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7/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
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Decapoda
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other meanings ofdecapod, seeDecapod (disambiguation).
DecapodaTemporal range: DevonianRecent
Pre
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"Decapoda" fromErnst Haeckel's
Kunstformen der Natur, 1904
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Crustacea
Class: Malacostraca
Superorder: Eucarida
Order:DecapodaLatreille, 1802
Suborders
Dendrobranchiata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haeckel_Decapoda.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Andr%C3%A9_Latreillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucaridahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Naturhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Haeckelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleogenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cretaceoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triassichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carboniferoushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordovicianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Precambrianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_%28disambiguation%297/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
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Pleocyemata
See text for superfamilies.
The decapods orDecapoda (literally "ten-footed") are an order ofcrustaceanswithin the
classMalacostraca, including many familiar groups, such ascrayfish,crabs,lobsters,prawns
andshrimp. Most decapods arescavengers. It is estimated that the order contains nearly15,000 species in around 2,700 genera, with approximately 3,300 fossil species.[1]Nearly half
of these species are crabs, with the shrimp (c.3000 species) andAnomura(includinghermit
crabs,porcelain crabs,squat lobsters: c.2500 species), making up the bulk of the
remainder.[1]The earliestfossildecapod is theDevonianPalaeopalaemon.[2]
Contents
[hide]
1 Anatomy 2 Classification 3 See also 4 References 5 External links
[edit] Anatomy
Main article:Decapod anatomy
As the name Decapoda (from theGreek,deca-, "ten", and/ ,-pod, "foot")
implies, all decapods have ten legs. These are in the form of five pairs of thoracic appendages
on the last five thoracic segments. The front three pairs function as mouthparts and are
generally referred to asmaxillipeds; the remainder arepereiopods. In many decapods,
however, one pair of legs has enlarged pincers; theclawsare called chelae, so those legs may
be called chelipeds. Further appendages are found on the abdomen, with each segment
capable of carrying a pair of biramouspleopods, the last of which form part of the tail fan
(together with thetelson) and are calleduropods.
[edit] ClassificationClassification within the order Decapoda depends on the structure of thegillsand legs, and
the way in which thelarvaedevelop, giving rise to two suborders:Dendrobranchiataand
Pleocyemata. Dendrobranchiata consists ofprawns, including many species colloquially
referred to as "shrimp", such as the "white shrimp",Litopenaeus setiferus. Pleocyemata
includes the remaining groups, including trueshrimp. Those groups which usually walk
rather than swim (Pleocyemata, excluding Stenopodidea and Caridea) form a clade called
Reptantia.[3]
The following classification to the level of superfamilies follows De Grave et al.[1]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litopenaeus_setiferushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larvahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gillhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uropodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pereiopodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillipedhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/-podhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%82http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/deca-http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BA%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapod_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Classificationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#Anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapodahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Palaeopalaemon&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devonianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squat_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_note-Grave-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scavengerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prawnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustaceanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyemata7/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
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Whiteleg shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei(Dendrobranchiata:Penaeoidea)
Heterocarpus ensifer(Caridea:Pandaloidea)
Austropotamobius pallipes(Astacidea:Astacoidea)
Upogebia deltaura(Gebiidea:Upogebiidae)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Upogebia_deltaura.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Austropotamobius_pallipes.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heterocarpus_ensifer.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Penaeus_vannamei_01.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebiidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upogebia_deltaurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropotamobius_pallipeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocarpus_ensiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whiteleg_shrimp7/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
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California spiny lobster,Panulirus interruptus(Achelata:Palinuridae)
Polycheles sculptus(Polychelida:Polychelidae)
Australian land hermit crab,Coenobita variabilis(Anomura:Paguroidea)
Atlantic blue crab,Callinectes sapidus(Brachyura:Portunoidea)
OrderDecapodaLatreille, 1802
SuborderDendrobranchiataBate, 1888o PenaeoideaRafinesque, 1815o SergestoideaDana, 1852
SuborderPleocyemataBurkenroad, 1963o InfraorderStenopodideaBate, 1888o InfraorderCarideaDana, 1852
ProcaridoideaChace & Manning, 1972 GalatheacaridoideaVereshchaka, 1997 PasiphaeoideaDana, 1852 OplophoroideaDana, 1852 AtyoideaDe Haan, 1849 BresilioideaCalman, 1896
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Blue_crab_on_market_in_Piraeus_-_Callinectes_sapidus_Rathbun_20020819-317.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CoenobitaVariabilis2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Polycheles_sculptus.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lobster_300.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bresilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atyoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oplophoroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasiphaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheacaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stenopodideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleocyematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergestoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penaeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrobranchiatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callinectes_sapidushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_land_hermit_crabhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycheles_sculptushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palinuridaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_spiny_lobster7/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
5/9
NematocarcinoideaSmith, 1884 PsalidopodoideaWood-Mason, 1874 StylodactyloideaBate, 1888 CampylonotoideaSollaud, 1913 PalaemonoideaRafinesque, 1815 AlpheoideaRafinesque, 1815 ProcessoideaOrtmann, 1896 PandaloideaHaworth, 1825 PhysetocaridoideaChace, 1940 CrangonoideaHaworth, 1825
o InfraorderAstacideaLatreille, 1802 Enoplometopoideade Saint Laurent, 1988 NephropoideaDana, 1852 AstacoideaLatreille, 1802 ParastacoideaHuxley, 1879
o InfraorderGlypheideaWinckler, 1882 GlypheoideaWinckler, 1882
o InfraorderAxiideade Saint Laurent, 1979bo InfraorderGebiideade Saint Laurent, 1979o InfraorderAchelataScholtz & Richter, 1995o InfraorderPolychelidaScholtz & Richter, 1995o InfraorderAnomuraMacLeay, 1838
AegloideaDana, 1852 GalatheoideaSamouelle, 1819 HippoideaLatreille, 1825a KiwaoideaMacpherson, Jones & Segonzac, 2005 LithodoideaSamouelle, 1819 LomisoideaBouvier, 1895 PaguroideaLatreille, 1802
o InfraorderBrachyuraLinnaeus, 1758 SectionDromiaceaDe Haan, 1833
DromioideaDe Haan, 1833 HomolodromioideaAlcock, 1900 HomoloideaDe Haan, 1839
SectionRaninoidaDe Haan, 1839 SectionCyclodorippoidaOrtmann, 1892 SectionEubrachyurade Saint Laurent, 1980
SubsectionHeterotremataGuinot, 1977
AethroideaDana, 1851 BellioideaDana, 1852 BythograeoideaWilliams, 1980 CalappoideaDe Haan, 1833 CancroideaLatreille, 1802 CarpilioideaOrtmann, 1893 CheiragonoideaOrtmann, 1893 CorystoideaSamouelle, 1819 DairoideaSerne, 1965 DorippoideaMacLeay, 1838 EriphioideaMacLeay, 1838 GecarcinucoideaRathbun, 1904
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gecarcinucoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriphioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dairoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corystoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheiragonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpilioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calappoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bythograeoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aethroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eubrachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodorippoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raninoidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homoloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homolodromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromiaceahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachyurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paguroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomisoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithodoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiwaoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galatheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anomurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychelidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achelatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glypheideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parastacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephropoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoplometopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astacideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crangonoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physetocaridoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandaloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Processoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alpheoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palaemonoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Campylonotoidea&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stylodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psalidopodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nematocarcinoidea&action=edit&redlink=17/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
6/9
GoneplacoideaMacLeay, 1838 HexapodoideaMiers, 1886 LeucosioideaSamouelle, 1819 MajoideaSamouelle, 1819 OrithyioideaDana, 1852c PalicoideaBouvier, 1898 ParthenopoideaMacLeay, PilumnoideaSamouelle, 1819 PortunoideaRafinesque, 1815 PotamoideaOrtmann, 1896 PseudothelphusoideaOrtmann, 1893 PseudozioideaAlcock, 1898 RetroplumoideaGill, 1894 TrapezioideaMiers, 1886 TrichodactyloideaH. Milne-Edwards, 1853 XanthoideaMacLeay, 1838
SubsectionThoracotremataGuinot, 1977 CryptochiroideaPaul'son, 1875 GrapsoideaMacLeay, 1838 OcypodoideaRafinesque, 1815 PinnotheroideaDe Haan, 1833
Phylogeny of Malacostraca
[edit] References
1. ^abcSammy De Grave, N. Dean Pentcheff, Shane T. Ahyong et al. (2009)."Aclassification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans".Raffles Bulletin ofZoologySuppl. 21: 1109.
2. ^Robert P. D. Crean (November 14, 2004)."Order Decapoda: Fossil record andevolution".University of Bristol. Retrieved January 2, 2010.
3. ^G. Scholtz & S. Richter (1995). "Phylogenetic systematics of the reptantianDecapoda (Crustacea, Malacostraca)".Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society113
(3): 289328.doi:10.1006/zjls.1995.0011.
Fossil record and evolution
Origins
The origin of decapods is poorly understood, but a fossil group of crustaceans known as the
Phyllocarida are thought to hold the key. These bear a resemblance to the Decapoda and
Euphausiaceae, with a long abdomen bearing pleopods (although this is not quite as well
developed) and a bivalved carapace covering the thorax. Like decapods, this carapace has aseries of transverse grooves. AlthoughEchinocaris, a Devonian phyllocarid, shows the post-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://dx.doi.org/10.1006%2Fzjls.1995.0011http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_object_identifierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoological_Journal_of_the_Linnean_Societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Bristolhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Fossilgroups/Decapoda/Fossilrecord.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffles_Bulletin_of_Zoologyhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://rmbr.nus.edu.sg/rbz/biblio/s21/s21rbz1-109.pdfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapoda#cite_ref-Grave_0-0http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decapoda&action=edit§ion=4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogeny_of_Malacostracahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinnotheroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocypodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grapsoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptochiroideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracotrematahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanthoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodactyloideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroplumoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudozioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudothelphusoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potamoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portunoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilumnoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parthenopoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palicoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orithyioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucosioideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapodoideahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goneplacoidea7/28/2019 Decapoda inggris
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cervical and cervical grooves, it lacks the branchio-cardiac groove (instead possessing an
anterior groove [v]) and this is thought to indicate that it is more primitive than true
decapods. But it is on its way there!
There is some difficulty in using carapace grooves only.Palaeopemphix was originally
considered to belong to the Decapoda, with three transverse grooves clearly present.However, the carapace was weakly hinged, with a broad reflex in the surface (a doublure),
and this excludes it from the Decapoda, placing it instead within the Phyllocarida. Clearly
more work has to be done on groove identification before relationships among these early
forms can be better understood.
The Earliest Decapod
The earliest
decapod,
Palaeopalaemonfrom the
Devonian of the
USA, lived 100
million years
before the
Mesozoic
radiation of
decapods. It is
known from a
very well
preservedspecimen (seen
in various views,
left) and all the
major carapace
grooves may be
identified. In
addition, it lacks
exopod-bearing
pereiopods and
has five pairs of
pereiopods.
Despite the very
early occurence
of
Palaeopalaemon
, it has rather
advanced
characteristics.
For example, it
has a reptantmacrurous
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condition and,
contradicting
early
hypotheses, the
legs of this
animal aredifferentiated,
some being
chelate, while
others are
achelate.
Trends in Decapod Evolution
Even thoughPalaeopalaemon was a crawler, it
is still thought that the first decapods were
swimmers. For swimmers, the escape
mechanism is a powerful contraction of the
abdomen, which results in a very rapid backward
movement. However, as a more benthic lifestyle
is adopted, the large abdomen (pleon) actually
becomes a hindrance. There is therefore a
reduction and loss of the pleopods, and the
abdomen (while never actually lost) is greatlyreduced and held under the body where it is used
only in reproduction (as in the crabs). For some
time the origin of crabs was unknown, but in the
1930s the missing link,Eocarcinus, showed that
it must lie among the Pemphicidea, an extant
group of lobsters.
Diagram showing the major changes in body shapethrough time, from top to bottom
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When looking at the carapace grooves, many
changes were associated with the increasing
complexity of decapods throughout their
evolution. As the walking legs of decapods
become specialised (or at least differentiated)
with the adaptation towards a benthic mode oflife, the lower surface of the carapace had to
expand. The carapace grooves then crowded
together. As the thoracic somites also adapted to
these changes, the increasing nonfunctional areas
became reduced and this may have led to a
posteriorly directed elongation of the branchio-
cardiac groove. Finally, as the attractor
epimeralis muscle became concentrated into a
smaller space, the anterior and lateral margins of
this groove became reduced or even disappeared
completely.
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