EN 403 Assgn 110100003 & 100100069

EN 403 ENERGY BALANCE ASSIGNMENT

GUIDEProf. Manoj Neergat

Submitted by:Sanchay Saxena 110100003Gaurav Mani 100100069

COUNTRY: FRANCEBASE YEAR: 2011

CONTENTS• Overview of France• Primary energy by source• Sector-wise consumption• Relevant data• Energy Balance of France• CO2 emissions• Growth trends• Comparison with India and the World• Concluding remarks • References/ Data sources

OVERVIEW OF FRANCEFrance is the third largest in Europe. With a total population of around 67 million, it is the 3rd most-populous European country. France has the second-largest economy in Europe in terms of nominal gross domestic product (GDP), after Germany, and the fifth largest in the world. It relies on a diversified set of imports to meet most of its oil and gas consumption. France was the 12th largest oil consumer and 7th largest net importer of petroleum liquids in 2011. The country's main source of electricity generation is nuclear power, second to USA. France has 58 operable reactors with a total capacity of 63.1 GW. France also produces a significant amount of energy from renewable resources.

PRIMARY ENERGY BY SOURCE TOTAL PRIMARY ENERGY SUPPLY(in ktoe)

4%26%

4%

14%

2%1%

6%

45%

PRIMARY ENERGY BY SOURCE

COAL & PEATCRUDE OILOIL PRODUCTSNATURAL GASHYDROGEOTHERMALBIOFUELSNUCLEAR

SECTOR WISE CONSUMPTION

11%

17%

15%8%6%

33%

4%5%

ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR

INDUSTRYTRANSPORTRESIDENTIALCOMMERCIALAGRICULTUREELECTICITY GENERATIONENERGY INDUSTRY’S USENON-ENERGY

RELEVANT DATA

Population of France: 67.6 millionGDP (PPP): $ 2.513 TRILLIONGDP per capita: $ 39,771.84Gini coefficient: 0.327 HDI: 0.893

ENERGY BALANCE OF FRANCE

CO2 Emissions

CO2 emissions: 361.27 million tonnes of CO2

Emissions per capita: 5.424 tonnes of CO2

CO2emissions per GDP: 0.136 kg of CO2

Percentage of world emissions: 1.15%

The level of CO2 emissions in France is lower than in other IEA countries. There are several reasons for this, including the continued importance of nuclear power in France’s energy mix (thus avoiding the need for more carbon-intensive electricity generation), policies that have slowed the growth in emissions from the transport sector, and emissions reductions in sectors such as industrial processes and waste.

GROWTH TRENDS • TPES

• SECTOR WISE CONSUMPTION

OTHER TRENDS• In 2008, natural gas accounted for nearly 15% of TPES, up

from 12% in 1990 but still well below the IEA European average of 25%.

• Energy generation from various sources also gives an interesting trend. The spectacular progress of France in the field of nuclear energy.

COMPARISON WITH INDIA AND WORLD• TPES (for 2011 in ktoe)

France India World0.00

20.00

40.00

60.00

80.00

100.00

120.00

TPES(%)

NUCLEARBIOFUELSGEOTHERMALHYDRONATURAL GASOIL PRODUCTSCRUDE OILCOAL & PEAT

• TOTAL CONSUMPTION (in Quad Btu)

year 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

5

10

15

20

25

FranceIndia

• CO2 emissions (million metric tonnes)

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20100

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

FRANCEINDIA

CONCLUDING REMARKSThe energy policy of France seeks to achieve a balance between the environmentally responsible production and use of energy, the growth and competitiveness of the economy, and secure and competitively priced energy and infrastructure. To meet these objectives, the French government in 2007 launched an impressive environmental programme, Grenelle de l’Environnement, which sets ambitious targets, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors. The government has also made commendable efforts in enhancing gas supply security and forwarding initiatives to expand infrastructure and interconnections with neighbouring countries. These efforts should make regional electricity and gas markets more stable and secure. In the nuclear power sector, France has created an independent Nuclear Safety Authority and established a comprehensive framework for managing all kinds of radioactive waste and materials.

REFERENCES/ DATA SOURCES

[1] International Energy Agency, http://www.iea.org/countries/membercountries/france/,July 25, 2013[2] US Energy InformationAdministration, EIA, http://www.eia.gov/countries/country- data.cfm?fips=FR, July 26, 2013[3] SOeS, bilan de l’énergie 2010 [5] International Energy Agency, ‘Energy Balances of OECD Coountries ‘ IEA Statistics 2010 Edition[4] http://www.developpementdurable.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/Ref_energie_2010.pdf[5] Trading Economics: France GDP Growth rate: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/france/gdp-growth, July 28, 2013[6] Wikipedia France : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France