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Molecular Cell Biologyseventh Edition
Chapter 13:Moving Proteins into Membranes
and Organelles
Copyright © 2013 by W. H. Freeman & Company
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Overview of major protein-sorting pathways in eukaryotic cells
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The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1999"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signalsthat govern their transport and localization in the cell"
Günter BlobelUSARockefeller University New York, NY, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute
b. 1936(in Waltersdorf/Silesia, Germany)
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Co-translational translocation
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Major topological classes of integral membrane proteins
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Synthesis and insertion into the ER membrane of type I single-pass proteins
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Synthesis and insertion into the ER membrane of type II single-pass proteins
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Arrangement of topogenic sequences in membrane proteins
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Hydropathy profiles
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GPI anchor
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Formation of GPI-anchored proteins in the ER membrane
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Common 14-residue precursor of N-linked oligosaccharides
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Biosynthesis of the dolicol pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharide precursor of N-linked oligosaccharides
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Addition and processing of N-linked oligosaccharides in the rough ER of vertebrate cells
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Disulfide bond formation by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in ER
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Disulfide bond formation in periplasmic space of bacteria
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Chaperones and other ER proteins facilitate folding and assembly of proteins
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The unfolded protein response (UPR)= ER stress (ERS) response
yeast
The unfolded protein response in vertebrates
Trends Biochem Sci.2015 Mar;40(3):141-148
Homeostasisor
Death
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Vesicular Traffic, Secretion,and Endocytosis
黃敏銓
Chapter 14
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Secretory and endocytic pathways of protein sorting
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p20 NATURE CELL BIOLOGY VOLUME 14 | NUMBER 1 | JANUARY 2012
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Phenotypes of yeast sec mutants identified stages in the secretory pathway
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Vesicle buds
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Vesicle budding and fusion with a target membrane
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Assembly of a protein coat drives vesicle formation and selection of cargo molecules
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Small GTP-binding protein, Sar1, in the assembly and disassembly of COPII
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Coated vesicles accumulate in the presence of nonhydrolyzable GTP analog
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Rab GTPases control docking of vesicles on target membranes
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VAMP
Paired sets of SNARE proteins mediate fusion of vesicles with target membranes
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Membrane fusion
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Dissociation of SNARE complexes after membrane fusion is driven by ATP hydrolysis
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Early stages of the secretorypathway
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Vesicle-mediated protein trafficking between the ER and cis-Golgi
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KDEL receptor retrieves ER-resident proteins from the Golgi
Soluble protein: KDELMembrane protein: KKXX
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Anterograde and retrograde transport vesiclesAnterograde transport through the Golgi occurs by cisternal progression: procollagen aggregates
Nature. 2012 Feb 22;482(7386):474-5
Big vesicles for collagen secretion
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Later stages of the secretorypathway
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Major types of coat proteins in vesicular traffic in secretory and endocytotic pathway
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Dynamin is required for pinching off of clathrin vesicles
COPI and COPII vesicles do not require dynamin.
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GTP hydrolysis by dynamin is required for pinching off clathrin vesicles
GTP-γ-S: nonhydrolyzable derivative of GTP
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Receptor-mediated endocytosis and sorting of internalized proteins
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Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Jul 22;12(8):517-33
Signaling?
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ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport) machinery consists of the five protein complexes ESCRT-0, ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II, ESCRT-III and Vps4-Vta1, and several ESCRT-associated proteins
J. Cell Sci. 2009. 122:2163
ESCRT complexes
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Ectosomes and exosomes
Available online 12 February 2015Trends Cell Biol.
ESCRT
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