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© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential Presentation_ID 1
Bab 4: Akses Jaringan
Pengantar Jaringan
Presentation_ID 2 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Bab 4: Tujuan
Siswa akan dapat mempelajari:
! Penjelasan bagaimana protokol physical layer dan dukungan layanan komunikasi data lintas jaringan.
! Membangun jaringan sederhana yang tepat.
! Penjelasan aturan data link layer yang mendukung komunikasi data lintas jaringan.
! Membandingkan teknik dan logika yang digunakan media access control di jaringan.
Presentation_ID 3 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Bab 4 4.1 Protokol Physical Layer 4.2 Media Jaringan 4.3 Protokol Data Link Layer 4.4 Media Access Control
4.5 ringkasan
Presentation_ID 4 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Getting it Connected Koneksi ke Jaringan
Presentation_ID 5 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Getting it Connected Koneksi ke Jaringan
Presentation_ID 6 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Getting it Connected Kartu Interface Jaringan
Koneksi ke Wireless LAN dengan rentang yang diperluas
Presentation_ID 7 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Physical Layer The Physical Layer
Presentation_ID 8 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Physical Layer Physical Layer Media
Presentation_ID 9 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Physical Layer Physical Layer Standards
Standard organization Networking Standards
ISO • ISO 8877: Resmi di adopsi konektor RJ (econtoh, RJ-11, RJ-45) • ISO 11801: Standar kabel jaringan yang sama dengan EIA/TIA 568.
EIA/TIA
• TIA-568-C: Standar kabel telekomunikasi, digunakan oleh hampir semua tipe data di jaringan, seperti: suara, video dan data jaringan lainnya.
• TIA-569-B: Standar Bangunan Komersial untuk persiapan dan ruang Telekomunikasi
• TIA-598-C: Pengkodean warna kabel Fiber optic • TIA-942: Standar Infrastruktur Telekomunikasi Data Center
ANSI • 568-C: RJ-45 pinoutsdibantu kembangkan dengan EIA/TIA
ITU-T • G.992: ADSL
IEEE • 802.3: Ethernet • 802.11: Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) • 802.15: Bluetooth
Presentation_ID 10 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Prinsif Dasar Physical Layer
Media Physical Components
Frame Encoding Technique
Signalling Method
Copper cable
• UTP • Coaxial • Connectors • NICs • Ports • Interfaces
• Manchester Encoding • Non-Return to Zero (NRZ)
techniques • 4B/5B codes are used with
Multi-Level Transition Level 3 (MLT-3) signaling
• 8B/10B • PAM5
• Changes in the electromagnetic field
• Intensity of the electromagnetic field
• Phase of the electromagnetic wave
Fiber Optic cable
• Single-mode Fiber • Multimode Fiber • Connectors • NICs • Interfaces • Lasers and LEDs • Photoreceptors
• Pulses of light • Wavelength multiplexing using
different colors
• A pulse equals 1. • No pulse is 0.
Wireless media
• Access Points • NICs • Radio • Antennae
• DSSS (direct-sequence spread-spectrum)
• OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing)
• Radio waves
Presentation_ID 11 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Bandwidth
Presentation_ID 12 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1 Throughput
Presentation_ID 13 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fundamental Principles of Layer 1
Types of Physical Media
Presentation_ID 14 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network Media
Kabel Tembaga
Presentation_ID 15 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Karakteristik Media Tembaga
Presentation_ID 16 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Media Tembaga
Shielded Twisted Pair (STP) cable Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cable
Coaxial cable
Presentation_ID 17 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) Cable
Presentation_ID 18 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP) Cable
Foil Shields
Braided or Foil Shield
Presentation_ID 19 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Coaxial Cable
Presentation_ID 20 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Copper Cabling
Pengamanan Media Tembaga
Presentation_ID 21 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Properti Kabel UTP
Presentation_ID 22 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Standar Kabel UTP
Presentation_ID 23 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Konektor UTP
Presentation_ID 24 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Tipe Kabel UTP
Presentation_ID 25 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Menguji Kabel UTP
Presentation_ID 26 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
UTP Cabling
Menguji Kabel UTP
Presentation_ID 27 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Properti Kabel Fiber Optic (Serat Kaca)
Presentation_ID 28 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Rancangan Media Kabel Fiber
Presentation_ID 29 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Tipe Media Fiber
Presentation_ID 30 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Konektor Media Fiber
Presentation_ID 31 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Menguji Kabel Fiber
Presentation_ID 32 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Fiber Optic Cabling
Fiber versus Copper Isu-isu Implementasi Media Tembaga Fibre-optic
Dukungan Bandwidth 10 Mbps – 10 Gbps 10 Mbps – 100 Gbps
Jarak Relatif Singkat (1 – 100 meter)
Relatif Tinggi (1 – 100,000 meter)
Ketahanan terhadap EMI dan RFI Rendah Tinggi
(Kebal sama sekali)
Ketahanan terhadap bahaya listrik Rendah Tinggi
(Kebal sama sekali)
Biaya Media dan Konector Lebih Rendah Lebih Tinggi
Kebutuhan Keahlian Instalasi Lebih Rendah Lebih Tinggi
Tindakan Pengamanan Lebih Rendah Lebih Tinggi
Presentation_ID 33 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Wireless Media
Properti Wireless Media
Presentation_ID 34 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
• IEEE 802.11 standards • Biasanya disebut dengan Wi-Fi. • Menggunakan CSMA/CA • Varian yang ada seperti:
• 802.11a: 54 Mbps, 5 GHz • 802.11b: 11 Mbps, 2.4 GHz • 802.11g: 54 Mbps, 2.4 GHz • 802.11n: 600 Mbps, 2.4 and 5 GHz • 802.11ac: 1 Gbps, 5 GHz • 802.11ad: 7 Gbps, 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 60 GHz
• IEEE 802.15 standard • Mendukung kecepatan hingga 3 Mbps • Perangkat pasangan yang terhubung dari jartak 1
sampai 100 meter.
• IEEE 802.16 standard • Provides speeds up to 1 Gbps • Menggunakan topologi point-to-multipoint untuk
menyediakan wireless broadband access.
Wireless Media
Types of Wireless Media
Presentation_ID 35 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Wireless Media
Wireless LAN
Cisco Linksys EA6500 802.11ac wireless router
Presentation_ID 36 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Wireless Media
802.11 Wi-Fi Standards
Standard Maximum Speed Frequency Backwards
compatible
802.11a 54 Mbps 5 GHz No
802.11b 11 Mbps 2.4 GHz No
802.11g 54 Mbps 2.4 GHz 802.11b
802.11n 600 Mbps 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz 802.11b/g
802.11ac 1.3 Gbps (1300 Mbps)
2.4 GHz and 5.5 GHz 802.11b/g/n
802.11ad 7 Gbps (7000 Mbps)
2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 60 GHz 802.11b/g/n/ac
Presentation_ID 37 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Data Link Layer The Data Link Layer
Presentation_ID 38 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Data Link Layer Data Link Sublayers
Network
Data Link
LLC Sublayer
MAC Sublayer
Physical
802.
3 E
ther
net
802.
11
Wi-F
i
802.
15
Blu
etoo
th
Presentation_ID 39 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Data Link Layer Media Access Control
Presentation_ID 40 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Purpose of the Data Link Layer Providing Access to Media
Presentation_ID 41 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Layer Layer 2 Frame Structure
Presentation_ID 42 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Layer 2 Frame Structure Creating a Frame
Presentation_ID 43 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Layer Layer 2 Standards
Presentation_ID 44 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Layer 2 Standards Data Link Layer Standards
Standard organization Networking Standards
IEEE
• 802.2: Logical Link Control (LLC) • 802.3: Ethernet • 802.4: Token bus • 802.5: Token passing • 802.11: Wireless LAN (WLAN) & Mesh (Wi-Fi certification) • 802.15: Bluetooth • 802.16: WiMax
ITU-T • G.992: ADSL • G.8100 - G.8199: MPLS over Transport aspects • Q.921: ISDN • Q.922: Frame Relay
ISO • HDLC (High Level Data Link Control) • ISO 9314: FDDI Media Access Control (MAC)
ANSI • X3T9.5 and X3T12: Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Presentation_ID 45 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Topologies Mengontrol Akses ke Media
Presentation_ID 46 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Topologies Topologi Fisik dan Logic
Presentation_ID 47 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Topologies Topologi Fisik WAN yang Umum
Presentation_ID 48 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Topologies Topologi Fisik Point-to-Point
Presentation_ID 49 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Topologies Topologi Logic Point-to-Point
Presentation_ID 50 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
WAN Topologies Half Duplex dan Full Duplex
Presentation_ID 51 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Topologi Fisik LAN
Presentation_ID 52 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Topologi Logic untuk Shared Media
Presentation_ID 53 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Contention-Based Access
Characteristics Contention-Based Technologies • Stasiun dapat mengirimkan setiap saat • Tabrakan masih ada • Ada mekanisme untuk menyelesaikan
konflik/tabrakan pada media
• CSMA/CD for 802.3 Ethernet networks • CSMA/CA for 802.11 wireless networks
Presentation_ID 54 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Topologi Multi-Access
Presentation_ID 55 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Akses Terkendali
Characteristics Controlled Access Technologies • Hanya satu stasiun yang dapat
mengirimkan pada satu waktu • Perangkat yang ingin mengirimkan
harus menunggu giliran mereka • Tidak ada tabrakan • Dapat menggunakan metode token
passing
• Token Ring (IEEE 802.5) • Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Presentation_ID 56 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
LAN Topologies Topologi Ring
Presentation_ID 57 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame The Frame
Presentation_ID 58 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame The Header
Presentation_ID 59 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame Layer 2 Address
Presentation_ID 60 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame The Trailer (yang bergandengan)
Presentation_ID 61 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame LAN and WAN Frames
Presentation_ID 62 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame Ethernet Frame
Presentation_ID 63 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame Point-to-Point Protocol Frame
Presentation_ID 64 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Data Link Frame 802.11 Wireless Frame
Presentation_ID 65 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Network Access
Summary • Protokol Physical Layer
• Media Jaringan
• Protokol Data Link Layer
• Media Access Control
Presentation_ID 66 © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential
Translate by:
! Melwin Syafrizal (melwin@amikom.ac.id)
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