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Definition
“The term for organizations outside the state that aid citizens in advancing their interests. They are very strong in liberal democracies, where citizens learn and exercise democratic values. Organizations may be based on class, religion or ethnic ties, or may go above these to create a more united society outside of governmental control. ”(Charles Taylor)
For the public, not for private purposes Part of CRONC
How are they formed?
Organizations form for: Economic Cultural Informational and Educational Interest groups Developmental organizations Issues-Oriented Movements Civic groups Ideological marketplace
How the differ from other organizations?
Concerned with the public and not private means
Relate to the State but are not looking for a position in it
Accessible to the common citizen Pluralist, Partiality and Diversity
Functions
Economic Growth Spread Interests and Issues to the public Develops programs Develop Democracy:
Check on the government Promote Political Participation
Types of Civil Society
Pluralist: Many groups for one interest Very Competitive to influence politically
Democratic One or a few groups are generally formed for
a certain interest Controlled
Government manages the actions
Civil Society in UK
Before 1980s civil society organizations were rare Save the Children Fund(1919) CARE International(1945)
Post 1980s NGOs rocketed in numbers Islamic Relief Worldwide(1984) Marie Stopes International(1993) ONE Campaign(2004)
Civil Society in Russia
Glasnost and Petestroika Moscow Helsinki Group(1975) Committee of Soldier’s Mothers(1989)
Since 2006 Russian Federation Law #18-FZ Russian Federation Law #131 Government funding of SOME organizations
Civil Society in China
1949-1976 all associational activity was mediated by the state and communist party All-China Women’s Federation (1949) All-China Youth Federation (1949)
1980s GONGOs China Association for International
Understanding(1981) China Education Association for International Exchange
(1981) Quasi-Independent Legal Existence(1989)
180,000 organizations created
Civil Society in Iran
President Mohammed Khatomi(1997-2005) Popli Khalatbari Charitable Foundation(1998)
President Mohammed Ahmadinejad(2005-2013) Justice of Iran(2010)
Larger role than in other Arab States
Civil Society in Mexico
1960-1970s Only legitimate organizations were affiliated with party state 1968 student movement
1980s Organizations began to develop 1982 Economic crisis, 1985 earthquake, 1988 election
1990s More organizations formed as Mexico struggled for democracy 1995 North American Free Trade Agreement
2000s Democracy at last American Chamber of Commerce of
Mexico(1917) and El Caracol(1994)
Civil Society in Nigeria
Military Rule (1966-1999) Constrained the civil society organizations
Post Military Rule (1999) Democracy was reinstated after election of
Olusegun Obasanjo Stability can be withheld if government and
civil society organizations work together African Youth Development Foundation(1999) Omonijuku Foundation(2009)
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