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EFEKTIVITAS QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ROM PADA LANSIA DENGAN
OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI POSYANDU KENDAL KEREP
MALANG
PROPOSAL SKRIPSI
Diajukan Sebagai Salah Satu Syarat
Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Fisioterapi
OLEH :
YOSIKA SEPTI MAULUDINA
NIM. 201310490311077
PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
ii
EFEKTIVITAS QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ROM PADA LANSIA DENGAN
OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI POSYANDU KENDAL KEREP
MALANG
SKRIPSI
Untuk Memenuhi Persayaratan Mencapai Derajat Sarjana Fisioterapi (S.Ft) Pada
Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
OLEH :
YOSIKA SEPTI MAULUDINA
NIM. 201310490311077
PROGRAM STUDI S1 FISIOTERAPI
FAKULTAS ILMU KESEHATAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
iii
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN
EFEKTIVITAS QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ROM PADA LANSIA DENGAN
OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI POSYANDU KENDAL KEREP
MALANG
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh :
YOSIKA SEPTI MAULUDINA
201310490311077
Skripsi ini Telah Disetujui dan Dipertahankan Dihadapan Tim Penguji
Pada Tanggal 19 Juni 2017
iv
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
EFEKTIVITAS QUADRICEPS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE
TERHADAP PENINGKATAN ROM PADA LANSIA DENGAN
OSTEOARTHRITIS KNEE DI POSYANDU KENDAL KEREP
MALANG
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh :
YOSIKA SEPTI MAULUDINA
201310490311077
Diujikan
Pada Tanggal 19 Juni 2017
v
SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini:
Nama : Yosika Septi Mauludina
NIM : 201310490311077
Program Studi : Program Studi Ilmu Fisioterapi FIKES UMM
Judul Skripsi : Efektivitas Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise Terhadap
Peningkatan ROM Pada Lansia Dengan Osteoarthritis Knee Di Posyandu Kendal
Kerep Malang
Menyatakan dengan sebenarnya bahwa Tugas Akhir yang saya tulis ini
benar-benar hasil karya sendiri, bukan merupakan pengambilalihan tulisan atau
pikiran orang lain yang saya akui sebagai tulisan atau pikiran saya sendiri.
Apabila dikemudian hari dapat dibuktikan bahwa Tugas Akhir ini adalah
jiplakan, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.
Malang, 13 Juni 2017
Yang membuat pernyataan
Yosika Septi Mauludina
NIM. 201310490311077
vi
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena atas berkat,
rahmat, hidayah dan keridhaan-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan
judul “Efektivitas Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise Terhadap Peningkatan
ROM Pada Lansia Dengan Osteoarthritis Knee Di Posyandu Kendal Kerep
Malang”. Skripsi ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat guna memperoleh gelar
Sarjana Fisioterapi (S.Ft) pada Program Studi S1 Fisioterapi Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
Penulis menyadari bahwa tugas akhir ini dapat terselesaikan berkat bantuan,
arahan, dukungan, dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Penulis tidak lupa
mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada yang terhormat :
1. DRS Fauzan, MPd selaku rektor Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang
2. BapakYoyok Bekti Prasetyo, M.Kep., Sp.Kom. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
3. Ibu Atika Yulianti, SST., Ft., M.Fis. selaku Ketua Program Studi Fisioterapi
Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.
4. Ibu Sri Sunaringsih Ika Wardojo, SKM, MPH. selaku Dosen Pembimbing I
yang telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan, dan motivasi dalam penyusunan
skripsi ini.
5. Bapak Rakhmad Rosadi, SST., FT., M.Sc. selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang
telah memberikan bimbingan, arahan, dan motivasi dalam penyusunan skripsi
ini.
vii
6. Bapak Dimas Sondang Irawan, SST., Ft., M.Fis. selaku dosen pembimbing
akademik yang telah memberikan arahan, dukungan, dan motivasi sehingga
penulis dapat menyelsaikan skripsi ini.
7. Kedua orang tua yang selalu mendoakan, memberikan semangat, mendukung
baik secara moril maupun materi sehingga skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan.
8. Seluruh Dosen Program Studi Fisioterapi yang telah memberikan ilmunya.
9. Masyarakat dan anggota Posyandu “Tejomoyo” Kendal Kerep, Malang
10. HIMATERA FIKES UMM
11. TIM UPIL
12. Teman-teman asisten laboratorium Prodi Fisioterapi UMM
13. Teman-teman Fisioterapi B 2013 yang selalu memberi semangat dan motivasi
dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
14. Teman-teman penelitian Eva, Rima, Ria, Ninin, Risqy, Rizky yang selalu
memberi semangat dan bantuan dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini
15. Sahabatku KUMPO SQUAD (Ryan, Afri, Imam) Iin, Fatimah, Della, Ainun,
Alfian, Habibah Squad, dan seluruh pihak yang telah memberikan semangat
dan motivasi dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
Penulis menyadari dalam penulisan tugas akhir ini masih terdapat kekurangan
dan jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu, koreksi dari bapak ibu pembimbing
dan penguji serta kritik dari berbagai pihak sangat diperlukan bagi penulis untuk
menyempurnakan penulisan. Semoga skripsi ini bermanfaat bagi masyarakat dan
instansi kesehatan.
Malang, 02 Desember 2016
Penulis
x
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ……………………………………………………….
SAMPUL DALAM …………………………………………………………
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ………………………………………………..
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ………………………………………………...
KEASLIAN PENELITIAN ………………………………………………...
KATA PENGANTAR ……………………………………………………...
ABSTRAK ………………………………………………………………….
ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………...
Hal
i
ii
iii
iv
v
vi
viii
ix
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................. x
DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................ xiii
DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR ..................................................................................... xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. xvi
BAB I : PENDAHULUAN
A. Latar Belakang ........................................................................
1
B. Rumusan Masalah ................................................................... 5
C. Tujuan ..................................................................................... 5
D. Manfaat ................................................................................... 6
E. Keaslian Penelitian ................................................................. 6
BAB II : TINJAUAN PUSTAKA
A. Lansia ......................................................................................
10
B. Anatomi Knee joint ................................................................. 11
C. Biomekanik Knee Joint ........................................................... 20
D. Capsular Pattern pada Knee Joint .......................................... 23
E. Osteoarthritis Knee ................................................................. 24
1. Definisi .............................................................................. 24
xi
2. Etiologi .............................................................................. 24
3. Patofisiologi Osteoarthritis Knee ...................................... 25
4. Tanda dan Gejala ............................................................... 26
5. Diagnosis ........................................................................... 27
6. Grade ................................................................................. 29
7. Penatalaksanaan Osteoarthritis Knee ................................ 30
8. Komplikasi ........................................................................ 31
F. Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise ........................................ 31
1. Definisi .............................................................................. 31
2. Teknik ................................................................................ 32
3. Kontraindikasi ................................................................... 34
G. Range of Motion ...................................................................... 35
1. Definisi .............................................................................. 35
2. Alat Ukur Goniometer ....................................................... 36
BAB III : KERANGKA KONSEP & HIPOTESIS
A. Kerangka Konsep .................................................................... 39
B. Hipotesis .................................................................................. 40
BAB IV : METODE PENELITIAN
A. Metode Penelitian ................................................................... 41
B. Kerangka Penelitian ................................................................ 42
C. Populasi, Sampel, dan Teknik Sampling ................................ 43
D. Variabel Penelitian .................................................................. 44
E. Definisi Operasional Variabel ................................................. 45
F. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ................................................. 45
G. Etika Penelitian ........................................................................ 46
H. Instrumen Penelitian ................................................................ 47
I. Prosedur Pengumpulan Data ................................................... 47
A. Rencana Analisis Data ............................................................. 50
BAB V : HASIL PENELITIAN DAN ANALISA DATA
xii
A. Analisis Univariat ................................................................... 52
1. Karakteristik Sampel Berdasarkan Usia dan Jenis
Kelamin ............................................................................
52
2. Distribusi Rata-Rata Nilai ROM Lutut Sebelum Terapi
Quadriceps Stengthening exercise ...................................
53
3. Distribusi Rata-Rata Nilai ROM Lutut Sesudah Terapi
Quadriceps Stengthening exercise....................................
54
B. Analisis Bivariat ..................................................................... 54
1. Perbandingan Nilai ROM Lutut Sebelum dan Sesudah
diberikan Terapi Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise......
55
2. Uji Normalitas................................................................... 55
3. Efektivitas Nilai ROM Lutut Sebelum dan Sesudah
diberikan Terapi Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise......
56
BAB VI : PEMBAHASAN
A. Interpretasi dan Diskusi Hasil ................................................ 57
1. Nilai ROM Lutut Sebelum (Pre-test) diberikan Terapi
Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise..................................
57
2. Nilai ROM Lutut Sesudah (Pre-test) diberikan Terapi
Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise..................................
58
3. Efektivitas Quadrieps Strengthening Exercise Terhadap
Peningkatan Nilai ROM Pada Lansia dengan
Osteoarthritis Knee di Posyandu Kendal Kerep Malang
60
B. Keterbatasan Penelitian .......................................................... 63
C. Implikasi Fisioterapi ............................................................... 64
BAB VII : KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
A. Kesimpulan ............................................................................. 65
B. Saran ....................................................................................... 65
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................
LAMPIRAN
67
xiii
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 3.1. Kerangka Konsep Penelitian ........................................................ 39
Bagan 4.1. Kerangka Metode Penelitian ........................................................ 41
Bagan 4.2. Bagan Penelitian .......................................................................... 42
xiv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Grade Osteoarthritis ............................................................... 30
Tabel 4.1 Definisi Operasional ............................................................... 45
Tabel 5.1 Karakteristik Responden Berdasarkan Usia dan Jenis
Kelamin ...................................................................................
53
Tabel 5.2 Rata-rata Nilai ROM lutut Sebelum diberikan Terapi
Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise ........................................
53
Tabel 5.3 Rata-rata Nilai ROM lutut Sesudah diberikan Terapi
Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise ........................................
54
Tabel 5.4 Perbandingan Nilai ROM lutut Sebelum dan Sesudah Terapi
Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise ........................................
55
Tabel 5.5 Hasil Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov Smirnov Data Pre-tes dan
Pos-tes Pemberian Terapi Quadriceps Strengthening
Exercise ...................................................................................
56
Tabel 5.6 Efektivitas Quadriceps Strengthening Exercise Terhadap
Peningkatan ROM Lutut Sebelum dan Sesudah Terapi ..........
56
xv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Struktur Knee Joint ................................................................. 12
Gambar 2.2. Articular Cartilage ................................................................. 14
Gambar 2.3. Ligament pada Knee Joint ...................................................... 16
Gambar 2.4. Musculus Quadriceps Femoris ............................................... 17
Gambar 2.5. otot posterior knee joint .......................................................... 19
Gambar 2.6. Persarafan pada Knee Joint ..................................................... 20
Gambar 2.7. Korelasi otot quadriceps dengan biomekanik knee joint ..... 21
Gambar 2.8. Articular Kinematic Knee Joint .............................................. 22
Gambar 2.9. Capsular Pattern pada Knee Joint ......................................... 23
Gambar 2.10 Isometric quadriceps supine .................................................. 33
Gambar 2.11 Isometric Quadriceps Prone .................................................. 33
Gambar 2.12 Theraband exercise knee extension ....................................... 34
Gambar 2.13 Standard Goniometer ............................................................. 36
Gambar 2.14 Pengukuran flexi knee dengan goniometer ............................ 37
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. SOP quadriceps strengthening exercise dan pengukuran
ROM
Lampiran 2. Lembar Observasi
Lampiran 3. Lembar Penjelasan Kepada Responden
Lampiran 4. Lembar Permohonan Menjadi Responden
Lampiran 5. Lembar Persetujuan Menjadi Responden (Informed
Consent)
Lampiran 6. Data SPSS Uji Normalitas
Lampiran 7. Data SPSS Paired T Test
Lampiran 8. Data Nilai ROM responden
Lampiran 9. Dokumentasi
Lampiran 10. Lembar Konsultasi Bimbingan Skripsi
Lampiran 11. Lembar Persetujuan Seminar
Lampiran 12. Curriculum Vitae
67
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