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清洁发展机制进展 Updated CDM Progress. 吕学都 Lu Xuedu 中国科学技术部 Ministry of Science and Technology of China February 17-18, 2004 中国 北京 Beijing, China. 内容大纲 Outline. 一、概 念 Concept 二、 CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress 三、 EB 新进展 EB Progress - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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清洁发展机制进展 Updated CDM ProgressUpdated CDM Progress
吕学都 吕学都 Lu XueduLu Xuedu
中国科学技术部中国科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology of ChinaMinistry of Science and Technology of China
February 17-18, 2004February 17-18, 2004
中国 北京中国 北京Beijing, China Beijing, China
内容大纲 Outline
一、概 念 Concept
二、 CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
三、 EB 新进展 EB Progress
四、 世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
概 念 Concept
清洁发展机制( CDM )系 京都议定书第 12 条确立的机制 , 核心内涵是:发达国家通过提供资金和技术的方式,与发展中国家合作,在发展中国家实施具有温室气体减排效果的项目,项目所产生的温室气体减排量作为发达国家履行京都议定书所规定的一部分义务。
CDM is defined by the Article 12 of KP, and its key point is such: a d
eveloped country, by providing technologies and financial resources,
cooperates with a developing country to implement a project with G
HG emission reduction benefits in the developing country, and the G
HG emission reductions by the project could be used by the develope
d country to meet part of its commitment under the KP
CDM 项目分为四大类: Four types of CDM project
s
一般 CDM 项目:涉及能源、 N2O 、 HFC 等的项目 General CDM project: Projects related to energy, N2
O 、 and HFC
一般小项目: Small Scale Project
碳汇项目:指造林和再造林 Sink Project: AR
小型碳汇项目 Small Scale AR Project
概念 Concept
一般小项目:又分为三小项: Small Scale Project
可再生能源项目:最大装机容量 1.5 万千瓦
RE: Max. Output up to 15 Mg. W
提高能效项目:每年最多节能相当于 1500 万千瓦时
EE: Energy Conservation up to: 15 ggWh.
其他项目:温室气体直接排放量每年少于 1.5 万吨
Others: Emission less than 15 Kilo Tones CO2
概念 Concept
一般 CDM 的基本规则已经达成,可以开始实施
Modalities and procedures for general CDM projects are in place, and
can be applied
小项目: 经 COP-8 批准,已经允许采用简化的模式和程序:
Small Scale project: can apply for simplified rules adopted at Cop-8
碳汇 CDM : 2003 年 12 月 COP-9 上完成
Sink Project: Rules adopted at COP-9 in December 2003
小型碳汇 CDM :预计 2004 年 12 月 COP-10 上完成
Small Scale Sink Project: Rules may be adopted at COP-10 in 2004
概念 Concept
概念 Concept
CDM 项目文件应提供的信息: Info in PDD 项目一般描述 General Description 项目基准线 Project Baseline 选择的 CDM 寿期 Project Crediting Period 监测方案 Monitoring Plan 减排量计算 CERs Calculation 环境影响 Environment Impact Assessment 公众意见 Public comments 附件 Annexes
主要要求: Main Requirements: 环境效益:项目必须带来温室气体减排 Project should bring about GHG emission reduction ben
efits 项目资金:项目应带来资金投入(额外于 ODA ) Project should bring financial resources (Additional to
ODA) 技术转让:项目应带来技术转让 Project should lead to technology transfer
概念 Concept
2003 年 12 月在 COP-9 上完成了碳汇 CDM
规则谈判
At COP-9 in December 2003, Rules for Sink
CDM Project was adopted.
CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
规则对森林、造林、再造林、非持久性、碳计量期 、小型碳汇项目等做了专门定义。
The Rules set the specific definitions on forest, affo
restation, reforestation, non-permanence, carbon cr
editing period, and small scale A&R CDM project.
CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
COP-9 决定,同意将马拉喀什协定通过后及第一个 CD
M 项目注册前已经实施的项目,如果满足 CDM 规则的要求,最早可以从 2000 年 1 月 1 日起计算减排量。
COP-9 recognize that those qualified CDM projects startin
g between the adoption of Marrakech Accord and the regis
tration of the first CDM project, can get CERS from its sta
rt.
CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
COP-9 还决定,在 2004 年 COP -10 上完成小型碳汇 CDM 规则谈判COP-9 decides that Rules for small Scale Sink CDM Project shall be adopted at COP-10 in year 2004.
CDM 谈判进展 CDM Negotiation Progress
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
CDM 执行理事会已经批准 9 个方法学: AM0001
Incineration of HFC 23 Waste Streams AM0002
Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions through Landfill Gas Capture and Flaring where the Baseline is established by a Public Concession Contract
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
CDM 执行理事会已经批准 9 个方法学:
AM0003Simplified financial analysis for landfill gas capture projects
AM0004Grid-connected biomass power generation that avoids uncontrolled burning of biomass
实施 CDM 项目的技术难点:建立项目基准线。这需要专门的知识,是全球性难题。
The most difficult issue for CDM project impleme
ntation is the establishment of project emission bas
eline, which will require the full understanding on
notion and rationale of CDM.
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
CDM EB 第 10 次会议提供了关于如何表明一个项
目不是基准项目、而是 CDM 项目的方法学指南。
CDM EB provides clarifications on how to demonstr
ate a project is additional and therefore not the bas
eline scenario, through the methodology.
最新进展 Updated Progress
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
CDM 执理会给出了如何确定“额外性”的方法指南示例:
1. “ 问题”流程图,得出基准线应是什么样的项目A flow-chart or series of questions that lead to a
narrowing of potential baseline options
2. 通过定性或定量分析各种潜在选择,得出最可能发生的项目选择-基准线项目
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of different
potential options and an indication of why the non-
project option is more likely
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
3. 定性或定量分析项目所面临的障碍
A qualitative or quantitative assessment of one or more
barriers facing the proposed project activity (like small-
scale list)
4. 表明在当地该类项目并不常做,政府也无此规章
An indication that the project type is not common practice
(e.g., occurs in less than x% of similar cases) in the
proposed area of implementation, and not required by a
Party’s legislation/regulations.
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
CDM 执理会已经受理 19 个机构申请作为 OE ,其中有两个机构来自非附件一国家。 15 个机构已经获得向执理会提交新方法学的资格。
19 applications have been received to date, 2 of th
em from applicants in non-Annex I Parties (Repub
lic of Korea and Malaysia); 15 applications can su
bmit new methodologies to EB for approval.
EB 新进展 EB New Progress
4 个机构已经得到“预许可证”。
EB agreed for CDM-AP to issue Indicative Letter to 4 app
licant entities:
(1) Japan Quality Assurance Organization,
(2) Det Norske Veritas Certication Ltd.,
(3) TUV Suddeutschland Bau und Betrieb GmbH, and
(4) Tohmatsu Evaluation and Certification Organization.
世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
53 个国家已经向 气候公约秘书处报告其实施 CDM 的批准机关。其中,发展中国家 45 个,发达国家 8 个,他们是:
Austria, Denmark, European Community, Germany, Italy, Japan, Netherlands and Switzerland
世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
GEF : CDM 能力建设
GEF: CDM Capacity building activities
UNDP :援助发展中国家提高 CDM 执行能
力
UNDP: CDM Capacity building activities
世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
世界银行:推出 NSS 、 PCF 、 BCF 、 CDC
F 等
World Bank: NSS, PCF, BCF and CDCF
亚行:援助 CDM研究、建立 CDM推进机构
ADB: CDM Facility
世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
意大利:建立 CDM 基金及托管基金
Italy: CDM Fund and Trust Fund in World Bank
荷兰:建立了“ CERUPT” 计划,选定了 18 个项目
The Netherlands: CERUPT program supported 18 projec
ts
德国:德国开发银行( KfW )建立 CDM 基金;
Germany : Kfw sets CDM Fund
世界 CDM 情况 CDM in the world
欧盟: 欧盟排放贸易将于 2005 年与 CDM挂钩
EU: Emission Trading Scheme will link CDM in 2005
加拿大:建立了气候变化专门基金
Canada: Climate Change Fund
日本:官民都在调查
Japan: Investigations by official or non-official activities.
联系信息Contact Information
吕学都 清洁发展机制执行理事会候补委员中国科学技术部 资源与环境处北京市复兴路乙 15号 , 100862电话: 6851-4054 , 传真 :6851-2163 电子邮件: lvxd@mail.most.gov.cn
LU Xuedu Alternate Member of CDM Executive Board to Kyoto ProtocolDivision of Resources and EnvironmentMinistry of Science and Technology of China15 B Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100862, ChinaTEL:86-10-5888-1436 , FAX :86-10-5888-1441Email: lvxd@mail.most.gov.cn
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