統計的手法による携帯電子機器の電磁放射評価It is well known that electromagnetic...

No.129 2012. 12

統計的手法による携帯電子機器の電磁放射評価

河村　暁子，　米本　成人，　山本　憲夫

1ENRI Papers No. 129 2012

No.129 2012. 12 No.129 December 2012

* 監視通信領域　** 研究企画統括

* * **

Evaluation of Electromagnetic Emission from Portable Electronic Devices Using Statistical Analysis

Akiko KOHMURA, Naruto YONEMOTO, and Kazuo YAMAMOTO

Abstract

It is well known that electromagnetic (EM) emissions from Portable Electronic Devices (PEDs) carried on board aircraft may

interfere with avionics systems. Generally, RTCA Document 160F(DO-160F) Section 21 Category M is used to evaluate PED emissions for the devices located in the cabin. The DO-160F requires that emissions be below the category M level. The document specifies guidelines for measuring PED emissions with a few sweeps of a spectrum analyzer, assuming that emissions are radiating continuously. However, recently, PEDs have not been emitting continuous waves but pulse waves to save batteries, which means present measurement method may fail to provide accurate results.

The purpose of this paper is to measure PED emissions properly without any new equipment even if the PED emits pulse waves. We propose a new method for the evaluation of EM emissions following a statistical approach. This enables us to calculate emission probability versus amplitude. The proposed method was applied to evaluate a RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) tag, a radio-controlled car, and a rechargeable electric shaver, resulting in a multilateral analysis of these emissions. In the future, this new evaluation method can be an effective tool to estimate the probability of EM interference between PEDs and aircraft.

2 電子研報告 No. 129 2012

(Portable electronic device, PED)

CPU(Central processing unit

)

PED

20 30

PED

(PED)

[1]

PED

CPU

[2]

[3]

PED

RTCA Radio technical commission for aeronautics,

160 (RTCA

DO-160)[4] DO-160 21

PED 1 M Cat.M

Cat.M

PED

PED

DO-160

Cat.M

PED

PED

UWB Ultra Wide Band:

(APD, Amplitude

probability distribution) APD

[5]

APD PHS (BER, Bit error

rate)

AD[6,7]

PED

DO-160F Cat. M

100 - 6000 MHz

APD

APD

2

RTCA DO-160

3

PED

4

RTCA DO-160 “Environmental Conditions and Test

Procedures for Airborne Equipment[4]

PED RTCA DO-160

21

1 M(Cat.M)

ILS(Instrument Landing

System; ) GPS(Global Positioning System;

3ENRI Papers No. 129 2012

)

1 10 dB

DO-160

DO-160F

DO-160E 2 DO-160E DO-160F

Cat.M Dwell time IF

Sweep time Cat.M

-10 dB 1

Cat.M

VCCI(Voluntary Control Council for Information technology

equipment:

Cat.M

10 20 dB

μ

1 RTCA DO-160 Sec.21 Category M

1 RTCA DO-160 PED

FrequencyBand (MHz) RBW (Hz)

Min.Dwelltime (sec.)

Min. Sweeptime (sec.)

100 400 10 k 0.015 9

400 1000 100 k 0.015 1

1000 6000 1M 0.015 1

RBW(Resolution bandwidth: )[8,9]

DO-160 PED 2

1 m

( ETS-LINDGREN

Model 3149, 30 - 8000 MHz)

(MLA-30M08-B02-40, 40 dB)

(Agilent E4440A)

1 DO-160F DO-160F

IC 3

(1)

P (dBm) (1) Ga (dBi)

L (dB) E (dBμV/m) [4] c (m/s) f (Hz)

(1) A

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 76.126log20 +⎟⎟⎠⎞

⎜⎜⎝

⎛−−−=

fcfLfGfPfE a (1)

IC 4 sec

434 MHz 100 ms 3

3000

100 - 6000 MHz

11 601

434 MHz

3 Cat.M

2 3

2 RTCA DO-160 PED

4 電子研報告 No. 129 2012

μ

Nominalsignal

2nd harmonicsignal

3rd harmonicsignal

3 RTCA DO-160

4 3 IC DO-160E

4

3

DO-160 Cat.M 434 MHz 2

3 2

5dB

(sweep) 3 3000 4

72 100 - 1000 MHz) 24 1000 MHz

RF

IF([8,9] RBW(Resolution

bandwidth: )

1 1

IC

IC

IF

IC

4 2

Cat.M

3

2.5 % 100

msec 4 sec

4 400 - 1000 MHz

/ IF

DO-160

4 DO-160

DO-160 PED

CW: Continuous wave

IC

DO-160

4 IC

5ENRI Papers No. 129 2012

2 3 4

(MHz) /(%)

ENRI 34

ENRI 34

433.9 58*/3000 1* /72 1.9* 1.4*

2 867.8 77/3000 1/72 2.6 1.43 1302.0 71/3000 0/24 2.4 0

* Cat.M

5 dB

PED RTCA DO-160

DO-160

100 MHz [7]

Ei

S(Ej, f) (2)

0

( , )( , ) 1j

ij

i

H fES fE n== − ∑

(2)

S(Ej, f) E(f) f

H(Ei, f)/nn i, j

ibin

Ei -40 80 dBμV/m 1 dBμV/m ibin 121

20 dBμV/m j = 61 n

S(Ej, f) 1 % n > (1/0.01)=100

tpulse

BWRBW tsweep

Fspan

pulse pbwt t≥

(3)

(3) tpbw IF

(4)

RBW sweeppbw

span

BW tt

F= (4)

(3)

(Agilent E4438C)

(Agilent E4440A)

(2)

434 MHz

100 kHz 400-500 MHz 50 ms

3000

50 μsec

10 μsec 10 msec

(2) 434 MHz 5

5 %, 20 %, 50 %

100 μsec

μ 5

6 電子研報告 No. 129 2012

5 (3)

6 5 50 %

50 μs, 100 μs, 200 μs (2)

100 kHz, 200 kHz, 400 kHz

50 %

100 μs

50 %

50 μs, 100 μs, 200 μs

100 μs, 80 μs, 60 μs

5 6 2

50 %

tpbwtpulse

2pulse pbwt t≥ (5)

μ

50 μs100 μs200 μs

6 50 %

PED

T-PED: Transmitting PED)

(N-PED:

Non transmitting PED

T-PED IC

N-PED DC

3 4 IC

(2) 7

0.1 % 100

(2) S(Ej, f)

S(Ej, f) pS(Ej, f)

7ENRI Papers No. 129 2012

8 40 MHz

1500

(b) 7

DO-160F 100 MHz 6000 MHz

40

MHz 100

MHz Cat.M DO-160E

IC

60dBmV/m

10 50

IC 5 10

120 MHz 3

Cat.M

(a)

μ

(b)

8

T-PED DO-160F

100 MHz

N-PED

9

1600

DME(Distance

Measuring Equipment; ) TCAS(Traffic alert

and Collision Avoidance System; ) GPS

Cat.M

10 dB Cat.M

DC

(a)

μ

(b)

9

8 電子研報告 No. 129 2012

[10]

9

5%

T-PED IC

N-PED

T-PED

DO-160

N-PED

DC

PED

RTCA

DO-160 DO-160

Cat.M

PED

DO-160

IF

PED

PED

3[11]

PED

3

10 9/h 1

10 7/h

10 5/h

10 3/h

DO-160F Cat.M PED 1 m

(dBμV/m) DO-160

PED 1m

(1)

PED 1 m

Pa (A1)

2 2

120 4a aE

P Gλπ π

= ⋅ ⋅ (A1)

Pa

E λ Ga1

9ENRI Papers No. 129 2012

2 (A1) E

(A2)

480 aa

PEG

πλ

= (A2)

(A2)

dBm dBμV/m

(A2) (A2)

dB 20 log10

/dBV mE

10 1020 20 480log loga dBW a dBGP λ π= − − +

(A3)

dBV/m dBmV/m

dBW dBm (A4)

6/ 1020log 10dBV mE

−+

31010log 10a dBW a dBGP−= + −

10 1020 20 480log logλ π− + (A4)

λ c f (A5)

c f λ= (A5)

(A4) (A5)

L (dB)

(A6) (1)

/dB V mE μ

1020 126.76loga dBm dBa dBc

GP L f= − − − +

(A6)

IC

REAH

[1] 2009. [2]

73 45 2008.

[3] AEDinforward, vol.4,

August, 2003. [4] "Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for

Airborne Equipment," DO-160F, RTCA, 2009. [5] Y. Yamanaka and T. Shinozuka, "Measurement and

estimation of BER degradation of PHS due to electromagnetic disturbances from microwave ovens," Electronics and Communication in Japan, pp.827-834, Nov. 1998.

[6] 20MHz 8bit

B, vol J82-B, No.11, pp.2181-2187, Nov. 1999.

[7] Nov., 2009.

[8] , Agilent Technologies, Application note 150

[9]

No.13, 2010. [10] DC

CQ , 2006. [11] "Safety Management Manual," Doc 9859, AN/460,

ICAO, Tab.13-4, pp.13-9, 2006.

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第

一

二

九

号

No.129　December　2012

Evaluation of Electromagnetic Emissionfrom Portable Electronic Devices Using Statistical Analysis

CONTENTS

Akiko KOHMURA， Naruto YONEMOTO，Kazuo YAMAMOTO