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C2 ® Lithium Technology
C2 ® Lithium Technology
HQ – PHOENIX, ARIZONA, USAProduction Facility – KANSAS, USAAsia Office – HONG KONG,
GUANGZHOU, CHENNAI
C2 Companies
C2 ® Lithium Technology
USA & CANADA EUROPE SOUTH AFRICA MEXICO ASIA NEW ZEALAND AUSTRALIA MIDDLE EAST
C2 Network
C2 ® Lithium Technology
C2 World
C2 ® Lithium Technology
C2 Asia Conferences in GZ 2009 & KL 2011
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
• Concrete Composition– Cement paste– Fine and coarse aggregate– Moisture
Concrete Chemistry
Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate
Cement Paste (Gel)
Concrete Cross-Section 70X
Pore
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
Type I Portland Cement – Portland Cement Assoc.
Name Sym %wt FormulaTricalcium Silicate C3S 55 3CaO•SiO2
Dicalcium Silicate C2S 19 2CaO•SiO2
Tricalcium Aluminate C3A 10 3CaO•Al2O3
Tetracalcium Aluminoferrite C4AF 7 4CaO•Al2O3Fe
Gypsum Hemihydrate Ŝ 5 CaSO4•½H2O
Magnesia & Potash 4 MgO & K2O
Water H <1 H2ODesign and Control of Concrete Mixtures, Portland Cement Assoc.
74%
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
Hydration of Portland Cement
*C-S-H (Calcium Silicate Hydrate)By-product : Calcium Hydroxide (Hydrated Lime)
Conversion of Cement to C-S-H*
By-products
+ Water
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
Hydrated Cement Adhesion in Concrete• Hydration generates new crystalline salts• Crystals bond together in the paste
Cement Adhesion
Ca(OH)2
University of Aberdeen
C4AF
C-S-H
C-S-H
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
• Capillary Pores 0.1μ• Gel Pores <0.01μ
Concrete Porosity
University of Aberdeen
Kings College, Aberdeen, UK
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
C-S-H
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE 24%
67%
Cement Hydration Products
CEMENT
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
Cement Hydration Chemistry
*C-S-H is the strongest component of concrete paste
Ca(OH)2 (calcium Hydroxide) becomes unwanted dust
Portland Cement
Water Hydrated Cement Paste
By-Product
2C3S + 6H2O C-S-H* 3Ca(OH)2
2C2S + 4H2O C-S-H* Ca(OH)2
C4AF + 10H2O C6AFH12+ C4AH10
2C3A + 18H2O C2AH8
2C3A + 32H2O C6AS3H32
2C3A + C6AS3H32 3C4ASH12
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyC2 ® Lithium Technology
• About 25% of the cement weight is converted to calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime) during hydration.
• A portion of it reacts internally with the calcium aluminoferrite to become a component of the cement paste.
• The remainder resides in the paste.• In the body of the concrete, the calcium hydroxide
provides alkalinity that protects steel rebar from corrosion.
• On the concrete surface, it reacts with CO2 in the air to form calcium carbonate or chalk dust.
• Dust on exterior concrete weathers away but it remains as a nuisance dust on interior concrete.
Properties of Calcium Hydroxide
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Chemistry of Liquid Hardeners
Silicates Harden and Densify1. Converts Ca(OH)2 in the
concrete wear zone to C-S-H
2. Improves surface wear resistance
3. Restricts macro pore size4. Fills micro pores5. Retards liquid penetration6. Halts dust & carbonation
~⅛ inch Wear Zone
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Lithium Silicate Reaction5CaO•H2O + Li2O•5SiO2 → 5CaO•SiO2• 2H2O + Li2O•H2O
Chemistry of C2 Lithium Silicates
Calcium + Hydroxide
Lithium Silicate
→ Calcium Silicate + Hydrate
Lithium Hydroxide
• Lithium silicate reacts with calcium hydroxide (by-product in the concrete
paste) to form calcium silicate hydrate, the primary component in
hydrated cement, eliminating dusting.
• Reaction proceeds quickly.
• Excess lithium silicate becomes powder on drying that can be swept up
easily.
• Lithium Hydroxide remains with the excess silicate.
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Soft Calcium Hydroxide Hard concrete
16
Hardening/Densifying
Finished concrete flooring
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Benefits of C2 Lithium Silicates
Strengthening of Floor Surface C2 lithium liquid hardeners/densifiers are chemicals heavy in silica which reacts with calcium hydroxide in the concrete to fill pores, strengthen and harden the surface wear layer.
Excellent Penetration C2 lithium liquid hardeners/densifiers also contain highly reactive lithium catalyst which helps to achieve much greater penetration into the floor surface and triggers much faster and more complete reaction with the concrete.
Greater Abrasion Resistance Even the most perfect bare concrete floors will wear off relatively easily in an industrial traffic conditions. Floors treated with C2 lithium hardeners/densifiers will improve abrasion resistance by over 50%.
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Benefits of C2 Lithium Silicates
DurabilityC2 lithium hardeners/densifiers will outlast topcoats like epoxy or urethanes. A permanent impregnation of the floor surface can be achieved for life of the concrete with one application.
Elimination of Dusting from Efflorescence In ordinary concrete, tiny particles of dust are pushed to the surface through an upward force called hydrostatic pressure, resulting in efflorescence. Efflorescence leads to dusting. C2 products eliminate efflorescence and prevent dusting.
Stain Resistant By densifying and sealing the surface, C2 lithium hardeners transform a porous concrete floor into a tightened floor that is dense enough to repel water, oil, and other contaminants, preventing them from penetrating into the surface.
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Benefits of C2 Lithium Silicates
Slip Resistant Treated floor surface, though shiny, does not create a slippery floor.
Improved Condition for Old Floors
As concrete ages, surface stress, delamination, curled cold joints, and other problems can arise. C2 lithium hardeners combined with our customized grinding and polishing techniques can remove the top surface layer of the old concrete and strengthen the floor, increasing it’s impact and abrasion resistance.
Reduced Tire Wear
The rough, uneven texture of natural concrete causes tires to abrade, adding to their wear. A concrete floor treated with C2 lithium hardeners will make the entire surface smooth, preventing this abrasion and leaving tire marks on the floor surface. Our C2 Remove cleaner can easily remove any blemishes.
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Benefits of C2 Lithium Silicates
Little or No Production “Down Time” Floor can be put into service immediately after the application process is complete. Due to the cleanliness of the process and the lack of toxic or hazardous chemicals, floors can often be serviced while the plant or store is in full operation.
Less Maintenance Most floor systems, including tile and linoleum, require aggressive scrubbing to maintain a clean environment and nice appearance. Surfaces treated with C2 lithium hardeners are tightly compacted, reducing stains, and do not require any waxing or stripping to maintain the sheen.
Improved Reflectivity and Ambient Lighting The reflective properties of a densified floor surface increases the lighting in facilities. Increased ambient lighting will reduce the energy bill and is aesthetically pleasant.
C2 ® Lithium Technology
C2 Ultra Seal™ & Dura Seal™ Ultra Seal – durable, chemical resistant, high-gloss protective coating. Ideal for
specialty areas potentially exposed to spills of acidic food products, household cleaners and industrial solutions.
Dura Seal – durable, chemical resistant, UV stable, high-gloss protective coating. Ideal for exterior and interior applications with color to prevent color fading.
Substrates – fully cured concrete, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners and cementitious terrazzo
Application – 2-3 heavier coats (then C² Seal) by spray, microfiber in, burnish between coats with soft white pad, protect from liquids for minimum 4 hours
Economics (€, $, £) – eliminates the need for floor waxes, liquid polishes and conventional resin coatings
Sales & marketing – Ultra Seal is used widely in grocery stores in selected aisles with acidic products where Dura Seal is used widely on color stained patios, driveways, sidewalks and UV exposed entryways. Blends very well with C² Seal on the same job
Availability – available in 3.5 liter, 20 liter and 200 liter packaging “Green” – 100% Planet Safe
C2 ® Lithium Technology
New concrete staining technology, water based color pigment
Available for inside applications ONLY Substrates – concrete new (fully cured for 28
days) or old, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners, terrazzo
Always cover with C2 Hard and finish with C2 Seal – 2-3 applications burnished with the C2 Heat pad between every application
Packed in 475 ml container as a concentrate to be mixed with 5 liter of fresh water
Use in 24 hours from the time is mixed with fresh water
The standard coverage rates are as follows: First application on concrete prepped to
100 resin diamond level @ 10-15 m2/liter Second application on concrete prepped to
200 resin diamond level @ 15-20 m2/liter Shipping in small packages directly from Kansas
by air via FedEx
C2 TINT™
C2 ® Lithium Technology
Mocha Light Roast Espresso Rose Quartz Painted Desert Red Rock Caribbean Blue
Copper Patina Emerald Serpentine Bronze
Blue Stone Desert Sand Amber Georgia Clay Brown Stone Concrete Gray Welsh Slate
C2 TINT™ - Standard Colors
C2 ® Lithium Technology
The true color concrete hardener and densifier Substrates – concrete new (fully cured for 28
days) or old, concrete with dry shakes, polished concrete, concrete treaded with sodium hardeners, terrazzo
Sold in premeasured container of 157ml as a concentrate to be mixed with 5 liter of C² Hard (and NOT C² Super Hard)
The standard coverage rates are as follows: First application on concrete prepped to
50 resin diamond level @ 10-15 m2/liter Second application @ 15-20 m2/liter
Shipping in small packages directly from Kansas by air, via FedEx
“Green” – 100% Planet Safe
C2 COLOR HARD™
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyThanks for Viewing
C2 ® Lithium TechnologyThanks for Viewing
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