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Introduction
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Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Net: essentiel
Coût de l’information
Nouveau médium
Nouvelles organisations
Évolution récente
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Coût de l’information
Coût
Temps
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Coût de l’information
Coût
Volume
Papier
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Coût de l’information
Coût
Volume
EDI
Papier
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Coût de l’information
Internet
Coût
Volume
EDI
Papier
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Coût de l’information
Coût
Volume
EDI
Papier
Papier Internet EDI
Internet
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Nouveau medium
Broadcast
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Nouveau medium
Broadcast
Narrowcast
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Nouveau medium
Broadcast
Narrowcast
Multicast
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Structure d’entreprise
Hiérarchies
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Structure d’entreprise
Hiérarchies
Entreprise réseau
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Structure d’entreprise
Hierarchies
Entreprise réseau
Réseau d’entreprises
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Évolution récente
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Croissance prévisible du « 1.0 »
% des ventes au détail enLigne : US Census
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Deuxième génération – applications www
Utilisateurs contribuent du contenu Long tail Value réside dans les données Effet de réseau Contenu réutilisable (API) Perpétuel beta Coopération Plateformes multiples
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Le web social s’envole: 2005
Google acquires BloggerPundits are scratching their head
Newscorp acquires mySpace: 700M
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Pulvérise les applications locales
Wikipedia
Encarta
Source: Hitwise (via Pew)
2005 2006
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Crowdsourcing change la donne
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
2010 – Facebook devient #1
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Internet mobile
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Plusieurs aspects de la connectivité
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Lectures
Leiner, B, V Cerf, D Clark, R Kahn, L Kleinrock, D Lynch, J Postel, L Roberts and S Wolff, (2003), "A Brief History of the Internet",
Farrell, D, (2003), "The real new economy", Harvard Business Review, 81(10):104-113
Horrigan, John B, (2007), "A Typology of Information and Communication Technology Users", Pew Internet \& American Life Project:65
Anderson, Janna Q and Lee Rainie, (2008), "The Future of the Internet III", Pew Internet \& American Life Project:1-138
Lazer, D, A Pentland, L Adamic, S Aral, A.-L Barabasi, D Brewer, N Christakis, N Contractor, J Fowler, M Gutmann, T Jebara, G King, M Macy, D Roy and M Van Alstyne, (2009), "SOCIAL SCIENCE: Computational Social Science", Science, 323(5915):721-723
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Miezkowski (2002):
Remember when we had no eMail?
James Gleick
Vitesse
Tension
Imprévisible
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Wellman (2000)
Changing Connectivity
Ce n’est plus l’endroit qui est branché, mais l’individu
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Leiner et al. (2003)
A Brief History of the Internet
" To appreciate the importance the new computer-aided communication can have, one must consider the dynamics of "critical mass," as it applies to cooperation in creative endeavor. Take any problem worthy of the name, and you find only a few people who can contribute effectively to its solution. Those people must be brought into close intellectual partnership so that their ideas can come into contact with one another. But bring these people together physically in one place to form a team, and you have trouble, for the most creative people are often not the best team players, and there are not enough top positions in a single organization to keep them all happy. Let them go their separate ways, and each creates his own empire, large or small, and devotes more time to the role of emperor than to the role of problem solver. The principals still get together at meetings. They still visit one another. But the time scale of their communication stretches out, and the correlations among mental models degenerate between meetings so that it may take a year to do a week’s communicating. There has to be some way of facilitating communication among people without bringing them together in one place. "
The Computer as a Communication Device by J.C.R. Licklider, Robert W. Taylor, Science and Technology, April 1968.
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Leiner et al. (2003)
A Brief History of the Internet
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Leiner et al. (2003)
A Brief History of the Internet
Deux protocoles: TCP/IP
Deux architectures: End-to-end vs centralisée
Serveurs, clients, pairs
W 1.0, 2.0, 3.0
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Berners-Lee et al. (2006)
A framework for web science
Science des réseaux décentralisés
Accès à l’information Identification (URI vs
URL) Interaction (sécuritaire
vs risquée) Représentation
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Berners-Lee et al. (2006)
A framework for web science
www sémantique: Réaliser pour les données ce qui a été
fait pour les documents
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Farrell, D (2003)
The real new economy
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Farrell, D (2003)
The real new economy
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Horrigan (2007)
A Typology of ICT Users
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Anderson & Lee (2008)
The Future of the Internet III
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Lazer, D, et al. (2009)
SOCIAL SCIENCE: Computational Social Science
If one were to look at the leading disciplinary journals in economics, sociology, and political science, there would be minimal evidence of an emerging computational social science engaged in quantitative modeling of these new kinds of digital traces.
However, computational social science is occurring, and on a large scale, in places like Google, Yahoo, and the National Security Agency.
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
2004 : Dean vs Kerry
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
Unbelievable content explosion
200M
1T
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
2008 : Obama vs Clinton vs McCain
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
2008 : Harper vs Dion
Stephane GauvinuLaval - 2009
En bref
Internet est devenu un reflet fidèle…
… plus qu’un miroir – un scanner
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