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El verbo “gustar”¿Te
gusta mi coche?
Sí, me gusta
mucho.
Gustar = to be pleasing
•Gustar is used to express preferences, likes, and dislikes.
•However, gustar means “to be pleasing,” and is constructed very differently from the English “to like.”
Gustar = to be pleasing
gustogustasgusta
gustamos
gustan
Gustar is a completely regular -ar verb in its conjugation. But most often you
see only the 3rd person forms used.
I like it.In English, we say . . .
In Spanish, “it” becomes the subject of the sentence and we say instead . . .
It’s pleasing to me.
Gustar = to be pleasingIn Spanish, the thing or things that we like are expressed as being “pleasing to us.”
. . . where “it” is the
direct object.
“I” is then expressed as the indirect object phrase “to me.”
I like Spanish.
Spanish is pleasing to me.
El español gusta me.But, of course, in Spanish, pronouns must be placed before conjugated verbs.
me gusta.In Spanish, this would literally be . . .
Now, it so happens that, by convention, the subject (in this case El español) is generally placed at the end of the sentence with this type of construction.
Let’s start by talking about something we all like.
Following the format on the previous slide, we would say . . .
me gusta.El españolel español.
I like Spanish.
Spanish is pleasing to me.
Me gusta
It turns out, then, that the sentence in Spanish is exactly the reverse of that in English, in its sense,
and also in its word order.
The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns
metele
nos
les
• To express that others like Spanish, only the indirect object pronoun needs to change, since Spanish remains the subject in all the sentences.
• Me gusta el español. I like Spanish.
• Te gusta el español. You like Spanish (informal)
• Le gusta el español.
– He / she likes Spanish. *or* You (formal) like Spanish.
• To express that others like Spanish, only the object pronoun needs to change, since Spanish remains the subject in all the sentences.
• Nos gusta el español.
– We like Spanish.
• Les gusta el español.
– They like Spanish. *or* You all like Spanish.
gustogustasgusta
Since most of the things or people that please us are expressed in third person, the two forms of gustar that are used most commonly are gusta and gustan
gustamosgustáisgustan
Me gusta el verano.
No me gustan las tardes aburridas.
I like summer.
I don’t like boring afternoons.
GUSTA
Use the form gusta with a singular noun.
Examples of gusta + singular noun:
• Me gusta la literatura.
• Nos gusta la universidad.
• ¿Te gusta el español?
GUSTAN
Use the form gustan with 2 or more nouns, or with a plural noun.
Examples of gustan + nouns:
• Me gustan el arte y la música.
• No me gustan los lunes.
• Me gustan las matemáticas.
¿Gusta o gustan?
1. Me _______ los deportes.
2. ¿Te ________ el español?
3. Le _______ el español y el inglés.
4. No nos _______ los lunes.
5. Me ______ los viernes y los sábados.
6. Les ______ el libro de español*.
7. Te ______ las matemáticas.
gustan plural noun
singular noun
2 nouns
plural noun
2 nouns
singular noun
plural noun
gusta
gustan
gustan
gustan
gusta
gustan
When gustar is used with one or more infinitive verbs, only the third person singular (gusta) is used.
Me gusta leer.
Me gusta leer, jugar fútbol, y viajar.
So remember, use gusta with a verb or with a list of verbs!
Gustar + infinitive• Remember, use the form “GUSTA” + a verb
or list of verbs, even if the verb is followed by a plural noun.
• Ex: “Me gusta estudiar las ciencias” vs.
“Me gustan las ciencias.”
What is the difference between these two phrases? The first has an infinitive verb after gustar – the second does not.
¿Gusta or gustan?
1. Nos ______ estudiar.
2. Me _____ estudiar y leer.
3. Te ______ estudiar, aprender, y leer.
4. Les ______ hablar el español.
5. ¿Le _______ aprender las matemáticas?
6. Me ______ preparar para mis clases.
¿Gusta or gustan?1. Nos _gusta__ estudiar.
2. Me _gusta____ estudiar y leer.
3. Te __gusta____ estudiar, aprender, y leer.
4. Les __gusta____ hablar el español.
5. ¿Le __gusta__ aprender las matemáticas?
6. Me _gusta__ preparar para mis clases.
*ALWAYS gusta + infinitive verb, even if the infinitive is followed
by a plural noun – just look at what comes DIRECTLY after gustar.
Gusta or Gusta: Summary
In summary:
• We use GUSTA with a singular noun, a verb, or a list of verbs
• We use GUSTAN with 2 or more nouns or with a plural noun.
The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns
mete
le
to meto you (informal)
to him, to her, or to you (formal)
The verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns
nos
les
to us
to them, or to you all
Nos gusta este apartamento.
Gustar is used with indirect object pronouns
We like this apartment.
¿Les gusta el tiempo hoy?Do you all like the weather today?
Le gustan mucho las fotografías.He/She likes the photographs a lot.
No me gusta el yogur.I don’t like yogurt.
¿Te gusta cenar en casa?Do you like to eat dinner at home?
When we like something a lot (mucho) or more (más) than something else, mucho and más immediately follow the verb gustar:
Me gusta mucho comer.I really like to eat.
¿Te gusta mucho estudiar?
Do you like to study a lot?
When we like something a lot (mucho) or more (más) than something else, mucho and más immediately follow the verb gustar:
¿Te gusta más el invierno o la primavera?Do you like winter or spring best?
Me gusta más la primavera.I like spring best.
Again, the verb gustar is used exclusively with indirect object pronouns
mete
le
nos
les
(a mí)(a ti)
(a usted)(a él)(a ella)
(a nosotros)
(a ustedes)(a ellos)(a ellas)
These are mandatory
(for clarification or emphasis)
The prepositional forms are optional
To emphasize or clarify…
• To emphasize or clarify an indirect object you can also use the corresponding prepositional pronouns.
• These are normally used the “personal a” in front of them.
For example:
• A mí goes with me
• A nosotros goes with nos
Examples: • A mí me gusta el invierno.
• ¿A ti te gusta el invierno?
• A Marcos y a Julia les gustan mucho los viernes.
• A nosotros nos gusta leer.
• ¿A Ud. le gusta jugar al fútbol y hacer ejercicio?
***Don’t forget the “personal a”!!!
All the prepositional forms can be used to emphasize the object pronoun form.
no le gustan los frijoles, pero sí me gustan.
doesn’t like beans, but
A Juan a mí
Juan I do.
Notice that because Juan and I were stressed in the above sentence in English, we added the
prepositional forms a Juan and a mí in Spanish to reflect that stress.
Le encantan las bananas.Since le can represent a number of different people, we may
need to add a prepositional form to avoid confusion.
Since the third-person pronoun le can be ambiguous, it sometimes requires prepositional forms for clarification.
A él le encantan las bananas.
A ella le encantan las bananas.
A Ud. le encantan las bananas.
A Luis le encantan las bananas.
¡Vamos a cantar!
Me gusta cantar / bailar / contar / jugar.
Me gusta means I like it, and
Tú me gustas means that I like you!
Me gusta leer / comer / reír / vivir
No me gusta…
• To make a “gustar” statement negative, place NO directly in front of the indirect object pronoun (me, te, le, nos, les).
Examples:
• No me gusta estudiar.
• (A nosotros) no nos gusta el libro.
• ¿(A ti) no te gustan las ciencias?
• No me gustan las matemáticas.
¡Vamos a cantar!
No me gusta cantar / bailar / contar / jugar.
No me gusta means don’t like it, and
Tú no me gustas means that I don’t like you!
No me gusta leer / comer / reír / vivir
¡OJO!
• In some Spanish speaking countries it’s perfectly appropriate to use gustar + a person to say you like someone. (i.e. Tú me gustas = I like you)
• However, in other countries this is interpreted as attraction… so be careful!
¿Te gusta o no te gusta?
• Hold up the smiley face if you like the following things, and the frown if you don’t like them.
¡Me gusta! No me gusta.
¿Te gusta o no te gusta?
la comida mexicana
la comida italiana
la comida china
la comida americana
¿Te gusta o no te gusta?
la música salsa
la música jazz
la música country
la música clásica
¿Te gusta o no te gusta?
limpiar la casa
bailar
viajar (travel)
estudiar
Más expresiones
¡Me encanta! = I love it!
¡Lo odio! = I hate it!
Práctica¿Qué te gusta? Decide whether or not you
like these items and share your opinions.
1.el centro estudiantil 5. aprender idiomas
2. los sábados 6. el español
3.vivir en un apartamento 7. correr
4. las matemáticas 8. los libros de Twilight
*Don’t forget to match gusta or gustan with the noun(s)/verb(s)
Respuestas – gusta or gustan
1. gusta (+singular noun) 5. gusta (+verb)
2. gustan (+plural noun) 6. gusta (+singular noun)
3. gusta (+verb) 7. gusta (+verb)
4. gustan (+plural noun) 8. gustan (+plural noun)
P. 198: Otros verbos
• There are many other verbs in Spanish which function like gustar (see list on p. 198).
• We’ll practice more with these next class.
• But for now, notice that:
–ar verb endings: –a or –an
–er or –ir verb endings: –e or -en
aburrir to bore; to tireencantar to delight; to be extremely
pleasingfaltar to be lacking or neededfascinar to be fascinatinginteresar to be interestingmolestar to be a bother or to annoyparecer to seemquedar to be left; to remain
Many other verbs function like gustarThese, too, are used with indirect object pronouns.
FIN
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