Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I English (3300002) Active Passive Prepared by I M KHAN...

Active English Diploma Engineering Sem I

English (3300002)

Active Passive

Prepared by I M KHAN

(Asst. Prof. in English)Om Engineering College, Junagadh.

www.imkeng.wordpress.com

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Active / Passive• Active (કર્ત� રી�)Action done by the subject

• Passive (કર્મ�ણી�)Action done by the object

Exampleસુથા�રી ખુ રીશી� બના�વે� છે� . (કર્ત� રી�) ખુ રીશી� સુ થા�રી દ્વા�રી� બના� છે� (કર્મ�ણી�)

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Please Remember

1. Identify the tense of a sentence from a verb

Example:

I write a letter

I wrote a letter

I shall write a letter

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Please Remember

2. Identify the Subject of the sentence

Example:

I write a letter.

who writes a letter?

The answer is “I”, so it’s a subject…

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Please Remember

3. Identify the object in the sentence

Example:

I write a letter

what do you / I write?

The answer is ‘a letter’, so it’s the object….

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Keys

• Verb shows you the tense of the sentence

• ‘who does an action?’ gives you the subject /

doer of the action

• ‘What’ is being acted upon?’ gives you the

object of the sentence.

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Tenses & Syntax of AV & PV

Simple (Present / Past / Future)• AV: S + V + Ob• PV: Ob + to be + V3 + by + Sub.

Progreesive (Present / Past)• AV: S + to be + V4 + Ob• PV: Ob + to be + being + V3 + by + Sub.

Perfect (Present / Past / Future)• AV: S + to have + V3 + Ob• PV: Ob + to have + been + V3 + by + Sub.

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Verb Forms

To be

Present:am / is / are

Past:

was / wereFuture

will be / shall be

To have

Present:

have / hasPast:

hadFuture

will have / shall have

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Verb Form Table

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Tense To be To have

Presentamis

are

havehas

Past waswere had

Future will be shall be

will have shall have

1. If the AV sentence is SIMPLE (Present / Past / Future)

• AV object will become PV subject

• Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK

• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come

• ‘by’ as conjunction will come

• AV subject will become PV object

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Simple Present

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

am / is / are + V3 of RV

am / is / are + V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They speak English

Simple Past

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

was/ were+ V3 of RVwas/ were+ V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They spoke English

Simple Future

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

will be / shall be + V3 of RV

will be / shall be + V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They will speak English

1. If the AV sentence is Progressive (Present / Past)

• AV object will become PV subject

• Appropriate verb of ‘to be’ will come CLICK

• ‘being’ will come after ‘to be’ verb

• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come

• ‘by’ as conjunction will come

• AV subject will become PV object

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Progressive Present

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

am / is / are + being +V3 of RV

am / is / are + being +V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They are speaking English

Progressive Past

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

was / were + being +V3 of RV

was / were + being +V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They were speaking English

1. If the AV sentence is Perfect (Present / Past / Future)

• AV object will become PV subject

• Appropriate verb of ‘to have’ will come CLICK

• ‘been’ will come after ‘to be’ verb

• Past participle (V3) of root verb will come

• ‘by’ as conjunction will come

• AV subject will become PV object

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Perfect Present

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

have / has + been +V3 of RV

have / has + been +V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They have spoken English

Perfect Past

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

had + been +V3 of RV

had + been +V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They had spoken English

Perfect Future

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Subject Subject Action VerbAction Verb ObjectObject

will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV

will have / shall have + been + V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

They will have spoken English

How will pronouns change?

Active • I• We• You• They• He• She• It

Passive • by me• by us• by you• by them• by him• by her• by it

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Modal Auxiliaries will be changes as below

• Can• Could• May• Might• Shall• Should • Will • Would • Must• Has to / have to

• Can be• Could be• May be• Might be• Shall be• Should be • Will be• Would be• Must be• Has to be / have to be

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Modal Auxuliaries

I can write a letter

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To be + V3 of RV

To be + V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

Modal Auxuliaries

We have to follow rules

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To be + V3 of RV

To be + V3 of RV

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

‘by’ + AV subject will become PV object

AV object will become PV subject

AV object will become PV subject

Transitive & Intransitive Verb

• Verb with ‘object’ is a transitive verb.• Verb that has no object is intransitive verb

Example• He draws a picture. (transitive)What does he draw?, ‘a picture’, so it’s an object

• Birds fly (intransitive) This verb ‘fly’ has no object so it’s intransitive

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Intransitive Sentences cannot come to passive form

Sentences without objects

1. I am going to school.

2. Birds fly in the sky

3. They are coming today

4. He is going at 5 PM

Underlined words are not object

1. Adverbial of place

2. Adverbial of place

3. Adverbial of frequency

4. Adverbial of time

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Sentence with more than one object

Sentence may have more than one object. In such cases, it can be turned into passive voice in two ways using two objects each time.

ExampleI wrote a letter to my mother.First object : a letterSecond object : my mother

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More than one object

I wrote a letter to my mother.

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1. They may ban the film.2. We corrected the mistakes.3. Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.4. A mechanic is repairing my car.5. I have written a letter to the Vice President of

the Company.6. Manners reveal character.7. Do you expect good result?

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WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

They may ban the filmThe film

may be banned by them

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ObjectSubject

We corrected the mistakes.The mistakes were corrected

by us31

ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

Someone had stolen Narayan’s passport.Narayan’s pasport

had been stolen by someone

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ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

A mechanic is repairing my car.My car

is being repaired by a mechanic

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ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.

A letter has been written

to the vice president of the

companyby me

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ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

I have written a letter to

the Vice President of the Company.

The vice president of the company

has been written a letter

by me

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ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

Manners reveal character.Character is revealed

by manners36

ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

Do you expect good result?Is good result expected

by you?

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ObjectSubject

WINTER 2012 (05-01-2013) Q.5 (a)

1. The monkeys threw stones at the dogs2. The policeman will catch the thieves soon.3. The students are writing their papers now.4. He has forgotten a speech now.5. The clerk did not give him proper

information.6. My uncle was driving a car at that time.7. He can secure the first position in the college.

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

The monkeys threw stones at the dogsStones

were thrown at the dogs by the monkeys

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

The policeman will catch the thieves soon.The thieves

will soon be caught by the policeman

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

The students are writing their papers now.

Students’ papersare now being written

by them.

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

He has forgotten a speech now.

A speechhas now been forgotten

by him

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

The clerk did not give him proper information.

He was not given proper information

by the clerk

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

The clerk did not give him proper information.

Proper informationwas not given to him

by the clerk

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

My uncle was driving a car at that time.

A car was being driven at that time

by my uncle

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

He can secure the first position in the college.

The first position in the college can be secured

by him.

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SUMMER 2013 05-06-2013 Q. 4 (c)

ObjectSubject

1. Valmiki wrote the Ramayana. 2. He has published the book recently. 3. She is making tea. 4. They will open a new shop shortly. 5. He can repair this machine. 6. We should help the poor. 7. Rama is reading a story.

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

Valmiki wrote the Ramayana.

The Ramayanawas written

by Valmiki

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

He has published the book recently.

The book has recently been published

by him

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

She is making tea.

Tea is being made

by her

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

They will open a new shop shortly.

A new shop will shortly be opened by them

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

He can repair this machine.

This machine can be repaired

by him.

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

We should help the poor.

The poor should be helped

by us

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

Rama is reading a story.

A story is being read

by Rama

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SUMMER 2014 13-06-2014 Q.4 (c)

ObjectSubject

Active English (page no. 51 to 52)

• The book is written by him.

• He was writing a book.• Himanshu was praised by

his teacher.• Somebody has given him

a gift.• The police will catch the

criminal soon.

• He writes the book.• A book was being written

by him.• Himanshu’s teacher

praised him.• A gift has been given to

him by somebody.• The criminal will soon be

caught by the police.

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Active English (page no. 52)

• Hema can make a cake.• She is invited to the

party.• He will be called for an

interview.• Kalpesh had finished his

homework before you went to his house.

• They are playing cricket in the ground.

• A cake can be made by Hema.

• They invite her to the party.

• The company will call him for an interview.

• Kalpesh’s homework had been finished by him before you went to his house.

• Cricket is being played by them in the ground.

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Active English (page no. 52)

• Columbus discovered America.

• The children are playing cricket in the garden now.

• I have written a letter to the Vice President of the Company.

• Police catch thieves.• I was buying a doll for my

daughter when you called me.

• America was discovered by Columbus.

• Cricket is now being played by the children in the garden.

• A letter has been written by me to the Vice President of the Company.

• Thieves are caught by police.

• A doll was being bought by me when I was called by you.

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Active English (page no. 52)• You should open the

door as we feel suffocated here.

• She will cook the food for the guests next Sunday.

• I had discovered new places in Goa before any one reached there

• Manners reveal character.

• They refused admission to Rajat.

• The door should be opened by you as we feel suffocated here.

• The food will be cooked by her for the guests next Sunday.

• New places had been discovered by me in Goa before any one reached there.

• Character is revealed by manners.

• Rajat was refused admission by them.

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Active English (page no. 53)

• I expect a good result.• The girl has given a

brilliant performance on the stage.

• Sachin hit eight sixes in the last ODI match.

• He can secure the first position in the exam.

• I am not reading a book right now.

• A good result is expected by me.

• A brilliant performance has been given on the stage by the girl.

• Eight sixes were hit in the last ODI match by Sachin.

• The first position can be secured by him in the exam.

• A book is not being read now by me.

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