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Deontological Theories
Deontological TheoriesThe Kingdom of Ends
Dr. Clea F. Rees
ReesC17@cardiff.ac.uk
Canolfan Addysg Gydol Oes Centre for Lifelong LearningPrifysgol Caerdydd Cardiff University
Yr Hydref/Autumn 2014
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Deontological TheoriesOutline
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
Outline
The Categorical ImperativeFirst Formulation of The Categorical ImperativeSecond Formulation of The Categorical Imperative
Overview
The Kingdom of Ends
Kant on Omelas
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Deontological TheoriesThe Categorical Imperative
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
The Categorical Imperative
Recall that the Categorical Imperative is:I the single, comprehensive ethical principle;I the ‘Only Guide You Need!’
There is only one principle butI Kant offers multiple formulations.
(We’ve looked at two.)These are allegedly equivalent.
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Deontological TheoriesThe Categorical Imperative
First Formulation of The Categorical Imperative
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
First Formulation of The Categorical ImperativeFormula of Universal Law (FUL)
Formula of Universal Law (FUL)Act only on that maxim which you can will as a universal law.
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Deontological TheoriesThe Categorical Imperative
Second Formulation of The Categorical Imperative
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
Second Formulation of The Categorical ImperativeFormula of Humanity as an End in Itself (FHEI)
Formula of Humanity as an End in Itself (FHEI)Always act so as to treat rational beings as ends in themselves, andnever merely as means.
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Deontological TheoriesThe Categorical Imperative
Second Formulation of The Categorical Imperative
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
Second Formulation of The Categorical ImperativeMaya Angelou, Graduation
How might FHEI help illuminate the point of Angelou’s story?
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Deontological TheoriesOverview
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
Overview
Good Will (Shining Jewel)⇑
Act from duty⇑
One supreme moral principle=
The Categorical Imperative⇓
First Formulation =? Second Formulation= =
FUL FHEI⇒ Perfect⇒ Imperfect
}Duties
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Deontological TheoriesThe Kingdom of Ends
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
The Kingdom of Ends
The Kingdom of EndsA being is a member of the Kingdom of Ends iff the being is aperson.
The Kingdom of Ends consists of persons, and the ends of persons.
Images: joannelala, 2008 (www.clker.com); Holbein, Joab’s Artifice, 1895 (FCIT, 2014) b
Deontological TheoriesThe Kingdom of Ends
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
The Kingdom of Ends
Each and every person is:both
1. a sovereign or legislatori.e. aware of the moral law, able
to universalise, able to willaccording to reason etc. etc.
and2. a subject
i.e. subject to those moral laws
Images: joannelala, 2008 (www.clker.com); Holbein, Joab’s Artifice, 1895 (FCIT, 2014) b
Deontological TheoriesThe Kingdom of Ends
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
The Kingdom of Ends
In this way, rational beingsdetermine or legislate the moral lawfor themselves.
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Deontological TheoriesKant on Omelas
Virtue
Vice
Moral
Imm
oral
Ethical
Unethica
lPe
rmissi
bleImpermissible
Kant on OmelasWhat should Kant say about Omelas?
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