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Powerpoint sobre anatomia humana en los temas de Gametogénesis. Ciclo ovárico. Primeras semanas de desarrollo
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GAMETOGNESISYCICLOOVRICO
GradodeFarmacia+NHD7deSeptiembrede2015
Introduccin
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J_knnENhzwgg
Introduccin
MITOSIS
Sadler,2001
Gametognesis
Sadler,2001
MEIOSIS Gametognesis
Gametognesis
Divisiones meiticas anormales: fenmenos de no disyuncin
Sadler,2001
ANEUPLODIAS Gametognesis
Dnde,cundo
ycmo
tiene
lugar
laformacin
delosgametos?
Clulas germinalesprimordiales4 semana
5 semana de desarrollo
saco vitelino
Gametognesis
ModeradorNotas de la presentacinRecent work from zebrafish (Nature 421:226) suggests a major mechanism for homing PGCs to their proper position on the gonadal ridge is the chemokine SDF-1and its receptor CXCR4. The receptor was first found associated with entry of HIV into human immune cells and has since been implicated in breast cancer metastasis
Trompauterina
A m
ampolla
itsmo
infundbulo
fimbrias
Cuerpoamarillo
ovario
Orificioexternodeltero
Frnix
delavagina
miometrio
endometrioitsmo
Orificiointernodeltero
cuello
fondocuerpo
Aparato
genitalfemenino
Tbulosseminferos
Conductilloseferentes
Conductodeferente
RedtesticularRetetestis
epiddimo
Testculo,epiddimo
yconducto
deferente
Moore,Persaud,1998
Gametognesis
Gametos
masculino
yfemenino
Moore, Persaud, 1998
A B
1.Reducirelnmerodecromosomasalamitad:4623
CLULASGERMINATIVASPRIMARIASEspermatocito
primario
Ovocitoprimario
Apareamiento Intercambio Separacin 1
divisin
2
divisin
GAMETOS
DNAX2
23pCrMITOSIS
DNAX2 46pCr
23pCr
23pCr
FECUNDACIN:ESPERMATOZOIDE+OVOCITOCIGOTO(ampollatrompauterina)
Clulasomtica(DNA)
Gametognesis
Intercambiodematerialgenticoentrecromosomashomlogos:variabilidadgentica
Nmerohaploidedecromosomas(1/2deADN)
Espermatocito
primario2(22Cry1CrX)
2(22Cry1CrY)
4gametosmaduros(ESPERMATOZOIDES)
Ovocitoprimario3(22Cry1CrX)
1(22Cry1CrX)
3cuerpospolares
1gametosmaduro(OVOCITO)maduracin
maduracin
2.Modificarlaformadelasclulasgerminativas:
Espermatocito
primario:citoplasmacabeza,cuelloycola
Ovocitoprimario:Aumentagradualmentedetamao
espermiognesis
MEIOSIS Gametognesis
HIPOTLAMO
HIPFISIS
OVARIO
TERO,TROMPAS,MAMAS,
VAGINA
GnRH
FSHyLH
EstrgenosyProgesterona
CONTROLHORMONAL(CICLOOVRICO)
Cicloovrico
Carlson,2004
Cicloovrico
Ovulacin Cuerpo
lteoCuerpolteodegenerando
Hormonas
pituitarias
Hormonas
delovario
DaFasemenstrual
Faseproliferativa
FaseSecretora
Fasemenstrual
Cicloovrico
Folculoenmaduracin
ModeradorNotas de la presentacinThree different cycles: ovarian, uterine, cervicalHypothalamus releases GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) - stimulates release of gonadotropins from anterior pituitary (FSH and LH)Increase in FSH does what its name implies (Follicle stimulating hormone) - 1) stimulates follicles to grow (and support cells to proliferate). Stimulates ~5-12 follicles/cycle, 2) stimulated the production of LH receptors on the surface of granulosa cells, Thecal cells also have a small # of LH receptors - do not increase in response to FSH.Pituitary begins to release a small amount of LH which initially binds to LH receptors on thecal cells and stimulated the production of testosterone which is converted in granulosa cells to 17-b estradiol (human form of estrogen).
This ovarian hormone(estrogen) in turn 1) affects the cervix by inducing proliferation of cells of the uterine wall and thinning the cervical mucosa (allowing sperm to enter), 2) stimulated expression of more FSH receptors on the granulosa cells, 3) feedsback on the pituitary to DECREASE the production of FSH = how one follicle winsAt low estrogen conc = inhibit LH production in the pituitaryAt hi estrogen conc = stimulates LH productionAt hi sustained estrogen levels = LH from pituitary AND feeds back to hypothalamus to induce GnRH which stimulates even more LH and stimulated FSH = = = so called LH surge --- this induces a breakage of the gap junctions between the oocyte and the granulosa cells (talk about oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI)LH surge (really pulses) is follwed a few hours later by ovulation - looks like an inflammatory response - increase in histamine, plasminogen activator = protease, prostraglandins that stimulate contraction of the ovaryAfter ovulationLH stimulates cells remaining of the follicle to begin producing progesterone the follicle now becomes called the corpus luteum (also secretes some estrogen - mostly progesterone) proges + estro feed back and shut down production of FSH which shuts down any more follicle development ----- hence classic birth control pills/patches are a form of delivery of estrogens and progesterone. egg + corona radiata swept into uterine tube ---- open to the world
No fertilisation - C.L. degrades, no more progesterone, no more estrogen, endometrium loses blood supply and sloughs, and FSH, etc reset and prepare again
If fertilisation - oocyte finishes meiosis II and off we go. hCG produced by trophoblasts maintains C.L. etc
HIPOTLAMO
ADENOHIPOFISIS
FSH LH
FOLCULO
OVULACIN
Ovocitoprimarioreanuda1
divisinmeitica
MADURACIN
OVARIO
TROMPADEFALOPIO
FECUNDACIN
FUSINDEGAMETOSYENLAREGINDELAAMPOLLADELATROMPAUTERINA
FOLCULO
Espermatozoidesvaginaterotrompadefalopio
Ovocitoestransportadohaciaalacavidaduterina
metafaseII
Cicloovrico
Moore,Persaud,2003
Cicloovrico
CIGOTO
MRULA
SEGMENTACIN
Primerasemanadedesarrollo
Primerasemanadedesarrollo
Moore,Persaud,2003
SEGMENTACIN
Sadler,2001
Segmentacinytransportedelcigoto
Mrula cavidaduterina
Masacelularinterna:embrin
Masacelularexterna:placenta
blastocisto
Masacelularexterna:trofoblastocitotrofablasto
sincitocitotrofablasto
Masacelularinterna:embrioblastoepiblasto
hipoblastoDISCOGERMINATIVO
BILAMINAR
2
SEMANADEDESARROLLO
CavidadAmnitica(superioralepiblasto)SacoVitelino
(inferioralhipoblasto)
Segundasemanadedesarrollo
Sadler, 2001
Blastocisto:
5
dadesarrollo
Primerasemanadedesarrollo
Fasedeimplantacin:
6
dadedesarrollo
Moore,Persaud,2003
Primerasemanadedesarrollo
Sadler,2001
Segundasemanadedesarrollo
8
dadedesarrollo:
estado
bilaminar
Sadler,2001
Segundasemanadedesarrollo
9
dadedesarrollo:estado
bilaminar
lagunastrofoblsticas
Segundasemanadedesarrollo12
dadedesarrollo: mesodermoextraembrionario
Sadler,2001
Sadler,2001
13
dadedesarrollo: celomaextraembrionario vellosidadescorinicasSegundasemanadedesarrollo
Sadler,2001
Implantacin
Embarazotubrico
Sadler,2001
Implantacin
ImplantacinenelfondodesacodeDouglas
Sadler,2001Netter,1989
Implantacin
3
SEMANADEDESARROLLOGASTRULACIN
Formacindelas3hojasgerminativasdelembrin
Nduloprimitivo
Lneaprimitiva
epiblasto
DISCOGERMINATIVOTRILAMINAR
ECTODERMO
ENDODERMOMESODERMO
Terecera
semanadedesarrollo
GASTRULACIN
Terecera
semanadedesarrollo
MoorePersaud,1999
GASTRULACIN
Terecera
semanadedesarrollo
Clulasdelepiblasto
migrandoatravsdelalneaprimitivaytransformndoseen
clulasmesenquimticas
Carlson,1998
GASTRULACIN
Terecera
semanadedesarrollo
ECTODERMO:SNC,SNP,epiteliosensorial
deodo,narizyojo,piel,pelo,uasehipfisis, glndulamamaria,glndulas
sudorparasyesmaltedental.
MESODERMO:Miotoma
(tejidomuscular)Esclerotema
(cartlagoyhueso)
Dermatoma
(tejidosubcutneodelapiel)Sistemavascular(corazn,arterias,venas,vasoslinfticos
yclulassanguneasylinfticas)Sistemaurogenital(rionesygnadasexceptovejiga)BazoGlndulasSuprarrenales
ENDODERMO:RevestimientoepitelialdeltractogastrointestinalAparatorespiratorioVejigaParnquimadeltiroides,paratiroides,hgadoypncreas
RevestimientodelacavidaddeltmpanoytrompadeEustaquio
PERODOEMBRIONARIO:hasta8
SEMANA
Perodoembrionario
organognesis
Carlson,2004
Tercerasemanadedesarrollo
Estado
Trilaminar
Plegamientolateral
Sadler,2001
Cuartasemanadedesarrollo:plegamientos
Sadler,2001
Plegamientolateral
Cuartasemanadedesarrollo:plegamientos
Sadler,2001
Cuartasemanadedesarrollo:plegamientos
Plegamientorostrocaudal
Nmero de diapositiva 1Nmero de diapositiva 2Nmero de diapositiva 3Nmero de diapositiva 4Nmero de diapositiva 5Nmero de diapositiva 6Nmero de diapositiva 7Nmero de diapositiva 8Nmero de diapositiva 9Nmero de diapositiva 10Nmero de diapositiva 11Nmero de diapositiva 12Nmero de diapositiva 13Nmero de diapositiva 14Nmero de diapositiva 15Nmero de diapositiva 16Nmero de diapositiva 17Nmero de diapositiva 18Nmero de diapositiva 19Nmero de diapositiva 20Nmero de diapositiva 21Nmero de diapositiva 22Nmero de diapositiva 23Nmero de diapositiva 24Nmero de diapositiva 25Nmero de diapositiva 26Nmero de diapositiva 27Nmero de diapositiva 28Nmero de diapositiva 29Nmero de diapositiva 30Nmero de diapositiva 31Nmero de diapositiva 32Nmero de diapositiva 33Nmero de diapositiva 34Nmero de diapositiva 35Nmero de diapositiva 36Nmero de diapositiva 37Nmero de diapositiva 38Plegamiento lateralNmero de diapositiva 40Nmero de diapositiva 41
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