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Object MenuComponent Component MenuBar MenuItem Menu CheckBoxMenuItem Button TextComponent TextArea TextField PopupMenu Canvas CheckBox Choice Container Label List ScrollBar Panel(FlowLayout) Window ScrollPane Dialog(BorderLayout) Frame (BorderLayout) Applet (FlowLayout)
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AWT 認識 AWT 容器與版面配置 事件處理 AWT 元件使用
認識 AWT GUI (graphical user interface) AWT(Abstract Window Toolkits) Package java.awt
Object
MenuComponent
Component
MenuBar
MenuItemMenu
CheckBoxMenuItemButton
TextComponentTextArea
TextField
PopupMenu
Canvas
CheckBox
Choice
Container
Label
List
ScrollBar
Panel(FlowLayout)
Window
ScrollPane
Dialog(BorderLayout)
Frame (BorderLayout)
Applet (FlowLayout)
Container 所有 AWT 元件 (Component) 都要裝在容器 (Container) 中 兩個主要且常用的 container
– java.awt.Frame– java.awt.Panel
Frame 繼承關係
建構子public Frame() throws HeadlessExceptionpublic Frame(GraphicsConfiguration gc)public Frame(String title) throws HeadlessExcept
ion
java.lang.Object
java.awt.Component
java.awt.Container
java.awt.Window
java.awt.Frame
Frame 類別常數
public static final int ICONIFIED public static final int MAXIMIZED_HORIZ public static final int MAXIMIZED_VERT public static final int MAXIMIZED_BOTH public static final int NORMAL
Frame 常用方法 Frame 常用方法
public String getTitle()public void setTitle(String title) public MenuBar getMenuBar() public void setMenuBar(MenuBar mb)public int getState() public void setState(int state) public boolean isResizable() public void setResizable(boolean resizable)
Window 常用方法 Window 常用方法
public boolean isShowing()public boolean isFocused()public void toFront()public void toBack()public void pack()
Container 常用方法 Container 常用方法
public Component add(Component comp)public void remove(Component comp)public void remove(int index)public void removeAll()public LayoutManager getLayout()public void setLayout(LayoutManager mgr)
Component 常用方法 Component 常用方法
public void setFont(Font f)public void setForeground(Color c) public void setBackground(Color c)public void setSize(int width, int height)public void setVisible(boolean b) public void setLocation(int x, int y)
Panel 繼承關係
建構子public Panel() public Panel(LayoutManager layout)
java.lang.Object
java.awt.Component
java.awt.Container
java.awt.Panel
版面配置 負責元件的相對位置 , 大小及長相 只有 container 的子類別可以使用 Layout 常用 Layput
– BorderLayout– FlowLayout– GridLayout– CardLayout– GridBagLayout
Flow Layout Flow Layout
– Default Layout manager of Panel, Applet– 每個元件大小為元件之 preferred size
– Resize
BorderLayout BorderLayout
– Default Layout manager of Window, Frame– 將 container 分為東 , 西 , 南 , 北 , 中 , 五個區域– 元件 preferred size南北 - preferred 高東西 - preferred 寬– 指定位置的常數BorderLayout.EAST,BorderLayout.WEST,BorderLayout.NORTH,BorderLayout.SOUTH,BorderLayout.CENTER
北
南
中西 東
(
(╭╮ ╭╮
BorderLayout Resize
– 南北 : 水平縮放– 東西 : 垂直縮放– 中 : 等比例縮放
Grid Layout Grid Layout
– 將 Container 分成 X*Y 的表格– 元件加入順序為先由左而右 , 再由上至下– 元件大小為表格的長與寬– Resize
Card Layout Card Layout
– 將元件視為一系列的卡片 , 一次顯示一張– 元件大小為 Container 的長與寬
#1 #2
GridBag Layout GridBag Layout
– 有彈性但複雜的版面配置方式– 每一元件可自訂長與寬– 元件可超出 Grid 的範圍
不使用 Layout Java 提供的 Layout Manager 無法滿足需求時
– 自行設計 Layout Manager:實作 LayoutManager 或 LayoutManager2
– 不使用 LayoutsetLayout(null)setSize()setLocation()
事件處理 Package java.awt.event 事件處理架構
– JDK 1.1 之後 :Delegation Model 委託模式– JDK 1.0:Hierarchical model
Hierarchical Model Base on containment
Delegation Model 三個角色
– 事件本身 (xxxEvent)– 事件產生來源 (component)– 事件處理者 ( 繼承 xxxAdapter, 實作 xxxListener)
委託addXXXListener()
取消委託removeXXXListener()
AWT Event 類別架構– Semantic event – Low level event
Semantic event .
Low Level event
Semantic event事件類別 產生事件的元件 產生事件的時機
ActionEvent Button 按鈕被按下List Double click List 中項目MenuItem 選取功能表項目TextField 按下 Enter 鍵
AdjustmentEvent Scrollbar 捲軸捲動ItemEvent Checkbox 狀態改變時
CheckboxMenuItem 勾選功能表選項Choice 選取下拉式選單中項目List 選取 List 項目
TextEvent TextField 文字內容改變TextArea 文字內容改變
High Level Event Behavior
事件類別 可使用的 Listener Listener中宣告MethodsAction ActionListener actionPerformed(ActionEvent)
Adjustment AdjustmentListener adjustmentValueChanged(AdjustmentEvent)
Item ItemListener itemStateChanged(ItemEvent)
Text TextListener textValueChanged(TextEvent)
事件類別 可使用的 Listener Listener中宣告MethodsMouse motion MouseMotionListener mouseDragged(MouseEvent)
mouseMoved(MouseEvent)Mouse button MouseListener mousePressed(MouseEvent)
mouseReleased(MouseEvent)mouseEntered(MouseEvent)mouseExited(MouseEvent)mouseClicked(MouseEvent)
Key KeyListener keyPressed(KeyEvent)keyReleased(KeyEvent)keyTyped(KeyEvent)
Focus FocusListener focusGained(FocusEvent)focusLost(FocusEvent)
Low level Event Behavior
事件類別 可使用的 Listener Listener中宣告MethodsWindow WindowListener windowClosing(WindowEvent)
windowOpened(WindowEvent)windowIconified(WindowEvent)windowDeiconified(WindowEvent)windowClosed(WindowEvent)windowActivated(WindowEvent)windowDeactivated(WindowEvent)
Component ComponentListener componentMoved(ComponentEvent)componentHidden(ComponentEvent)componentResized(ComponentEvent)componentShown(ComponentEvent)
Container ContainerListener componentAdded(ContainerEvent)componentRemoved(ContainerEvent)
Low level Event Behavior
Window Event事件方法 產生原因
windowActivated(WindowEvent) 變為前景視窗時windowDeactivated(WindowEvent) 變為背景視窗時windowIconified(WindowEvent) 視窗縮到最小windowDeiconified(WindowEvent) 視窗放到最大windowOpened(WindowEvent) 視窗打開時windowClosed(WindowEvent) 視窗關閉後windowClosing(WindowEvent) 正在關閉視窗時
Mouse Event事件方法 產生原因
mouseDragged(MouseEvent) 拖曳滑鼠mouseMoved(MouseEvent) 移動滑鼠mousePressed(MouseEvent) 按下滑鼠按鍵mouseReleased(MouseEvent) 放開滑鼠按鍵mouseEntered(MouseEvent) 滑鼠游標進入 Componen
tmouseExited(MouseEvent) 滑鼠游標離開 Componen
tmouseClicked(MouseEvent) 按一下滑鼠按鍵
Key Event事件方法 產生原因
keyPressed(KeyEvent) 按一下鍵盤按鍵keyReleased(KeyEvent) 放開鍵盤按鍵keyTyped(KeyEvent) 按一下可產生可見字元的按鍵
Other low-level event事件方法 產生原因
componentAdded(ContainerEvent) 有 component 加入componentRemoved(ContainerEvent) 有 component 移除
事件方法 產生原因focusGained(FocusEvent) 元件得到駐點focusLost(FocusEvent) 元件失去駐點
Listener vs. AdapterListener名稱 Adapter名稱
ActionListener 無AdjustmentListener 無ItemListener 無TextListener 無MouseListener MouseAdapterMouseMotionListener MouseMotionAdapterKeyListener KeyAdapterFocusListener FocusAdapterWindowListener WindowAdapterContainerListener ContainerAdapterComponentListener ComponentAdapter
AWT 元件 常用元件
– Button– Checkbox– Radio button (CheckboxGroup)– Choice– Canvas– Label– TextArea– TextField– List– Dialog
Button
Checkbox
Radio button
Choice
List
Label
Scrollbar
ScrollPane
TextField
TextArea
AWT 進階元件 常用元件
– Font– Color– Menu– Dialog– FileDialog
Font
Color
MenuMenuBar
MenuFile, Edit, Help
MenuItemNew, Save, Load, Exit
Dialog
FileDialog
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