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Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the version (Dated: 6th February 2008) of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We don�’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the following books:1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil]2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English]3. , , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]
We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.
Contact Email: mibuhari@yahoo.comContact Address:M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari,24-E, Mohideen Street,Kayalpatnam �– 628 204.Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
TAJWEED RULES
PREFACE
1
R ULES O F T AJW E E D
R ULES O F
ST O PPI N G
PU N C T U A T I O N
M A R KS
ST O PPI N G A N D
I N I T I A T I O N
M O L A R
T O N G U E
P A L A T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
U V UL A R
C O NSO N A N T S
P H A R Y N G E A L
( T H R O A T) C O NSO N A N T S
N ASA L C A V I T Y (N ASA LI Z A T I O N)
L A BI A L (LIP)
C O NSO N A N T S
I N T E R - D E N T A L
A L V E O - D E N T A L
D E N T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
A L V E O L A R
C O NSO N A N T S
PL A C ES O F A R T I C UL A T I O N
R ULES O F M A D D
ASSIMIL A T I O N
R ULES O F R A A
R ULES O F L A A M
R ULES O F M E E M
SA KI N A HN O O N SA KI N A H A N D
T A N W E E N
M USH A D D A D N O O N
A N D M E E M
Q A L Q A L A H
R ULES O FLE T T E RS
2
T H E R ULES O F LE T T E RS
R ULES O F
M A D D
R ULES O F
ASSIMIL A T I O N
R ULES O F R A A
R ULES O F
L A A M
R ULES O F
M USH A D D A D N O O NA N D M E E M
R ULES O F M E E M
SA KI N A H
R ULES O FQ A L Q A L A H
R ULES O F N O O N
SA K I N A H A N D T A N W E E N
N A T U R A L M A D D
D E R I V E D M A D DI D E N T I C A L
LE T T E RS
SA M E PL A C E O FA R T I C UL A T I O N
C L O SE PL A C E O FA R T I C UL A T I O N
I T H - H A A R SH A F A W I
I D G H A A M SH A F A W I
I K H F A A SH A F A W I
I T H - H A A R
I D G H A A M
I K H F A A
I Q L A A B
L A A M JA L A L A H
L A A M T A'R IF
L A A M
Q A M A R I Y Y A H
L A A M
SH A MSI Y Y A H
L A A M O F
V E R B
T H E R ULES O F LE T T E RS [Contd ...]
3
W A YS T O ST A R T R E C I T I N GSU R A HS
PE R MI T T E D W A YST O R E C I T E
R E A D , A N D SEP A R A T EL Y
R E A D , A N D J O I N T L Y
R E A D , J O I N T L Y A N D
SEP A R A T EL Y
R E A D SEP A R A T EL Y . T H E N A N D
J O I N T L Y
W A YS O F R E C I T I N G SU R A HSC O N T I N U O USL Y
PE R MI T T E D W A YST O R E C I T E
R E A D C U R R E N T , A N D N E X T
SEP A R A T EL Y
R E A D C U R R E N T SEP A R A T EL Y . T H E N A N D N E X T J O I N T L Y
R E A D C U R R E N T , A N D N E X T
J O I N T L Y
W A Y N O TPE R MI T T E D T O
R E C I T E
R E A D C U R R E N T , J O I N T L Y A N D N E X T
SEP A R A T EL Y
4
,
,
N O O N SA KI N A H O R T A N W E E N
I D G H A A MI Q L A A BI K H F A AI T H - H A A R
(R E A D C LE A R L Y)
(With Stress)
(Assimilation of one letter into another)
(C O N V E R T O R T A N W E E N T O )
(USE N O SE)
(Without Stress)
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G C H A R A C T E RS T H A T A PPE A R A F T E R N O O N SA K I N A H O R T A N W E E N
O R
, , ,
, ,
Exceptions in Idghaam:1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [ and ]
2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the words
3. If O R appears in same word after , Read clearly ( ) 5
M E E M SA KI N A H
I D G H A A M SH A F A W I
I K H F A A SH A F A W I
I T H - H A A R SH A F A W I
(R E A D C LE A R L Y)
O T H E R LE T T E RS E X C EP T &
(With Stress)
(USE N O SE, W I T H ST R ESS)
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G C H A R A C T E RS T H A T A PPE A R A F T E R M E E M SA K I N A H
R ULES O F M USH A D D A D N O O N
A N D M E E M
R E A D A N D W I T H ST R ESS, E V E N W H ILE ST O PPI N G
For N oon Shaddah: ,
For Meem Shaddah: , 6
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G Q A L Q A L A H C H A R A C T E RS T H A T A PPE A R W I T H SU K U N : R E A D W I T H E C H O SO U N D
Q A L Q A L A H
[W E A K E C H O ]
IF A N Y O N E O F T H E Q A L Q A L A H C H A R A C T E RS W I T H SU K U N A PPE A RS
I N T H E MI D D LE O F A W O R D
[ST R O N G E C H O ]
IF A N Y O N E O F T H E Q A L Q A L A H C H A R A C T E RS W I T H SU K U N
A PPE A RS A T T H E E N D O F A W O R D A N D W H E N W E ST O P A T I T
7
R ULES O F I D G H A A M
I D G H A A M
IF SU K U N IS F O LL O W E D B Y - O R - O R -
M U T A M A A T H IL A I N M U T A Q A R IB A I N M U T AJA N ISA I N
IF T H E SU K U N LE T T E R A N D T H E N E X T LE T T E R A R E SA M E
IF T H E SU K U N LE T T E R A N D T H E N E X T LE T T E R A R E D IF F E R E N T B U T W I T H SA M E O R I G I N
IF T H E SU K U N LE T T E R A N D T H E N E X T LE T T E R A R E D IF F E R E N T B U T W I T H C L O SE - B Y O R I G I N
Exceptions in Idhgaam: T here will be no merger1. If both identical letters are with harakah
2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ and ]
3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters
If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ or preceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
merger without nasalization
is pronounced as
8
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G 'R A A' D U E T O C H A R A C T E RS O R H A R A K A H T H A T A PPE A R
O N O R B E F O R E O R A F T E R I T
R ULES O F 'R A A'
ST R O N G SO F T
B O T H T Y PEST R O N G &
SO F T
1. R A A W I T H F A T H A H O R D H A M M A H O R F A T H A T A I N O R D H A M M A T A I N [ ]2. SA M E AS 1ST P O I N T B U T W I T H SH A D D A H [ ]3. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS EI T H E R W I T H D H A M M A H O R F A T H A H [ , ]4. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E T H A T IS W I T H F A T H A H O R D H A M M A H [ , ]5. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H T R U E K ASR A H A N D T H E LE T T E R A F T E R R A A IS A N Y O N E O F T H ESE C H A R A C T E RS ( ) C A LLE D AS 6. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H T E MP O R A R Y K ASR A H [ ]
1. R A A W I T H K ASR A H O R K ASR A T A I N [ , ]
2. SA M E AS 1ST P O I N T B U T W I T H SH A D D A H [ , ]
3. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H K ASR A H [ ]
4. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E T H A T IS W I T H K ASR A H [ ]
5. R A A W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E IS W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E LE T T E R B E F O R E T H A T IS W I T H F A T H A H [ ]6. T H E W O R D
1. - - PR E F E R SO F T
2. - - PR E F E R SO F T
3. - - PR E F E R ST R O N G
, ,
, , ,
,
, , 9
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G L A A M
L A A M I N T H E W O R D
ST R O N G
O R
IF F A T H A H O R D H A M M A H A PPE A RS B E F O R E
SO F T
IF K ASR A H A PPE A RS B E F O R E
L A A M I N W O R DS O T H E R T H A N
SO F T
L A A M SH A MSI Y Y A H
L A A M IS N O T PR O N O U N C E D
L A A M Q A M A R I Y Y A H
L A A M IS PR O N O U N C E D
, ,
,
L A A M T A'R IF
R E A D I N G L A A M W I T H O T H E R C H A R A C T E RS
L A A M O F V E R B
Pronounced as , if at the beginning or middle of
the verb
Pronounced as , if followed by raa or laam
,
is pronounced as
Exception: N o Idghaam if there is sakata
10
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G A LIF
R E A D I N G A LIF
ST R O N G SO F T
IF A N Y O N E O F T H E C H A R A C T E RS ( )
A PPE A R B E F O R E A LIF, R E A D A LIF ST R O N G L Y
IF C H A R A C T E RS O T H E R T H A N
C H A R A C T E RS A PPE A R B E F O R E A LIF, R E A D A LIF
SO F T L Y
11
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G M A D D C H A R A C T E RS [1]
, ,
R ULES O F M A D D
N A T U R A L M A D D
D E R I V E D M A D D
1. M A D D SH O UL D N O T B E F O LL O W E D B Y SU K U N [ ] O R H A M Z A H [ ]2. R E A D AS O N E A LIF3. O T H E R N A M ES: 'JA A T I' O R ' T A B A Y I'
M A D D SH O UL D B E F O LL O W E D B Y SU K U N
[ ] O R H A M Z A H [ ]
M A D D M U T T ASIL
M A D D M U N F ASIL
M A D D L A A Z IM
M A D D A A R I D H
1.M A D D IS F O LL O W E D B Y H A M Z A H I N SA M E W O R D2. R E A D AS 4 T O 5 A LIF3. O T H E R N A M E: 'M A D D W AJIB'
1. M A D D IS F O LL O W E D B Y H A M Z A H I N D IF F E R E N T W O R D2. R E A D AS 2 T O 4 A LIF3. O T H E R N A M E: 'M A D D JA I Z '
1. M A D D IS F O LL O W E D B Y SU K U N ASLI [R E A L SU K U N]2. R E A D AS 3 T O 5 A LIF
1. M A D D IS F O LL O W E D B Y T E MP O R A R Y SU K U N2. R E A D AS A N Y O N E O F T H R E E T Y PES [Refer next page]
Contd ...
M A D D B A D A L
M A D D I W A D H
M A D D LE T T E R IS PR E C E E D E D B Y
H A M Z A H
A LIF R EPL A C ES F A T H A T A I N W H E N
O N E ST O PS O N I T
, , IS R E A D AS
12
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G M A D D C H A R A C T E RS [2]
M A D D L A A Z IM
M A D D A A R I D H
R E A D I N G I N A N Y O N E T Y PE IS O U R C H O I C E [B E C O NSIST E N T ]
K A LIM A M U T H A Q Q A L
K A LIM A M U K H A F F A F
H A R FI M U T H A Q Q A L
H A R FI M U K H A F F A F
SH A D D A H A PPE A RS A F T E R I N O N E W O R D -
SU K U N A PPE A RS A F T E R I N O N E W O R D -
SH A D D A H A PPE A RS O N I N O N E C H A R A C T E R
SU K U N A PPE A RS O N I N O N E C H A R A C T E R
Q ASR
R E A D AS O N E A LIF
T A W ASSU T
R E A D AS 2 O R 3 A LIF
T O O L
R E A D AS 5 A LIF
Exception: T he word in can be read with or without
O N L Y PL A C E
C H A N G E T O
13
R ULES F O R R E A D I N G M A D D C H A R A C T E RS
S. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of Madd
Explanation
دم فورح and ء appear adjacently in one word
دم فورح and ء appear adjacently but in two words
Convert the fatha or kasra or dammah or kasratain or dammathain at the end to sukun, while stopping
ا is followed by ء or و or ي
Convert fathathain at the end to Alif, while stopping
دم فورح is followed by sukun [ ]
دم فورح is followed by saddha in one word
مكلسع صقن
رهط يح
,
Haa Dameer ( ) is followed by
Haa Dameer ( ) is followed by any character other than
Hamzah Isthifham ( ) is followed by Shaddah
Madd ( , , ) should not be followed by sukun or Hamzah
ي is followed by ي
Examples
is changed to
Elongation in Counts ( )
2 to 5
2 to 6
2
2
6
6
6
2
2 to 6
6
6
2
2
, , ,
,
is changed to
is actually
,
, ,
,
is changed to
,
,
, ,
First 14 Madd types are called as
5
2
14
R ULES O F H U R U F LE E N
H U R U F LE E N
,
M A D D LE E N
L A A Z IM
1. H U R U F LE E N IS F O LL O W E D B Y T R U E SU K U N2. R E A D AS O R O R . B U T IS B E T T E R
M A D D LE E N
A A R I D H
1. H U R U F LE E N IS F O LL O W E D B Y T E MP O R A R Y SU K U N2. R E A D AS O R O R
N O O N Q U T N I
IF SU K U N A PPE A RS A F T E R T A N W E E N , T H E N :
1. C H A N G E T A N W E E N T O K ASR A H2. A D D A N O O N W I T H K ASR A H
B E T W E E N T H E M
Exception:1. IF W E ST O P A T T A N W E E N ,
T H E R E IS N O N O O N Q U T N I
2. I N , ST O PPI N G IS B E T T E R
O N L Y T W O PL A C ES ,
,
15
R U LES O F SIL A H
SIL A H M E A NS R E A D I N G EL O N G A T E D L Y LI K E
SIL A H BIL Y A H
IF K ASR A H C O M ES B E F O R E , R E A D
LI K E O F
SIL A H BIL W A V
IF F A T H A H O R D H A M M A H C O M ES
B E F O R E , R E A D LI K E O F
Exception: D H A M M A H A PPE A RS O N I NST E A D O F K ASR A H
I N SU R A H
I N SU R A H
Exception: SU K U N A PPE A RS O N I NST E A D O F K ASR A H
I N SU R A H I N SU R A H
Exception: N O B E C A USE T H E Y A R E N O T B U T P A R T O F T H E
W O R D I T SELF
I N SU R A H I N SU R A H I N SU R A H
Exception: IF W I T H SU K U N A PPE A RS B E F O R E , R E A D W I T H
K ASR A H B U T W I T H O U T EL O N G A T I O N
B U T R E A D W I T H EL O N G A T I O N
Exception: IF A N Y T H I N G E X C EP T W I T H SU K U N A PPE A RS B E F O R E ,
R E A D W I T H D H A M M A H
G E N E R A L R ULE: IF A LE T T E R W I T H SU K U N A PPE A RS B E F O R E , T H E N W E W O N' T R E A D EL O N G A T E D L Y
Exception: D H A M M A H O F IS N O T EL O N G A T E D
I N SU R A H
Exception: IF A PPE A RS B E F O R E , T H E N A T T H E
E N D W ILL B E R E M O V E D .SO , T H E R E IS N O
EL O N G A T I O N
IS R E A D AS
16
R ULES O F H A M Z A H
R ULES O F H A M Z A H
H A M Z A H W ASL
H A M Z A H Q A T H
1. IF A W O R D ST A R T S W I T H SU K U N , W E A D D A H A M Z A H T O I T
2. T H IS H A M Z A H IS T E MP O R A R Y H A M Z A H 3. IF T H IS H A M Z A H A PPE A RS B E T W E E N
T W O W O R DS, T H E N I T W ILL N O T B E R E A D
1. T H IS H A M Z A H IS P A R T O F T H E W O R D
2. IF T H IS H A M Z A H A PPE A RS B E T W E E N T W O W O R DS, I T W ILL B E
R E A D
IF B E G I NS W I T H A N D T H I R D LE T T E R O F T H E W O R D IS D H A M M A H , T H E N D H A M M A H IS
G I V E N T O H A M Z A H
IF B E G I NS W I T H A N D T H I R D LE T T E R O F T H E W O R D IS F A T H A H O R K ASR A H , T H E N
K ASR A H IS G I V E N T O H A M Z A H
IF T H E W O R D B E G I NS W I T H D E FI N I T E A R T I C LE , T H E N
F A T H A H IS G I V E N T O H A M Z A H
is read as is read as
is read as
is read as
IF B E G I NS W I T H , T H E N
K ASR A H IS G I V E N T O H A M Z A H
17
A M O N G T W O W O R DS, IF T H E FI RST W O R D E N D S W I T H SU K U N A N D T H E
SE C O N D W O R D ST A R T S W I T H SU K U N
IF T H E LE T T E R W I T H SU K U N I N T H E FI RST
W O R D IS A M A D D LE T T E R, T H IS M A D D LE T T E R IS R E M O V E D
IF T H E LE T T E R W I T H SU K U N I N T H E FI RST
W O R D IS N O T A M A D D LE T T E R, T H E N R E A D O R W I T H D H A M M A H
IF T H E LE T T E R W I T H SU K U N I N T H E FI RST
W O R D IS F R O M [ Z A R], R E A D T H E
W I T H F A T H A H
IF T H E LE T T E R W I T H SU K U N I N T H E FI RST W O R D IS N O T
M A D D A N D N O T F R O M [ Z A R], T H E N R E A D T H E
SU K U N LE T T E R W I T H K ASR A H
E X C EP T I O N : I N SH O UL D B E
R E A D W I T H F A T H A H
18
R ULES O F ST O PPI N G
R ULES F O R E N D I N G A SE N T E N C E
C H A N G E F A T H A H O R D H A M M A H O R K ASR A H
O R D H A M M A T A I N O R K ASR A T A I N T O SU K U N
C H A N G E F A T H A T A I N T O A LIF C H A N G E T O
N O T A T I O NS I N H O L Y Q U R A N
M UST ST O P
O or or or or or
M UST N O T ST O P
PR E F E R R E D T O ST O P
PR E F E R R E D N O N - ST O P
or - or or or
ST O P A N D N O N - ST O P A R E SA M E
or or [above O or ]
1. ST O P A T O N E :. A N D N O T A T A N O T H E R :.2. D IF F E R E N T O PI N I O N PE RSIST S F O R
1. ST O PPE D A T 2. PR E F E R ST O PPI N G A T
3. PR E F E R N O N - ST O P A T
ST O P AS
ST O P AS
ST O P AS ST O P AS
O BSE R V E AS PR E V I O US
SY M B O L I N T H E A A Y A H
GENERAL RULE: 1. WE MUST STOP AT . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN : IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY, YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR
TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
19
R ULES O F SA K T A
SA K T A: ST O P T H E SO U N D B U T D O N' T B R E A K T H E B R E A T H
I N SU R A H
I N SU R A H
I N SU R A H
I N SU R A H
A C C O R D I N G T O SO M E SC H O L A RS
I N SU R A H
GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTA AT THE POINT OF STOPPING
20
T H E PL A C ES O F A R T I C UL A T I O N
M O L A R
C O NSO N A N T
P A L A T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
U V UL A R
C O NSO N A N T S
L A BI A L (LIP)
C O NSO N A N T S
I N T E R - D E N T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
A L V E O - D E N T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
D E N T A L
C O NSO N A N T S
A L V E O L A R
C O NSO N A N T S
P H A R Y N G E A L
( T H R O A T) C O NSO N A N T S
L O W E R T H R O A T
MI D D LE T H R O A T
UPPE R T H R O A T
N ASA L C A V I T Y (N ASA LI Z A T I O N)
O R A L C A V I T Y
(V O W ELS)
T H E PL A C ES O F A R T I C UL A T I O N
21
22
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