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8/11/2019 Paleolitiko -Old Stone Age
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If History is the study of the past…
then what is Pre-History?
“It is now clear that long before the invention of writing,
human beings made a place for their species in the
natural world and laid the social, economic, and cultural
foundations on which their successors built increasingly
complex societies.” Bentley p.8
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Do Now: On your handout, in the space
provided, make a list of images that come to
mind when you hear the word “Stone Age.”
Aim: How did humans live duringthe Paleolithic Age?
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Theor ies on prehistory andear ly man con stant ly change
as new evidence comes to
l ight .
- Louis Leakey, Britisharchaeologist
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Hominids --> any member
of the family of two-legged
primates that includes all
humans.
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
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3.5 Million Years old
40 of her bones were found –
most complete and best preserved
skeleton on any early ancestor.
Small brain: size of a grapefruit
Short, hairy, limited in intelligence
but walked upright, had opposable
thumbs, and communicated
verbally
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“Upright Walking Human Being”
Larger Brain: Larger and more varied tools.
primitive technology, better communication,
organized hunts.
First hominid to migrate and leave Africa for Europe and
Asia. Traveled for stone for tools
By 200,000 years ago, they were established in
temperate areas
First to use and control fire ( 500,000 BCE )
BIPEDALISM
2,500,000 BCE – 200,000 BCE
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200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
“Consciously thinking human”
• Large brain with well developed areas for
conscious and reflective thought-highly
intelligent
•Could live in areas beyond the temperate zones because
intelligence allowed them to make clothes and shelters to
protect them from the cold.
•Developed more advanced tools than predecessors
(knives, spears, bows, arrows); made shelters of wood,
bones, and animal skins
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•Land bridge exposed by an ice age
allowed them to travel to SE Asia, Australia, and the Americas
•With larger populations, large mammals
became extinct due to hunting and
changes in Earth’s environment
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Scene One:
1. How does Tom Hanks’
Character finally succeed?
What skills did he need to
acquire?2. Describe his reaction? Why
was it so important to him?
Scene Two:
1. How has he adapted to his
environment? What skills
has he developed?
2. Why did it take him so long to
take this action?
Yeah, Cavemen
weren’t so simple
after all!
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Humans evolved over a long period time and developed
more advanced brains, which allowed them to spread out in
the world and adapt their environments to suit their needs.
Australopithecus Homo Erectus Homo Sapiens
4,000,000 BCE – 1,000,000 BCE
2,500,000 BCE – 200,000 BCE
200,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
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“Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age
Hunting (men) & gathering (women) --> small bands of 20-30 humans
NOMADIC (moving from place to place)
2,500,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE
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•Hunting and gathering:no private property or
social distinctions based
on wealth due to mobility
•Possessed some smallitems carried during
migrations
•Social distinctions based
on age, strength, courage,intelligence, personality
•Gender equality because
both contributed to
survival
What role did men and
women play in a Hunter-
Gatherer society?
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•Small bands withagreements with
neighboring bands on
territories, marriage
partners•Systematic hunting
using special tools, tactics
•Permanent settlements
were established in areas
with abundant food
resources (grains, fish)
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Neander Valley, Germany
First fully modern human beings-physically and mentally
First humans to bury
their dead. Burial sites
with rituals (Shanidar-
covered bodies with
flowers)
Sites where items left
with bodies may
indicate belief in
afterlife
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Made clothes from animal skins.
Lived in caves and
tents.
Early Hut/Tent
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Homo sapiens sapiens “Wise, wise human” )
First Human beings of the fully modern type – Direct
descendant of modern day humans
WHY???
By 30,000 BCE they
replaced Neanderthals.
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Humans during this period found shelter in caves.
Cave paintings were left behind
• Interested in fashion and art
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•Depictions of animals and
humans; possibly to gain control
over animals they were hunting by
capturing their spirits
•Made paints and brushes from
natural materials – shows higher
order thinking
•Small sculpture of women with
exaggerated sexual features,
showing interest in fertility
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Paleolithic Cave Art
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Stone Age Tool Kit
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Religionfire/animals were sacred
Buried their dead with
personal possessions
Paleolithic Age
“Old Stone Age” 2.5 million years ago – 8000B.C
Society
Nomadic – find food
Traveled with clan 20-30ppl
Lived in caves
Food
Hunter-Gatherers
No Farming
Technology
Used stone tools for
hunting and war
Harnessed fire
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Paleolithic peoples lived in
small nomadic bands withfew class distinctions, and
had an interest in art and
simple spiritual beliefs.
Neanderthals
( 200,000 BCE – 30,000 BCE )
Cro-Magnons
( 40,000 BCE – 10,000 BCE )
Homo Sapiens
Homo Sapien
Sapien
(40,000 BCE-Present )
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