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Hvordan fastsættes tærskel- og reference værdier i grundvand – udvalgte EU og DK eksempler. Klaus Hinsby, GEUS. ATV temamøde nr. 29, Radisson SAS Hotel, Odense, 23.4.2008. Baggrund:. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hvordan fastsættes tærskel- og reference værdier i grundvand –
udvalgte EU og DK eksempler
Klaus Hinsby, GEUS
ATV temamøde nr. 29, Radisson SAS Hotel, Odense, 23.4.2008
• For at beskytte sundhed og miljø skal EU medlemslande arbejde mod at opnå god kemisk og kvantitativ tilstand for grundvand i 2015.
• Den kemiske tilstandsevaluering foretages v.hj.a tærskelværdier som fastsættes for de stoffer der truer grundvandsforekomsten i flg. VRD art.5 karakteriseringen (dog minimumliste),
• Tærskelværdier er kvalitetskrav, der skal overholdes for at sikre god kemisk tilstand og beskytte såvel afhængige økosystemer som ”legitime anvendelser”
Baggrund:
”BRIDGE” projektet:
• EU projektet ”BRIDGE” (2004-2006) fik til opgave at udvikle og teste en metode til fastlæggelse af tærskelværdier (”TV”) på et videnskabeligt grundlag
• Den udviklede metode blev delvist testet i 14 lande i en række forskellige typer af grundvandsmagasiner og ”økoregioner” defineret i Vandrammedirektivet.
Sand and gravel (11)
Sandstone (3)
Karstic carbonates (2)
Palaeozoic carbonates (1)
Crystalline rocks (1)
Volcanic rocks (1)
LIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
Typer af grundvands-magasiner undersøgt i BRIDGE
Wendland et al., Env. Geology, 2007
WFD Ecoregions for rivers and lakes with BRIDGE case studies
Transitional or coastal water ecosystems that receive direct or indirect discharge from groundwater bodies investigated in BRIDGE
LIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
BRIDGE methodology for groundwater TV derivation:
Hinsby et al., Sci Tot Environ, in press
• Beregning af TV’er ud fra baggrundsværdier og miljøstandarder (f.eks drikkevandskrav) - for grundvand ”selv”.
XLIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
BRIDGE metode for fastlæggelse af baggrundsværdier:
LIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
High level of knowledge/data
(e.g. env. Tracers etc. –
fx Hinsby og Rasmussen, 2008)
Medium level of knowledge/data
(BRIDGE: NO3 < 10 mg/L, etc.)
Low level of knowledge/data
(check NBL of similar aquifer type)
Baggrundsværdier varierer betydeligt:
Modified from Shand & Edmunds, (in: Edmunds, WM and Shand, P., Natural Groundwater Quality, Wiley-Blackwell, London, 2008.)
25 4000 0.45 30
The BRIDGE methodology propose to select the NBL as the 90th percentile.
LIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
TV1
TV2 TV2
NBL
NBL
NBL
TVs derived for groundwater “itself” (p90):
LIsbon, 17-21 September 2007IAH 2007 – Groundwater and Ecosystems
WG C meeting Ljubljana 22.4.2008
Tærskelværdier baseret på miljømål og reference-værdier for overfladevand
Odense river
Lake Arreskov
Odense fjord / estuary
Photo Courtesy: Fyns Amt (County of Fyn)
Data from NASA (Aqua Modis) - Courtesy GRAS A/S
University of Copenhagen / DHI Water and Environment
Eutrophication:
Harmful algal blooms (Cyanobacteria) in North European coastal waters,
August 8, 2006
Photo
next
slide
OPRB
Hinsby et al., Sci Tot Environ, in press
HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM (Cyanobacteria)
BALTIC SEA BETWEEN DENMARK AND GERMANY – 25.8.2006
Photo from ferry: Klaus Hinsby
Svovl bakterier på bunden af
Odense fjord
Undersøgelser af Odense Fjord estimerer at N og P belastningen skal reduceres med hhv. en faktor 0.3 og 0.5 for at opnå god status (Nielsen et al., 2003, DMU rapporter).
Konceptuel model af Odense å oplandet:
Odense Fjord
Odense åVi antager at N og P belastningen i Odense å skal reduceres tilsvarende med hhv. en faktor 0.3 og 0.5
Land use: ~70 % Agriculture
Hinsby et al., Sci Tot Environ, in press
N x 0.3
P x 0.5
Current loads and future sustainable loads to Odense Fjord (N and P):
Table 2. Current (1997-2002) total N and total P loads to Odense Fjord (c2), environmental objective of Odense Fjord (c3), N and P loads (c5) and average concentrations (c6) of Odense river (OR), and estimated sustainable loads (c7) and concentrations (c8) of Odense river needed to comply with the WFD environmental objectives.
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8
Substance Total Load 3)
to OF(t/year)
REF_f 4)
Load(t/year)
Rf 5)
(=C3/C2)
ORKratholmload 6)
(t/year)
OR Kratholm(mg/L)
OR REF -discharge (=c4 x c5) (t/year)
OR REF- discarge to OF (=c4 x c6)(mg/L)
1997-02 1998-02 1998-02 Goal2015
Goal2015
TN1) 2434 800 0.3 1200 7.0 400 2.3TP2) 64 30 0.5 27 0.16 14 0.081) TN= org. N + DIN (NO3-N + NO2-N + NH4-N) 2) TP = Ppart. + PO4-P 3) Fyns Amt (2003), 4) Nielsen et al. (2003), 5) Reduction factor, 6) Fyns Amt data.
Annual runoff in Odense river (Kratholm) = 1.7 x 108 m3/year
x 0.3
x 0.5
Larsen et al. 2008
Odense river monitoring data, 1990-2002:
mg/L(mM)
DAF (NO3-N) = Cobs /Cae = 0.4
Average of Danish agricultural monitoring sites 1990-2002.
Depth of monitored drains and wells 1-5 m.
5m
redox front
Average of groundwater monitoring wells in OPRB 1990-2002 for wells with screen top at a depth of 10 – 20 m.
Current loads and future sustainable loads to Odense Fjord (N and P):
Table 2. Current (1997-2002) total N and total P loads to Odense Fjord (c2), environmental objective of Odense Fjord (c3), N and P loads (c5) and average concentrations (c6) of Odense river (OR), and estimated sustainable loads (c7) and concentrations (c8) of Odense river needed to comply with the WFD environmental objectives.
c1 c2 c3 c4 c5 c6 c7 c8
Substance Total Load 3)
to OF(t/year)
REF_f 4)
Load(t/year)
Rf 5)
(=C3/C2)
ORKratholmload 6)
(t/year)
OR Kratholm(mg/L)
OR REF -discharge (=c4 x c5) (t/year)
OR REF- discarge to OF (=c4 x c6)(mg/L)
1997-02 1998-02 1998-02 Goal2015
Goal2015
TN1) 2434 800 0.3 1200 7.0 400 2.3TP2) 64 30 0.5 27 0.16 14 0.081) TN= org. N + DIN (NO3-N + NO2-N + NH4-N) 2) TP = Ppart. + PO4-P 3) Fyns Amt (2003), 4) Nielsen et al. (2003), 5) Reduction factor, 6) Fyns Amt data.
Annual runoff in Odense river (Kratholm) = 1.7 x 108 m3/year
x 0.3
x 0.5
Table 3. Reference (sustainable) average groundwater discharge concentrations to Odense river (incl. drainage) and groundwater threshold values for N and P
Substance REF_concen-tration in Odense river (mg/L)
DAF 1) Derived
groundwater TV(mg/L)
N (average) 2.3 0.52) 4.6 ( ~20 mg/L NO3)
P (average) 0.08 - ? (1) 0.08
1) Dilution Attenuation Factor 2) Average of total dilution and attenuation in groundwater bodies, the riparian Zone, and Odense river estimated in two different studies (Windolf et al, 2003, Hansen et al. 2007)
Østersøen mellem Gedser og Rostock – 25.8.2006
TAK
Foto: Klaus Hinsby
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