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8/2/2019 CE Lecture 1
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CONTROL ENGINEERING
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Introduction
Technology development in 20th century have madepossible
High speed bullet trains
Exotic vehicles
Safe, comfortable and efficient automobiles
Military aircraft
Huge transport and luxury ships
Efficient robotic assembly lines etc..
The successful operation of all these systems depends onthe proper functioning of the large number of controlsystems used in such ventures.
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Introduction to Control Systems
Example 1
The setting of the darkness knob ortimer, represents the input quantity andthe degree of darkness and crispness ofthe toast produces is output quantity.
If the degree of darkness is notsatisfactory, this condition can in no wayautomatically alter the length of timer thatheat is applied.
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Introduction to Control Systems
Example 2
The dc shunt motor in figure is anotherexample .
For a given value of field current a required
value of voltage is applied to the armature toproduce the desired value of motor speed.
A variation of the speed from the desiredvalue, due to a change of mechanical load
on the shaft, can in no way cause a changein the value of the applied armature voltageto maintain the desired speed.
Therefore, the output quantity has noinfluence on the input quantity.
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Open Loop Control Systems
System in which the output quantity has no effect uponthe input quantity are called open loop control systems.
The examples just cited are represented symbolically by afunctional block diagram, as shown in figure below
Heating Example
Motor Example
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Close Loop Control System
Systems in which the output has a direct effect upon theinput quantity are called close loop control system
Comparison element
Control unit
Correction unit
Process plant
Measuring deviceReference input
Controlled variable
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Close Loop Control System
Example of person with thermometer
Speed control of motor
Block diagram
Rules
Modeling
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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Translational Mechanical System
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