11 พย. 2547 1 Terrestrail Transmission Department E-mail : arom01th@yahoo.com อารมย์...

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Terrestrail Transmission DepartmentTerrestrail Transmission Department

E-mail : arom01th@yahoo.comE-mail : arom01th@yahoo.com

อารมย์� ชื่นศิ ร อารมย์� ชื่นศิ ร ฝ่�าย์สื่อสื่�ญญาณภาคพื้�นดิ นฝ่�าย์สื่อสื่�ญญาณภาคพื้�นดิ น

โทร โทร 22722272

ระบบสื่อสื่�ญญาณวิ ทย์�ไมโครเวิฟMicrowave Radio System

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- - เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ UHFUHF

- เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ MICROWAVEMICROWAVE

- - เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ DRMASS & DRMASS &

TDMATDMA

- - เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ LASER LINKLASER LINK- - ฯลฯฯลฯ

ContentsContents

- - เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ เครอข่#าย์เชื่อมโย์งระบบ SATELLITESATELLITE

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UHF Radio LinkUHF Radio Link

RS

P-P Point to Point

BS

RS

P-MP Point to Point

BS

RS

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System ConfigurationSystem Configuration

Network User data speed Modulation Band width No. of channel64Kbit/sec 64Kbit/sec x 4128Kbit/sec 128Kbit/sec x 2256Kbit/sec

QPSK 300KHz

256Kbit/sec x 1512Kbit/sec 300KHz 64Kbit/sec x 8

P-P

2048Kbit/secQAM

1MHz 2048Kbit/sec x 1RS1 : 128Kbit/sec x 1RS2 : 128Kbit/sec x 1RS1 : 128Kbit/sec x 1RS2 : 64Kbit/sec x 2

P-MP 64Kbit/sec 128Kbit/sec QPSK 300KHz

RS1-4: 64Kbit/sec x 1

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SpecificationsSpecificationsModel : JHU-370 Series

(Base Station/Remote Station) Method : TDMA-FDD System : Point to Multipoint Number of Frequency

: Maximum 5 Frequency

Frequency Band

: 330MHz – 400MHz

Transmission Rate

: 64Kbit/sec - 256Kbit/sec

Output Power : 1W, 3W, 5W 10W (Adjustable)

Modulation : ?/4 QPSK Reciving Sensitivity : 17 dB?V BER-1 x 103 Threshold Level

: 17 dB?V BER-1 x 103

(Norminal D/U=25 dB) Service Arfea : 23 – 30 Km

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2.4 GHz TDMA P-MP System

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2.4 GHz TDMA P-MP System

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2.4 GHz TDMA P-MP System

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DRMASS (Digital Radio Multiple Access Subscriber System)DRMASS (Digital Radio Multiple Access Subscriber System) Detail

Access to 256 subscribers Time Division Multiple Access System Demand-Assignment and Pre-Assignment Offers wide service coverage (a radius as large as 300 km) Ease Expansion of Subsribers High Reliability Indoor and Outdoor Type Subcriber Radio Station Enhanced spectral efficiency using QPSK modulation A full range of services including telephone, data low- high-speed, Ease of Maintenance and Installation Max Capacity 60 CH(PCM) 2.4 GHz Frequency Band Cover Area 25 KM

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DRMASSDRMASS

Interface 2 Wire input 0 dBr 4 Wire (300-3400 Hz) v.24 (Data Low Speed) [2400 - 9600 bps] v.35 (Data High Speed) [64 Kbps] X.21(Data High Speed) [64-768 Kbps]

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DRMASSDRMASS

Antenna-Antenna Tower- 30 (เสื่าอากาศิสื่(ง เมตร ค#าต ดิต��งเสื่าพื้ร*อม

250,000 )ฐานราก บาท 6 เสื่าอากาศิต ดิต��งบนอาคารสื่(งไม#เก น เมตร( )ไม#ค ดิค#าต ดิต��ง

Base Station-Base Station- 3 ม,ต ดิต��งใชื่*งานอย์(# แห่#งดิ�งน,� สื่ถาน,ฐานบางร�ก สื่ถาน,ฐานคลองห่ลวิง สื่ถาน,ฐานบ*านกลาง

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ระบบจานสื่าย์อากาศิ DRMASS

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(JRC Model JUL-255 Series) Subscriber

Station

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ล(กค*าระบบ DRMASS สื่ถาน,ฐาน บางร�ก

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TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access )TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access )

• 10 .5 GHZ band and Point-to-multipoint10 .5 GHZ band and Point-to-multipoint

• Broadband IP and Leased Line ConnectionBroadband IP and Leased Line Connection

• Broadbamd State-of-Art Design of EquipmentBroadbamd State-of-Art Design of Equipment

• Quick amd Easy InstallationQuick amd Easy Installation

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TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access )TDMA (Time Division Multiplex Access )

MODEM

MODEM

MODEM

MODEM

MODEM

MODEM

RF

RF

RF

RF

RF

RF

RF

RMODEM INFRF

IDU R

RF

RMODEM INFRF

IDU R

60

60

V35

V11

10.5 GHz Band5Mbps x 6 P-MP

10/ 100Base

E1

BS (Base Station)

SS (Subscriber Station)

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SpecificationsSpecifications

Item SystemRF frequency Band 10.50 – 10.68 GHz

Multiple Access Scheme TDM-TDMA/FDDModulation Method QPSK / (16QAM)

Data (Payload) Speed 10 Mbps / (20 Mbps)RF Bandwidth 7 MHz / Carrier

Link Distance (at ber = 1x10-3) < 10 KmMaximum Throughput 10 Mbps (20 Mbps) / SS

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TDMATDMA (Product) (Product)

Central StationCentral Station

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TDMATDMA (Product) (Product)

RepeaterRepeater

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Radio Relay Systems

Microwave System

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Why Microwave Radio Systems ?Why Microwave Radio Systems ?– High economic efficiencyHigh economic efficiency

– Rapid implementation without cable installationRapid implementation without cable installation

– Very high level of system availability (> 99.99%)Very high level of system availability (> 99.99%)

– Full SDH compatibility, transparent data transmissionFull SDH compatibility, transparent data transmission

– Expandable transmission capacityExpandable transmission capacity

– Universal application:Universal application:

• SDH ring networks (trunk or regional network)SDH ring networks (trunk or regional network)

• Fixed networks for GSM operatorsFixed networks for GSM operators

• TV distribution networksTV distribution networks

– Integrated protection switching up to 14+2 or 1+1 hot Integrated protection switching up to 14+2 or 1+1 hot standby for improved transmission qualitystandby for improved transmission quality

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The Microwave Link• Can be a single “hop” of 1 mile or less• Can be a backbone system covering over 1000

miles, with multiple hops – Usually 20-40 miles/hop over flat terrain for the 2-8-

GHz range

– Mountain to mountain can reach 120 miles

• Up to the late ’80’s, microwave was still the most popular countrywide backbone system (now fiber)

• Microwave is “line-of-sight”– Atmosphere can bend microwave

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The Microwave Link• Microwave frequencies commonly used

are between 2 GHz and 38GHz

• Antennas:– Microwave usually use parabolic type

• Sometimes horn type

– Both are highly directional– Beam is concentrated in a way similar to a

telescope(receiver) and flashlight (transmitter)

• Microwaves follow most of the rules of optics

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The Microwave Link• Performance:

– Cannot predict exact outage time, but statistically-derived averages are available

– 99% sounds good, but it means 14 min. per day

– In a digital system, 99% would be devastating

– Most common carriers design radio systems for 99.999%

• Even this causes 26 sec./month: bad for data• More important to control the # of outages

rather than the total time (distribution)

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Classical DesignClassical Design

Channele.g. 2 Mbit/s155 Mbit/s

MDModulator

DMDemodulator

RXReceiver

BB = BasisbandDS = Data signal

IF =Intermediate Frequencye.g. 140 MHz

RF = Radio frequencye.g. 7,5 GHz, 18,7GHzTX

Transmitter

Circulator, filterwaveguide

Channele.g. 2 Mbit/s155 Mbit/s

Circulator, filterwaveguide

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Classical DesignClassical Design

Transmit side

Channel 3

Channel 2

Channel 1

TXMDChannel 1

TXMDChannel 2

TXMDChannel 3

DM

DM

DM

RX

RX

RX

Waveguide

CBNCBNTXMD

DMRX

RXDMChannel 3 Channel 1MDTX

Transmit side Receive side

Receive side

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Frequency PatternsFrequency Patterns– Basic designBasic design

– Example: 8 RF channels Example: 8 RF channels

– Differences depending on frequency range Differences depending on frequency range

– Compliance with ITUCompliance with ITU

f1f1af1

f1af2

f2af2

f2af4

f4af4

f4af3

f3af3

f3af1`f1bf1`f1b

f2`f2bf2`f2b

f4`f4bf4`f4b

f3`f3bf3`f3b

Duplex spacing

Channelwidth

Channel spacing

Lower side-band Upper side-band

Allocated frequency range

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems• Rack Configuration 1+1 Hot-Stand-By

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Power Box

Main

DivH

V

Rack 2200x600x300

• Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (3+1)Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (3+1)

Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems• Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (7+1)Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (7+1)

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems• Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (14+2)Rack Configuration N+1/N+2 (14+2)

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems• Rack Configuration 7+1 without XPICRack Configuration 7+1 without XPIC

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

VER

HOR

HOR VER

OHA-Unit #1

BOSCH

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Long Haul SDH Radio SystemsLong Haul SDH Radio Systems

• Rack Configuration 14+2 with XPICRack Configuration 14+2 with XPIC

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

Rx#1

Modem / RPS Unit #1

RD#1

Rx#2

RD#2

Rx#3

RD#3

Rx#4

RD#4

Tx#1

Tx#2

Tx#3

Tx#4

Modem / RPS Unit #2

BOSCH

HOR

VER

VERVERHOR HOR

OHA-Unit #1

BOSCH

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Microwave Radio SystemsMicrowave Radio Systems

STM-4

622,08 Mbit/s

Long and

short haul systems

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STM-4 Transmission via RadioSTM-4 Transmission via Radio• Transparent STM-4 transmission with DPU STM-4Transparent STM-4 transmission with DPU STM-4

original MSOH new MSOH

WASTE

original MSOH original MSOH

STM-4 opticMD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

DPU TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

STM-4 opticDPUTX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

STM-4 opticTX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

MUX TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

TX/RX

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

MD/DM

STM-4 opticMUX

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STM-4 Transmission via RadioSTM-4 Transmission via Radio

Overhead Access Unitfor TMN interface andservice/wayside channels

Fuses, power distributor

SDH multiplexer MS1/4

Data processing Unit STM-4

Up to four Rx with orwithout space diversityextension

Channel branchingnetwork

Up to four Tx

Modem Unit for two STM-1data streams with XPIC

Modem Unit for two STM-1data streams with XPIC and with RPS-C

• System Example for Long Haul ApplicationsSystem Example for Long Haul Applications

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Microwave Radio SystemsMicrowave Radio Systems

•Antennas

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Antenna PortfolioAntenna Portfolio

Parabolic antennas 0.6 ....3.7 m

Shell antennas 2 , 3 and 4 m

Integratedantennas 0.3...0.6 m

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WaveguidesWaveguides

ALFORMALFORM

Twistable

Bendable E,H

up to 200 m

3...30 GHz

FLEXWELLFLEXWELL

Bendable E,H

up to 200 m

3...24 GHz

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Integrated Network Management - NSUIntegrated Network Management - NSU

• Radio Relay ManagementRadio Relay Management

• Generic representation

• Comprehensive element management

• Display of diversity status

• Display of standby components

Features:

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Satellite Communication

• a microwave relay station in space

• can relay signals over long distances

• geostationary satellites – remain above the equator at a height of 22,300

miles (geosynchronous orbit)– travel around the earth in exactly the time the

earth takes to rotate

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Satellite-Related Terms• Earth Stations – antenna systems on or

near earth

• Uplink – transmission from an earth station to a satellite

• Downlink – transmission from a satellite to an earth station

• Transponder – electronics in the satellite that convert uplink signals to downlink signals

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Satellite Transmission Links

• earth stations communicate by sending signals to the satellite on an uplink

• the satellite then repeats those signals on a downlink

• the broadcast nature of the downlink makes it attractive for services such as the distribution of television programming

• Line-of-sight microwave communication using satellite

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dish dish

uplink station downlink station

satellitetransponder

22,280 miles

Satellite Transmission Process

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• To ensure constant communication, the satellite must move at the same speed as the earth

• Only one orbit can be geosynchronous

• Three satellites are required to provide full global transmission

Geosynchronous Orbit

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Geosynchronous orbit satellites

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Principal Satellite Transmission Bands

• C band: 4(downlink) - 6(uplink) GHz– the first to be designated

• Ku band: 12(downlink) -14(uplink) GHz– rain interference is the major problem

• Ka band: 19(downlink) - 29(uplink) GHz– equipment needed to use the band is still very

expensive

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Frequency Bands Available for Satellite Communications

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Satellite Transmission Applications

• television distribution– a network provides programming from a central

location– direct broadcast satellite (DBS)

• long-distance telephone transmission– high-usage international trunks

• private business networks

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Satellite Disadvantages• high initial cost

• susceptible to noise and interference

• propagation delay

Satellite Advantages• can reach a large geographical area

• high bandwidth

• cheaper over long distances

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Satellite Antenna

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Satellite Transmission Applications

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Free Space Laser Communications

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Introduction• Free space laser communications

– a.k.a. Free Space Optics, Optical Wireless

• Basically a laser and a telescope

• Most are protocol independent

• Typical range < 4 km (.5, 1, 2, 4, 8km)

• Typical bandwidths: 10, 100, 1000 Mbps

– Lucent 10 Gbps DWDM (TeraBeam)

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Key Features of Free Space Optic

• High speed transmission up to 622Mbps

• High reliable transmission

• No frequency allocation/license required

• Affordable price and low cost of ownership

• Easy management with CMS (Canon Management Software)

• Available for SNMP (Option)

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Transmitters• LED (single or multiple)

– 1 mW typical• Laser (single or multiple)

– 10-20 mW typical, up to 100 mW• Usually 785 or 850 nm, some 1310 nm• Eye safety limit: 1.5 mW/cm^2 at 785 nm• Multiple transmitters boost power, may

also reduce scintillation fades

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Detectors•PIN Diodes -43 dBm typical

•Avalanche Photo Diodes (APD)-53 dBm typical (also greater dynamic range)

•Single or multiple detectors

•Larger aperture increases receive power, reduces scintillation fades

•Design goal: BER < 10^-9 typical

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Free Space Optical (Application)Free Space Optical (Application)

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Free Space Optical (Application)Free Space Optical (Application)

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Free Space Optical (Application)Free Space Optical (Application)

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Free Space Optical (Product)Free Space Optical (Product)

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Free Space Optical (Product)Free Space Optical (Product)

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ฝ่�าย์สื่อสื่�ญญาณภาคพื้�นดิ น โทรศิ�พื้ท� : 2272EMAIL : arom01th@yahoo.com