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Formula Booklet: Physics
Mechanics
Average velocity Δ
Δ
sv
t= unit: 1m s−
Average acceleration Δv
Δa
t= unit: 2m s−
Equations of uniformly accelerated motion
0v v a t= +
2
0 02
as s v t t= + +
Force F m a=
Elastic force ΔF k s= − k: spring constant
Momentum
Definition p m v= unit: -1kgm s
Δ ΔF t m v= for constant m
Δ
Δ
pF
t=
Work and Energy
ΔW F s= unit: joule J
2 2 21J 1Nm 1kg m s−= =
Kinetic energy 2
kin
1
2E m v=
Change in kinetic energy
2
kinΔ Δ2
m vE W
= =
Energy stored in an initially unstretched spring
( )21
Δ Δ Δ2 2
kW E F s s= = =
Potential gravitational energy
potΔ ΔE F s m g h= − = in a uniform field
1 2pot
m mE G
r= −
in a radial gravitational field
Electrical potential Energy π
1 2pot
04
Q QE
r=
Mechanical energy of charge Q2 (Q1) in circular motion around Q1 (Q2)
π
1 2mech
08
Q QE
r=
Electron Volt
unit: eV Energy equivalent to that of an electron accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 1 V
Uniform Circular Motion
Angle d r = unit: rad (radian) d: arc length, r: radius
Angular velocity Δ
Δ
v
t r
= = unit: rad s-1 or
1s−
Period π2 1
Tf
= =
Centripetal acceleration 2
2
cent
va r
r= =
Centripetal force 2
2
cent
m vF m r
r= =
Simple Harmonic Motion
Definition F k x= −
( )sinx A t=
Velocity ( )cosv A t =
Acceleration ( )2 2sina A t x = − = − where π π2 2f T = =
Energy 2 21
2E m A =
Gravitation
Gravitational force 1 2G 2
m mF G
r=
G: universal gravitational constant
2021-01-D-19-en-6
Formula Booklet - Physics S6-S7 Version 6
Electricity and Magnetism
Electric field intensity F
EQ
= unit: 1 11NC 1V m− −=
Work done by electric force ( )AB A BΔW Q U Q U U= = −
Electric potential AA
EU
Q=
Electric field Intensity due to a point charge π 24
QE
r=
ε: unit: 1F m−
permittivity of the mediumin which the experiment is conducted
Force between two point charges π
1 2
24
Q QF E Q
r= =
Capacitance Q
CU
= unit: farad F
11F 1C V−=
Parallel plate capacitor A
Cd
=
Energy stored in a charged capacitor
22
2 2 2
Q C QE U U
C= = =
Parallel circuits 1 2 3...C C C C= + + +
Series circuits 1 2 3
1 1 1 1...
C C C C= + + +
Time constant T R C=
Magnetic Induction or Magnetic Flux Density Δ sin
FB
I L =
unit: tesla T
1 11T 1N A m− −=
Magnetic Induction due to a solenoid
N IB
L=
Permeabilityr 0
=
π 7 1
0 4 10 T m A − −=
Lorentz force LsinF B q v =
Magnetic flux B A = where B ⊥ A unit: weber Wb
21Wb 1T m 1V s= =
Induced electromotive force Δ Δ
Δ Δ
A BU B v I
t t
= − = − =
inductance, self and mutual Symbol ,L M unit: henry H
1 11H 1Vs A 1WbA− −= =
in one circuit d d
d d
IU L
t t
= −
between two circuits d d
d d
IU M
t t
= −
Waves
Progressive wave πsin 2t x
y AT
= −
Refractive index of a Medium '
cn
c=
wave speed ... c: ... in vacuum c’: ... in the medium
Path difference PA PB = −
unit: meter m
at a point P, where A and B are the positions of two coherent sources
Doppler effect Δ
,f v
v cf c
= v: speed of approach c: wave speed
Quantum Mechanics
Work function 0W
unit: joule J The minimum energy to extract an electron from a given metal’s surface
Photon energy E h f= h: Planck constant
Photon momentum h
p
=
De Broglie wavelength h h
p m v = =
Atomic mass unit Symbol u 1 u = 1/12 mass of a Carbon-12 atom
Mass-energy equivalence 2E m c=
Binding energy 2ΔE m c= −
Radioactive Decay
Activity d
d
NA
t= −
unit: becquerel Bq
11Bq 1s−=
Decay constant 1 d
d
A N
N N t = = − unit: s-1
2021-01-D-19-en-6
Formula Booklet - Physics S6-S7 Version 6
Notes for inclusion with the Physics Formula booklet
October 2020
Purpose
This formula booklet is intended as a memory aid for students, in order to facilitate testing of
understanding and application of concepts in the light of the competence-based marking
system.
It relates to the current S6-S7 syllabus with reference 1998-D-45-Physics Syllabus S6-S7.
This list of formulae is not exhaustive. Other formulae, or alternative versions of the given
formulae, may be used by students where appropriate.
Notation
It is recognised that different national systems use a variety of symbols and notation having
the same meaning. The notation chosen for this formula booklet is in line with the S6 S7
syllabus.
Permitted use
This booklet is intended for all students in S6 and S7 in the Physics course, throughout their
2 years of study.
It is recommended that teachers go through this document in class in order to make the
students familiar with the layout and content, pointing out where the notation differs from
that used in class.
Students may have access to the booklet during in-class tests at the discretion of the teacher.
Clean copies on coloured paper will be distributed to all students for all Physics exams
in S6 and S7, including the Pre-Bac exams and the European Baccalaureate’s written and oral
exams.
2021-01-D-19-en-6
Formula Booklet - Physics S6-S7 Version 6
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