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Presentation by Willie Lantz.
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Ration Balancing Small Ruminant Webinar
Willie LantzExtension Educator – Garrett County
Ration – Feed fed to an animal in one day
Balanced RationFeed required to meet the animals nutritional requirements in one day
Balancing Rations will:
• Provide economical performance– Rate of Gain– Milk Production
• Prevent nutritional disorders• Maximize profits
Balancing Ration – Step 1
Gather DataWeight
Age
Stage of Gestation
Environmental Conditions
Weight Gain
Stage of Lactation
Milk Production
Level
Number Kids in
Gestation
Feeds to Use in Ration – Step 2
1. On Farm Feed Resources- Pasture, Hay, Grains
2. Locally Available Feeds- Transportation greatly affects costs of feeds
3. Costs of Feeds- Dry – Early Gestation animals sell
alfalfa hay purchase grass hay.
Determine When Critical Times to Balance Ration – Step 3
• Late Gestation– Last 60 days of pregnancy
• Early Lactation– First 60 days of lactation
• Late Lactation– 60 days post partum to weaning
• Early Finishing– First 60 -90 days after weaning
• Late Finishing– 90days post weaning to market
Ration Timing
• Matching Breeding Program to Market– Ration will be determined by nutritional needs of the female and
offspring to hit a certain market.• Late July Market Goat for County Fair• Does Kid in January – wean at 90-120 days
Feeding ProgramEarly Lactation – Jan to FebLate Lactation– March to AprilDry – Not Pregnant to Early Gestation – May to OctLate Gestation – Nov to DecEarly Growth (kids) – May to JuneLate Growth - July
Greatest Need Feed Hay & Grain
Least NeedPasture
Match Breeding to Feed Availability• Sell kids/lambs in fall• Kid and Lamb in late spring (April)• Does/Ewes and Kids/Lambs to pasture – May 1st
Feeding Program- Early Lactation – May – June- Late Lactation – July – August- Dry & Early Gestation – Sept to Feb.- Late Gestation – March – April- Early Growth – Sept to Oct- Late Growth – Nov to Dec
PastureGreatest Need
Least Need Feed Hay
Determine Animal Needs – Step 42007 NRC Small Ruminants
Montana State University http://www.msusheepration.montana.edu/default.aspxAlabama Cooperative Extension Montana State University http://www.aces.edu/pubs/docs/A/ANR-0812/ANR-812tab1.htmlMaryland Small Ruminant Pagehttp://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.html
As Fed versus Dry Matter Basis
• All feed have some moisture • AS FED = feed + moisture– Grains & Hay = 10-15% moisture – Silage = 40 – 70% moisture– Pasture = 80-90% moisture
Hay 5lbs X .85 DM X 9% CP = .38 lbs CPSilage 5lbs X .40 DM X 9% CP = .18 lbs CPPasture 5lbs X .15 DM X 9% CP = .07 lbs CP
Make sure you understand if you are looking at nutrient levels based
on Dry Matter or As Fed• Shelled Corn Dry Matter Basis = 9.0% CP• Shelled Corn AS Fed = 7.9% Crude ProteinHINT – If it list the %DM in a table it will be giving the nutrients in a 100% Dry Mater Basis
• Convert AS Fed X Dry Mater % = DM BasisMost Animal Requirement are Based on DM
Beginning to Balance Ration
Start with Dry Matter Intake (DMI)Animal Needed DMI/% Dry Matter
Ewe Needs 4.5 lbs DMIFeeding Hay
4.5lbs DMI / .85 (DM) = 5.3 lbs HayFeeding Silage
4.5 lbs DMI/ .45 (DM) = 10 lbs Silage
Balancing for Protein
Determine Animal Need for Crude Protein (CP)Ewe nursing twins – early lactation
Needs 4.5 lbs DMI .6 lbs CPHay 5.3 pounds X .08 (%CP DM) = .424 lbs CP
OR.6 lbs CP / .08 (%CP DM) = 7.5 lbs hay/.85%DM = 8.8 lbs Hay as fed needed to meet CP requirement Need to add a high protein feed stuff to ration
Ration Balancing Sheep
Montana State University Sheep Ration Balancinghttp://www.msusheepration.montana.edu/
Goat Ration Balancing
Langston University Nutrient Calculator (for goats): http://www.luresext.edu/goats/research/nutritionmodule1.htm
Calculating a Grain Mix
If your ration call for:1 pound of cracked corn.3 pounds of distillers grain.3 pounds of soybean oil
meal.5 pounds of Oats.02 pounds of limestone
2.12 pound of grain mix each day
Step 1Divide each ingredient by the total amount of feed per day. 1 lbs corn/2.12 = .47 .3 lbs Distillers/2.12 = .14 .3 lbs SBOM/2.12 = .14 .5 lbs Oats/2.12 = .23 .02lbs Limestone/2.12 = .009
Step 2Multiply by the total pounds of feed you would like made.1000 pounds of FeedCorn = .47 X 1000 = 470lbsDistillers = .14 X 1000 = 140lbsSBOM = .14 X 1000 = 140lbsOats = .23 X 1000 = 230lbsLimestone =.009 X 1000 = 9lbs
Calculating the Protein in your grain mix
Step 1Multiply Crude protein of each ingredient X the DM% and CP% for that ingredient.
Step 2Divide the total pounds of Crude Protein by the total pounds of feed
Corn = 470 pounds X .88 % DM X .09% CP = 37.2lbs CPDistillers = 140lbs X .91 % DM X .29% CP = 36.9lbs CPSBOM = 140lbs X .84 % DM X .54% CP = 63.5lbs CPOats = 230lbs X .89% DM X .13% CP = 26.6lbs CPLimestone = 0% CP 0.0lbs CP
TOTAL lbs CP 164.2lbs CP
164.2 pounds of Crude Protein / 1000 =
.164 or 16.4% Crude Protein
OR
Go to the Maryland Small Ruminant Page http://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.html
Select “Ration Mixer”
Comparing Feed Costs
• Determine the cost per pound of protein or TDN• Cost per cwt/(100lbs X %DM X %CP)Distillers $13/(100 X .91%DM X .29%CP)=$.49/lb CPSBOM $18/(100 X .90%DM X .54%CP) = $.37/lb CPCompare protein feeds based on cost per pound of CP and Energy Feeds based on cost per pound of TDN
http://www.sheepandgoat.com/spreadsheets.htmlSelect “Comparison of Nutrient Costs”
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