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FORMELSAMLING
ALLMÄN KEMI FÖR
83
Bi 208,98
4f145d106s26p3
JOM 2010
2
Jämviktslära
ba
dc
c BADCK
][][][][
=
gasn
cp RTKK ∆= )(
]][[]][[ 3−+−+ == OHHOHOHKw
pH = -log[H3O+] = -log[H+]
[ ][ ][ ]
[ ][ ][ ]HA
HAHA
OHAKa
+−+−
== 3
[ ][ ]
[ ]BOHBHKb
−+
=
baw KKK ×=
[ ][ ] %100joniseradProcent
0×=
+
HAH
[ ][ ]SyraBaspKpH a log+= Henderson-Hasselbalch
För )()()( aqxXaqmMsXM yn
xm−+ +↔ gäller:
[ ] [ ]xymnsp XMK −+= Löslighetsprodukt
Elektrokemi ∆G = -nFEcell ∆Go = -nFEo Eo
cell = Eokatod -Eo
anod (galvanisk cell) -nFE = -nFEo + RTlnQ
3
QnFRTEE o ln−= Nernsts formel
KnFRTEo
cell ln=
n(e-) · F = I · t Faradays lag Termodynamik ∆U = q + w w = -P∆V (P konstant) q = C∆T ∆H = ∆U + P∆V ∆G = ∆H – T∆S ∆Stot = ∆S + ∆Ssurr
TH
Ssurr
∆−=∆
∆G0 = -RT lnK ∆G = ∆G0 + RT lnQ
−
∆=
211
2 11lnTTR
HPP vap Clausius-Clapeyron
−
∆=
21
0
1
2 11lnTTR
HKK
Gaser PV = nRT (ideala gaser) Lösningar S = kH⋅P Henrys lag P1 = X1 P0
1 Raoults lag Kinetik
RTEAk a−= lnln
Arrhenius ekvationen
−=
'11'lnTTR
Ekk a
4
Konstanter och omräkningsfaktorer Internationellt (av Codata) rekommenderade värden baserade på mätresultat tillgängliga 1986 c = 2.99792⋅108 m⋅s-1 h = 6.6261⋅10-34 J⋅s NA = 6.0221⋅1023 mol-1 e = 1.6022⋅10-19 C F = 96485 C⋅mol-1
= 96485 J⋅V-1⋅mol-1 me = 9.10939⋅1031 kg = 5.48580⋅10-4 u mp = 1.67262⋅10-27 kg = 1.00728 u mn = 1.67493⋅10-27 kg = 1.00866 u R = 8.3145 J⋅K-1⋅mol-1 = 0.083143 L⋅bar⋅K-l⋅mol-l = 0.082058 L⋅atm⋅K-l⋅mol-l = 62.364 L⋅Torr⋅K-1⋅mol-l R⋅ln 10 = 19.1449 J⋅K-l⋅mol-l R⋅ln 10/F = 0.198423 mV⋅K-l 1 bar = l05 Pa = 105 N⋅m-2 1 atm = 1.01325 bar = 101.325 kPa 1 Torr = 1/760 atm = 1.333224 mbar = 133.3224 Pa 1 Å = l0-10 m 1 L = 10-3 m3 1 u = (1/NA) g = l.6605⋅10-27 kg 1 eV = l.6022⋅10-19 J 0 °C = 273.15 K
t/°C 0 18 20 25 30 37 50 100 RT ln 10/kJ·mol-1 5.2294 5.5740 5.6123 5.7080 5.8038 5.9378 6.1867 7.1439 RT ln 10/mV F
54.199 57.771 58.168 59.160 60.152 61.541 64.120 74.041
Ekvivalenta energier E/kJ·mol-1 E/kcal·mol-1 E/eV E/J T/K ν/cm-1
1.0 0.23901 0.010364 1.6605⋅1021 120.27 83.59 4.1840 1.0 4.3364⋅10-2 6.948⋅10-21 503.2 349.8 96.49 23.061 1.0 1.6022⋅10-19 1.1604⋅104 8066.0 6.022⋅1020 1.4393⋅1020 6.242⋅1018 1.0 7.243⋅1022 5.034⋅1022 8.314⋅10-3 1.9872⋅10-3 8.617⋅10-5 1.3807⋅10-23 1.0 0.6950 1.196⋅10-2 2.859⋅10-3 1.240⋅10-4 1.986⋅10-23 1.439 1.0
~
5
6
7
8
CP,m, J/K·mol
9
10
11
12
+1.50
13
+1.50
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Atommassor
aluminium 26.98154 magnesium 24.305 antimon 121.75 mangan 54.9380 argon 39.948 molybden 95.94 arsenik 74.9216 natrium 22.98977 barium 137.34 neodym 144.24 beryllium 9.01218 neon 20.179 bly 207.2 nickel 58.71 bor 10.81 niob 92.9064 brom 79.904 osmium 190.2 cerium 140.12 palladium 106.4 cesium 132.9054 platina 195.09 dysprosium 162.50 praseodym 140.9077 erbium 167.26 rhenium 186.2 europium 151.96 rodium 102.9055 fluor 18.99840 rubidium 85.4678 fosfor 30.97376 rutenium 101.07 gadolinium 157.25 samarium 150.4 gallium 69.72 selen 78.96 germanium 72.59 silver 107.868 guld 196.9665 skandium 44.9559 hafnium 178.49 strontium 87.62 helium 4.00260 svavel 32.06 holmium 164.9304 syre 15.9994 indium 114.82 tallium 204.37 iridium 192.22 tantal 180.9479 jod 126.9045 tellur 127.60 järn 55.847 tenn 118.69 kadmium 112.40 terbium 158.9254 kalcium 40.08 titan 47.90 kalium 39.098 torium 232.0381 kisel 28.086 tulium 168.9342 klor 35.453 uran 238.029 kobolt 58.9332 vanadin 50.9414 kol 12.011 vismut 208.9804 koppar 63.546 volfram 183.85 krom 51.996 väte 1.0079 krypton 83.80 xenon 131.30 kvicksilver 200.59 ytterbium 173.04 kväve 14.0067 yttrium 88.9059 lantan 138.9055 zink 65.38 litium 6.941 zirkonium 91.22 lutetium 174.97
21
Periodiska systemet
18
8A
2 He 10
Ne 18
Ar
36
Kr
54
Xe 86
Rn
17
7A
9 F 17
Cl
35
Br
53
I 85
At
71
Lu
103
Lr
16
6A
8 O
16
S
34
Se 52
Te
84
Po
69
Tm
102
No
15
5A
7 N
15
P
33
As 51
Sb 83
Bi
69
Tm
101
Md
14
4A
6 C
14
Si
32
Ge
50
Sn 82
Pb
68
Er
100
Fm
13
3A
5 B
13
Al
31
Ga
49
In
81
Tl
67
Ho 99
Es
12
2B
30
Zn
48
Cd 80
Hg
112
66
Dy 98
Cf
11
1B
29
Cu 47
Ag 79
Au
111
65
Tb
97
Bk
10
28
Ni
46
Pd 78
Pt
110
64
Gd
96
Cm
9 8B
27
Co 45
Rh 77
Ir 109
Mt
63
Eu 95
Am
8
26
Fe
44
Ru 76
Os
108
Hs
62
Sm
94
Pu
7 7B 25
Mn
43
Tc
75
Re
107
Bh
61
Pm
93
Np
6 6B
24
Cr
42
Mo
74
W
106
Sg
60
Nd 92
U
5 5B
23
V
41
Nb 73
Ta
105
Db
59
Pr
91
Pa
4 4B
22
Ti
40
Zr
72
Hf
104
Rf
58
Ce 90
Th
3 3B
21
Sc 39
Y
57
La
89
Ac
2 2A
4 Be 12
Mg
20
Ca 38
Sr
56
Ba 88
Ra
1 1A
1 H 3 Li
11
Na 19
K
37
Rb 55
Cs 87
Fr
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