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Innovation and TechnologyAs with all students, the opportunity for students with learning
disabilities to compete for college admissions, succeed incollege and in the global market place depends upon the
quality of their educational preparation and the systems theyrely upon. Enhancing the effectiveness depends upon
technology and innovation. Richard Varn will describe the
challenges of relevance and innovation in technology that mustbe confronted in order for students with learning disabilities toachieve their goals in preparing for college. Varn will discuss
how technology will reshape the schools and educationsystems that students with learning disabilities rely upon for
preparation and the colleges and university environments thatthey will be entering. He will discuss issues that policymakers,
educators and others must confront to close gaps inpreparation and college access for students with learning
disabilities.
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Innovation and TechnologyTwo Key Ingredients for
Improving Preparation andTransition to College
Richard J. H. Varn
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"Whoever"Whoever
desiresdesires
constantconstantsuccess mustsuccess must
change hischange hisconduct withconduct with
the times."the times."
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"There is nothing more"There is nothing more
difficult to take in hand,difficult to take in hand,
more perilous to conduct,more perilous to conduct,
or more uncertain in itsor more uncertain in itssuccess, than to take thesuccess, than to take the
lead in the introduction of alead in the introduction of a
new order of things.new order of things.
Because the innovator hasBecause the innovator has
for enemies all those whofor enemies all those who
have done well under thehave done well under the
old conditions, andold conditions, andlukewarm (indifferent,lukewarm (indifferent,
uninterested) defenders inuninterested) defenders in
those who may do wellthose who may do well
under the new. "under the new. "
CIO
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SomeChange Attempt Examples1990 World Wide
WebDNA forensicsBroadband
Video HistoryArchiveIowa Electronic
UniversityIndoor
playgroundsGovernment
services card
1-to-1 computing
E-medical recordsHealth care pooling
Courseware camps
Ad supported e-mail
100% E by 2003
IP video andtelephony
GIS/GPS criminal
tracking
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Dominant Private Practice for Change
High Value
Low Value
High Cost Low Cost
Current Process
New Process
Leap and
Reap
Rapidly
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Creep and Weep
Over a MuchLonger Time
Government Failure to Precipitate
High Value
Low Value
High Cost Low Cost
Current Process
New Process
Current Process
Keep the Old
Process But Do
Less of It
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Where we passionately and
methodically search for new insight
into how the brain functions, how welearn, and the factors and methods of
human organization and success...
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IGNORE IT
ALL WHEN
IT COMES
TO OUR
OWNPROGRAMS
!
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Education and Government:
Resistant to Change
Pushing change in education andgovernment is like trying to run througha wall of spandex
coated with Teflon so nothingsticksAnd imbued with the universal element
Bureaucratium, an amazingsubstance that seems indestructibleand repels everything
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Examples of the Kind of QuestionsThat I Intend to Ask As a Way of
Infecting You With Viral Ideas
No Birds Are Involved
In Transmission
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Do You Remember?
Plop Pop Cop
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Technological Ethics
Which does not fit:
Licentiousness, Extremes, Titillation,Comfort or Learning?
We try to do analog replication andcombination of these easier things tohelp learning - like with games that
teach or a dramatization of an ideasuch as with Les Miserables.
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Technological EthicsWhat about when we can digitally and
elementally duplicate the pleasurable toachieve the difficult?As we identify the electrochemical
processes and stimulants that are involvedwith pleasure, spirituality, comfort, fun, etc.,will the vice and commercial industries bethe only ones willing and able to use them?
If we can make learning to solve quadraticequations feel like eating junk food, gaming,and skateboarding all at once, what is wrongwith that?
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Creative Deconstruction Destruction
Modern science and technologyHumanitys Great Quest: Being
able to observe, identify, model,
manipulate, create, form andcombine the parts of anythingCosmos, atoms, genes, cells,
brains, bodies, ecosystems,knowledge, work, processes,markets and institutions
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Key Effects of IT AgeDigitalization
AutomationRobotizationMiniaturizationSpecializationCustomizationGlobalizationMutation
Commoditization
DisintermediationModularizationTechnological
Determinism
Acronymization orTCCTA Tendency to Create
Colorful Technical
Acronyms. If you have a problemwith that, join SPAM orSociety to PreventAcronym Memorization.
Shif i
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Centers AreShiftingCenter of Proximity and Concentration
Center of Culture/EntertainmentCenter of ProductionCenter of Application
Center of Global ScaleCenter of ExcellenceCenter of Integration
Center of CreativityCenter of DiscoveryCenter of Brokering
Center of Service (Concierge At Large)
Past (Settled)
Future (Frontier)
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The PostmanProviso
Technology or Technique is NotNeutral
We conform to it, it does not conform to us.
But perhaps it can be Subversively Helpful.
Technological determinism means that if youchange a part of an interconnected system, the
rest of the system WILL eventually and inevitablychange to reflect the speed, power or capabilities
Technology is ultimately a friend but mostly
it is a "dangerous enemy" that "intrudes"into a culture "changing everything andeven "eliminates alternatives to itself."
Automationincreases probability
but decreases possibility.- Lewis Mumford
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://darwin.ws/RationallySpeaking/technopoly.jpg&imgrefurl=http://darwin.ws/RationallySpeaking/RS2001-08.htm&h=202&w=129&sz=8&tbnid=CpDLq-4xN_YJ:&tbnh=99&tbnw=63&start=13&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeil%2BPostman%2BTechnopoly%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-39,GGLD:en%26sa%3DNhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.csulb.edu/~richmond/postman2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.csulb.edu/~richmond/postman.html&h=284&w=200&sz=8&tbnid=KWquPAnFj5kJ:&tbnh=109&tbnw=77&start=6&prev=/images%3Fq%3DNeil%2BPostman%2BTechnopoly%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-39,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN8/6/2019 Conf LD Varn
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Determinism: A Short Cut
The long term sneaky way to change the
world without ever asking permission orhaving to try to convince those who will beforced to change and already hate the
idea, whatever it is and no matter what itis, before you even thought of it.
Change key, interconnected tools, and the
rest of the system will change.
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Technological Determinism
Technological systems are
interconnected webs.The history of such systems shows a
consistent repeating pattern.
Changes in the speed, power orcomplexity of one part causescomparable changes in all other parts towhich it is connected.
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One Word: Database
Tools are viral containers of ideas.
How we think differently from their use is ofteneven more important than what they actually do.
Do you remember the first time you clicked insteadof typed?
Do you remember pocket protector wearers sayingGUI was a waste of time and resources, and wasthe SAME AS TYPING COMMANDS?
The viral idea was the connection betweeninterface, function and data, and they could not seeit.
The dominant tool, metaphor, idea of our time is
the database.
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Convergence
The coming together or merging of:
Jurisdictions Industries
Companies
Tools and technologies
Products and devices
Professions and skills
Jobs
The viral spread of IT across and withinindustries and elements of life
S d di i
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Analog: Standardization
Nut, screws and bolts
RailsElectricity
Auto tiresPaper
Plumbing and lumberDrove the greatest expansion ofhuman productive capacity in
history and a lot of extinctions
S d di i
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Digital: Standardization
Data (XML in every industry)
Networks (IP everything)
Software (Web Services and SOA)
Storage (the one file holy grail)Human Computer Interface (see me,
feel me)
Processing (Gird for the Virtual Grid)
And the effect will be at least as large
Technological bow waves
A A S i
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Government and EducationAs A Service
Domestic and Global Economy of Scale LayerCommon, Interchangeable, Customizable Software and Hardware Services
Public Entities Non-Profit Entities and Associations For-Profit Entities
Public
Only
BothPublic
Only
BothPublic Only Both
Subject Matter Expert Layer
Subject and Industry Specific Human, Software and Hardware Services
Bit
Concierge Layer
Personalized and Automated Human, Software and Hardware Services
Private OnlyPrivate
Only
Niche Function Industry Cross-IndustryOne Stop
Government
Object MarketFunctional and Software Lego Bricks
Public DevelopersDomestic, Global and
Open Source
Private DevelopersDomestic, Global and
Open Source
Customer
AgentsWeb Services Government
Integrated Into
Other Software
and Services
GAAS UP
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Steps toGAAS UP
Consolidate (across boundaries
and industries)
Broker (think Plastics)
Standardize (what and how)Automate (no human can)
Innovate (no machine used to)
GAAS UP
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Steps toGAAS UP
Document rules (rules are made to
be coded)Virtualize (it happens somewhere)Eliminate (processes and systems)Re-deploy resources (harvest)
E F Functional Summary
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Businesses
CustomerAgents
Citizens
E-FormsFunctional Summary
FirstForm
FirstForm
FirstForm
Data to
Agencies
to:
Accept
Share
Reuse
Query
Manage
SafeguardPrivacy
COUNT
COUNT
COUNT
ExtractData
ApplyBusiness
Rules
Validate
Sign
Submit
Route
FormsEngines
to:
SubmitData
ApplyBusiness
Rules
Sign
Submit
Route
A
u
t
h
en
t
i
c
a
t
io
n
DirectData
Transfers
DataAnalysis,
Sharingand
PublicAccess
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ScopeIndustry
Segment or
Government
Function
Data ManagementImprovementProcess
Publish Data
Routing
Processes
Create
Harmonized
Forms
Identify
Forms and
Paperwork
Processes
Within
Segment or
Function
Determine Core Data Elements
and Business Rules
Select Forms
and
Processes to
Be
Addressed
Select
Industry or
Government
FunctionFinalize and Publish XML
Schema for Data Elements,
Business Rules and Presentation
Formats
Harmonize Data Elements and
Business Rules; Coordinate With
Industry Standards
Customer AgentsPrivate Industry Solutions,
Systems, Services and
Software Modules
Agency Processing,
Applications,
Databases and Legacy
Systems
Work With: Business and Industry Associations Industry Solutions Vendors Federal, State and Local Governments Customer Agents Industry XML and Data Standards
Bodies
Harmonize andReduce
Th N 50 Y
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The Next 50 YearsDevices per chip continue to double every
12 months.The pace of change continues to accelerate.
100 years happens in 20 at the current rate.*
Use to ubiquity.Distinctive to disposable.
Peripheral to integral.
*Ray Kurzweil, The Age of Spiritual Machines
Th P f Ch I A l i
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The Pace of Change Is Accelerating
F W IT
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Four Ways to IT
Wire
StorageProcessing
Wireless
Services andContent
U i l Access
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UniversalAccess
Anyone, anywhere, anytime will be
able to instantaneously talk, writeand send visual and audio
information to anyone else.IP replaces Esperanto.
Please put my universal translatorengine in my cell phone in my earrather than a Babel Fish
Th Digital Majorit
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Watch the Third Screen
TheDigital Majority
Like Starbucks' relentless attempts to sell itselfas the "third place," the wireless industry is
trying to sell itself as the "third screen."
2010:
500 Million BroadbandUsers
2.3 Billion Cell Phones
S P t
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Spare Parts
Availability dates:Artificial Brain Cells 2017Artificial Brain 2035Artificial Eyes 2010Artificial Eye Implant 2024Permanent Mechanical Heart 2010Synthetic Muscles 2019
Lungs And Kidneys 2015
DATA: BRITISH TELEPHONE LABS in Business Week, March 200 and in The Register, February 2005
N Pi ki U S
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Now Picking Up a SpareOver 100,000 Cochlear
Ear ImplantsBionic limbs moved by thought
Exoskeletons
Limbs, joints and bonesCarbon nanotubes
B i C t I t f
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Brain Computer Interface
A BrainGate, enabled paralyzed MatthewNagle, to move a computer cursor, change
TV channels and operate fingers on aprosthetic hand.Long-term goal of the study was to develop
brain computer interfaces (BCIs).
U l ki E i
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Unlocking EricEric Ramsey has been "locked-in" since 1999. A
locked-in patient is somebody who is basically alert
and intelligent, but they cannot communicate. His thinking brain is intact, but he cannot move, he
can hardly move his eyes, he cannot speak, hegets spasms from time to time."
They are presently detecting the pattern of firing insignals and the pattern is associated with particularphonemes or word sounds that he is trying toproduce. They have done that mapping and aretrying to detect them and send them back to him,so that he can actually produce the phonemes orsounds of words. The result will be a computersynthesizing Eric's attempts to speak.
M Th th S f O P t
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More Than the Sum of Our PartsBeyond alleviating the effects of disabilities,
normal functioning humans could upgrade toimprove intelligence, sensory awareness orsimply to counter the effects of aging.
Disability becomes ability?
Ampl-ability (ability becomes amplified)?Eubility (good things beyond human ability)?Malability (things we wish humans could
never do)?
C t Tipping Point
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ComputerTipping Point
Computers reach the speed of 20
quadrillion instructions per second, equal tothe human brain
In accordance with Moore's law, we expected
to reach the computational capacity of thehuman brain---20 million billion neuronconnection calculations per second (100 billionneurons times an average of 1,000 connections
to other neurons times 200 calculations persecond per connection)---in a super computerby 2010 and in a standard personal computerby the year 2020.
Ray Kurzweil
K il Vision
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KurweilsVision
By the year 2040 a super
computer reaches the collectivebrain speed of all the human
brains alive.By 2050 global brain speed is
available on a $1,000 laptop.
B f Y Retire or Die
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Before YouRetire or Die
Cumulative machine intelligence
becomes larger than cumulativehuman intelligence.
GNR (Genetic, Nanotechnologyand Robotics) combine to remakecivilization as we know it.
Hi HAL
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Hi,HAL
Non-invasive brain
scanning capabilities aregrowing exponentially.Reverse engineering of
the brain and othersoftware techniques makemachines more than
human in many ways.Will I dream, Doctor?
Convergence in Learning
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Convergence in Learning
Neuroscience
InformationTechnology AssessmentLearners
Diagnosis, Response and Treatment
Inherent IT Advantages in Education?
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Inherent IT Advantages in Education?
Customization and individualization
Democratization of access, contentand tools
Non-linearityPlace indifference
Availability of changeable contentThe elimination of rote tasks in
teaching and learning
Inherent IT Advantages in Education?
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Inherent IT Advantages in Education?
More time to focus on only that
which a human can do wellInstant access human knowledge in
all formsOverlaying data on our experiences
Sharing
Collaboration
Input and outcome analysis
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Are We Taking Advantage of theInherent Advantages of IT in
Education?
UmmmNo
What Is Most Out of Whack?
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What Is Most Out of Whack?
The Carnegie Unit credit hours
Linearity
Grades
SubjectsLearning to remember rather than
learning to learnEducation is expected to cure all
with out concomitant resources
What Is Most Out of Whack?
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What Is Most Out of Whack?
Assessment is misapplied with too
many high-stakes low-yield testsand not enough low-stakes
high-yield tests.The policy response is inadequate
to the amount of change, the size ofthe challenge and the importance ofthe outcome.
Courseware
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Courseware
1: Each academic program has an
articulated curriculum.2: Each class has specified goals
and objectives.
3: Standards and the method ofassessment are agreed upon.
4: Student achievement level and learning
style are assessed.
More Courseware Steps
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More Courseware Steps...
5: Learning and instruction plan
is customized and matched to goals,objectives and student learning style.
6: Search for, acquire and develop
courseware to meet the learning andinstruction plans.
7: Training in the use of the courseware
and courseware tools is delivered.
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Courseware Layers
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Courseware Layers
Experience, Information and Knowledge
ObjectsModules
Units
Courses or Competencies
Degrees, Certificates and DocumentedAchievement
Digital Content Essential Raw Material
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Digital ContentEssential Raw Material
Why have states not mandated that all text
books and educational materials purchasedmust be in both analog (paper) or digital form?Furthermore, since most of the cost of paper
materials is NOT in the content development
but in the manufacture and distribution,states should pay less for the digital
copy and subscribe to updates like other
software maintenance.If you feel lonely, put a trigger to make sure 10
or some number of states pass it before itgoes into effect.
Searching for Optimal Efficiency and Quality
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Searching for Optimal Efficiency and Quality
Cost
Lecture
Personal Tutor
Self-StudyBook
Mode and level of personalization of delivery
Discussion/Class
Courseware
Low
High
Do What Students Do
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Do What Students DoGames and simulationMix, mash and create IMTxtCell
MP3/PodcastsStream-of-consciousness surfingBloggingEmail
CollaborateMusicTVDVDs
Viral advertising
Where Can We Go From Here?
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Where Can We Go From Here?
Data-Based Decisions
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Data-Based Decisions
Being able to see and use all allowable
data in multiple formats: Textual
Tabular
Spatial Simulation
The ability to know actual outcomes of
programs from enterprise data and otherprivate data sources.
What and Where Is Work and Who or What Does It?
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What and Where Is Work and Who or What Does It?
Human Race
Workplace Workers
Distributed Workers
Outsourced Workers
Crowd Sourced
Workers
Machine RaceComputers and Robots
Workplace Machines
Distributed Machines
Outsourced Machines
Distributed
Processing
Work
Play
Neither and Both
Unbundling the Teaching Profession
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Unbundling the Teaching Profession
One job category
Job description?
Do it all and do it well.
What does that mean?
We need to face up to our teaching disabilities.
Job Description for a Teacher
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Job Description for a Teacher
Teaching
Assessment expert
Diagnostic expert
Curriculum designer
AdvisorMentor
Researcher/Writer
Public servantSocial worker
Community and Parent
Liaison
Bureaucrat
Policymaker
Medical manager
Content expert
Technology integratorDisciplinarian
Disability manager
Secretary and data entryclerk
And did I mention youhave a life?
Converged Science
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Converged Science
Neuroscience
PsychometricsBiology
Psychology
Communication and PersuasionChemistry
Physics
How these will be applied to the teachingand learning process
Consider the Medical Model and Distributed Work
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Consider the Medical Model and Distributed Work
How the health care work force is
organized: We pay doctors a lot but there is still a huge
supporting cast of specialist and professionals.
They have insurance and customers shilling forthem and occasionally annoying them.
Consider how the converging sciences ofinformation technology, neurology,
assessment and so on can be used todiagnose successful and unsuccessfullearning strategies and activities and vary
how we approach education.
Converged Learning Management
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Converged Learning Management
Student portfolios to document learning
New evaluation methodsThe link between material use, brain
research and real-time monitoring
Diagnostics with physical capabilitiesFormative assessments can be:
Technology like Web Ex, Groupsystems.com,
and audience response systems Or cheap and simple
Red dot, green dot
A-E letters
The Old New Key Questions
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The Old New Key Questions
Who teaches it?
What is taught?When is it taught?
Where is it taught?
Why is it taught?
How is it taught?
How do wemeasure teaching?
Who learns it?
What is learned?When is it learned?
Where is it learned?
Why is it learned?
How is it learned?
How do we measurelearning?
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Example: Note Taking
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Example: Note TakingIs this the reason we go to school?
It is the most practiced act.Granted: it has the benefit for some
learners of reinforcing and as a memory aid.
It is not part of the curriculum, evaluated,credited, improved.Alternatives
Notes in advance
Lecture capture, preview, or synopses
Real-time voice to text
Moving on to the next level of discourse rather
than recording the sage on the stage
Questions and Answers
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Questions andAnswers
Policy implicationsPractice
recommendations
Productrecommendations
Questions and Answers
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Richard J. H. Varn
rjmvarn@msn.com
Questions andAnswers
Education Technology Objectives
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Education Technology Objectives
Classroom and Institution Management
You want the grading and paperwork processes of teachingto be easier and more automated.
You want learners and their families to be able to do
self-service on classroom and institutional processes.
You want to know more about your learners before theyshow up for class. You want to know the results of yourspecific programs and effort with as much cause and effectanalysis as possible.
You want your results based system to roll its results up tovarious mandated reports like NCLB and to teachers,researchers, educational leaders, policy makers and
the public.
Education Technology Objectives
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Education Technology Objectives
Better Lectures and Presentations
You want to hold the attention of learnersduring lectures and presentations andappropriately use various media to enhancelearning rather than just entertain.
Reflect Work Conditions
You want your learners to learn using thesame tools, techniques and systems they will
use in the workplace.
Education Technology Objectives
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duc o ec o ogy Objec ves
Remediation
You want to spend less class time onbringing everyone up to the same
level and on addressing general study
skill issues, subject matter gaps andliteracy problems.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Technical Training
You want learners to learn to use tools andsystems that are not in themselves part of thecurriculum by using self-paced, virtual andhands-on tutorials.
Customized Learning You want use technology to match the
teaching and learning methods and materialsto be tailored to the individual knowledge,skills, learning styles and objectives of
each learner.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Diagnostic Model of Education
You want to use brain research, assessment,real time feedback and (if it becomescommonly available) physical indication oflearning activity in the brain to know if a learner
is in fact learning and responds accordingly.
Extended Learning You want the exceptional and the motivated
learners to go beyond what is required in theclass or program and beyond what you havetime to teach them.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Self-Directed Learners
You want learners who can and will learnon their own to be able to do so andreceive credit for what they learn. You
want to be able to spend more timebeing a mentor, motivator, creator, guide,evaluator and/or expert learner.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Collaborative Learning
You want your learners to work incollaborative teams and networks that arenot bound by the walls and grounds of
your location.More Learning
You want your learners to learn more
than previously possible through printtechnology and gain greater mastery overthe subject matter.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
More Cost-Effective Learning
You want learning the amount of learningper dollar spent to be greater.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy jDifferentiating Roles and Specializing
You want to allow each person to focusmore on the more narrowly defined role,specialize, and improve the quality oftheir work on their areas of expertise
(e.g., assessment, curriculumdevelopment, discussion, administrativeprocesses, lecture, mentoring,counseling, etc.) and use technology tohelp free up time and reorganize thework to make this possible.
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Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Courseware Development
You want to do what was once only theprovince of textbook companies,moviemakers and computer specialists:
make multimedia courseware.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Reach New Markets
You want to export your unique and highquality programs into areas beyond themagic 30-minute, 30-mile barrier.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Expand Offerings
You want to be able to increase yourofferings beyond what is possible and/oraffordable with conventional educational
delivery systems. You want to do this toattract and keep more students andincrease the value of your programs.
Education Technology Objectives
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gy j
Survival
You want to make sure you are notbypassed by other delivery systems
and that your school is equal to or better
than the competition in the use andavailability of education materials andinformation technology.
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