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INTRODUCTION
Microwave communication is a cost-efective and ecient means to
connect two or more wireless points together over a variety o terrains and
space, where continuous runs o cable or ber type transmission lines would
not be practical or even possible. As basic as linking two wireless locations
together, or when used in a network combining a series o hops orming vast
relays to link a nation, microwave driven communication is used to connect
even the ar reaches o space with ground-to-space and satellite-to-satellite
communications. ellular and !ersonal ommunications "ervice #!"$
providers employ microwave communication or wireless inter-connects
between remote tower sites and switching centers. Microwave data links
provide wide bandwidths or multiple-mode transmissions e%uivalent to and
even greater than two points linked with traditional transmission line cables.
&roadband wireless systems that provide robust 'A( and )A( solutions are
being deployed globally due to their ease o installation, high perormance
and cost efectiveness.
*he most critical element o any microwave system is the ability to
ocus coverage in the most useul area. +or long distance networking hops, it
is the antennas ability to eciently ocus a signal into a narrow beam.
!arabolic antennas typically use a center-ed eed horn design that is similar
to a ashlight. A parabolic-shaped microwave antenna is capable o signal
beamwidths o less than a ew degrees, which is necessary or reliable and
intererence ree point-to-point communication. owever, not all
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communications using microwave re%uencies re%uire such ocused designs.
!oint-to-multipoint subscriber services and 'A(4)A( networks typically
re%uire a broad service area to be illuminated. "peciali5ed antenna designs,
in the orm o at panels and tuned sector arrays, use a combination o beam
steering techni%ues to electronically direct a wider beamwidth o microwave
signals into the desired coverage area, oten reerred to as a sector.+or long haul systems and particularly or systems carrying data, it is
almost mandatory to employ diversity i very high reliability is needed.
6iversity suggests that there is more than one transmission path or method
o transmission available between a transmitter and a receiver. 7n microwave
system, the purpose o diversity is to increase the reliability o the system by
increasing the availability. Although there are many ways o achieving
diversity the two o most common methods used are re%uency and space.&oth o above diversity scheme can reduce the efects o multipath
ading to insignicance. *hough space diversity re%uires the use o additional
waveguides and antennas, it is a preerable techni%ue than re%uency
diversity because it provides an ecient spectrum usage and it is
particularly efective against ground or water reective ading.*he basic principle o space diversity is to choose an interval such that
when the signal on one diversity hal is near or at the null point, the signal on
the other diversity hal will be at or near one o the ma8imum points.
Aside rom diversity congurations, another way o increasing the
availability o the system is by hot standby. )ith this techni%ue, each o
working radio channel has a dedicated back up or spare channel or it is
simply reers to a redundant e%uipments o the system.
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)ith the introduction o new and afordable digital technologies,
licensed and unlicensed #spread spectrum$ microwave data links now serve
many speciali5ed markets, including inbuilding wireless 'A(s, point-to-multi
point internet, regional broadcast subscriber services and other new and
emerging modes o personal and business communications. &roadband
wireless access #&)A$ is the provision o broadband, high-speed and high
capacity 8ed wireless data systems or 7nternet access, wireless local loop
and other applications utili5ed by both home and business customers. A wide
variety o re%uencies are utili5ed or these services, including M6"4MM6"
and unlicensed spread spectrum re%uencies in the 9 :5 band, licensed
8ed wireless spectrum in the ;.< :5 band, =(77 band re%uencies in the persons. &ulacan had
a median age o 9; years in 9F.
Population by yearYear1 Population2
1948 394,000
1960 515,000
1970 738,000
1975 900,000
1980 1,096,000
1990 1,505,000
1995 1,784,000
2000 2,234,000
2007 2,826,926
Econo'%
In)u&(ri&
*he province o &ulacan is steadily becoming industriali5eddue to its
pro8imity to Metro Manila. Many corporations put up industrial plants and
site in &ulacan. "ome o the businesses and industries include AgribusinessH
A%uacultureH &ankingH ement&ag Making eramicsH onstructionH ourierH
0ducationH +ood4+ood !rocessingH +urnitureH :armentsH :its, ouseware
6ecorsH ospitalsH otels, /esorts /estaurantsH 7normation and
ommunications *echnologyH 7nsuranceH KewelryH leather leather tanningH
ManpowerH ManuacturingH MarbleH !rinting !ressH !yrotechnics +ireworks
ManuacturingH /ealty4/eal !roperty 6evelopmentH "hoe ManuacturingH
*e8tileH*radeH*ransport"ervicesH*ravel*oursH ?ther "ervices
!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agribusinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decors&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanninghttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrotechnicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan#endnote_Bulacan_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrializationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agribusinesshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bankinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceramichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_Processinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furniturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garmentshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Decors&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hospitalshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotelshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resortshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restaurantshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_and_Communications_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewelryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leatherhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanninghttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manpowerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marblehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printing_Presshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrotechnicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fireworkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Realtyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_Propertyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tradehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tours7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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A"ri*u&in&& + a,uacul(ur
*he rural areas still mostly depend on agriculture#in the plains$ and
sheries#in the coastal areas$ as a source o income. "ome o the ma1orcrops are rice, corn, vegetables, and ruits such as mangoesH and various
kinds o shes and seaoods.
Ban-in" an) .nanc
&ulacan is served by all ma1or banks with more than 9 banks doing
business in the province. *he entrepreneureal culture is supported by the
strong cooperative movement with total assest o over !h! 9 &illion.
Tranor(a(ion an) roa) n(/or-&
&ulacan is dubbed as @*he :ateway to the (orthern !hilippines@. *he
province is linked with Metro Manila primarily through the (orth 'u5on
08presswayand Manila (orth /oad#well known as the MacArthur ighway$
which crosses the province into !ampangaand western part o (orthern
'u5on #western entral 'u5on, 7locosand ordillera Administrative /egion$.
)hile taking the agayan Palley /oadin :uiguinto, the road leads to (ueva
0ci1aand to the eastern part o (orthern 'u5on #eastern entral 'u5onand
agayan Palley /egion$. &ulacan will be accessed by the uture -J /oad
connecting the provinces o /i5al and avite and the cities o *aguig,
!araOa%ueand Muntinlupawhich are located in Metro Manila.
!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisherieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_North_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagayan_Valley_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiguintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisherieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Luzon_Expresswayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manila_North_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacArthur_Highwayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera_Administrative_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagayan_Valley_Road&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guiguintohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayan_Valley_Regionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taguig_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Para%C3%B1aque_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntinlupa_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manila7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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*he MacArthur ighway traverses the province rom north to south.
Most ma1or towns can be reached through the (orth 'u5on 08pressway. A
good number o motor vehicles owned largely by private individuals provide
mobility to &ulacans populace. Aside rom ve main highways that traverse
the province, all roads are widely dispersed throughout &ulacan.
&us terminals o &aliuag *ransit, aliornia &us 'ine, "ampaguita 'iner
and /oyal 0agle are in &aliuag, &alagtas and agonoy. *he main bus lines o
!hilippine /abbit, Pictory 'iner, Aladdin *ransit that originate rom their main
terminals in Manila, !asay and Lue5on ity and travel northward to cities
and towns in !ampanga, *arlac and Rambales, pass through &ulacan via the
*abang e8it.
!ublic transportation within the province, like in most o the urban
areas in the !hilippines, is acilitated mostly using ine8pensive1eepneysand
buses. *ricycles are used or short distances.
In)u&(rial &(a( an) #ar-&
*his is a partial list o industrial sites in the province.
!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23
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+irst &ulacan 7ndustrial ity -
Malolos ity
7ntercity 7ndustrial 0state -
)akas, &ocaue
&ulacan Agro-7ndustrial
"ubdivision - alumpit
&ulacan Metro )arehouse
#&M)$ enter - :uiguinto
Meycauayan 7ndustrial "ubd.
7, 77, 777 7P - Meycauayan
Meridian 7ndustrial
ompound - Meycauayan
Muralla 7ndustrial !ro1ect -
Meycauayan
+irst Pelen5uela 7ndustrial
ompound - Meycauayan
"terling 7ndustrial !ark !hase
7, 77, 777 7P - Meycauayan
:rand 7ndustrial 0state -
!laridel
"apang !alay 7ndustrial
0states - "an Kose del Monte
ity
Agus 6evelopment
orporation - "ta. Maria
&ulacan 7* !ark - Marilao
:olden ity &usiness !ark -
)akas, &ocaue
"terling 7ndustrial !ark -
MArilao
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&ulacan got the top place or @':=Is with ighest :ross 7ncome@ #!h!
B,FBF,J,.$ and @*op "pender by ':=Is@ #!h! B,;GC,G9,.$, and
third #;rd$ among the @*op !rovinces with :enerated &iggest (et 7ncome@
#!h! ;J>,B>,.$ according to the 9J A((=A' +7(A(7A' /0!?/* -
'?A' :?P0/(M0(*" o the ommission o Audit. *he rst time to top the
perennial top placer, which was the !rovince o ebu.
*he province got the top place or @':=Is with ighest :ross
7ncome@ #!h! B,>F,J,.$, second #9nd$ in @*op "pender by ':=Is@
#!h! B,;F9,BJ,.$, and third #;rd$ among the @*op !rovinces with
:enerated &iggest (et 7ncome@ #!h! G;G,>;,.$ according to the 9F
A((=A' +7(A(7A' /0!?/* - '?A' :?P0/(M0(*" o the ommission o
Audit.
&ased on the ommission o AuditIs 9> Annual +inancial
/eport or 'ocal :overnments, the provinceIs total gross income had
increased to !h! B,CJ
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San Ra!alis a Bst class municipalityin
the provinceo &ulacan, !hilippines. According to the latest census, it has a
population o >G inhabitants in BG,J;C households.
Buil( U# Ara
)ith the continuous e8pansion o Metro Manila, the municipality is nowincluded in Manila built up area which reaches "an 7ldeonso in its
(orthernmost part.
Baran"a%&
"an /aael is politically subdivided into ;G barangays#< urban, 9C
rural$.
&MA-&alagtas
&anca-banca
aingin
oral na &ato
ru5 na 6aan
6agat-dagatan
6iliman 7
6iliman 77
apihan
'ibis
'ico
Maasim
!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_municipalityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacan_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barangay7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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Mabalas-balas
Maguinao
Maron%uillo
!aco
!ansumaloc
!antubig
!asong &angkal
!asong allos
!asong 7ntsik
!inacpinacan
!oblacion
!ulo
!ulong &ayabas
"alapungan
"ampaloc
"an Agustin
"an /o%ue
*alacsan
*ambubong
*ukod
=lingao
"apang !ahalang
!roposed Microwave 'ink rom "an /aael, &ulacan to abanatuan ity, (ueva 0ci1a - )iMA23
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Nueva Ecija Province
Map of the Philippines with Nue$a Eci%a highlighted
Coordinates: 15#5N 12100E 15!5"#N
121ECoordinates: 15#5N 12100E
15!5"#N 121E
Nuva Eci0a #+ilipinoEBagong Ekiha$ #!":E ;GCH ISOE
!-(=0$ is a landlocked province o the !hilippines located in the entral
'u5onregion. 7ts capital is !alayan ity. (ueva 0ci1a borders, rom the south
clockwise, &ulacan, !ampanga, *arlac, !angasinan, (ueva Pi5caya, and
Aurora.
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Languagehttp://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provcode=034900000®Name=REGION%20III%20(Central%20Luzon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)http://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://toolserver.org/~geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nueva_Ecija¶ms=15_35_N_121_00_E_region:PH_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwikihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filipino_Languagehttp://www.nscb.gov.ph/activestats/psgc/province.asp?provcode=034900000®Name=REGION%20III%20(Central%20Luzon)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PHhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulacanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangasinanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_(province)7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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Hi&(or%
(amed ater the old city o Sci1ain "eville, "pain,(ueva 0ci1a was
created as a military comandancia in BFFF by :overnor :eneral laverTa,
with the capital, Kosean at &aler#now part o Aurora$. 7t was ormerly part o
the province o !ampanga. +rom its humble beginning, its land area grew to
cover almost the entire island o 'u5on. "panish /ecords in the !hilippines
recogni5es 9 "panish countries in the !acic-- Las Islas Filipinasand Nueva
cija. !overty was the only reason why (ueva 0ci1a was not given recognition
as a separate country rom the !hilippines by the Uing o "pain in B>Gs.
+rom BFFF to BCBF, (ueva 0ci1aIs territory was however subdivided to give
way to the creation o other provinces. *he !rovince o *ayabas #now Aurora
and Lue5on$ including !olillo 7slands, the provinces o !alanan #now 7sabela$,
agayan, the province o (ueva Pi5caya, the territory which became part o
the !rovince o Luirino, and the province o Manila north o the province o
*ondo in B>JF, and the 6istrict o Morong #now /i5al$ were among those
created out o (ueva 0ci1a.
7n B>CJ, (ueva 0ci1a became one o the rst provinces to revolt
against "panish rule, and one o the provinces which declared its
independence in B>C>.
Econo'%
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_comandancia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baler,_Aurorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89cijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevillehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Military_comandancia&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_Generalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baler,_Aurorahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampangahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luzonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_Spainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora_provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabela_(province)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagayanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nueva_Vizcayahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quirinohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tondo,_Manilahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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(ueva 0ci1a is considered the main rice growing province o the
!hilippines and the leading producer o onions in the Municipality o
&ongabon in "outh 0ast Asia.
Ma0or In)u&(ri&
(ueva 0ci1a is one o the top producers o agricultural products in
the country. 7ts principal crops is mainly rice but corn and onion are also
produced in %uantity. *he province is oten reerred to as the V/ice :ranary
o the !hilippines.W ?ther ma1or crops are onion, mango, calamansi
#calamondin orange$, banana, garlic, and vegetables. *he town o &ongabon
at the eastern part o the province at the oot o the "ierra Madre mountains
and its neighbouring 'aur and /i5al are the ma1or producers o onion and
garlic. &ongabon is called the @onion capital o the country@.
0ducation is very well established as a ma1or industry in the
province. *he leading educational institutions are the entral 'u5on "tate
=niversity in Muno5 and (ueva 0ci1a =niversity o "cience and *echnology,
)esleyan =niversity-!hilippines, 'a +ortuna ollege and Araullio =niversity in
abanatuan. *here are B> tertiary level institutions in abanatuan ity alone.
ealth services are also a notable industry and a number o
hospitals cater to patients rom within (ueva 0ci1a and some coming rom
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neighbouring provinces. *here are also a number o schools o nursing and
midwiery, mostly in abanatuan.
ere are poultry arms in a number o towns, most notably, the
'oren5o poultry arms in "an 7sidro which is one o the largest in the
country. 6uck raising and egg production is also an important
livelihood. +ishponds are unevenly distributed throughout the province
but the largest concentrations are in "an Antonio, "anta /osa, and
uyapo.
+abrication o tricycle @sidecars@ is widespread in the province,
notably in "anta /osa, where prices are as low as !h! F, which is
practically the cheapest in the country.
"everal areas have mineral deposits. opper and manganese
have been ound in :eneral *inio, arranglan, and !antabangan. *he upper
reaches o arranglan and !alayan ity are said to contain gold.
7n Kune 9>, it has also received the titleE @Milk apital o the
!hilippines@ due to the reason that (ueva 0ci1a gathers more milk rom both
cows and carabaos or water bufaloes than any other place in the !hilippines.
*he !hilippine arabao enter is located in '"= compound in Muno5 ity.
Go"ra#$%
P$%&ical
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*he province is the largest in entral 'u5on. 7ts terrain begins
with the southwestern marshes near the !ampanga border. 7t levels of and
then gradually increases in elevation to rolling hills as it approaches the
mountains o "ierra Madre in the east, and the araballo and ordillera
ranges in the north.
Ci(i&
abanatuan ity
:apan ity
!alayan ity
"an Kose ity
"cience ity o MuOo5#website$
Munici#ali(i&
Aliaga (ampicuan
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_City,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City_of_Mu%C3%B1ozhttp://www.sciencecityofmunoz.ph/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaga,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampicuan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabanatuan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gapan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palayan_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose_City,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_City_of_Mu%C3%B1ozhttp://www.sciencecityofmunoz.ph/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliaga,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nampicuan,_Nueva_Ecija7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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&ongabon
abiao
arranglan
uyapo
:abaldon#&itulok
"abani$
:eneral Mamerto
(atividad
:eneral *inio
:uimba
KaXn
!antabangan
!eOaranda
Lue5on#&ertese and 7log &aliwag$
/i5al
"an Antonio
"an 7sidro
"an 'eonardo
"anta /osa
"anto 6omingo#Uonsehal Kayson "agnip,
Rone B "an +abian$
*alavera
Cabanatuan City, NuevaEcija
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongabon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabiao,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carranglan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyapo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabaldon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Tinio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimba,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantabangan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1aranda,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Isidro,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Leonardo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talavera,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongabon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabiao,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carranglan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuyapo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabaldon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Mamerto_Natividad,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Tinio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guimba,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaen,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantabangan,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B1aranda,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quezon,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizal,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Antonio,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Isidro,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Leonardo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo_Domingo,_Nueva_Ecijahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talavera,_Nueva_Ecija7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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*he Ci(% o! Ca*ana(uan#+ilipinoE Lungsod ng Cabanatuan$ is a
rst class, urban cityin the provinceo (ueva 0ci1a, !hilippines. 7t is
considered the commercial, industrial and educational hub o the province.
According to the latest census, it has a population o 9
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o the astest-growing cities in the country. 7t has a metropolitan population
o Y,99 #as o "eptember 9C$ registered tricycles.
Hi&(or%
abanatuan was ounded as &arrio o :apan in BF
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abanatuan was also the epicenter o a massive earth%uakeat roughly
; p.m. on Kuly BJ, BCC. *he earth%uake leveled some buildings,
including the hristian ollege o the !hilippines #'iwag olleges$ in
the midst o class time. At F.F on the /ichter scale, it killed BJ
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Roa)&
Maharlika ighwayis the main highway in abanatuan ity. All vehicles
coming rom and to agayan Palley passes through this highway.
(ueva 0ci1a-Aurora ighway is also a main road in the city connecting
abanatuan ity and parts o Aurora !rovince. *he newly constructed
BB-kilometer our-lane +elipe Pergara ighway links town o *alavera to
&rgy. "umacab 0ste to ease the trac congestion along the busy
Maharlika ighway, which has a daily vehicle trac o more than
J,. ?ther ma1or roads include ircumerential /oads B and 9,
&urgos Avenue, M. 6e 'eon Avenue, 0milio Pergara &oulevard, Mabini
"treet and del !ilar "treet. *he proposed (orth 'u5on 0ast
08presswaywill pass through the city rom Manila all the way to
*uguegarao ity, and also*arlac-(ueva 0ci1a-Aurora 08presswaythat
will link *arlac to 6ingalan &ay.
Ban-in" an) Co''unica(ion&
abanatuan ity was credited or its good access to commercial banks
that is why the city was ranked as one o the most livable cities in the
!hilippines together with Makati ity in terms o banking. *here are
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ommunications and "un ellular also had their business oces
located in the city. *he !hilippine 'ong 6istance *elephone ompany
#!'6*$ had their business oce at :eneral *inio "t., while 6igitel is in
Mabini 08tension. *P and /adio "tations are also present in the city.
Bu&in&& an) Econo'%
abanatuan ity boasts o modern establishments serving a large
consumer market that can absorb urther commercial development.
"ome recent developments in the city include the opening o 9
branches o Mang 7nasal, otel "ogo abanatuan, !uregold #under
construction$ and amella omes #under land ac%uisition$. *he ma1or
car
companies*oyota, Mitsubishi, yundai, +ord, (issan, 7su5u, Uiaand "u5
ukihad their car dealerships placed along the cityIs main thoroughare.
&esides being the trading center o agricultural products rom the
surrounding arming communities, there are other markedly vibrant
economic potentials or abanatuan ity. 7t is building a reputation o
becoming the 7* hub o entral 'u5on - as there are thousands o
0nglish-procient students in the city. *he rst call centerin (ueva0ci1a was established in the city in 9>. 7t is also ast-becoming a
ma1or investment hub and considered as one o the most competitive
cities or doing business in the country.
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_centerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitsubishihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyundaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Call_center7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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*he cityIs continuing urbani5ation lured investors not only into the city
but also to the suburban municipalities as well. 7ts properly placed
inrastructure is already having an efect to the cityIs development.
E)uca(ion an) Hal($
abanatuan ity is the educational center o the province, the city is a
university town with G>.9BD o the population are students, the city
has ; universities, < institutions, B science high school, more than B public and primary schools.
(otable institutions include )esleyan =niversity- !hilippines, which is
the largest and oldest private university in the province, also the rst
and only autonomous university in the provinceH Araullo =niversity,
owned by !7(MA one o the most modern universities in the provinceH
(ueva 0ci1a =niversity o "cience and *echnologyH ollege o the
7mmaculate oncepcionH 'a +ortuna olleges and the 6r. :loria 'acson
+oundation olleges. *he city is also the home o a catholic seminary -
Maria Assumpta "eminary.
Many hospitals can be ound in the city proper, mostly private and
clean which made abanatuan ity the center or medical operationsand research. (otable hospitals include - 6r. !aulino K. :arcia Medical
ospital is one o the most largest hospitals in the regionH (ueva 0ci1a
:ood "amaritan :eneral ospital, one o the most advanced and
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modern hospitals in the provinceH )esleyan =niversity :eneral ospital
enter, one o the most modern and cleanest hospitals in the region,
also the rst open-heart surgery outside o Manila was made here.
En(r(ain'n(
*he city is also home to large malls which provide entertainment or
the population. *hese malls include (0 !acic Mall, /obinsons
abanatuan, Megacenter the Mall, MelanioIs, and the (0 Mall. "M
!rimeis now planning o constructing a supermall by 9BB.
Baran"a%&
abanatuan ity is administratively subdivided into >C barangays.
Aduas entro
Aduas (orte
Aduas "ur
&agong "ikat
&agong &uhay
&akero
&akod &ayan
&alit
+atima #!ob.$
:eneral 'una #!ob.$
ermogenes .
oncepcion, "r.
7babao &ana
7melda 6istrict
7sla #!ob.$
Ualikid (orte
Ualikid "ur
!ula
Lue5on
6istrict #!ob.$
/i5delis #!ob.$
"amon
"anbermecristi
"an 7sidro
"an Kose (orte
"an Kose "ur
Pro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NE_Pacific_Mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megacenter_the_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NE_Pacific_Mallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinsons_Cabanatuanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Megacenter_the_Mall&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Primehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM_Prime7/25/2019 Microwave Design (Niko Format)
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&antug &ulalo
&antug (orte
&arlis
&arrera 6istrict #!ob.$
&ernardo 6istrict
#!ob.$
&itas
&oniacio 6istrict#!ob.$
&uliran
&ryan "armientoIs
:reat "tate
abu
audillo
alawagan
#Ualawagan$
aalibang
amp *inio
aridad Pillage
inco-inco
ity
"upermarket4&ayan
Uapitan !epe #!ob.$
'agare
M. ". :arcia
Mabini 08tension
Mabini omesite
Macatbong
Magsaysay (orth
Magsaysay "outh
Maria *heresa
Matadero #!ob.$
'ourdes
Mayapyap (orth
Mayapyap "outh
Melo1avilla #!ob.$
(abao #!ob.$
?brero
!adre risostomo
!adre &urgos #!ob.$
!agas
!alagay
"an Kuan Acca
"an /o%ue
(orte
"an /o%ue "ur
"umacab 0ste
"umacab
(orte
"umacab
"outh
"anbermicristi
#!ob.$
"angitan )est
"angitan 0ast
"anta Arcadia
"anto (iOo
"apang
*alipapa
Paldeuente
Palle ru5
Pi1andre
6istrict #!ob.$
Pilla ?elia
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#!ob.$
ommunal
ru5 /o1a
6aang "arile
6alampang
6icarma #!ob.$
6imasalang #!ob.$
6.". :arcia
!amaldan
!angatian
!atalac
!olilio
Rulueta
6istrict #!ob.$
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Si( Slc(ion
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*he ollowing are some o the basic considerations or the proper
site selection o a microwave terminal stationHB. A description o physical characteristics o the site.9. :eographical coordinates o the proposed sites, political
subdivisions, access roads and physical ob1ects with which the
sites can be identied.;. /elationship o the site to any commercial, military, or private
airport within several miles.G. Mean sea level elevation o the sites.
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at least JD o the radius o the rst +resnel 5one at the point o
obstructions.
Rain A((nua(ion
At microwave re%uencies o BB:5 and B9:5 or above rain
attenuation can be very serious. *he amount o attenuation depends upon
the rate o rainall, si5e o raindrops and the length o e8posure. *wo things to bear in mind in connection with rain attenuation
are that #B$ multipath ading does not occur during the period o heavy
rainall so the entire path ade margin is available to combat the rain
attenuation and #9$ neither space nor re%uency diversity provide
improvement against rain attenuation.
A('o$ric A*&or#(ion Atmospheric absorption due to o8ygen and water vapor also
e8ists. *he magnitude o the efect is %uite small at the lower re%uencies
#9:5->:5$ and is usually neglected.
E,ui#'n(&
Micro/av An(nna Slc(ion
?perating re%uency band. *o be approved by (*. :ain. +or a given re%uency band, gain is primarily a unction o
antenna si5e. )ind load.
Ra)io S%&(' Con&i)ra(ion
*he amount o radio gain available, as determined by transmitter
power output and receiver noise characteristics.
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?perating re%uency band and re%uired re%uency spacing
between radio channels, as determined by transmitter deviation,
receiver selectivity, and re%uency stability.
!rimary power re%uirements and options available. *he receiver threshold or receiver sensitivity should always be
considered. *he data capacity o the radio e%uipment to determine how
much inormation it can carry.
Ra)o'
A radome is a protective covering used to prevent snow, ice,
water, or debris rom accumulating on a microwave antenna. eated
radomes are available or use in areas where severe ice and snow conditions
e8ist. *he use o a radome results in lower antenna gain.
Tran&'i&&ion Lin *ransmission lines provide the means o coupling the transmitter
and receiver to the antenna. *he radiated output power o the
transmitter will be substantially reduced i the transmission line is
incorrectly used or i length is too long, so precautions should be taken
to use the correct type o line or the radio e%uipment used, and to
keep all transmission line length is short.*ower onsiderationB. "i5e and weight o the antenna and transmission line system.9. *he anticipated wind loading.;. *he re%uired antenna beam stability.
G. *he height necessary to permit the antenna to clear all surrounding
and path obstacles.
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>. olor coding o the tower is considered.C. !rovided with beacon light and lightning protection system
COORDINATES CALCULATION
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GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCE CALCULATION
SITE A5 SITE B5
MAGUINAO1 SAN RAFAEL1
BULACAN P6 CRISOSTOMO1
CABANATUAN CITY1 NUEVA
ECIJA
'ongitudeE B9Q W 'atitudeE B
GC.G
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tan (YX2 )=[cot (C2)][sin(LatitudeBLatitudeA
2 )cos(LatitudeB+LatitudeA2 ) ]
tan (YX2 )=[cot(0 25'10 ' '
2 )][sin(14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92
2 )cos( 14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.92 2 )]
tan (YX2 )=14.00124822
YX
2 =85 54 53.09
tan (Y+X2 )=[cot (C2)][ cos (LatitudeBLatitudeA
2 )sin(LatitudeB+LatitudeA2 )]
tan (Y+X2 )=[cot(025'10 ' '
2 )][ cos (14 36 58.38 14 25 38.92
2 )sin (14 36 58.38 +14 25 38.922 )]
tan (Y+X
2 )=12905.19828
Y+X
2 =89 59 44.02
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X=(Y+X2 )(YX2 )
X=89 59 44.0285 54 53.09
X=4 4'50.93 ' '
Y=
(Y+X
2
)+
(YX
2
)
Y=89 59 44.02 +85 54 53.09
Y=17554'37.11 ' '
] "ite AE
N(90x )E
S (90x )W
90x=904 4'50.93
' '
90x=85 55'9.07 ' '
N(85 55'9.07 ' ')ES (85 55'9.07 ' ') W
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] "ite &E
N(Y90 )E
S (Y90 ) W
Y90=175 54'37.11 ' '90
Y90=8554'37.11 ' '
N(8554'37.11 ' ')ES (8554'37.11 ' ') W
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ANTENNA HEIGHT CALCULATION
PARAMETERS5
Z +resnel learance,#m$
h Z total height o the obstruction,#m$
hB Ztotal height elevation at the lower site,#m$
h9 Z total height elevation at the higher site,#m$
6 Z total distance #km$
dB Z distance o less elevated site to obstruction,#km$
d9 Z distance o more elevated site to obstruction,#km$
aBZ antenna height o less elevated site,#m$
a9 Z antenna height o more elevated site,#m$
*.:. Z *ree :rowth, B< meters
eB Z elevation o the less elevated site,#m$
e9 Z elevation o the more elevated site,#m$
e Z elevation o the considered obstruction,#m$
eb Z earth bulge,#m$
er Z elevation o the o the point o reection
U Z efective earth radius actor, G4;
+B Z radius o rst +resnel 5one,#m$
+ Z re%uency rom site A to &, :5
+ Z re%uency rom site & to A, :5
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FORMULAS5
Ear($ Bul" >*?
eb=
d1
d2
12.754
3
Fir&( Fr&nl @on >F
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#=d1(21)
D o+1
1=a1+e1
2=a2+e2
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HOP5 SITE A TO SITE B
Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1
Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a
Givn5
+ Z F.FGFF
:5
6 Z
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eb
d1
d2
12.754
3
o=eb+eo+!"
eb
40 11
12.75 4
3 o=25.88235+25+15
* 7 =86=8 ' $o 7 86=8 '
+B Z 17.3d1 d2F D Z +B#.J$
+B Z 17.3
(4011)(7.747751) Z
#B>.9.9
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B.C9BFZ
10+a( 1)
(25+a1)$
11
J>9;< Y B Y aB
a< 7 :969:
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HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A
P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1
San Ra!al1 Bulacan
Givn5
+ Z >.
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eb
22.5 4
12.75 4
3 o=25.88235+25+15
* 7 =86=8 ' $o 7 86=8 '
+B Z 17.3
d1 d2
F ' D Z +B#.J$
+B Z 17.3 (1140)(8.0590251) Z #BF.>CCF9$
#.J$
+BZBF.>CCF9m Z
B.F;C>;BC>m
Z d1(21)
D hoY hB
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B.F;C>;BC>Z11[(25+a1)$(10+a1)]
51 J>9;< Y B Y aB
a< 7 6: '
noteE +or sucient allowance4+resnel clearance, use the higher
computed tower height.
VERTICAL PANNING
For'ula&5
%1=%2=tan1(21D )
hBZ height o antenna o less elevated side
h9 Z height o antenna o more elevated side
6 Z distance rom one site to another, #km$
%1=%2=&eti(a)*anning Ang)e
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VERTICAL PANNING
Givn5
D=50.7915512 km
"ite AE 1=80 m
"ite &E 2=95m
"olutionE
%1=%2=tan1(21D )
%1=%2=tan
1
( 9580
50.7915512 1000
)
%1=%2=0 +01692085883=0 01'0 +92' '
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POINT OF REFLECTION
HOP m ( 1 ft0.3048m )= 262.4671916 ft
h9 Z C
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x=1
D2=
262.4671916 ft
(31.56040672mi +)2=0.2635055953
ft
mi2
-=
2
D2=
311.67979 ft
(31.56040672mi)2=0.3129128944 ft
mi2
,=
1
1+-x=
1
1+0.31291289440.2635055953
,=0.4785319247
d1 Z
, D= (0.4785319247 )
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REFLECTION ANGLE
Givn5
1=80m dBZ 9G.;FJkm erZBm
2=95m d9Z 9J.G>JBF9GGkm U Z4
3
eb
d1 d2
12.75 .
eb
24.30537876x 26.48617244
12.75 4
3
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* 7 :69= '
%A=tan1(1eebd
1)
%A=tan1( 801037.868026624.30537876 )
%A=5030'5+28
%B=tan1(2eebd2 )
%B=tan1( 901037.868026626.48617244 )
%B=62 43'13 + 44
ATMOSPHERIC LOSSES
FORMULAS5
O%"n A*&or#(ion Lo&& >Ao?
AO 7[7.19x103+ 6.09f2+0.227+ 4.81
( f57 )2+1.5 ]x f2x 103x DPro#o&) Micro/av Lin- !ro' San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1
Nuva Eci0a 2 3iMA43
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3a(r Va#or Lo&& >AH=O?
AH=O 7
f22.3 2+7.3
183.3f
2+6x f2x 12x104x D
0.067+3
Rain!all A((nua(ion >Ar?
M Zlog (10 )log(f)log (10 )log(12)
Y 7
D
1+ D35e
0.015x0
7 log1 [log (.1 )1]x [ log (.1 )log (.2 )]
a 7 aB^ M#aB^ a9$
Ar 7_ 8 U 8 /a
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PARAMETERS USED5
+ Z re%uency rom site A to &, :5
+ Z re%uency rom site & to A, :5
6 Z great circle distance, km
Ao#+$Z o8ygen absorption loss rom site A to &, d&
Ao#+$ Z o8ygen absorption loss rom site & to A, d&
A9?#+$ Z water vapor loss rom site A to &, d&
A9?#+$ Z water vapor loss rom site & to A, d&
Ar#+$ Zrainall attenuation rom site A to &,d&
Ar#+$ Zrainall attenuation rom site & to A,d&
/ Z rainall amount, mm4hr
A'#+$ Zatmospheric loss rom site A to &, d&
A'#+$ Zatmospheric loss rom site & to A, d&
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HOP5 SITE A TO SITE B
Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1
Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a
Givn5
+ Z F.FGFF :5
6 Z
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AH=O7
7.747722.32+7.3
183.3
7.74777
2+6
0.067+3
x (7.7477)2x12x10
4x 50.7915512
AH=O>F? 7 96=;8
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HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A
P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1
San Ra!al1 Bulacan
Givn5
+ Z >.
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AH=O>F? 7 96=9:8AR?
RZ ;F< mm4month ``rainall values acc. to !A:A"A
RZ ;F< mm4month 8 #B month4; days$ 8 #B day49G hrs.$
R7 .;;;;;; mm4hr
M 7log (7 )log (8.05902 )
log (7 )log (8 )
M>F? 7 969=;9>F `` &ased on /egression oecient *able
U9 Z .;C< `` &ased on /egression oecient *able
7 log1 [ log (0.00887 )0.03294031718 ]x [ log (0.00887 )log (0.00395 )]
>F? 7 96
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a9 ZB.;9F `` &ased on /egression oecient *able
a 7 B.9FJ^ 0.03294031718 #B.9FJ^ B.;9F$
a>F?78 .B>;>FJ9
AL>F? 7 =69;:9:8 )B
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TRANSMISSION CALCULATIONS
Para'(r& U&)5
+ Z +re%uency rom "ite A-:5$
+Z +re%uency rom "ite &-A#:5$
6 Z 6istance #km$
!tZ *ransmitted !ower #d&m$ ` radio specication
& Z Antenna 6iameter #m$ ` antenna specication
7'Z 7nsertion 'oss #d&$ `connector specication
A+ Z Attenuation +actor #d&4m$ ` waveguide specication
)' Z )aveguide 'ength #m$
/' Z /adome 'oss #d&$ ` radome specication
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AM' Z Antenna Misalignment 'oss #d&$ #.9< d&$
7* Z 7mprovement *hreshold #d&m$ ` radio specication
*+' Z *otal +i8ed 'oss #d&$
(!' Z (et !ath 'oss #d&$
+"' Z +ree "pace 'oss #d&$
A: Z Antenna :ain #d&$
/"' Z /eceive "ignal 'evel #d&m$
+M Z +ade Margin #d&$
For'ula&
A"=20logF+20log B+17 +8
!ota)"ain= [A" ] [2]
!an2mi22ion Line Lo22= [AF] [WL ]
WL=antennaeigt+a))o3an(e (5m)
!ota)Lo22=[!LL!X]+[!LL0X]+ [2 ] [0L ]+ [A1L]+[4 ] [4L]
Fee S5a(e Lo22=20logF+20 logD+92 +44
!ota) Lo22=!FL+FSL+AL
Net *at Lo22=|!"!L|
0e(ei6ed Signa) Le6e)=*tN*L
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Fade1agin=0SL4!
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HOP5 SITE A TO SITE B
Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1
Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a
GIVEN5
+ ZF.FGFF:5
6 Z J d&m
A' #+$Z ;.9;F;;G>>
d&
/' Z .> d&
AM' Z .9< d&
WL!X
Z F d&4m
7'Z .B d&
A"=20logF+20log B+17 +8
A: Z 9 log #F.FGFF$ Y 9 log #B.>$ Y BF.>
AG >F? 7 96;99= )B
!ota)"ain= [A "(F)][2]
*: Z #G.J>>CJ9$ #9$
TG>F?7
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!an2mi22ion LineLo22=[A F(F)][WL ]
!LL!X/ x(F) Z [.>\ [FF?Z 9 log #F.FGFF$ Y 9 log #
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(!'>F?Z 3>B.;FF>B9G^ B.;;B>C3
NPL>F?7 :688=9 )B
0e(ei6edSigna) Le6e)=*t $ N*L
/"'>F?Z 9> ^ FJ.JF?7 2688=9 )B'
Fade1agin=0S L(F)4!
+M>F?Z -G>.JJ$
FM>F?7 :6:;
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HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A
P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1
San Ra!al1 Bulacan
GIVEN5
+Z >. d&
AM' Z .9< d&
WL!X
Z FF? Z .
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!an2mi22ion Line Lo22= [AF] [WL ]
!LL!X/0X(F ) Z [.F?Z 9 log #>.
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Net *at Lo22=|!"!L|
(!'>F?Z 3>9.J9B>C
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SYSTEM ANALYSIS CALCULATION
Para'(r& U&)5
!B Z !t Z *ransmitted ?utput !ower in #d&m$ #"ee radio
specications$
!;Z 07/! Z 0fective 7sotropic /adiated !ower #d&m$
!GZ 7/' Z 7sotropic /eceived 'evel #d&m$
!JZ /"' Z /eceived "ignal 'evel #d&m$
*'' Z *ransmission 'ine 'oss #d&$
A:t84r8Z Antenna :ain #d&$
/' Z /adome 'oss
+"' Z +ree "pace 'oss #d&$
7* Z 7mprovement *hreshold #d&m$ #"ee radio specications$
+M Z +ade Margin #d&$
AM'Z Antenna Misalignment .9< #d&$ #&yE Manny /ule$
7'Z 7nsertion 'oss
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A'Z Atmospheric 'oss
=ndpZ non- diversity probability or a given path
a Z roughness actor4 terrain characteristicsH B or average
terrain
b Z climate actor4 characteristicsH .9< or !hilippines
#tropical$
HOP5 SITE A TO SITE B
Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1
Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a
GIVEN5
+ZF.FGFF
!*Z 9> d&m
A: >F? ZG.J>>CJ9
d&
+"'>F? Z BGG.9CC9>d&
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*1=*!=28dBm
*2=*1!LL!X - 9#7'$
*2=23 +57 dBm
*3=*2+A"
*3=64 +25890602dBm
*4=*3FSLAL0L
*4=83 +86411297 dBm
*5=*4+A"
*5=43.17520695 dBm
*6=*5!LL0X 97' 0LA1L
*6=48 +65520695dBm7 0SL
FM 7 48.65520695 - #->J$
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FM>F?7 :6:;98 )B
HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A
P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1
San Ra!al1 Bulacan
:7P0(E
+Z>. d&m
A:>F? ZGB.;BCGFG
!LL!X(F ) Z
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d&
+"'>F? Z
BGG.JGBGFG9d&
A'>F? Z9.;CJFF
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*6=*5!LL0X
97'
0LA1L
*6=47 +33645541dBm7 0SL
FM 7 47.33645541 - #->J$
FM>F?7 688; )B
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SPACE DIVERSITY TRNASMISSION CALCULATION
Para'(r& U&)5
UNDP 7 =navailability or (on-diversity !ropagation
ISD 7 "pace 6iversity 7mprovement +actor
USDP 7=navailability or "pace 6iversity !ropagation
F1 7 'ower +ade Margin
F1= igher +ade Margin
S 7 Antenna spacing in site &
S 7 Antenna spacing in site A
8 Z )avelength o +#F.FGFF:5$
8 Z )avelength o +#>.
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For'ula&5
UNDP 7 a * ! >GH?-'?
>
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Givn5
6Z.JFGG m
7 86=8 '
Tran&'i&&ion lin lo&& !or &i( A& )ivr&i(% 3av"ui)
!LL0XSD(F ') ZA+8)'
!LL0XSD(F ') Z
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!LL0XSD(F ') 7 6=
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!LL0XSD Z 6=:=
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*3=64 +25890602dBm
*4=*3FSLAL0L
*4=83 +86411297 dBm
*5=*4+A"
*5=43.17520695 dBm
*6=*5!LL0X SD(F) 97' 0LA1L
*6=47 +51302871dBm 7 0SL
FM 7 47.51302871dB - #->J$
FM 7 6;:
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HOP5 SITE B TO SITE A
P6 Cri&o&(o'o1 Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a (o Ma"unao1
San Ra!al1 Bulacan
*1=*!=28dBm
*2=*1!LL!X - 9#7'$
*2=23 +70125 dBm
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*3=*2+A"
*3=64 +73234477 dBm
*4=*3FSLAL0L
*4=83 +01880018 dBm
*5=*4+A"
*5=41.98770541 dBm
*6=*5!LL0X SD(F ') 97' 0LA1L
*6=46 +27108089 dBm7 0SL
FM 7 46.27108089 2 >2?
FM 7 ;6:=;
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Ma"unao1 San Ra!al1 Bulacan (o P6 Cri&o&(o'o1
Ca*ana(uan Ci(%1 Nuva Eci0a
Givn5
+Z F.FGFF#:5$
aZB
b Z .9
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