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8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
1/12
Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 41
4v;k;4
fdlh vkink osQ le; [kk| lqj{kk oSQls izHkkfor gksrh
gS\fdlh izkfrd vkink tSls] lw[ks osQ dkj.k [kk|kUudh oqQy mit esa fxjkoV vkrh gSA blls izHkkfor {ks=k esa
[kk| dh deh gks tkrh gSA [kk| dh deh osQ dkj.k dhersa
c
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
2/12
42 vFkZ'kkL=k
vkb, ppkZ djsa
oqQN yksxksadk dguk gSfd caxky dk vdky pkoy dh deh osQ dkj.k gqvk FkkA lkj.kh 4-1 dk v;;u djsavkSjcrk,fd D;k vki bl dFku lslger gSa\
fdl o"kZ esa [kk| miyCkrk esaHkkjh deh gqbZ\
D;k vkidksekywwe gS fd caxky osQ vdky lslcls
vfkd dkSu yksx Hkkfor gq,\ pkoy dh dherksa esa
Hkkjh o`f ls [ksfrgj eknwj] eNqvkjs] ifjogudehZvkSj vU; vfu;fer Jfed lclsvfkd izHkkfor
gq,A bl vdky esa lclsvfkd ogh ejsA
o"kZ mRiknu vk;kr fu;kZr oqQy miyCkrk(yk[k Vu) (yk[k Vu) (yk[k Vu) (yk[k Vu)
1938 85 & & 851939 79 04 & 83
1940 82 03 & 85
1941 68 02 & 70
1942 93 & 01 92
1943 76 03 & 79
lzk sr %lsu] ,-osQ-] 1983] i`"B 61 (ns[ksa bl v;k; dk ^lanHkZ*)
lkj.kh 4-1 %caxky kar esapkoy dh mit
vdky osQ nkSjku cM+siSekusij ekSrsa gksrh gSatksHkq[kejh
rFkk foo'k gksdj nwf"kr ty ;k lM+sHkkstu osQ iz;ksx ls
iSQyusokyh egkekfj;ksarFkk Hkq[kejh lsmRi dekksjh lsjksxksaosQ izfr 'kjhj dh izfrjkskh {kerk esafxjkoV osQ dkj.k gksrh gSA
Hkkjr esatkslclsHk;kud vdky iM+k Fkk] og 1943
dk caxky dk vdky FkkA bl vdky esaHkkjr osQ caxky izkar
esa rhl yk[k yksx ekjs x, FksA
fp=k 4-1 %jkgr oasQnzij Hkq[kejh lsihfM+r yksx] 1945 fp=k 4-2 %1943 osQ caxky osQ vdky osQ nkSjku iwohZcaxky osQpVxko fkys esaxko NksM+dj tkrk gqvk ,d ifjokjA
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
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Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 43
Hkkjr esacaxky tSlk vdky iqu% dHkh ughaiM+kA ysfdu
;g prk dk fo"k; gSfd vkt Hkh mM+hlk esadkykgkaMh rFkk
dk'khiqj tSlsLFkku gSa] tgkvdky tSlh n'kk,vusd o"kksls
cuh gqbZgSa vkSj ,slh Hkh lwpuk feyh gSfd ogkHkw[k osQ
dkj.k oqQN yksxksadh eR;qHkh gqbZ gSA gky osQ oqQN o"kks esa
jktLFkku osQ ckju fkys] >kj[kaM osQ ikykew fkys rFkk vU;
lqnwjorhZ{ks=kksaesa Hkw[k osQ dkj.k yksxksadh e`R;qdh lwpuk
feyh gSA vr% fdlh Hkh ns'k esa [kk| lqj{kk vko';d gksrh
gSrkfd lnSo [kk| dh miyCkrk lqfuf'pr dh tk losQA
[kk|&vlqjf{kr dkSu gSa\
;|fi Hkkjr esayksxksadk ,d cM+k oxZ[kk| ,oa iks"k.k dh
n`f"V lsvlqjf{kr gS] ijarqblls lokZfkd Hkkfor oxks esa
fuEufyf[kr 'kkfey gSa % Hkwfeghu tksFkksM+h cgqr vFkok ux.;Hkwfe ij fuHkZj gSa] ikjaifjd nLrdkj] ikjaifjd lsok,nku
djusokysyksx] viuk NksVk&eksVk dke djusokysdkexkj
vkSj fujkfJr rFkk fHk[kkjhA 'kgjh {ks=kksaesa[kk| dh nf"V ls
vlqjf{kr os ifjokj gSa ftuosQ dkedkth lnL; k;% de
osru okysO;olk;ksavkSj vfu;r Je&ckkkj esadke djrsgaSA
;sdkexkj vfkdrj ekSleh dk;ksesayxsgSavkSj mudksbruh
de eknwjh nh tkrh gSfd os ek=k thfor jg ldrs gSaA
lq>k, x, dk;Z
(d)fp=k 4-1 esavki D;k ns[krs gSa\
([k)igysfp=k esadkSu lk vk;qoxZfn[k jgk gS\(x) D;k vki dg ldrs gSa fd fp=k 4-2 esa fn[kk;k x;kifjokj xjhc gS\ D;ksa\
(?k) D;k vki vdky iM+uslsigys(nksuksa fp=kksaesafn[kk,x,) yksxksadh thfodk osQ lzksr osQ ckjsesavuqeku yxkldrs gSa\ (xko osQ lanHkZesa)
()Kkr djsafd fdlh jkgr f'kfoj esaizkfrd vkink osQihfM+rksadksfdl rjg dh enn nh tkrh gSA
(p) D;k vkius bl rjg osQ ihfM+rksadh dHkh (ku] [kk|]
diM+kass] nokvksavkfn osQ :i esa) lgk;rk dh gS\
ifj;kstuk dk;Z % Hkkjr esavdky lacakh vkSjlwpuk,,d=k djsaA
jkewdh dgkuh
jkewjk;iqj xko esaf"k {ks=kd esa ,d vfu;r [ksfrgj
eknwj osQ :i esadke djrk gSA mldk lclscM+k csVklksewnl o"kZ dk gSA og Hkh xko osQ ljiap lriky
lg osQ i'kqvksadh ns[kHkky djusokys ikyh osQ :i
esa dke djrk gSA lksewljiap osQ ;gkiwjs o"kZdke
djrk gS vkSj mls bl dke osQ fy, flI+kZQ ,d gkkj
#i;s feyrsgaSA jkewosQ rhu vkSj csVs vkSj nks csfV;kgSa]
ysfdu os vHkh cgqr de mezosQ gSa vkSj os[ksr esa
dke ughadj ldrsA jkew dh iRuh lqugjh Hkh i'kqvksa
dh lI+kQkbZdjusvkSj xkscj gVkusdk dke (va'kdkfyd)
djrh gSA mls vius jkskkuk dke osQ cnys vkkk
yhVj nwk vkSj lfCk;ksa osQ lkFk oqQN idk [kkuk
feyrk gSA blosQ vykok O;Lr ekSle esaog viusifr
osQ lkFk fey dj [ksrh esa dke djrh gSvkSj mudh
vkenuh c
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
4/12
44 vFkZ'kkL=k
vkb, ppkZ djsa
f"k ,d ekSleh f;k D;ksagS\
jkewo"kZosQ yxHkx pkj eghus csjkskxkj D;ksa jgrk gS\ tc jkew csjkskxkj gksrk gS] rks og D;k djrk gS\
jkewosQ ifjokj esaiwjd vk; dkSu nku djrk gS\
dksbZHkh dke ikusesavleFkZ gksus ij] jkewdksdfBukbZ
D;ksa gksrh gS\
jkew[kk| dh n`f"V ls dc vlqjf{kr gksrk gSSS\
vgen caxyksj esafjD'kk pykrk gSA og viusrhu Hkkb;ksa]nkscguksavkSj cwqejh ryS;k lsvk;kgSA og ,d >qXxh esajgrk gSA mlosQ ifjokj osQ leLrlnL;ksadk ikyu&iks"k.k fjD'kk pykusls gksusokyhmldh frfnu dh vk; ij fuHkZj gSA cgjgky] mldkjkskxkj lqjf{kr ughagSvkSj mldh vk; frfnu ?kVrh&ckj[kaM] mM+hlk] if'pe caxky] Nkhlx
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
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Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 45
dkj.k nh?kZdkfyd Hkq[kejh lsxzLr gksrsgSaA ekSleh Hkq[kejh
iQly mitkus vkSj dkVusosQ p lslac gSA ;g xzkeh.k
{ks=kksadh f"k f;kvksadh ekSleh izfr osQ dkj.k rFkkuxjh; {ks=kksaesavfu;fer Je osQ dkj.k gksrh gSA tSls] cjlkr
osQ ekSle esavfu;r fuekZ.k Jfed dksde dke jgrk gSA
bl rjg dh Hkq[kejh rc gksrh gS] tc dksbZO;fDr iwjso"kZ
dke ikus esav{ke jgrk gSA
lkj.kh 4-2 eas fn[kk;k x;k gS fd Hkkjr esa ekSleh vkSj
lkFk gh nh?kZdkfyd Hkq[kejh osQ izfr'kr esafxjkoV vkbZgSA
Lora=krk osQ ckn [kk|kUuksaesavkRefuHkZj gksuk Hkkjr
dk y{; jgk gSA
Lora=krk osQ i'pkr~ Hkkjrh; uhfr&fuekZrkvksaus[kk|kUuksa
easvkRefuHkZjrk kIr djusosQ lHkh mik; fd,A Hkkjr usf"k
esa,d u;h j.kuhfr viukbZ] ftldh ifj.kfr gfjr kafr esagqbZ] fo'ks"kdj xsgwvkSj pkoy osQ mRiknu esaA
rRdkyhu izkkuea=kh bafnjk xkakh us tqykbZ] 1968 essa xsgw
kafr* 'kh"kZd ls ,d fo'ks"k Mkd fVdV tkjh dj f"k osQ
{ks=kd esa gfjr kafr dh izHkko'kkyh izxfr dks vkfkdkfjd
:i lsntZfd;kA xsgw dh liQyrk osQ ckn pkoy osQ {ks=k
esa bl liQyrk dh iqujko`fk gqbZA cgjgky] vukt dh mit
esa o`f lekuqikfrd ugha FkhA iatkc vkSj gfj;k.kk esa
lkj.kh 4-2 %Hkkjr esa^Hkq[kejh* lsxzLr ifjokjksadk izfr'kr
Hkq[kejh osQ izdkj
o"kZ ekSleh nh?kZdkfyd oqQy
xzkeh.k
1983 16-2 2-3 18-51993&94 4-2 0-9 5-11999&2000 2-6 0-7 3-3
'kgjh1983 5-6 0-8 6-41993&94 1-1 0-5 1-61999&2000 0-6 0-3 0-9
lzk sr %lkxj 2004] fo|k (ns[ksa bl v;k; dk ^lanHkZ*)
lokZfkd o`f&nj ntZdh xbZ] tgkvuktksadk mRiknu1964&65 osQ 72-3 yk[k Vu dh rqyuk esa c
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
6/12
46 vFkZ'kkL=k
lzk sr %vkfFkZd losZ{k.k 2004&05
vkjs[k 4-1 %Hkkjr esa vukt dh mit(djksM+ Vu)
cI+kQj LVkWd D;ksa cukrh gS\ ,slk deh okys {ks=kksa esavkSj
lekt osQ xjhc oxksesackkkj dher lsde dher ij vukt
osQ forj.k osQ fy, fd;k tkrk gSA bl dher dksfuxZe dher
Hkh dgrsgaSA ;g [kjkc ekSle esa;k fiQj vkink dky esavuktdh deh dh leL;k gy djusesaHkh enn djrk gSA
lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh D;k gS\
Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe }kjk vfkkIr vukt dksljdkj fofu;fer
jk'ku nqdkuksa osQ ek;e lslekt osQ xjhc oxks esaforfjr
djrh gSA blslkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (ih-Mh-,l-)dgrs
gSaA vc vfkdka'k {ks=kksa] xkoksa] dLcksa vkSj 'kgjksaesajk'ku dh
nqdkusagSaA ns'k Hkj esayxHkx 4-6 yk[k jk'ku dh nqdkusagSaA
jk'ku dh nqdkuksa esa] ftUgsamfpr nj okyh nqdkusadgk
tkrk gS] phuh [kk|kUu vkSj [kkuk idkus osQ fy, feh osQ
rsy dk HkaMkj gksrk gSA ;slc ckkkj dher lsde dher
ij yksxksa dkscspk tkrk gSA jk'ku dkMZ j[kusokyk dksbZHkh
ifjokj frekg budh ,d vuqcafkr ek=kk (tSls35 fdyksxzke
vukt] 5 yhVj feh dk rsy] 5 fdyksxzke phuh vkfn)
fudVorhZjk'ku dh nqdku ls[kjhn ldrk gSA
vkb, ppkZ djsa
vkjs[k 4-1 dk v;;u djsavkSj fuEufyf[kr 'uksaosQ mkj nsa %
gekjsns'k esa fdl o"kZ easvukt mRiknu 200 djksM+
Vu fro"kZ lsvfkd gqvk\
Hkkjr esa fdl n'kd esavukt mRiknu esa lokZfkd
n'kdh; o`f gqbZ\
D;k 2000&01 lsHkkjr esa mRiknu esa o`f LFkk;h gS\
cI+kQj LVkWd D;k gS\
cI+kQj LVkWd Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe(,I+kQ-lh-vkbZ-) osQ ek;e
lsljdkj }kjk vfkkIr vukt] xsgwvkSj pkoy dk HkaMkj gSA
Hkkjrh; [kk| fuxe vfk'ks"k mRiknu okys jkT;ksaesa fdlkukas
lsxsgwvkSj pkoy [kjhnrk gSA fdlkuksa dksmudh iQly osQ
fy, igysls?kksf"kr dhersanh tkrh gSaA bl ewY; dksU;wure
leFkr dherdgk tkrk gSA bu iQlyksaosQ mRiknu dks
ksRlkgu nsusosQ ms'; lscqvkbZosQ ekSle lsigysljdkj
U;wure leFkr dher dh ?kks"k.kk djrh gSA [kjhnsgq, vukt
[kk| HkaMkjksa esa j[kstkrsgSaA D;k vki tkursgSa fd ljdkj
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Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 47
fp=k 4-4
jk'ku dkMZrhu dkj osQ gksrsgSa % (d) fukZuksaesa Hkh
fukZu yksxksaosQ fy, vaR;ksn; dkMZ] ([k) fukZurk
js[kk lsuhpsosQ yksxksa osQ fy, ch ih ,y dkMZvkSj(x) vU; yksxksa osQ fy, , ih ,y dkMZA
lq>kbZxbZ f;k,
viusbykosQ dh jk'ku dh nqdku ij tk, vkSj ogkls
fuEufyf[kr C;kSjk kIr djsa %
1 jk'ku dh nqdku dc [kqyrh gS\
2 jk'ku dh nqdku ij dkSu&dkSu lh phksacsph tkrh gSa\
3 jk'ku dh nqdku osQ pkoy vkSj phuh (fukZjrk dh js[kklsuhpsokysifjokjksaosQ fy,) dh dher dh rqyuk
fdlh vU; fdjkusdh nqdku dh dherksalsdjsaA
irk yxk, %
1 D;k vkiosQ ikl jk'ku dkMZ gS\
2 bl jk'ku dkMZlsvkiosQ ifjokj usgky esa dkSu&lh
phk [kjhnh gS\
3 D;k mUgsa fdlh rjg dh leL;kvksadk lkeuk djuk
iM+rk gS\4 jk'ku dh nqdkusaD;ksak:jh gSa\
Hkkjr esa jk'ku O;oLFkk dh 'kq#vkr caxky osQ vdky
dh i`"BHkwfe esa 1940 osQ n'kd esa gqbZA gfjr kafr ls iwoZ
Hkkjh [kk| ladV osQ dkj.k 60 osQ n'kd osQ nkSjku jk'kuiz.kkyh iquthZfor dh xbZA xjhch osQ mPp Lrjksa dks ;ku
esa j[krs gq, 70 osQ n'kd osQ e; ,u-,l-,l-vks- dh
fjiksVZ osQ vuqlkj [kk| lacakh rhu egoiw.k Z var%{ksi
dk;Ze kjaHk fd, x,%lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh(tks
igys ls gh Fkh] ysfdu mls vkSj ekcwr fd;k x;k)]
,dhr cky fodkl lsok,(vkbZ-lh-Mh-,l-] tksk;ksfxd
vkkkj ij 1975 esa 'kq: dh xbZ) vkSjdke osQ cnys
vukt(,iQ-,iQ-MCY;w-]1977&78 esa izkjaHk)A bu o"kks esa
dbZ u, dk;Ze 'kq: fd, x, gSa vkSj dk;Zeksa dks pykus
osQ c
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
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48 vFkZ'kkL=k
jk"V h; dke osQ cnysvukt dk;Zejk"Vh; dke osQ cnys vukt dk;Ze 14] uoacj
2004 dks iwjd Je jkskxkj osQ l`tu dks rho z djusosQ ms'; ls ns'k osQ 150 lokZ fkd fiNM+s fkyksa esakjaHk fd;k x;k FkkA ;g dk;Ze mu leLr xzkeh.kxjhcksa osQ fy, gS] ftUgsa osru jkskxkj dh vko';drkgS vkSj tks voqQ'ky 'kkjhfjd Je djus osQ bPNqdgSaA bls 'kr&izfr'kr oasQn z }kjk k;ks ftr dk;Ze osQ:i esa ykxw fd;k x;k vkSj jkT;ksa dks fu%'kqYdvukt eqgS;k djk;k tkrk jgk gSA ftyk Lrj ijdyDVj 'kh"kZ vfkdkjh gS vkSj mu ij bl dk;Ze
dh ;kstuk cukus] dk;kZUo;u] leUo;u vkSj i;Zos{k.kdh ftEesnkjh gSA o"kZ 2004&05 esa bl dk;Ze osQfy, 20 yk[k Vu vukt osQ vfrfjDr 2] 020djksM+ #i;s fu;r fd, x, gS aA
lkj.kh 4-3 %lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dh oqQN egoiw.kZfo'ks"krk,
uksV %ch ih ,y% fuk Zurk js[kk ls uhps] , ih ,y % fukZurk j s[kk lsijAlzk sr %vkfFkZd losZ{k.k
forj.k iz.kkyh dksvfkd n{k vkSj vfkd yf{kr cukus osQ
fy, la'kksfkr fd;k x;kA 1992 esans'k osQ 1700 CykWdksaesa
la'kksfkr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (vkj ih Mh ,l) 'kq:
;kstuk dk vkjaHk dk o"kZ yf{kr lew g v|ru ek=kk fuxZe dherdke (#- -fd-)
lkoZtfud 1992 rd loZtuhu & xsgw & 2-34forj.k .kkyh pkoy & 2-89
la'kksfkr lkoZtfud 1992 fiNM+sCykWd 20 fd- xsgw & 2-80forj.k .kkyh [kk|kUu pkoy & 3-77
yf{kr lkoZtfud 1997 fukZu vkSj xSj&fukZu 35 fd- ch ih ,y xsgw & 2-50fooj.k .kkyh [kk|kUu pkoy & 3-50
, ih ,y xsgw & 4-50pkoy & 7-00
vaR;ksn; vUu 2000 fukZuksa esalcls fukZu 35 fd- xsgw & 2-00;kstuk [kk|kUu pkoy & 3-00
vUuiw.kkZ ;kstuk 2000 nhu ofj"B ukxfjd 10 fd- [kk|kUu fu%'kqYd
dh xbZA bldk y{; nwj&njkk vkSj fiNM+s{ks=kksaesalkoZtfud
forj.k iz.kkyh lsykHk igqpkuk FkkA twu 1997 ls lHkh {ks=kksa
esa xjhcksa* dksyf{kr djusosQ flkar dksviukus osQ fy,yf{kr lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh (Vh-ih-Mh-,l-) kjaHk oQh
xbZA ;g igyk ekSdk Fkk tc fukZuksavkSj xSj&fukZuksaosQ fy,
foHksnd dher uhfr viukbZxbZA blosQ vykok] 2000 esanks
fo'ks"k ;kstuk,vaR;ksn; vUu ;kstukvkSj vUuiw.kkZ;kstuk
kjaHk dh xbA ;s;kstuk,e'k% ^xjhcksaesa Hkh lokZfkd
xjhc* vkSj ^nhu ofj"B ukxfjd* lewgksaij yf{kr gSaA bu
nksuksa;kstukvksa dk lapkyu lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh osQ
orZeku usVooZQ ls tksM+ fn;k x;k gSA lkoZtfud forj.k
iz.kkyh dh oqQN egoiw.kZ fo'ks"krkvksadk lkjka'k lkj.kh 4-3
esa fn;k x;k gSA
bu o"kksosQ nkSjku lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh ewY;ksadks
fLFkj cukusvkSj lkeF;Zvuqlkj dherksaij miHkksDrkvksadks
[kk|kUu miyCk djkusdh ljdkj dh uhfr esalokZfkd
izHkkoh lkku fl gqbZgSA blusns'k osQ vukt dh vfk'ks"k {ks=kksa
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Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 49
lsdeh okys{ks=kksaeas[kk| iwfrZosQ ek;e lsvdky vkSj
Hkq[kejh dh O;kidrk dksjksdusesa,d egoiw.kZHkwfedk
fuHkkbZgSA blosQ vfrfjDr] vkerkSj ij fukZu ifjokjksaosQ i{k esadherksadk la'kksku gksrk jgk gSA U;wure lefFkZr dher vkSj
vfkkfIr us[kk|kUuksaosQ mRiknu dh o`f esa;ksxnku fn;k gS
rFkk oqQN {ks=kksaesafdlkuksadksvk; lqj{kk iznku dh gSA
rFkkfi lkoZtfud forj.k iz.kkyh dksvusd vkkkjksaij
dM+h vkykspuk dk lkeuk djuk iM+k gSA vuktksa lsBlkBl
HkjsvUu HkaMkjksaosQ ckotwn Hkq[kejh dh ?kVuk, gks jgh gSaA
,iQ-lh-vkbZ- osQ HkaMkj vukt ls HkjsgSaA dgha vukt lM+ jgk
gSarks oqQN LFkkuksaij pwgs vukt [kk jgsgSaA uhps fn;k x;k
vkjs[k 4-2 o"kZ2002 rd [kk|kUu osQ c
8/13/2019 Arth Vyavastha (4) -
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50 vFkZ'kkL=k
tqykbZ2002 esa ,iQ-lh-vkbZ- osQ ikl xsgwvkSj pkoy dk
HkaMkj 6-3 djksM+ Vu Fkk tks2-43 djksM+Vu osQ U;wure cI+kQj
izfreku lscgqr vfkd FkkA ljdkj }kjk 'kq: fd, x,fofHkUu jkgr dk;ks osQ dkj.k] 2002&03 esaHkaMkj de gks
x;k D;ksafd bl o"kZdks o"kkZu gksus osQ dkj.k lw[ks dk o"kZ
?kksf"kr dj fn;k x;kA ckn osQ o"kksesaHkaMkj esadeh vkbZA fiQj
Hkh ;g cI+kQj LVkWd frekuksa lsyxkrkj pk cuk jgkA
ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZ fofHkUu ;kstukvksa osQ vkhu
[kk|kUuksa osQ forj.k osQ }kjk fLFkfr esa lqkkj gqvkA vukt
forj.k lsgkykr lqkjsA bl ckr ij vke lgefr gSfd cI+kQj
LVkWd dk mPp Lrj csgn vokaNuh; gSvkSj ;g cckZnh Hkh
gSA fo'kky [kk| LVkWd dk HkaMkj.k cckZnh vkSj vukt dh
xq.kokk esa kl osQ vfrfjDr mPp j[k&j[kko ykxr osQ fy,
Hkh fkEesnkj gSA U;wure leFkr dher dks oqQN o"kZ osQ fy,
fLFkj j[kusij xaHkhjrk ls fopkj djuk pkfg,A
okr U;wure leFkr dher ij vukt dh vfkd
[kjhnkjh eq[k vukt mRiknd jkT;ksatSlsiatkc] gfj;k.kk vkSj
vkakz izns'k dh vksj lsMkysx, nckoksadk urhtk gSA blosQ
vykok] pwfd [kjhnkjh oqQN le {ks=kksa (iatkc] gfj;k.kk]
if'peh mkj izns'k] vkakzizns'k vkSj oqQN lhek rd if'pecaxky) esaeq[;r% nksiQlyksa&xsgwvkSj pkoy rd lhfer gS]
U;wure leFkr dher esao`f usfo'ks"kr;k [kk|kUuksaosQ vfk'ks"k
okysjkT;ksa osQ fdlkuksa dksviuh Hkwfe ij eksVsvuktksa dh
[ksrh lekIr dj kku vkSj xsgw mitkusosQ fy, izsfjr fd;k
gS] tcfd eksVsvukt xjhcksa dk izeq[k Hkkstu gSA kku dh
[ksrh osQ fy, l?ku lpkbZlsi;kZoj.k vkSj ty Lrj esa
fxjkoV Hkh vkbZgS] ftllsbu jkT;ksaesaf"kxr fodkl dks
cuk, j[kusesa [krjk iSnk gksx;k gSAU;wure lefFkZr dherksaosQ c
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Hkkjr esa[kk| lqj{kk 51
vkt vki tks rhu dkj osQ dkMZvkSj dherksadh k`a[kykns[krs gSa] igys ;g ughaFkhA cM+h la[;k esaifjokj jk'ku dhnqdkuksals vukt [kjhn ldrsFksA gk] mudk dksVk fuf'prFkkA buesafuEu vk; oxZosQ ifjokj 'kkfey Fks] ftudh vk;fukZurk js[k k ls uhps osQ ifjokj dh vk; ls FkksM+h ghvfkd FkhA vc rhu fHkUu dherksa okysVh-ih-Mh-,l- dhO;oLFkk esa fukZurk js[kk lsij okysfdlh Hkh ifjokj dksjk'ku nqdku ij cgqr de NwV feyrh gSA ,-ih-,y- ifjokjksaosQ fy, dhersayxHkx mruh gh ph gSa ftruh [kqysckkkjesa] blfy, jk'ku dh nqdku lsbu phkksadh [kjhnkjh osQfy, mudks cgqr de izksRlkgu izkIr gSA
lgdkjh lfefr;ksadh [kk| lqj{kk esa Hkwfedk
Hkkjr esa fo'ks"kdj ns'k osQ nf{k.kh vkSj if'peh Hkkxkssaesalgdkjh lfefr;kHkh [kk| lqj{kk esa,d egoiw.kZ HkwfedkfuHkk jgh gSaA lgdkjh lfefr;k fukZu yksxksadks [kk|kUu dhfch osQ fy, de dher okyh nqdkuas[kksyrh gaSA mnkgj.kkFkZ]rfeyukMqesa ftruh jk'ku dh nqdkusa gS] muesa ls djhc 94fr'kr lgdkjh lfefr;ksaosQ ek;e ls pykbZtk jgh gaSA
fnYyh esa enj Ms;jh miHkksDrkvksa dks fnYyh ljdkj }kjkfukkZfjr fu;af=kr njk sa ij nwk vkSj lfCk;k miyCk djkusesa rskh ls xfr dj jgh gSA xqtjkr esa nwk rFkk nqXk mRiknksaesa vewy ,d vkSj liQy lgdkjh lfefr dk mnkgj.k gSAblus ns'k esa 'osr kafr yk nh gSaA ns'k osQ fofHkUu Hkkxksa esadk;Zjr lgdkjh lfefr;ksa osQ vkSj vusd mnkgj.k gSa]ftUgksaus lekt osQ fofHkUu oxks osQ fy, [kk| lqj{kklqfuf'pr djkbZgSA
blh rjg] egkjk"V esa ,osQMeh vkiQ MsoyiesaV lkbal(,-Mh-,l-) us fofHkUu {ks=kksa esa vukt cSadksa dh LFkkiuk osQfy, xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa osQ usVooZQ esa lgk;rk dh gSA,-Mh-,l- xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa osQ fy, [kk| lqj{kk osQ
fo"k; esa izf'k{k.k vkSj {kerk fuekZ.k dk;Ze lapkfyrdjrh gSA vukt cSad vc khjs&khjs egkjk"V osQ fofHkUuHkkxksa esa [kqyrs tk jgs gSaA vukt cSadksa dh LFkkiuk]xSj&ljdkjh laxBuksa osQ ek;e ls mUg sa iSQykus vkSj [kk|lqj{kk ij ljdkj dh uhfr dks izHkkfor djus esa ,-Mh-,l-dh dksf'k'k jax yk jgh gSA ,-Mh-,l- vukt cSad dk;Zedks ,d liQy vkSj u, dkj osQ [kk| lqj{kk dk;Ze osQ:i esa Lohfr feyh gSA
lkjka'k
fdlh ns'k dh [kk| lqj{kk rc lqfuf'pr gksrh gS] tc mlosQ lHkh ukxfjdksadksiks"kd Hkkstu miyCk gksrk gSA lHkh
O;fDr;ksa osQ ikl Lohdk;Zxq.kokk osQ [kk| [kjhnus dh lkeF;Zgksrh gS vkSj Hkkstu rd igqpusesa dksbZ vojksk
ughagksrkA fukZurk js[kk lsuhps jg jgs yksx [kk| dh nf"V ls lnSo gh vlqjf{kr jg ldrs gaS] tcfd laiUu yksx
Hkh vkinkvksaosQ le; [kk| dh nf"V ls vlqjf{kr gksldrsgaSA ;|fi Hkkjr esa yksxksa dk ,d cM+k oxZ[kk| vkSj
iks"kd rRoksadh vlqj{kk ls xzLr gS] lclsvfkd Hkkfor lewg xzkeh.k {ks=kksaesaHkwfeghu vkSj xjhc ifjokj] cgqr
de osru okys dk;ks esayxsyksx vkSj 'kgjh {ks=kkas esaekSleh dk;ksesayxs vfu;r Jfed gSaA ns'k osQ oqQN {ks=kksa
esa[kk| dh n`f"V lsvlqjf{kr yksxksa dh cM+h la[;k rqyukRed :i lscgqr vfkd gStSls] vkFkd :i lsfiNM+sjkT;ksa esatgk cgqr vfkd xjhch gS] tutkfr;ksaokys o nwjLFk {ks=kksaesa vkSj ,sls{ks=kksa esatgkkfrd vkink,
vkrh jgrh gSaA lekt osQ lHkh oxksosQ fy, [kk| dh miyCkrk lqfuf'pr djusosQ fy, Hkkjr ljdkj uslkokkuhiwoZd
[kk| lqj{kk .kkyh rS;kj dh gS] ftlosQ nks?kVd gSa% (d) cI+kQj LVkWd vkSj ([k) lkoZtfud forj.k .kkyhA
lkoZtfud forj.k .kkyh osQ vfrfjDr dbZ fukZurk mUewyu dk;Ze Hkh 'kq: fd, x,] ftuesa [kk| lqj{kk dk
?kVd Hkh 'kkfey FkkA buesa ls oqQN dk;Ze gSa% ,dhr cky fodkl lsok,] dke osQ cnys vukt] nksigj dk
Hkkstu] vaR;ksn; vUu ;kstuk vkfnA [kk| lqj{kk miyCk djkus esa ljdkj dh Hkwfedk osQ vfrfjDr vusd lgdkjh
lfefr;k vkSj xSj&ljdkjh laxBu Hkh gaS] tks bl fn'kk esa rskh lsdke dj jgsgSSaA
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52 vFkZ'kkL=k
vH;kl
1- Hkkjr esa [kk| lqj{kk oSQls lqfuf'pr dh tkrh gS\
2- dkSu yksx [kk| vlqj{kk lsvfkd xzLr gks ldrsgSa\3- Hkkjr esa dkSu lsjkT; [kk| vlqj{kk ls vfkd xzLr gSa\4- D;k vki ekursgSa fd gfjr kafr usHkkjr dks[kk|kUu esavkRefuHkZj cuk fn;k gS\ oSQls\5- Hkkjr esa yksxksa dk ,d oxZvc Hkh [kk| ls oafpr gS\ O;k[;k dhft,A6- tc dksbZ vkink vkrh gSrks[kk| iwfrZ ij D;k Hkko gksrk gS\7- ekSleh Hkq[kejh vkSj nh?kZdkfyd Hkq[kejh esaHksn dhft,\8- xjhcksadks[kk| lqj{kk nsus osQ fy, ljdkj us D;k fd;k\ ljdkj dh vksj ls'kq: dh xbZfdUghanks
;kstukvksadh ppkZdhft,A9- ljdkj cI+kQj LVkWd D;ksa cukrh gS\10- fVIi.kh fy[ksa %
(d) U;wure leFkr dher([k) cI+kQj LVkWd(x) fuxZe dher(?k) mfpr nj dh nqdku
11- jk'ku dh nqdkuksa osQ lapkyu esa D;k leL;k, gSa\12- [kk| vkSj lacafkr oLrqvksa dks miyCk djkusesalgdkjh lfefr;ksadh Hkwfedk ij ,d fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
lanHkZ
nso] ,l- egsa] dkuu] osQ-ih- vkSj jkepau] uhjk (la-)] 2003] ^VqvkMZl , iQw M flD;ksj bafM;k% b';wk ,aMikWfylhk] baLVhP;wV iQkWj g~;weu MsoyisesaV] u;h fnYyhA
,iQ-,-vks- 1996] oYMZiwQM lfEeV1995] iwQM ,.M ,xzhdYpjy vkWxZukbts'ku] jkseA
vkFkd losZ{k.k 2002&03] 2003&04] 2004&05] fok ea=kky;] Hkkjr ljdkj] u;h fnYyhA
vkbZ-vkbZ-ih-,l- 2000] us'kuy gsYFk ,aM iSQeyh losZ&2]baVjus'kyu baLVhP;wV vkWiQ ikWiqys'ku lkbalsk] eqacbZA
lkxj] fo|k] 2004] I+kwQM flD;qfjVh bu bafM;k]isij tsaVsM bu ,-Mh-vkj-,iQ-&vkbZ-,iQ-vkj-vkbZ- I+kQkbuyehVx vkWu I+kwQM flD;qfjVh bu bafM;k] flracj 10&11] u;h fnYyhA
lDlsuk] ,u-lh-] 2004] lsusjtkbfkax xoZesaV ,iQVZ iQkWj I+kwQM flD;qfjVh]LokehukFku] ,e-,l- vkSj esMjkuks]iSMks] (la-) esa] VqokMZl gaxj izQh bafM;k] bZLV&osLV cqDl] psUubZA
lDlsuk] ,u-lh-] 2004] fjvkWxZukbkx ikWfylhk ,aM Msysojh iQkWj ,yhfo;sVx gaxj ,aM ekyU;wfV'ku]us'kuy iwQM flD;qfjVh lfEeV] u;h fnYyh esa izLrqr ipkZA
lsu] ,-osQ-] 1983] ikWoVhZ ,aM iSQel % ,u ,slsvkWu buVkbZVyeasV ,aM Msfos'ku] vkWDliQksMZ;wfuoflZVh slA
'kekZ] js[kk vkSj ehuk{kh] ts-oh-] 2004] ekbksU;wfV;saV fMfiQfl,Ulhk bu :jy MkbV~l]VqokMZl gaxj izQhbafM;k% izQkWe fotu Vw,D'ku] kslhMXl vkWiQ oaQlyVs'ku vkWu ^VqokMZl gaxj izQh bafM;k % dkmaV MkmuizQkWe 2007* u;h fnYyhA
;w-,u- 1975] fjiksVZvkWiQ n oYMZiwQM dkWUizsaQl 1975 (jkse)] ;wukbVsM us'kal] U;w;koZQA
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