View
230
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
1/48
History of Islamic Civilization
GLIMPSES FROM THE LIFE OF
UMAR BIN KHATAB
By
Muhammad Hozien
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
HIS EARLY YEARS
CLAN, FAMILY AND TRIBE OF UMAR
UMARS SUBMISSION TO ISLAM
THE MESSENGERS MAIN COUNSELORS AND ADVISORS
THE DEATH OF THE PROPHET and Abu Bakrs Khalifah
MAIN ADVISOR TO ABU BAKR
THE KHALIFAH [RULE] OF UMAR
CONTRIBUTIONS AND INNOVATIONS OF UMAR.
UMAR AS A LEADER
UMARS CONQUESTS "FUTHAT"
DEATH AND LEGACY
CONCLUSION
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION:
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
2/48
Umar is one of the few leaders of Islamic Civilization
It was Abdullah ibn Masood [1] who said of him, "W
There are many traditions that speak of the high reg
During his time many new innovations were adopted. The
There is quite number of good works on Umar in Arabic. T
While in this short thesis we can only point to some
The turning points during Umars life are in his Submi
HIS EARLY YEARS:
Umar was born in Mecca 13 years after the incident of th
We later see him as wrestler who used to attend the
Umars personality was dynamic, self-assertive, frank
CLAN, FAMILY AND TRIBE OF UMAR:
Umar belonged to the Adi clan from the Tribe of Quraish.
Umars family was considered among the families that ser
UMARS SUBMISSION TO ISLAM
There are three versions of Omars conversion, the s
Umar went straight to his sisters house where he fo
What was this faith that made even weak women so
Umar went straight to the house where the Prophet was s
Shortly after the conversion Umar and Hamza had le
THE MESSENGERS MAIN COUNSELORS AND ADVISORS
There are many narrations that the Messenger was h
There are other traditions that point to the excellent quali
As-Suyuti further states that Abu Abdullah ash-Shaybani i
For the above mentioned reasons that the Messeng
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htm8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
3/48
THE PROPHETS DEATH OF AND ABU BAKRS KHALIFAH [
When the Prophet died Umar was in denial and refu
Umar had convinced them that Abu Bakr was the ideal ch
MAIN ADVISOR TO ABU BAKR
Abu Bakr had high regard for Umar who said: "There is no
Further Abu Bakr had asked Usmah bin Zaid permission to
Although Abu Bakr did not take every advice that wa
THE KHALIFAH [RULE] OF UMAR
The appointment of Umar to office of Khalifah is a well re
Umar succeed Abu Bakr the day after his death. *20+ Abu
Umar rule was to last ten years which are full of acco
SOME OF THE CONTRIBUTIONS AND INNOVATIONS OF U
In this area Umar would excel as no other for many r
1. Establishment of Public Treasury [23] .
2. Establishments of courts of Justice and appointment
3. Placing the reserve army on the states Payroll and or
4. Establishment of Postal service. [26]
5. Establishment of the Land Revenue department. [27]
6. Survey and assessment of lands. [28]
7. Public census. [29]
8. Punishment of those who practice Monopoly by exile
9. Establishment of and use of Jails. [31]
10. Building of Canals and Bridges. [32]
11. First to use the Whip. [33]
12. Establishment of Public Rest Areas, hostels and Wud
13. Fixing the date to the Start of the Migration of the M
14. Dividing the state and the conquered territories into
15. Founding of new cities (al-Amsar) such as Kufa16. Zakat on Produce of the sea, such as fish, Lobst
17. Use of secret reports and specially designated emiss
18. Salary for Imams, Muadhans (Callers to prayer)
19. Stipends for the poor among the Jews and Chri
20. Punishment for drunkenness, written satires an
21. Establishment of Guilds for certain trades. [41]
22. Prohibition of the mention of womens names i
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htm8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
4/48
23. Holding tarawih (Ramadan night prayers) in co
24. Providing lighting in the Mosques at night. [42]
25. Persuading Abu Bakr to collect the Quran in on
26. Establishment of Military bases at strategic poi
27. Establishment of the Police department. [43]
28. Personally making nightly rounds to check on t
29. Formulation of the Principal ofQiyas (Analogic
30. Establishment of a more exact system of calcul
31. Limiting the relationship between Muslims and Non-
32. Establishing a stable for the lost camels. [45]
33. State intervention to control the price of merchandi
34. First to enlarge the al-Haram (the Sacred Mosque) a
35. Discovered the place of Isra, Ascension of the Messe
UMAR AS A LEADER
As was mentioned Umar had the respect and someti
Umar had the welfare of the Muslims in his mind at all tim
UMARS CONQUESTS "FUTHAT"
the immense power which the Caliphate had achiev
The conquests during Umars time are not to be taken ligh
The Muslims succeeded, then primarily because they w
Further Umar had an excellent organizational skills and a
Umar would also make good use of agents to keep watch
The City of Hims (Emas) was also a city that complained a
In his lifetime the following conquests were completed: [5
Fall of Damasucus in 14/635
Fall of Fahl in 14/635
Fall of Hims in 14/635
Fall of Balbak and Basrah
Fall Ublah and the bridge of Abi Ubydiah in Najran in
Fall of Yarmouk in 15/636
Fall of all of the Jordan except of Tabarias in 15 /635
http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htmhttp://www.muslimphilosophy.com/mih/isl/omnts.htm8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
5/48
The Battle of Yarmouk in 15 / 635
The Battle of Qadisyah in 15 /636,
In 16 /637
Battle of Jaljulah and Qansreen
Fall of Ahoz
Fall of Madain
Fall of Jerusalem in 16/637
Fall of Jazirah in 16/637
In 17/638
Fall of Hims again in 17/638
Fall of Hurmuz in 17/637
In 18/638
The City of Kufah is built in 18/639
The great Plague of Amwas, Abu Ubydaih bin al-Jara
In 19/640
Fall of Qaisariah in 19/640
Battle of Sohab in 19 /640
Fall of Takrit in 19/640
An Army is sent Aremina in 19/640
In 20 /641
Fall of Egypt in 20 /641
Fall of North Africa
Fall of Alexandria in 21/642
Fall of Nahwind in 21/641
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
6/48
Fall of Khorasan in 21/641
Fall of Antioch and Qalqalyia Pecefuly.
Fall of Adharbaijan in 22 /642
Fall of Masbithan in 22/642
Fall of Hamathan in 22 /642
Fall of Tabaristan in 22 /643
Fall of Armenia in 22 /643
Fall of Jarjan in 22/643
Fall of Koos and Raiy in 22/643
Fall of Tripoli (North Africa) in 22/643
Fall of Fars in 23/644
Fall of Kirman in 23/644
Fall of Sajastan in 23/644
Fall of Makran in 23/644
Fall of Khurasan (including Khawarazm, Farghanah, T
DEATH AND LEGACY
In the year 23/644 Umar was assassinated by Abu Lu
Umar appointed the office of Khalifah to one of six (
CONCLUSION
In the end Umar wanted nothing of this earth, it was
In His lifetime he had seen the Muslims go from bein
Umar had warned against such people living among
Umar continued to live simply to his final day. One o
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
7/48
1. al-Baladhuri. Ahmad bin Yahya Futuh al-Buldan (Con
2. al-Qarashi, Ghalib A.K.Awliyat al-Farooq fi al-Idara w
3. al-Tabari, Muhammad bin Jarir Tarikh al-rusul wal M
4. Arnold, Thomas W. The Caliphate , Barnes and Noble,
5. as-Suyuti, Jalal ad-Din The History of the Khalifahs wh
6. Blankinship, Khalid Y. The History of al-Tabari, Volum
7. Donner, Fred M. The Early Islamic Conquests , Princet
8. Jandora, John W. The March from Medina , A Revision
9. Khatab, Mahmoud S. Bayan al-Aqeedah Wal-Qayidah
10. Numani, ShibliAl-Farooq, The Life of Omar the Grea
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
8/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
9/48
that is unique other than the career of the Prophet Muhammad with whom this whole cycle of
are still noble since Omars Submission to Islam "[2] He also said "Omars Submission to Islam
rd that the companions of Muhammad had for Umar. He was the one of the two main counsel
state was expanding at a unprecedented rate and swift action needed to be taken which he did not hesi
here also seems to be quite a number of books just about him either popular or scholarly. Al-Aqads boo
f his most important contributions there are still many others that must be ignored for the she
ission to Islam and in his rule after the death of Abu Bakr the Caliph of the Messenger in 13 A.H.
Elephant, In 583 A.D. Of his early years there are not many recorded details save that he grazed camels
famed Ukaz (the annual fair.) Also due to his familys position in the Meccan Hierarchy he woul
and straight forward. He always spoke whatever was on his mind even if it displeased others.
His full name is: Umar ibn al-Khattab ibn Nufail Ibn Abdul-Uzza Ibn Riyah Ibn Qart Ibn Razah Ibn Adi Ibn K
ved as arbitrators that would settle the tribal disputes and disagreements. Also ambassadors were chose
ory Anas bin Malik relates is this version: One day, full of anger against the Prophet, he drew hi
nd her reading from pages of the Quran. He fell upon her and beat her mercilessly. Bruised an
strong of heart? He asked his sister to show him what she had been reading; he was at once m
taying and vowed allegiance to him. It is also mentioned in more than one version that before he spoke t
d the Muslims in a March on the Kabaa to worship there. [10] Later on he would openly proclai
oping that Umar would accept Islam and when Umar because of the bright future that the Mes
ties of Umar in matters of advice. One such tradition is: "Ibn Umar related that the Prophet, may Allah bl
his book Fadail al-Imamayn (the Merits of the two Imams *Abu Bakr and Umar+) had listed 20 different
r always sought the advice of Umar. It was not that the Messenger always followed Umars Con
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
10/48
RULE.]
ed to believe that he died. Umar promised to strike the head of any man who would say that h
ice to be the successor of the Messenger. He spoke about the excellent qualities of Abu Bakr and how t
t on the face of the earth a man more beloved to me than Umar." Umar was also highly regard among th
use Umar because at the time of the death of the Messenger, Umar was part of an Invasion force that w
s given to him by Umar, namely the affairs of the Ridda Wars [17] and when the Arabs refused
orded event. It is not as troublesome as any of the others. His was perhaps one of the smoothest transiti
akr was well aware of Umars powers and of his ability to succeed him. When he was dying he consulte
mplishments. In this paper I will deal with some of them in detail. His most apparent achievem
MAR.
easons some of which are that in his time the state would be stable. He dealt with many matter
f Judges. [24]
ganization of the War department. *25+
to different lands. [30]
u (Ablution) Stations. [34]
essenger. [35]
provinces. [36]
[37] , Basarah [38] and Fustat. [39]er, shrimp etc., and appointment of a responsible official.
aries to provide first reports as what is really going on in different provinces. [40]
teachers and public lectures.
tians who lived in conquered lands.
d lampoons.
n poetry.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
11/48
ngregation, before his time it was done individually.
e book.
ts in the different provinces.
e condition of the people first hand.
l Reasoning.) for determining rulings on newly encountered matters in Fiqh (Jurisprudence.)
tion of the inheritance.
Muslims. [44]
e. [46]
Mecca. First to place a cover on the Kaaba. [47]
nger to heavens at Jerusalem. [48]
mes fear of many of his contemporaries. He personally involved himself in many of the states af
es. Umars food was simple which consisted of bread and olive oil. Rarely would he eat anything else, at
d during the reign of Umar. His armies tore from the Roman empire some of its fairest provinces in the
tly the state was expanding at an exceedingly fast rate during Umars ten year rule like at no other time i
re able to organize an effective conquest movement, and in this context the impact of the new religion
ery good knowledge of people. He would not only choose who are his Army generals but also would give
over the performance of the governors. He would also periodically ask the residents of different cities of
out its governor. Umar also took appropriate action to remedy the situation. [55]
6]
14 /635
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
12/48
dies and many Muslim soliders.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
13/48
akharistan) in 23/644
aLua the Magian, who had a personal grudge against Umar. The assassin stabbed Umar in the
Uthman, Ali, Talha bin Ubiduallah, Zubair bin al-Awam, Abd ar-Rahman bin Awaf, and Saad bin
as Muywiah said of him.[59] His age was the age of Justice. Later on after he passed away his h
g the meekest of the earth to being one of the major powers to be contended with. He would r
uslims. Since his warning went unheeded it was the cause of his own death. He prided himself
his companions reminiscing about Umars days he said of him: "When he walked, he did so qui
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
14/48
uests of Nations).
l-Qada (Firsts of the Farooq in Adminstration and Judicial affairs), being a Ph.D. thesis, Muasast al-Kutu
uluk (History of the Prophets and Kings), 10 Vols. Ed. Muhammad Abulfadl Ibrahim. Dar Suywdan, Beirut,
New York, 1966.
o took the right way, being a portion of as-Suyutis tarikh al-Khulafah, translated by: A. Clarke, TaHa Publi
e XI: The Challenge to the Empires, Translated by: State University of New York Press, 1993.
on University Press, 1981.
ist Study of the Arab Conquests, The Kingston Press, Clifton, 1990.
(Between Creed and Leadership) Dar El-Fikr, Beirut, n.d.
t, Translated from the original Urdu by: Zafar Ali Khan, International Islamic Publishers, New Delhi, 1992.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
15/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
16/48
events started. From his early days he had shown signs of greatness and the future to come.
was a conquest, His Migration was a victory, His Immate [period of rule] was a blessing, I have s
rs of the Messenger, the other being Abu Bakr. There are many reasons for the greatness of th
ate to take or adopt. His bravery and simple life were trademarks of his era. His genius for leadership cle
is one of the popluar works so is Ali Tantanwi, the famous Muslim TV personality, book about Umar. Th
er number of them. A work of this size will only limit it self to the most evident and important o
/634 AD. He ruled for ten years and was assassinated by a Magian named Abu Lulu Feroze, who
for his father who was very harsh with him. In his reign he would recall his fathers harshness to him whe
d receive an above average education and would travel throughout Arabia and Greater Syria.
ab Ibn Luayy ibn Fihr ibn Malik. Ameer al Muminin, abu Hafs, al-Qurashi, al-Adwai, al-Farooq.*7+
n from his family as well. *8+
s sword and set out to kill him. A man from Bani Zuhrah (perhaps an acquaintance, who secretl
d bleeding, she told her brother, "Umar, you can do what you like, but you cannot turn our hear
ved to the core by the words of the Quran and immediately grasped their truth.
he formula the Messenger took him by the shirt and shook him up. [9]
his emigration to Medina and in one version he would dare the Meccans to harm him. [11]
senger was hoping. It is as if he was recruiting the right people for the future of the Islamic Stat
ess him and grant him peace, said, Allah has put the truth upon Umars tongue and in his heart." And an
points in which Umars Opinions matched the later revelations of the Quran. *13+
sultation but he still utilized him on many occasions.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
17/48
died. Abu Bakr kept his cool about him and reminded the people that the Messenger was hum
e Messenger had left some clues at to whom to lead after his death. [14]
e companions of the Messenger. Aisha has said: "He was, by Allah, skillful in managing affairs, absolutely
as led by Usamah. [16]
to pay theZakah (Alms, poor due, tax) in which Abu Bakr acted correctly and successfully. Abu
ions to power from one authority to another in the Muslim lands. When Abu Bakr was dying he only app
with Abdur-Rahman bin Awaf *21+ and Uthman bin Affan *22+ who regarded him quite highly.
nts are in two major categories namely, the conquests and the innovations in ruling.
s quickly and before they would rise to cause. It was also the sharpness of his personality and a
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
18/48
fairs. He was the hands on type and if he saw anything that did not please him he made no secr
imes it is recorded that he eat meat, vegetables milk and vinegar. His dress was also simple such as a shi
East, annexed the fertile land of Egypt, and pushed their way westward along the coast of North Africa; t
n the history of the Muslim Civilization.*51+ As to the reasons for the high success rate of the conquests
f Islam, which provided the ideological underpinnings for this remarkable breakthrough in social organiz
them very detailed orders. He divided up the Empire into states and placed governors in each state that
the performance of the governors. In al-Kufa he would recall Saad bin Abi Waqas due to complaints abou
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
19/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
20/48
ack and in his side below the belt with a poisoned dagger during the morning prayers. He also h
bi Waqas) to be chosen in three days. He commanded that Suhaib (the Roman) to lead the pra
ut would still be called the house of Justice. Of wealth he left nothing behind. He willed that his
member well that in his youth how he was being beaten by his father for taking a short break t
in serving not his own interest. It is said that he feared the burden of leadership and how that
ckly as to get someplace, when He spoke he was loud enough to be heard and when his hit it w
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
21/48
al-Thaqafiyah, Beirut, 1990.
, copy of the Dar al-Maraf, Cairo 2nd
edition, 1960-69.
ishers, London, 1995.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
22/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
23/48
een when we were unable to pray at "the house" [Kaba] until Umar submitted, when he Submitt
is man. He was of paramount importance in the early formation of the Islamic State.
arly is shown in his many accomplishments. The great prose writer Abas Mahmoud al-Aqad, at the turn o
Fiqh Council of (al-Majmah al- Fiqhi li Jamat al-Imam Muhammad bin Saud) Muhammad bin Saud Unive
f these accomplishments. Further this thesis will also concentrate on the conquests of the Islam
had a attacked him during prayer with a dagger and stabbed him several times.
n he passed the field which caused him pains early in his life.*6+
professed Islam) met him on the way. When Umar told him what he planned to do, he inform
ts away from Islam. " These words produced a strange effect upon Umar.
. In one of the traditions that is mentioned by as-Suyuti we see the Messenger praying that Um
other is "If there were to be a prophet after me it would be Umar ibn al-Khatab" narrated by: Uqbah bin
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
24/48
an. Then the Medinaites namely the Awas and Khazraj tribe were in dispute as to who would ta
unique." And Muawiyah has said: "Umar, the world wanted him and he did not want it" *15+
Bakr had said: "By Allah, I will fight whoever makes a distinction between the prayer and the Za
inted Umar as his successor and no other. [19]
usterity that quelled many of the troubles that would appear to his successors. Here is some of
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
25/48
et of it. He would constantly write letters of advice and guidance to his generals.
rt only which was known to have a number of patches in it. He also wore a cap and sandals. *49+
ey overran Palestine and Syria, and after crushing the armies of the Persian King, established Arab rule o
t this time period Prof. Donner states:
tion, can be more fully appreciated. In this sense, the conquests were truly an Islamic movement. For it
he would personally assign. He would keep in constant communication with all his generals and Governo
t him. He would than look into the matter and explain to the people. [54]
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
26/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
27/48
ad stabbed thirteen others seven of which died. Abd ar-Rahman bin Awaf finished the prayers
ers. He made sure that his son would not get the office but made him one of the consultants. [
hut be sold to pay off his debts. Muywaih would buy his house and payoff whatever remained o
o rest to being the most powerful man in the Arabian peninsula. He was also content that in th
e might one day be asked why he did not pave the road for a stray sheep in Persia.
uld hurt." He was a man of purpose and a Mission. He left a legacy that is not easy to follow.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
28/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
29/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
30/48
ed to Islam he fought them [the antagonistic idolaters] until they left us alone and we prayed."[
f the century had written a volume dedicated to him called, Abqaryat Umar [4], [The Genius of Umar.]
rsity in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia had published a 3 volume book on the Fiqh of Umar. There is also a Ph.D. th
ic State during his rule.
d him that Umars own sister, Fatimah, and her husband had also accepted Islam and abandon
ar accept Islam.
mir. *12+
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
31/48
ke charge after the Messenger, it was then that Umar gave biyah (oath of Allegiance ) to Abu B
ah " [18] It was at this point that Umar saw the error of his way, retracted and joined Abu Ba
his major achievements in list form.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
32/48
ver practically the whole of the old Persian empire, until they reached the banks of the Oxus in the extre
as Islam- the set of ramifications- that ultimately sparked the whole integration process and hence was
rs. [53]
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
33/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
34/48
uickly as soon as Umar fell. They rushed to the fallen Umar and knew that he was dying and th
57] His Khalifah was for a total of 10 years, six months and four days. [58]
f his debt. [60] He was Eulogized by many of his companions who remember him well. His was
end he was not killed by his own people but at the hands of a Magian.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
35/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
36/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
37/48
3]
sis that is only dedicated to the Innovations of Umar in Administration and Judicial Affairs.*5+
d your faith.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
38/48
akr.
kr in the wars.
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
39/48
me north east. *50+
the ultimate cause of the conquests success. *52+
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
40/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
41/48
t there was no hope of recovery. Abdallah bin Abbas came to comfort him.
time of stability and growth. Peace and constant war. It was not such a time of contradiction p
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
42/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
43/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
44/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
45/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
46/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
47/48
8/2/2019 Glimpses From LIFE of Umar Bin Khatab
48/48
erhaps a time of harmony.
Recommended