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8/13/2019 Paulo Chagas de Souza - epntese, acento primrio
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Paulo Chagas de Souza
DL-FFLCH-USP
pcsouza@usp.br
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Brazilian Portuguese (BP) BP stands apart from most Romance languages in
several points. In phonology, epenthesis of an [i].
Examples with consonant clusters: tcnico,digno,gnomo,pneu,optar, aftaandpsiclogo.
Words with non-sibilant obstruents as their finalsegments. E.g.: dficit, supervite hbitat.
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Epenthesis and Stress
crosslinguisticallyAlderete (1999):
Swahili:
jko kitchen jikni inthe kitchen tket ~ tikti ticket
rtli ~ ratli pound
Dakota: hikt Ikill you maykte you kill me
kastagger khalazy
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Epenthesis and Stress
Primary stress can only be affected by epenthesis in BP
if epenthetic vowel occurs between the stress and thefinal edge of the word (3-syllable window).
Examples:p[i]siclogovs. tc[i]nico.
Unnoticed so far: epenthetic vowel has distinct effectson the prosody of different word classes.
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Epenthesis and stress in non-verbs
Stress in non-verbs unaffected by epenthesis.
digno [digin]
tcnico [tkinik]
dficit [dfisit].violate 3-syllable window
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Epenthesis and stress in verbs Unlike other word classes, verbs may have their
stress affected by epenthesis.
impregna pronounced [ipgin] or [ipegin]
se indigna pronounced [sidigin] or [sidigin]
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Epenthesis and secondary stress crosslinguistically common avoidance of stressing
epenthetic vowels found in non-verbs does not
carry over to secondary stress.
nouns likepsiclogo may be pronounced withsecondary stress on the epenthetic vowel:
[pisiklog]
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Noun paradigms Nouns rarely have stress shifts.
casa casas, livro livros, cidade cidades
mrtir mrtires, rptil rpteis
lpis lpis, nibus nibus
Possible only for proparoxytones in -r:
jniorjuniores
jniors carter caracteres caractere
Jpiter - Jupteres? Jpiters?
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Verbal paradigms Extense paradigms: several tenses (present, perfect,
imperfect, future, future of the preterite), two moods,tenseless forms.
As few as one suffix. Ex.: com.pr-a.
Up to 4 suffixes. Ex.: compr-a-r-a-mos.
All verbs include stress shift in their paradigms:
com.pra com.pra.va com.pra.ri.a.
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Verbal vs. non-verbal paradigms
com.pra l.gi.co
com.pra.va l.gi.ca
com.pra.ri.a. l.gi.cas
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Bibliography
Alderete, John (1999). Head-Dependence in Stress-
Epenthesis Interaction. ROA-453. Bybee, Joan (2001). Phonology and Language Use.
Cambridge University Press.
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