BPM & Workflow in the New Enterprise Architecture

Welcome Keith D Swenson

Technical Committee ChairmanWorkflow Management Coalition

Vice President of R&DFujitsu Computer Systems Corporation

Workflow, BPM, & New Enterprise Architecture

2 April 21-23, 2008

Renaissance Washington, DC

Fujitsu : Leadership in Software

Fujitsu’s Strengths:Strong presence in the BPM area and a comprehensive product line in SOA and BPMSignificantly expanded consulting and engineering resources in the U.S. — it has won U.S./U.K. customers and gained significant growth ratio outside JapanStrong presence in human-to-human BPM area that offers strong capability in orchestrationDeep understanding of back-end integration requirements, with a long history of supporting the mainframe environmentStrong capability in composing, sequencing and managing services with Interstage Service Integrator/Fujitsu enterprise service bus (ESB) accompanied by service registry and repository (CentraSite)

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Customers

Media/

IT

HealthcareIT

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Overview / Agenda

Definitions of Terms & MotivationThe Evolution of Workflow / BPM

– How the technology has developed over time– Human BPM and EAI Convergence

A New Enterprise Architecture for AgilityFive Key Standards

– BPMN, XPDL, BPEL, Wf-XML, BPAF

What is the Ultimate Goal?– Business Level Agility

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Renaissance Washington, DC

is defined in a is managed by a

composed of

which may be

Process DefinitionProcess DefinitionRepresentation of what is intended to happen

Business ProcessBusiness Process

What is intended to happen

Workflow Management System( BPMS )

Workflow Management System( BPMS )

ActivitiesActivities

ManualActivitiesManual

ActivitiesAutomatedActivities

AutomatedActivities

Work ItemsWork Items InvokedApplications

InvokedApplications

Process InstanceProcess Instanceused to create & manage

composed of

Representation of what is actually happening

Controls the automated Aspects of the process.

includes one or more

Not managedby BPMS

during execution arerepresented by

Tasks allocated to aWorkflow Participant. Services called as

part of process

Activity InstancesActivity Instances

subp

roce

ss

Terms

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Motivation

Drivers for Business Process Management (BPM)

Drivers for Business Process Management (BPM)

PerformanceBusiness Process Improvement

Engineering of Process-aware IS

PerformanceBusiness Process Improvement

Engineering of Process-aware IS

ComplianceMandated compliance (e.g. SOX)

Desired compliance (e.g. ISO, ITIL)

ComplianceMandated compliance (e.g. SOX)

Desired compliance (e.g. ISO, ITIL)

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You’re Hired !

Process: New Hire Integration– Background Check– Allocation of office space– Reservation of phone, pager– Creation of access rights in operational systems

Problem: Lost productivity due to late provisioning of work infrastructure

Automating the process coordination reduced cycle time from 2 week average to 2 days

BPM Goal: Performance

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You’re Fired !

Process: Employee Termination– Removal of computer access rights– Collection of company-issued phone, pager, access

card– Removal from employee directory

Problem: Not all equipment is collected, access rights remain after an employee leaves

Automating the process coordination ensures that no step is forgotten

BPM Goal: Compliance

Welcome The Evolutionof Workflowand BPM

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1990 Workflow in the Brain

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce G

uid

eline

s

ApplicationLogic

in MonolithicProgram

UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

11 April 21-23, 2008

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1993 Assist Work Sequence

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

in MonolithicProgram

UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

LaunchesUI

User accessesoriginal UI directly

Human BPM/Workflow:

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1996 Distribute Work

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

in MonolithicProgram

UI“Screens”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

backgroundcheck

createaccount

checkguidelines

Launches

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2002 Backend Web Services

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ch

eck

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

Service Oriented

Architecture

ExposedWeb

Serviceslist

AcctsnewAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

bgcheck

rules Review

UI connects user to process engine, not

the back-end applications

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Old

Ru

les

2005 Composite Services Give IT Agility

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

New

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

CompositeService

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Old

Ru

les

2005 Composite Services Give IT Agility

Backg

rou

nd

New

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

enterinfo

createaccount

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

CompositeServices

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Human Activities: 3 Phases

Review

Automated phase beforeto prepare for the task

Wait phase for Human to do the work,includes timers andescalation logic

Automated phase afterto take care of resultsof the task

User Interface(while waiting)

Note: this notation is not standard!

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Future Simplify as “Human Steps”

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Co

nfo

rma

nce R

ules

ApplicationLogic

ExposedWeb

Services

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

CompositeService

To People:Looks liketwo steps!

Much simpler.

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Separation of Responsibility

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

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nd

Ru

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listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

ESB / BPEL

call 1 Reviewenterinfo

Business Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

IT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations• Scalability / Performance• Interoperability• Master Data Management

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Who?

When?

What?

How?

Separation of DevelopmentBusiness Retains Control of• Assignment of Responsibility• Groups, Roles, Skills• Deadlines• Alerts, Reminders, Escalations• Order of Tasks• Addition of Manual Tasks• User Interface

IT Retains Control of• Computational Logic• Data Representations• Scalability / Performance• Interoperability• Master Data Management

Depends strongly on who is in each organization.

Changes on daily basis

Organizational Culture

Optimize for each team

Respond to market or legislation

Related to Training, Experience

Requires expensive technical capabilities

Very low or no dependence upon the organizational culture

Knowledge of infrastructure

Welcome Human Process Management vs.Enterprise Application Integration

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EAI BPM

Mainly integration or technology driven processes– Straight Through Processes– Short process duration

Projects tend to be driven by IT

Humans get involved when there are exceptions

Usually less sophisticated human support required

AverageProcessDuration

VeryLong

VeryShort

ComponentAssembly

EAIProcess

Workflow

Lifecycle

Components

Applications

Applicationsand

Participants

Processes

Technology Coordinate

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Human BPM/Workflow

Mainly Human Centric ActivitiesCollaboration between

participants– May be supported by BPM

system– May occur outside

automated system(direct human interaction)

– Long process durationProjects tend to be driven by

BusinessAlmost always require integration

with applications or technologies

Integration capabilities usually not as rich as products with origins in EAI

AverageProcessDuration

VeryLong

VeryShort

ComponentAssembly

EAIProcess

Workflow

Lifecycle

Components

Applications

Applicationsand

Participants

Processes

Technology Coordinate

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Renaissance Washington, DC23

Human BPM Has UI

Workitems– To-do list, works to do (personal, role …)

Forms represent task – Step, workflow activity

Forms interaction– document attachments, comments

Many other interaction– Search, caseview …

Users need rich applications

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Human BPM has Management

Time management– Delegate, alarm,

overdue, delay, vacation

Supervision– Team management,

Process supervision, exception

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Human BPM Represents Users

User management– Rights, assignment, skills, Organizational structure

Task assignment– Self-service, workload, distribution, dynamic

assignment

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Human BPM has Integration, too

From a workflow perspective, a participant can be a human, an application, a machine, or another process or workflow engine

System integration mostly base on point to point connector technology (a participant = 1 application)

High document integration (EDMS/ECM) capability

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Convergence

• EAI specialists acquire Human BPM technology to increase Human capabilities

• Human BPM specialists integrate EAI technology to increase integration/transaction/connector capabilities

• Over time these are blending into a single category

Benefit to Customers:– Single product applicable for wide range of projects– Fewer pieces of technology to manage– More consistent integration– Fosters better collaboration between Business and IT

Welcome Standards Overview

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BPM Standards Summary

BPMN – Business Process Modelling Notationis widely accepted as standard for the look of a process

XPDL – XML Process Definition Languagepromotes the exchange of processes between vendors and tools:– Modelling and Simulation– Process Design and Implementation– Process Deployment– BAM and Historical Reporting

BPEL – Business Process Execution Language– Includes only the executable aspects of a process– Oriented toward orchestration of Web Services

Wf-XML - Inter Engine Collaborationprovides runtime integration between process services

BPAF - Business Process Analytics FormatStandard event format for Process Intelligence Tools

April 21-23, 2008

Renaissance Washington, DC

Standards Landscape

Collaboration AgreementCollaboration Agreement

Process Model DiagramProcess Model Diagram

UML Activity Diagrams

BPMN 1.0

Repository & DiscoveryRepository & Discovery

UDDI

AssuranceAssurance

WS-Security SAML

Process Model Definition/Storage FormatsProcess Model Definition/Storage Formats

ebXML BPSSebXML

CPA/CPP

Transport ReliabilityTransport Reliability

ebXML-RM WS-RM ...

Transport LayerTransport Layer

HTTP JMS ...

EncodingEncoding

SOAP / AttachmentsWS-Addressing

Data DefinitionData Definition

XML-Schema

Service End Point DefinitionService End Point Definition

WSDL

Service Orchestration

Service Orchestration

Choreography DefinitionChoreography Definition

WS-CDLBPEL

Monitoring & AuditMonitoring & Audit

WfMC IF5 1.0 (CWAD)

Runtime InteractionRuntime Interaction

Wf-XML 1.0 WfMCWAPI

PresentationPresentation

XForms

Service/Human

Interaction

Service/Human

Interaction

BPEL4People

Near Completion

Stable

Under Development

Ideation Stage

BPMN 1.1

Process Model SemanticsProcess Model Semantics

BPDM 1.0

Proprietary (e.g. MQSeries)

Wf-XML 2.0

WfMC IF5 2.0

(XWAD)BPRI

BPMN 2.0 (BPDM 2)

JSF WS-RP

XPDL 2.1

RosettaNet PIPs

April 21-23, 2008

Renaissance Washington, DC

Standards Landscape

discuss today XPDL 2.1

BPELWf-XML

1.0Wf-XML

2.0

BPMN1.0

BPMN 1.1

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Workflow / BPM Reference Model

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Workflow / BPM Reference Model

BPMN

XPDL

SOAP

BPEL Wf-XMLBPAF

REST

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BPMN: Business Process Modeling Notation

Defines the way the process LOOKS

Provides a dictionary of standard shapes with particular meanings

Consistent use of shape/meaning benefits everyone:reduces the learning curve,training on shapes is useful for multiple products

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XPDL: XML Process Definition Language

The FILE FORMAT for a process definitionExchange process definitions between

– Different BPM/Workflow Products– Process Modelling/ Simulation tools and

BPM/Workflow Products– Supported by more than 70 commercial BPA/ BPM

products and interoperability demonstrated; use of tools that support the standard ensures that you are not locked in to any particular vendor

Full support for BPMN

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BPEL: Business Process Execution Language

Powerful programming language for Web service orchestration and XML manipulation

Oriented toward building composite applications, not necessarily BPM

Inflated expectations in media to be universal process language; now disillusioned

No support for human activities– Look to BPEL4People effort to add this

No sub-processes– Look to BPEL Subprocess effort to add this

No on-the-fly process modifications

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Process Design Ecosystem

Vendor FVendor E

SOA DesignWorkflow Design

Vendor C Vendor DVendor BVendor A

Process Risk Mgmt Process Simulation

Process Execution

Process Modeling

Process Model Repository

Process Optimization

Process Execution

Executable Model Repository (e.g. XPDL)

Executable Model Repository (e.g. BPEL)

◄ Wf-XML ►

X

Risk/Control Ownership/Issue

Resources/Time

Goals/Strategies

Tool- specific Capabilities

User Needs

Process Structure is shared by all tools

Execution environments have different strengths, no model exchange at this level

PeopleIntegratio

n

Limited Portability

BPMN BPMN BPMN BPMN

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Wf-XML: Runtime Integration

Sales Process on Server A

Draft AproveLegal

ReviewClose

ContractSpecialist

TortSpecialist

ExecAnalyst

Legal Review Process on Server B

Wf-XMLbased on SOAP or REST

Standard Protocol between process engines allows oneprocess to reuse anotheracross technologies.

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• Standardized Event Format– XML Syntax– Defined Attribute Semantics

• Process State Model• Activity State Model

BPAF: Business Process Analytics Format

BusinessProcess

IntelligenceWarehouse

BusinessProcess

ManagementSystemServers

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WfMC WfMC

OASISOASIS

BPMIBPMI

OMGOMG

Standards Timeline - Releases

WPDLWPDL

XMLXML

BPMN 1.0BPMN 1.0

XPDL 2.0XPDL 2.0 XPDL 2.1XPDL 2.1

1994 1998 2000 2001 2008 201020072006 20092004 20052002 2003

XPDL 1.0

XPDL 1.0

BPMN 1.0BPMN 1.0BPMN

1.2BPMN

1.1

BPMN 1.1

BPMN 2.0

RefModel

RefModel

Wf-XML-RWf-XML 1.0

Wf-XML 1.0

Wf-XML 1.1

Wf-XML 1.1

BPEL4PeopleBPELBPEL

XPDL 3.0

BPAF

Welcome Goal: Business Level Agility

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Agility = Business Driven Change w/o Programming

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

Backg

rou

nd

Ru

les

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

News Flash!

Some otherbank sued!Need to respondquickly to avoid risk!

News Flash!

Some otherbank sued!Need to respondquickly to avoid risk!

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Renaissance Washington, DC

Agility = Business Driven Change w/o Programming

Backg

rou

nd

Ru

les

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

legalcheck

ImmediateResponse:

Handle the problem manually with a specialist team -- the next day.

ImmediateResponse:

Handle the problem manually with a specialist team -- the next day.

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

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Renaissance Washington, DC

Agility = Business Driven Change w/o Programming

Backg

rou

nd

Ru

les

call 1 Review

ESB / BPEL

enterinfo

Eventually:

Automate the step with a service, and eliminate the manual review team a few weeks or months later.

Eventually:

Automate the step with a service, and eliminate the manual review team a few weeks or months later.

Enterprise Application A “Account Management”

listAccts

newAcct

updateAcct

deleteAcct

Leg

al Ch

eck

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Summary

New structure for enterprise applications– Separate “who” & “when” - controlled by business users– From “what” & “how” - controlled by IT developers– Purposefully segregate these aspects so that the right

group has the right flexibility from the startKey Benefits:

– Business Level Control & AgilityStandards are key to interoperability

– BPMN – the graphical notation– XPDL – the file format for design interchange– BPEL – the executable part of the process– Wf-XML – runtime integration of processes– BPAF – Analytics Format for Process Intelligence

46 April 21-23, 2008

Renaissance Washington, DC

BPM In Practice: A Primer for BPM & Workflow Standards

All of this and more is covered in this new book from Keith Swenson and Robert Shapiro available at:

http://www.lulu.com/content/2244958

See the related blog at:

http://kswenson.wordpress.com/books

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Renaissance Washington, DC

Questions?

Interstage BPM Studio available free at

http://www.fsw.fujitsu.com/support/ibpm_studio/

WfMC: Process Thought Leadership.

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Renaissance Washington, DC

Thank You!

Keith D SwensonTechnical Committee Chairman

Workflow Management CoalitionVice President of R&D

Fujitsu Computer Systems Corporation

Contact Information:+1 408 859-1005kswenson@us.fujitsu.com