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AI1276-401H
LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
E
901-09401
April 10th, 2017
Product Name
Version
Doc No
Date
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Document History Date Revised Contents Revised By Version
Mar 30th ,2016
May 30th ,2016
June 15th ,2016
Sep 9th ,2016
Apr 10th ,2017
Initial Version
Block diagram Modified
Module pin definition modified to internal MCU
pin name
Mechanical dimension modified
Operation temp. range and module Pin1
definition modified
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INDEX
1. General Description ...................................................................................................................................3
1-1 Block Diagram ............................................................................................................................................4
1-2 Product Version .........................................................................................................................................4
1-3 Specification ..............................................................................................................................................4
2. Electrical Characteristics ...........................................................................................................................5
2-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................................................................................................5
2-2. Recommended Operating Range ..............................................................................................................5
2-3. Power Consumption Characteristics .........................................................................................................5
2-4. RF Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................6
2-5. Digital Characteristics ................................................................................................................................7
2-5-1. DC characteristics ..............................................................................................................................7
2-5-2. NRST pin characteristics ....................................................................................................................8
2-5-3. UART Interface Parameters ...............................................................................................................8
3. Control Protocol ........................................................................................................................................9
3-1 LoRaTM Packet Brief .................................................................................................................................9
3-2 State Chart ...............................................................................................................................................10
3-3 Command / Response Format ................................................................................................................ 11
3-4 Command Set ..........................................................................................................................................12
3-5 Control Flow Example .............................................................................................................................21
4. Pin Definition ...........................................................................................................................................22
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LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
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1. General Description
The AI1276-401H integrates ARM Coretex®-M4 MCU with LoRaTM modulation that provides ultra-long range
spread spectrum communication and high interference immunity whilst minimizing current consumption.
AI1276-401H can achieve a sensitivity of over -137 dBm. The high sensitivity combined with the integrated +20
dBm power amplifier yields industry leading link budget making it optimal for any low data rate application
requiring range or robustness. LoRaTM also provides significant advantages in both blocking and selectivity over
conventional modulation techniques, solving the traditional design compromise between range, interference
immunity and energy consumption.
Feature
Small footprint:18 mm x 18 mm x 1.75 mm
LoRaTM Modem
+20 dBm constant RF output vs. V supply
Programmable bit rate up to 37500 bps
High sensitivity: down to -137 dBm
Excellent blocking immunity
Preamble detection
Automatic RF Sense and CAD with ultra-fast
AFC
Payload up to 128 bytes with CRC
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1-1 Block Diagram A simplified block diagram of the AI1276-401H module is depicted in the figure below.
1-2 Product Version The features of AI1276-401H is detailed in the following table
Part
Number
Frequency
Band
Spreading
Factor
Bandwidth
(K Hz)
Effective
Bitrate (bps)
Est. Sensitivity
( dBm )
AI1276-401H 915/868 MHz 6 - 12 62.5 - 500 146 - 37500 -109 to -137*
Note: * LORA setting SF=12, BW=62.5k, Long-Range Mode, highest LNA gain, LnaBoost for Band 1.
1-3 Specification
Model Name AI1276-401H
Product Description LoRa Wireless Communication Module
Host Interface UART / IRQs
Operation Conditions
Temperature Storage:-50℃ ~ +105℃
Operating:-40℃ ~ +85℃
Humidity Operating:10 ~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
Storage:5 ~ 95% (Non-Condensing)
Dimension 18 mm x 18 mm x 1.75 mm
Package Stamp type
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2. Electrical Characteristics
2-1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VDD33, VBAT Supply Voltage -0.3 3.9 V
VIN Input voltage on digital pins -0.3 3.9 V
Pmr RF Input Level +10 dBm
2-2. Recommended Operating Range
Symbol Parameter Min. Typ. Max. Unit
VDD33 Supply Voltage 2.4 3.3 3.6 V
VBAT Backup operating voltage 1.65 3.3 3.6 V
ML RF Input Level +10 dBm
2-3. Power Consumption Characteristics
Symbol Parameter Conditions Typ. Max. Unit
IDDSL Supply current in Sleep mode Sleep Stop mode 15 20 uA
IDDR Supply current in Receive mode 36.6 mA
IDDT
Supply current in Transmit
mode with impedance
matching
RFOP = +20 dBm
RFOP = +17 dBm
RFOP = +13 dBm
RFOP = + 7 dBm
144
111
53
44
mA
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2-4. RF Characteristics
The table below gives the electrical specifications for the transceiver operating with LoRaTM modulation.
Following conditions apply unless otherwise specified:
Supply voltage = 3.3 V.
Temperature = 25° C.
Frequency bands: 915/868 MHz
Bandwidth (BW) = 125 kHz.
Spreading Factor (SF) = 12.
Error Correction Code (EC) = 4/6.
Packet Error Rate (PER)= 1%
CRC on payload enabled.
Output power = 13 dBm in transmission.
Payload length = 64 bytes.
Preamble Length = 12 symbols (programmed register PreambleLength=8)
With matched impedances
LoRa Transmitter (Conductive)
Item Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Frequency Range Band1 863 915 928 MHz
Tx Power Level PA_BOOST pin 18.0 19.5 21.0 dBm
LoRa Receiver (Conductive)
Item Condition Min. Typ. Max. Unit
Frequency Range Band1 863 915 928 MHz
RFS_L62_HF
(Long-Range Mode, highest
LNA gain, LNA boost, 62.5
kHz bandwidth)
SF = 6 -119 dBm
SF = 7 -124 dBm
SF = 8 -127 dBm
SF = 12 -137 dBm
RFS_L500_HF
(Long-Range Mode, highest
LNA gain, LNA boost, 500
kHz bandwidth)
SF = 6 -109 dBm
SF = 7 -114 dBm
SF = 8 -117 dBm
SF = 9 -120 dBm
SF = 10 -123 dBm
SF = 11 -126 dBm
SF = 12 -128 dBm
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2-5. Digital Characteristics
2-5-1. DC characteristics
Symbol Description Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit
VIH I/O input
high level voltage
UART and NRST 0.4 VDD33 - - V
BOOT0 0.17 VDD33
+ 0.7 V
VIL I/O input
low level voltage
UART and NRST - - 0.3 VDD33 V
BOOT0 0.1 VDD33
+ 0.1 V
VOH I/O output
high level voltage IIO ≤ 4 mA
VDD33 – 0.4 - - VDD
VOL I/O output
low level voltage - - 0.4 VDD
RPU Weak pull-up
Equivalent resistor VIN = GND 30 40 50 K Ω
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2-5-2. NRST pin characteristics
The NRST pin input driver uses CMOS technology.
It is connected to a permanent pull-up resistor (RPU).
The following figure is recommended NRST pin protection circuit against parasitic resets.
Symbol Description Conditions Min Typ. Max Unit
RPU Weak pull-up
Equivalent resistor VIN = GND 30 40 50 K Ω
VF NRST Input filtered pulse 100 nS
VNF NRST Input not filtered pulse VDD33 > 2.7 V 300 nS
2-5-3. UART Interface Parameters
Baud Rate = 38400 bps
Data Bits = 8 bits
Stop Bits = 1 bit
Parity Check = None
Flow Control = None
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3. Control Protocol
3-1 LoRaTM Packet Brief
The LoRaTM Packet comprises three elements:
A Preamble
The preamble is used to synchronize receiver with the incoming data flow. The preamble length is
variable from 6 to 65535 symbols. By default it is configured with 12 symbols.
Header
The header provides information on the payload, including length, FEC code rate, and the
presence of CRC for payload.
The data payload
The maximum length of payload is 128 bytes.
In order to meet regulation in different regions / countries, the FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum) maybe needs to be implemented also. That needs to control the transmission time on air
within specific time. The transmission time could be calculated by LoRa Calculator, which is
downloaded on Semtech Web Site.
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3-2 State Chart
Idle
Mode
Product Verify
Mode
Continue TX
Continue RX
Demo
Mode
Master
Ping
Slave
Pong
Normal
Mode
Power ON
Slave Response Master Polling
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3-3 Command / Response Format Command:
Command (ASCII String) Parameter (ASCII String) End Of Line
N Bytes 0 ~ N Bytes 0x0D (CR)
Ex.
LoraPower 17 ↵
UartEchoOn ↵
Response for Command syntax error or Execute result:
Response (ASCII String) End Of Line
Ex.
UNKNOW (CR)(LF)
OK (CR)(LF)
ERROR (CR)(LF)
Response for Query Result:
Response Item 1 (space) Response Item 2 ……. (space) Response Item N (ASCII String) End Of Line
Ex.
TxPacketTimeout=2183 (CR)(LF)
RFFrequency=915000000 BW=6 SF=12 ErrorCoding=1 (CR)(LF)
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3-4 Command Set
Predefined Modulation
LoraGetOperationMode
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success LoraOperationMode=in???dBm
Description
Report current modulation / sensitivity mode.
There are several pre-defined sensitivity mode like below:
in121dBm in126dBm in129dBm in132dBm
in135dBm in137dBm in140dBm
It reports inOtherMode while not using pre-defined mode.
LoraOperation121dBm
LoraOperation126dBm
LoraOperation129dBm
LoraOperation132dBm
LoraOperation135dBm
LoraOperation137dBm
LoraOperation140dBm
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success OK
Description
Use pre-defined modulation / sensitivity mode.
Mode Spreading Factor Bandwidth(kHz)
121 6 62.5
126 7 62.5
129 8 62.5
132 9 62.5
135 10 62.5
137 11 62.5
140 12 62.5
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Miscellaneous
LoraSystemMode
Parameter inNormal => For user normal application
inTD => Demo Ping/Pong test
inPV => Reserved for production test
inIdle => Reserved for RD use.
Response on Success OK
Description Setup system operation mode.
LoraMode
Parameter
MASTER or SLAVE.
Ex.
LoraMode MASTER
Response on Success OK
Description Configure the role of LoRa device.
LoraReset
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success OK
Description Software reset LoRa front end functions.
LoraStartWork
Parameter
ENABLE or DISABLE
Ex.
LoraStartWork ENABLE
Response on Success OK
Description Configure the module to enable/disable LoRa functions.
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Terminal Echo Control
UartEchoOn
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success OK
Description Echo UART received data. It is useful for manual control by console.
UartEchoOff
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success OK
Description Turn off UART echo.
This is default setting to avoid mix messages while console output.
Product Verify Test
LoraPV_TXresult
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success LoraPV_TXresult=xxx
Description Stop RF transmission.
Report the quantity of transmitted packets.
LoraPV_TXstart
Parameter(s)
0 Keep transmission with default payload.
2
Parameter 1 = quantity of packets
Parameter 2 = payload string in ASCII coding
Ex.
LoraPV_TXstart 1200 werty
It means transmit string “werty” 1200 times.
Response on Success OK
Description Start RF transmission.
LoraPV_RXresult
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success LoraPV_RXresult=xxx
Description Stop RF receive.
Report the quantity of correctly received packets.
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RF Frequency
LoraGetRFFrequency
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RFFrequency=915000000
Description Report current RF carrier frequency in Hz.
LoraFreq
Parameter
Carrier frequency in Hz.
Ex.
LoraFreq 915000000
Response on Success OK
Description
Configure RF carrier frequency in Hz.
For SX1276, Range is 137 kHz ~ 1020 kHz
For SX1278, Range is 137 kHz ~ 525 kHz
RF Output Power
LoraGetRFPower
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RFPower=20
Description Report output power setup for transmission in dBm.
LoraPower
Parameter
RF output power level in dBm.
Ex.
LoraPower 17
Response on Success OK
Description Configure RF output power level. It must be within 5 to 20.
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LoRa Modulation
LoraGetPreambleLength
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success PreambleLength=8
Description Report the preamble length of LoRa packet while transmission in symbol.
LoraPreambleLength
Parameter
Preamble length in symbol.
Ex.
LoraPreambleLength 12
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa packet preamble length. It must be within 6 to 65535.
LoraGetImplicitHeader
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success HeaderStatus=Explicit
Description Report the LoRa packet contains header (Explicit) or not (Implicit).
LoraImplicitHeader
Parameter
ENABLE or DISABLE.
Ex.
LoraImplicitHeader ENABLE
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa packet contains header (Enable) or not (Disable).
LoraGetPara
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RFFrequency=915000000 BW=6 SF=12 ErrorCoding=1 RFPower=20
FreqHopOn=false HeaderStatus=Explicit CRC=ON PreambleLength=8
PayloadLength=9
TxPacketTimeout=2183 RxPacketTimeout=2183
Description Report complete RF parameters.
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LoraGetSF
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success SF=6
Description Report the LoRa modulation spreading factor ( 6 to 12 ).
LoraSF
Parameter
Spreading factor ( 6 to 12 ).
Ex.
LoraSF 8
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa modulation spreading factor.
LoraGetBW
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success BW=1
Description
Report the LoRa modulation bandwidth factor.
0 => 7.8 kHz, 1 => 10.4 kHz, 2 => 15.6 kHz
3 => 20.8 kHz, 4 => 31.2 kHz, 5 => 41.6 kHz
6 => 62.5 kHz, 7 => 125 kHz, 8 => 250 kHz, 9 => 500 kHz
LoraBW
Parameter
Bandwidth factor.
Ex.
LoraBW 6
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa modulation bandwidth factor.
Refer to LoraGetBW for more details.
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LoraGetCRC
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success CRC=ON
Description Report the payload CRC check is enabled (ON) or not (OFF).
LoraCRC
Parameter
ENABLE or DISABLE.
Ex.
LoraCRC ENABLE
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa packet contains payload CRC (Enable) or not (Disable).
LoraGetErrorCoding
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success ErrorCoding=1
Description Report the LoRa packet FEC coding rate factor.
1 => 1.25, 2 => 1.5, 3 => 1.75, 4 => 2.0
LoraErrorCoding
Parameter
FEC coding rate factor.
Ex.
LoraErrorCoding 1
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa packet FEC coding rate factor.
Refer to LoraGetErrorCoding for more details.
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Payload Control
LoraGetPayloadLength
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success PayloadLength=9
Description Report the payload length of LoRa packet while transmission in byte.
LoraPayloadLength
Parameter
Payload length in byte.
Ex.
LoraPayloadLength 64
Response on Success OK
Description Configure LoRa packet payload length in byte. It must be within 1 to 128.
LoraGetRxPacketTimeout
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RxPacketTimeout=2183
Description Report current timeout interval for receive in mS.
LoraGetTxPacketTimeout
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success TxPacketTimeout=2183
Description Report current timeout interval for transmission in mS.
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Receiver Sensitivity
LoraGetRxGain
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RxGain=1
Description Report the latest received LoRa packet gain in dBm.
LoraGetSNR
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success SNR=0
Description Report the latest received LoRa packet SNR value in dB.
LoraGetRSSI
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success RSSI=-45
Description Report the latest received LoRa packet RSSI value in dBm.
Frequency Hopping
LoraGetFreqHopOn
Parameter(s) N/A
Response on Success FreqHopOn=true20
Description
Report the frequency hopping is enabled (true) or not (false).
The value (20) after the string “true” is the hopping interval.
The frequency hopping option is reserved for feature use.
LoraFreqHopOn
Parameter
Frequency hopping interval.
Ex.
LoraFreqHopOn 10
Response on Success OK
Description Configure frequency hopping interval.
Interval = 0 means disable frequency hopping.
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3-5 Control Flow Example
Product Verify:
Step TX Side RX Side
1 LoraSystemMode inPV
2 LoraStartWork ENABLE
3 LoraPV_RXstart
4 LoraPV_TXstart
5 LoraPV_TXresult
6 LoraPV_RXresult
7 Check the difference on quantity of transmitted/received packets
Ping Pong Demo:
Step Master Side Slave Side
1 LoraMode MASTER LoraMode SLAVE
2 LoraSystemMode inTD
3 LoraStartWork ENABLE
4 Check the message display on console.
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4. Pin Definition
NC
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Pin Definition I/O Description
1 NC NC
2 GND Ground pin
3 PDR_ON I Power down reset circuitry control
It should be pull-up (with 10 KΩ) to enable this feature.
4 VBAT Backup operating voltage
5 BOOT0 I Boot mode selector 0.
It should be pull-down (with 4.7 KΩ) to boot from flash memory.
6 PB8 O MCU pin name: PB8
7 PB9 I/O MCU pin name: PB9
8 GND Ground Pin
9 VDD33 Power Supply
10 SWCLK O Serial wire JTAG debug port
11 PA15 I MCU pin name: PA15
12 SWO O Serial wire JTAG debug port
13 SWDIO I Serial wire JTAG debug port
14 PB4 I MCU pin name: PB4
15 PA11 I/O MCU pin name: PA11
16 PA12 I/O MCU pin name: PA12
17 GND Ground Pin
18 BOOT1 I Boot mode selector 1
19 PB0 I MCU pin name: PB0
20 PA7 I/O MCU pin name: PA7
21 PA6 I/O MCU pin name: PA6
22 PA5 I/O MCU pin name: PA5
23 PA4 I/O MCU pin name: PA4
24 PA0 I/O MCU pin name: PA0
25 PA1 I/O MCU pin name: PA1
26 UART2_RX I RX signal on UART interface
27 UART2_TX O TX signal on UART interface
28 PB7 I MCU pin name: PB7
29 PB6 O MCU pin name: PB6
30 NRST I Hardware reset pin
31 GND Ground Pin
32 GND Ground Pin
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5. Mechanical Dimensions
Unit: mm
Side View Top View Bottom View
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6. Recommended Reflow Profile
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7. Module Preparation
7.1 Handling
Handling the module must wear the anti-static wrist strap to avoid ESD damage. After each module is aligned
and tested, it should be transport and storage with anti -static tray and packing. This protective package must be
remained in suitable environment until the module is assembled and soldered onto the main board.
Base on reliability test result pass MRT L3 criteria, Module refer to MSL3 criterion.
7.2 SMT Preparation
1. Calculated shelf life in sealed bag: 6 months at <40 degree and <90% relative humidity (RH).
2. Peak package body temperature: 250 degree.
3. After bag was opened, devices that will be subjected to reflow solder or other high temperature
process must.
A. Mounted within: 168 hours of factory conditions <30 degree / 60% RH.
B. Stored at ≦10% RH with N2 flow box.
4. Devices require baking, before mounting, if:
A. Package bag does not keep in vacuumed while first time open.
B. Humidity Indicator Card is >10% when read at 23 ± 5 degree.
C. Expose at 3A condition over 8 hours or Expose at 3B condition over 24 hours.
5. If baking is required, devices may be baked for 12 hours at 125 ± 5 degree.
Acsip C
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Acsip C
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Acsip C
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LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
E
901-09401
Apr 10th, 2017
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8. Package Information
8-1. Product Marking
Product Part Num.
AcSIP Lot Num.
Date Code
AcSIP Corp. Logo
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Acsip C
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Acsip C
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LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
E
901-09401
Apr 10th, 2017
28 of 30
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8-2. Tray Dimension
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LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
E
901-09401
Apr 10th, 2017
29 of 30
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8-3. Packing Information
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Acsip C
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Acsip C
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LoRaTM Wireless Communication Module
E
901-09401
Apr 10th, 2017
30 of 30
Product Name
Version
Doc No
Date
Page
8-4. Humidity Indicator Card
Indicates 指示點:
5%, 10%, 60% relative humidity
5%, 10%, 60% 相對濕度
Color Change 顏色變化:
Brown(Dry)→ Blue(Wet)
棕色(乾燥)→ 藍色(潮濕)
Dry(乾燥) Wet(潮濕)
Acsip C
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Acsip C
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Acsip C
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