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Climate Change Legislation Impact on FHE Stephen Boyle Senior Policy Officer 19 th January 2007. Content. SEPA Climate Change International and Domestic goals Climate Change legislation in the UK Climate Change legislation which impacts on FHE Concluding Remarks. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Climate Change Legislation Impact on FHE
Stephen BoyleSenior Policy Officer
19th January 2007
Content
• SEPA• Climate Change• International and Domestic goals• Climate Change legislation in the UK• Climate Change legislation which impacts on
FHE• Concluding Remarks
Scottish Environment Protection Agency
Who we are
• Non-departmental public body set up by Environment Act 1995
• Budget of £68m (06/07)• 54% from Scottish
Executive Grant in Aid• 46% from charging
schemes• 22 offices• 1270 staff
What we do
Our responsibilities are to regulate: • Activities that may pollute water;• Activities that may pollute air;• Storage, transport and disposal of waste; and• Keeping and disposal of radioactive waste
How we do it!
We protect and improvethe environment through:• Regulation • Raising environmental
awareness • Environmental economics • The planning system • Advising Government and
Scottish Executive on environmental issues
Climate Change
Concentration of Carbon Dioxide and Methane Have Risen Greatly Since Pre-Industrial Times
Carbon dioxide: 33% rise Methane: 100% rise
The MetOffice. Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research.
BW 5
Arctic ice cover
• There is evidence that both Arctic and Antarctic ice cover is reducing
• Thomas et al, 2006 state that the near coastal thinning rates (Greenland) have increased substantially since the 1990’s
“Antarctica sends 500 billion tonne warning of the effects of global warming” The Independent
Courtesy of Michael Bentley
Larsen B ice shelf through time (1947-2002)
Climate change in Scotland (SNIFFER report, 2006)
• Annual average 24-hour maximum temperature over 90 year period, in 3 regions of Scotland•Very varied, non monotonic
Average Temperature
Snow cover
Source A Handbook of Climate Trends across Scotland SNIFFER 2006
Wetter winters
Winter Flows, R Kelvin at Killermont, 1949-2000
02468
101214161820
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
Flow
(cum
ecs)
Winter5 per. Mov. Avg. (Winter)Linear (Winter)
Winter Flows - River Nith at Friars Carse 1958-2000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Flow
(cum
ecs)
Winter5 per. Mov. Avg. (Winter)Linear (Winter)
R.Tay at Ballathie winter flows (Oct-Mar),1958-1996
100
150
200
250
300
350
1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994
Flow
(cum
ecs)
Annual winter flow5 year moving averageLinear (Annual winter flow)
R.Teith at Bridge of Teith winter flows (Oct-Mar),1957-1996.
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1957 1961 1965 1969 1973 1977 1981 1985 1989 1993
Flow
(cum
ecs)
Annual winter flow5 year moving averageLinear (Annual winter flow)
Extreme events – floods
Photo: SEPA
Mountain Ringlet
Scotch Argus
Species ranges moving uphill & north
Mountain Ringlet has moved uphill
In 2004, 50% fewer km squares than in the1970s
Scotch Argus has moved north
In 2004, 17% fewer km squares than in the1970s
By Aldina M. A. Franco, Jane K. Hill, Yvonne C. Collingham, Richard Fox, Brian Huntley, David B. Roy and Chris D. ThomasUniversities of York and DurhamCEH Monks Wood, Butterfly Conservation
Funded by NERC
Earlier Flowering
3 weeks early
Snowdrop Wild Daffodil Winter aconite
2 weeksearly
Bluebell Dog violet Lesser celandine
1 weekearly
Broom Wild cherry
Courtesy:Prof. Fred Last,Longniddry
1978-2001
Longer growing seasons
Fife lawn cut for an extra 29 days in 2003 than in 1984
Courtesy: Dr. Tim Sparks, CEH
Woodland Trust Picture Library
International and Domestic Goals
International and Domestic Goals
• Kyoto Agreement; to reduce CO2 emissions below 1990 levels by 12.5% in the period 2008-2012
• UK Domestic goal; 20% reduction in CO2 emissions below 1990 levels by 2010
• Energy White Paper Feb 2003; 60% reduction by 2050
Climate Change Legislation in the UK
Current Climate Change Legislation
• The Climate Change Levy (CCL)• Climate Change Agreements (CCA)• Building Regulations• UK Emissions Trading Scheme• EU Emissions Trading Scheme• Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC)In addition• Voluntary Agreements• Enhanced information provision and advise to
business
Proposed Legislation and Measures
• Renewable Transport Fuel Obligation (RTFO)• Expansion to the EU ETS• Energy Performance Commitment (EPC)• Voluntary benchmarking and reporting
Climate Change Legislation which impacts on FHE
EU Emissions Trading Scheme
• The EU Emissions Trading Directive (the Directive) establishes a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community.
• It aims to promote reductions of greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective and economically efficient manner.
• The Directive was transposed into UK law through the UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme Regulations 2003.
• The Scheme commenced on 1 January 2005.
EU ETS requirements
• A qualifying installation must apply for a permit and submit a Monitoring and Reporting (M&R) plan to their relevant authority for approval
• They will be issued allowances for the each Phase period from the National Allocation Plan (NAP) based on their historic emissions
• At the end of each year the site will calculate their annual carbon dioxide emissions in line with their M&R plan and have this verified by an independent UKAS accredited verifier
• The installation will then surrender sufficient allowances to cover their annual emission or open themselves up for civil penalties and enforcement action
Source Scottish Energy StudyScottish Executive 2006
EU Energy Performance of Buildings DirectiveAim• To Improve the Energy performance of buildings
through cost effective measures• Harmonisation of building standards across the
community in line with the most ambitious state targetsMeasures• Methodology for Calculating the energy performance of
buildings• Application of building standards on new and existing
buildings• Certification schemes for all new buildings• Regular inspection and assessment of boiler/heating
and cooling installations
Energy Performance Commitment
Aim• Energy Review (2006) commitment to
reduce carbon emissions from large non-energy intensive organisations by 1.2 million tonnes of carbon per year by 2020
Energy Performance Commitment
How• Organisations who use more than 3000
MWh’s of electricity from half hourly logging electricity meters will be covered in the scheme
• Participating organisations will be required to purchase, in an auction, sufficient allowances to cover their carbon emissions
Energy Performance Commitment
At the end of each scheme year the organisation will be required to report its total energy use and surrender allowances to cover their carbon emissions
• Failure to do so will result in civil penalties
• Auctioning revenue will be redistributed to participating organisations annually in line with their past year performance
Concluding Remarks
Climate change“Climate change presents very serious global risks,
and it commands an urgent global response…it is the greatest and widest-ranging market failure ever seen” (Stern Review 2006)
“Climate change is a far greater threat to the worldthan global terrorism” (Sir David King, Government’sChief Scientific Advisor)
“… the impacts of global warming are such that I have no hesitation in describing it as a ‘weapon of mass destruction’” (Sir John Houghton, former chief executive of the UK Meteorological Office)
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