Introduction Commissioning of cooling water system and its operation

Ver. 2.3 [Nov.07] NBI2012, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, 6th – 10th November 2012

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK

T2K Decay VolumeCommissioning &

Operational Experience

T.Ishida, M.Tada & Y.Yamada Neutrino Experimental Facility

GroupJ-PARC / KEK

[CONTENTS] 1. Introduction2. Commissioning of cooling

water system and its operation3. Vessel evacuation and He

filling4. Summary

1. Introduction

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Neutrino Secondary Beam-line

Target Station(TS), Decay Volume(DV), & Beam Dump(BD)TS: He-cooled graphite target, 3 magnetic horns, remote maintenanceDV: 94m-long tunnel with rectangular cross sectionBD: hadron absorber made of large graphite blocks, surrounding iron shields

All the apparatus are enclosed in a gigantic vacuum/helium vessel, made of carbon steel plates.

He atmosphere aims to prevent nitrogen oxide (NOx) production / oxidization of apparatus. Iron plates of the vessel are cooled by water circuits.

Maintenance is not possible after beam operation due to irradiation. Radiation shielding / cooling capacity were designed to accept up to ~4MW beam (w/o safety margin).

Decay Volume

Target Station

Beam Dump

Vessel filled w 1atm. He gasL=~110m,V=1,600m3

OA2.5o

Beam TransportFrom RCS to MLF

6m-thick concrete wallOA3o

Muon pit

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Target Station (TS)

BaffleGraphiteCollimator

Horn-1 Horn-2 Horn-3Beam windowTi-alloy

DV collimator

Large flange, sealed with Al plates, t= 120mm

1.0m Concrete

blocks

Water-coolediron cast blocks 29pcs. total 470t

Support Module

Horns / a baffle are supported from the wall of vessel by support modules. Apparatus on the beam-line are highly irradiated after beam. Remote maintenance is key issue.

Service Pit

Disasse

@ maintenance area

OTR Target

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Horns in the TS Vessel

Integrated # of pulses (~Run-3): 7~8MCurrent stability ~2%

Photos on Sep., 2009 (before Physics Run)

Horn-2[downstream]

Horn-3[upstream]

remoteConnections

Horn ~ support

Supply helium ductscovering bus-barsFlow rate (entire He vessel):2,400m3/h

Energy deposit

Joule heat

Total(kW)

Horn1 11.3 12.7 24.0Horn2 5.4 4.5 9.9Horn3 1.6 3.0 4.6

Water cooling: Heat load @ 750kW

at most~45 oC

• Alignment precision of horns : 0.3mm(x), 1mm(y), 1mm (z-beam)

Clearances ~30mm

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Decay Volume

Water circuits are separated to upstream and downstream.Each composed of 20 circuits – 40 water channels.

2009/2/27

downstream end

5.1m2009/9/26

entrance1.4m

“Plate Coil”Water cooling

channel

U-shaped pipe connection (25A)

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Plumbing at μPit

Control water flow of 260water channels (130 circuits), ~500 Valves (25A)Though it is designed to use half of the circuits for 750kW beam, we forced to use all channels with low flow rate.

It may cause troubles for carbon steel, if we remove water from the channels.

Supply header

Return header

To Decay Volume (downstream)

To BDUpstream shield

To Absorber cooling modules

[West side wall]

TP-12m

TP-5.1m

2. Commissioning of cooling water system and

its operation

Cooling Water System at NU3

[downstream DV + BD]

Similar system at TS

Superhot machine

room[B1F]

Hot machine room [1F]

Tertiary

Secondary

Heatexch.

Cooling towers

Purified water supply

N2 gas supplyfor ET

Outside yard[GL]

Expansion tank

Exp. tank[Water supplier]

DegasifierHollow fiber membrane[+ 0.5um Pre-filter]

Ion-exchange resins[+ 0.5um Pre-filter]

Muon pit[B2F]

Primary(Activated)

Temporary pump + filter system for flushing

[later moved to B1F]

Industrialwater supply

Header

[B1F+4.5m stand]

Centrifugal pumps

Water System Commissioning (Mar.2009)

1. Initial flushing with industrial water (Mar.12)2. Remove dusts/rusts AFAP by independent circuit with a pump

and filters (with purified water)3. ASA the water becomes clean, start operation of the main

water system (Apr.3) 4. Switch on degasifier to stop corrosion (Apr.6) 5. Switch on ion exchange resin system (Apr.14)

Mar. 13

Apr. 1

Serial Pleats filters(0.5um)

Bag-type filter/strainer (5um)

Cooling water system is running continuously in basis, except for the shutdown due to the earthquake

(Mar.~Jun. 2011) and repair works (Jun.~Sep.2012).

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Water System Operation

Water is clean and transparent. No corrosion observed so far.It may owe to the vacuum degasifier: dissolved oxygen O(ppm)→1~10ppbNo corrosion even after the ~3month shutdown by the earthquake

Problem: inside of circuit is coated by black color.We were forced to curve impellers/casings of the centrifugal pumps.

We stopped to use ion exchanging resins since Sep.2009Resistivity: In 1.2 /Out 18 MΩ ・ cm(Apr.14,’09) Out 13 MΩ ・ cm(Sep.14’09)They may just adsorb Fe ions, and thus erode inside of carbon steel pipes.

Flow meter of degasifier(Jul. 2009)

Chemical solutions in the primary cooling water (with resin operated): mostly powder(solid), not solution. May 1,’09 Aug.20’09

Strainer mesh(Sep. 2012)

0.2mg / litter 2g-Fe / 10m3

Pump Repair (Curve Impeller/Casing)

[Dec.26-27, 2010 for pump-1]

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Radiation Issues

Radioactive nuclei in the primary cooling waterRun-3: Mar.~Jun.9, 2012 (4month), 1.6x1020pot, -190kWMeasured on Jun.13(+4d). Only 3H is beyond limit for disposal.So far daughters of Fe is not serious problems.

Residual dose in the B1 super-hot machine roomJun.11, 2012 (+2days after beam)Pre-filter of degasifier: 600uSv/h

Degasifier itself (Hollow fiber membrane Module x 6) : 20~45uSv/h

The 0.3um pleats filter seems to be effective to adsorb 7Be

On Sep.2012, we have duplicated the pre-filter and moved into a compartment of iron shields for resins (not used)

Spc. 3H 7Be 22Na 52Mn 54Mn 48V 46Sc 51Cr 43KBq/cc 800 2.1 0.040 0.011 0.072 0.027 0.013 0.11 0.011

Disp.limit 60 30 0.3 0.5 1 0.4 0.6 20 3

Life 12.3y 53.2d 2.6y 5.6d 312d 16d 83.8d 27.7d 22.3h

600uSv/hHEX:28

Pump:2(IC)

55(IC)

PreFilter:60PostFilter:10

Resins(not used)

DP tank:1

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Degasifier

Hollow fiber membraneSEPHAREL EF-040P x 6

0.3um pleats pre-filters moved into compartment of resins(Sep. 2012)

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK How to detect water leak ?

Leak sensors installed at a drain port of the Helium vessel.

Total amount of water-supply to the expansion tank is monitored.We found 20 litter/day (~1 water drop/sec) water leak at one drain valve.This will also be a good way to identify bad water circuits.

Litters supplied in total

Nov.14, 2009

3. Vessel evacuation and He filling

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Vessel Evacuation / Leak Test

Evacuation test (Feb. 3~18,’09): The vacuum saturated w ~50Pa (Spec value: <13Pa) Leak found by helium leak detector at connection of BD/DV, where very complicated welding pattern was used. Repaired, but no time to continue helium leak tests. He-spraying pipes pre-installed in dump pit for further tests. Ceiling of dump pit closed on Feb.18th, 2009.

BD-side

BD-top

BD-upstr.(top)

BD-upstr.(side)

Feb.15 2009

3 Mechanical-booster pumps@ TS B1 stand

Evacuation for He filling[Oct.2009]

Restart evacuation（ 16th 17:30 ～）

Separate Horns（ 17th 10:00 ） @240Pa

91Pa 　Pump stopped by mistake

94Pa18:15

730Pa 　 8:05Rate= 46.0Pa/h(ave 13.8hrs)

86 Pa 10 ： 4081 Pa

He leak testsbtw Horn & Vessel(put He gas in horns)

1st experience to evacuate with full-setupAll horns & iron/concrete shield blocks, feed-through / piping.

Vacuum saturated at 80~90 Pa in a week. The leak at BD was NOT fixed. At most 10-2~10-1 Pa ・ m3/s=1~10ppmO2/dAggravation rate was 43~46 Pa/h: 20 Pa ・ m3/s

2nd trial in Oct.’09

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Test Outgas Measurements

BG 12Pa/h =3.3x10-4 Pa ・ m3/s/m2 → Vessel (1,700m2) 0.6 Pa ・ m3/s Block 47(-12)Pa/h = 1.0x10-2 Pa ・ m3/s/m2 → Shield(240m2) 3 Pa ・ m3/sThe values are still not consistent to 20 Pa ・ m3/s, but maybe comparable. Cf. Block weight: 0.023%/d →Shield(130t) 45 Pa ・ m3/s (assume all vapors remain)

Block w paint V=6e-3 m3 13 kg Reduced -3g /day by evacuation

N2 gas for purgePump

495Φ ｘ 1,000LV=0.192 m3

S=1.94 m2

60 kg scaledM =1g

Helium gas filling (Oct.29, 2009)

Filling was going very smoothly, finished in 2 hrsAn oxygen content meter and a dew point meter were set up in the drain pit of the mupit (now at B1F)

Oxygen Content / Dew point

Oxygen raised + 10ppm / 1day, but we notified Positive correlation with atmospheric pressure

The raise stopped after adding +1kPa of more helium.In later fillings we succeeded to keep vessel under 100ppm of oxygen

Dew point > 20 degC, almost saturated.

Oxygen

He pressure+10 hPa

Atm. pressure

130ppm1010hPa 1030hPa

170 ppm

110ppm

Reduce HTO during maintenance

After Run-2 (1.1x1020pot, vessel was evacuated and air was filled (apr.27-28, 2011). After a month, HTO raised up to ~1Bq/cc

Cf. Limit to work (J-PARC): 500mBq/cc (16uSv/h internal exposure) Cf. Limit for exhaust (J-PARC): 5mBq/cc in 3 month average. (X500 diluted.)

Before opening vessel, we send dried air (30m3/h) from NU3. During maintenance, vessel air is sucked (28m3/h) to NU3.

1000 mBq/cc→490 mBq/cc

4d 0.21 Bq/cc

? mBq/cc→136 mBq/cc

1.33 Bq/cc

June 16, 2011

May 26, 2011

0.86 Bq/cc0.55 Bq/cc 0.25 Bq/cc5d

0.64 Bq/cc0.38 Bq/cc 0.24 Bq/cc

Room-Gas Monitor (Affected by Rn)

Sampled gas measurements Ready to open vessel

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Dry air supplier at NU3

~500ℓ/min, dew point < -10degHollow Fiber Membrane Dryer

Refrigerated dryer

Dry air

DewP+16℃

7/8 7/11

3H monitor194mBq/cc

48mBq/cc

compressor refrige

rateddryer

Hollow fiber

membrane

Water/Mist filters F He

Vessel

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Vessel Exhaust Line at NU3

He Vesselfilter

F Pump

Waterseparator

HEPA filter

3H monitor Spec:876ℓ/min

~470ℓ/min680m3/day

Exhaust From Vessel

Pre filter

Flow meter

Waterseparator

Sample port

To HEPA filter

3H monitor

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK 4. Summary

The T2K secondary beam-line is enclosed in a giant vacuum vessel, made of carbon steel, cooled by water, and filled with 1atm. Helium.

It is the first experience for our community, how to operate such a delicate, and possibly fragile, system.

Commissioning & operation of water circulation system is reviewed.

Water is clean enough so far, and no serious corrosion observed. It may thanks to the vacuum degasifier.Whole the water lines are filled with water: it will double the radiation waste water: Desirable (but not essential) to study how to make half of pipes empty without damaging carbon steel.Radioactive nuclei in the primary water: 3H production is only deal. Fe daughters are few.

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK Summary (Cont.d)

Vessel evacuation / He gas fillingOxygen contamination of 10ppm/day was observed at commissioning

Consistent to the He leak test result at the BD pit (10-1 Pa ・ m3/s) Air contamination can be suppressed by keeping vessel pressure slightly higher than atmospheric pressure.

Established the way to keep oxygen under requirement (~100ppm)

Dew point in the vessel > 20 deg.C, almost saturated.The rate of the observed pressure rise (20 Pa ・ m3/s) may be caused by the water vapor from concrete blocks in the vessel. He purification system (molecular sieve / cold trap ) is desirable to prevent 3H production.

Decay volume / beam dump after the earthquakeDuring 2011 shutdown: Inspection by Web-camera + LEDDuring 2012 shutdown: Expansion joint was repaired, whole flexible tubes replaced.Entire system now running for Run-4 ! 26

Visual Inspection of DV/BD[Summer, 2011]

36W LED, 3,600lmilluminating angle10deg

MOS sensor, min.illuminance=0.5lxX36 (18x2EX) optical zoom

Visual Inspection of DV/BD (2)

Vessel He contaminated by air

[2012 March.]

Helium was contaminated by air ~2.5% (0.5% O2)Small amount of NOX can be produced. We will replace He anyway this summer to dilute 3H.

Thin Pipe was broken (~Mar.9)Due to vibration of theNewly introduced Metal bellows pump

Support and flexible tube is introducedTo absorb vibration.

Ishida et al. J-PARC/KEK He Vessel Leak

It may be the reason of bad OTR image… 32

Introduction Commissioning of cooling water system and its operation

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