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Kuliah Blok 10 FK Unsri 2015
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7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)
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BACILLACEAE
YUWONO, MD
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1872, Ferdinand Cohn murid Robert Koch menemukan Bacillus subtilis
Genus Bacillus,family Bacillaceae
Ciri khas famili ini endospora
Ciri genus Gram!"ositif, batang, aerobik atau fakultatif, membentuk endos"ora
#bi$uitous in nature
%ndos"ora resisten &at kimia dan fisik'iklus "embentukan endos"ora
(rodusen antibiotik
'"ora dan kristal "roteinnya toksik untuk bebera"a serangga
(atogen Bacillus anthracis
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Bacillus coagulans
Great di)ersity in "hysiology
*endegradasi ham"ir semua substrat tumbuhan dan he+an termasuk selulosa,
starch, "ectin, "rotein, agar, hidrokarbon
(roduksi antibiotik
itrifikasi, denitrifikasi, fiksasi nitrogen, facultati)e lithotro"hy- autotro"hy-
acido"hily- alkali"hily- "sychro"hily- thermo"hily dan "arasitism.
'"ora meru"akan strategi bertahan di tanah dimana banyak sekali bakteri. '"ora/uga da"at ditemukan di udara
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Nutrisi dan Pertumbuhan0am"ir semua acillus )ersatile
chemoheterotro"hs yaitu mam"u
res"irasi menggunakan berbagai
sim"le organic com"ounds sugars,amino acids, organic acids3."ada bebera"a kasus kadang
memfermentasi karbohidrat
mem"roduksi glycerol dan
butanediol.acillus megaterium memerlukan
non organic gro+th factors*ayoritas mesofil o"timum 45!
6C,ta"i ada /uga yang termofilik
"ada 9C
Mucoid-type colonies of an
encapsulated Bacillus species
Generation time di laboratorium 2 menit
acillus mudah diisolasi. :eknik sederhana dengan "asteuri&e a diluted soil
sam"le "ada 85C 1 menit "late "ada nutrient agar dan inkubasi 47C 26
/am!bebera"a hari. 'etelah 26 /am ada koloni basilus yang khas catalase!
"ositi)e, Gram!"ositi)e, endos"ore!forming rods
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Sura!e Stru!ture o Ba!i""us
'e"erti "ermuakaan Gram!"ositif lainnya kom"leks berhubungan dengan adherence,
resistance dan tactical res"onses
;egetati)e cell surface terdiri dari ca"sule, "roteinaceous surface layer '!layer3,
se)eral layers of "e"tidoglycan sheeting dan "rotein "ada outer surface membran
"lasma
Surface of a Bacillus. Transmission E.M.C=Capsule; S=S-layer; P=Peptidoglycan
'!layers Crystalline "rotein atau glyco"rotein subunit yang disebut '!layers, fungsi
belum diketahui
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#apsu"B. anthracis, B. subtilis, B. megaterium danB. licheniformis: poly-D- or L-glutamic acid.
B. circulans, B. megaterium, B. mycoides danB. pumilus: karbohidrat.
(olisakarida bebera"aBacillus bereaksi silang dengan genus "atogen lain se"ertiB.mycoides dengan Streptococcus pneumoniae type III; B. pumilus denganNeisseria
meningitidis group ; B.al!eli dengan "aemophilus influen#ae type B.
=i ba+ah :%* bebera"a ka"sul "oli"e"tida dan "olisakarida tam"ak fibriler. Ka"sul
mudah dilihat dengan mikrosko" cahaya. *edia berka"sul bersifat mukoid atauslimy
colony
Ka"sul Bacillus anthracis $ stain kiri3,negati!e stain %india in&' kanan3
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Ce"" Wa""s:idak ber)ariasi se"erti "ada Gram!"ositif umumnya. =inding sel )egetatif
terbuat darimeso-diaminopimelic acid %D(' kecuali "adaB. sphaericus, B.
pasteurii danB. globisporus dari lysine
$"a%e""a
*ayoritas Bacillus motil yaitu memilikiperitrichous flagella& Flagel teta" stabil
hingga "0 11.
>ndi)idual cells of motile acillus s"ecies "hotogra"hed on nutrient agar, 1,555?
. B. subtilis; B. B. polymy)a; *. B. laterosporis; D. B. al!eli.
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Perbedaan endospora dan se" 'e%etati Bacillus species
Property Vegetative cells Endospores
Surface coats
Typical Gram-positivemurein cell wallpolymer; crystalline S-layer
Thick spore coat, cortex, andunique peptidoglycan corewall; no S-layer
Microscopic appearance onrefractile !efractile
"alcium dipicolinic acid #$sent %resent in core
"ytoplasmic water activity &igh 'ery low
(n)ymatic activity %resent #$sent
Macromolecular synthesis %resent #$sent
&eat resistance *ow &igh
!esistance to chemicals andacids
*ow &igh
!adiation resistance *ow &igh
Sensitivity to lyso)ymeSome sensitive; someresistant
!esistant
Sensitivity to dyes andstaining
Sensitive !esistant
7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)
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(eneti):ransforamsi "ada Bacillus subtilisditemukan "ada1@8
Generali&ed and s"eciali&ed transduction /uga ter/adi "ada B. subtilisGenes affecting s"orulation B. subtilisacterio"hages memediasi generali&ed transduction "ada B subtilis, B. cereus,
B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis, B. anthracis dan B. stearothermophilus.Con/ugati)e "lasmids fertility "lasmids ca"able of bringing about their o+n
transfer from one bacterium to another3 /uga ter/adi "ada bebra"a s"esies
>nsecticidal delta toAin crystal "rotein . thuringiensis dikode "ada large"lasmids. (lasmid ini da"at ditransfer antar s"esies. 'elain itu terbukti "ula
bah+atransmissible "lasmids of acillus, a con/ugati)e trans"oson :n@23
berasal dari %nterococcus faecalis ke . subtilis.
E)o"o%i%ndos"ora resisten terhada" stres lingkungan. (rimary habitat of the aerobicendos"ore!forming bacilli is the soil. Russian microbiologist Binogradsky
menyebutnya normal flora of the soil.
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E!oph*sio"o%i!a" %roupscidop!iles" B. acidocaldarius, B. coagulans dan B. polymy#a.
l$alip!iles" B. al$alop!ilus dan B. pasteurii. %ptimum p& ' - ((
&alop!iles" B. pantot!enticus, B. pasteurii, beberapa ta!an () * +aClPsyc!rop!iles atau psyc!rotrop!s" B. globisporus, B. insolitus, B. marinus,
B. macuariensis, B. megaterium, B. polymy#a, tumbu! pada )C
T!ermop!iles" B. acidocaldarius, B. sc!legelii dan B. stearot!ermop!ilus,
cidop!iles dan it!oautotrop!s pada $elompo$ ini ta!an !ingga /C.
0enitrifiers" B. a1otoformans, B. cereus, B. laterosporus, B. lic!eniformis, B.
pasteurii, B. stearot!ermop!ilus 2reduce +%3 to +%45.+itrogen-fi#ers" B. macerans and B. polymy#a. B. macerans in soil and in
decaying 6egetable material.
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(athogens of >nsectsB. lar!ae, B. lentimorbis, and B. popilliae are in!asi!e
pathogens. B. thuringiensis forms a "aras"oral crystal that is toAic toLepidoptera.
B. lar!ae, B. lentimorbis and B. popilliae are a related cluster ofBacillus species,
being insect "athogens, +ith s+ollen s"orangia, and ty"ically catalase!negati)e.
(athogens of DnimalsB. anthracis, and B. cereus. B. al!ei, B. megaterium, B.
coagulans, B. laterosporus, B. subtilis, B. sphaericus, B. circulans, B. bre!is, B.
licheniformis, B. macerans, B. pumilus, andB. thuringiensis ha)e been isolated
from human infections.
7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)
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acillus
Classification
7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)
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acillus
< GE +ith s$uare cut ends
< Forms endos"ores
< on!motile
n either ty"e, the illness usually lasts less than 26 hours after
onset.
:he short!incubation form is caused by a "reformed heat!stable enterotoAin.
:he mechanism and site of action of this toAin are unkno+n. :he long!incubation form is mediated by a heat!labile enterotoAin +hich acti)ates
intestinal adenylate cyclase and causes intestinal fluid secretion.
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Bacillus subtilis dan spesies "ain=itemukan di lingkungan
(atogen o"ortunistik
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GRD* ('>:>;% D:DG '(RD
CASE
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CASE
:he "atient +as a 2,15 gram female neonate
orn at 42 +eeks gestation. 'he had "oor )ital signs and she +as
intubated at birth because of "oor res"iratory effort.
:he mother "resented at the time of deli)ery +ith com"laints of lo+er
abdominal "ains +ith a tem"erature of 4@oC and a +hite blood cell
count of 2,555Lmm
4
.:he mother +as gi)en am"icillin at the time of deli)ery. 'he
reco)ered.
lood cultures +ere taken from the infant soon after birth. :hese
gre+ Gram!"ositi)e coccobacilli that "roduced beta hemolysis onshee" blood agar.
Humbar "unctures +ere attem"ted, but they +ere too traumatic and
non!re)ealing.
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isteria monocytogenesGram positif, batang pendek bulat (kokobasiler)
Fakultatif anaerob, b-hemolytic on sheep blood agarTumbuh pada suhu 4C !atalase positifCommonly associated "ith dairy products
/hemo"*sis
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(e+a"a )"inis *eningoence"halitis *ost common in neonates Ho+ grade se"ticemia during "regnancy Granulomatosis infantise"tica!intrauterine
%arly onset syndrome! before deli)ery characteri&ed by se"ticemia, disseminated abscesses and granulomas
Hate onset syndrome! meningitis 2!4 +eeks after birth
*#': % differentiated from Grou" 'tre"tococcal
meningitis3
7/17/2019 Prof. Dr. dr. Yuwono, M. Biomed- Bacil Gram Positif (Bacillaceae)
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acillus
Dntibiotic susce"tibility and treatment< (enicillin or tetracycline
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acillus
< B. cereusis also an o""ortunistic "athogen that
has been cultured from cases of se"ticemia,
endocarditis, meningitis, +ound infections,
"neumonia, and fulminant eye infections- in addition
to the enterotoAin that bacteria may "roduce, adermonecrotic and a lethal toAin, hemolysins,
lecithinase, "roteases, and nucleases may be
in)ol)ed in its "athogenesis- clindamycin +ith or
+ithout gentamycin may be used for treatmentinfections
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Basil gram 2:5 berspora
.eroba.Bacillus cereus
b.B.subtilis
c.B.ant!racis
.naerob
a.Clostridium tetani
b.Cl.perfringens 27elc!ii5 c.Cl.botulinum
d.Cl.difficile
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Bacillus ant!racis
Menyebab$an peny.ant!ra# 21oonosis5.
nfe$si ter8adi pd manusia melalui spora.
(.$ulit " berupa papula6esi$ula pustula maligna
ul$us ne$roti$. $alau men8alar $eseluru! tubu! septi$emia.
4.gasterointestinal "melalui ma$anan 2daging !e7an5
3.pneumonia.per in!alasi paru paru
secara alamia! " 7ool
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Sifat sifat B.ant!racis
batang besar,u8ung persegi,( # 3-> um, tersusun spt rantai
pan8ang 2mirip bambu5 ? berspora sentral- nonmotil.
Pembia$an "$oloni bulat,transparan,!emolisis2-5,mencair$an
gelatin.
@apsul terdiri dari asam glutamat, sedang$an badan berupa
protein dan polisa$arida.
Meng!asil$an to$sin "
(. protein
4. Aa$tor edema
3. Aa$tor let!al
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0iagnosis laboratorium
(. Ba!an pemeri$saan " pus, dara!,sputum, 8r biopsi
4. Pengecatan " basil gram 2:5,bentu$ rantai.3. Pembia$an pd agar dara!.
>. Tes scoli " terbentu$ cincin presipitat apabila serum
imun : e$stra$ 8aringan terinfe$si.
Terapi " penisilinPencega!an " 6a$sin ant!ra#
Epidemiologi " spora tana! !e7an 2domba5 manusia
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@ontrol "
(. Bang$ai !e7an diba$ar.
4. Produ$ tercemar di auto$laf3. una$an sarung tangan,mas$er,ba8u
pelindung, goggle, dll.
>. a$sinasi !e7an terna$.
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Clostridium tetani
0i8umpai di seluru! dunia " tana!,$otoran !e7an,dll.
Basil gr2:5, anaerob, spora terminal2:5, motil.Meng!asil$an e$soto$sin yg be$er8a pd C+S.
spasme ,!iperrefle$si, $e8ang o$ tetanospasmin.
@uman tida$ in6asif " masu$ melalui lu$a yg dalamD$otor.2bayi "umbili$us, lu$a tusu$, lubang gigi, dll.5
Spora 6egetatif e$soto$sin $e a#onDdara! C+S.
e8ala " trismus 2loc$8a75,risus sardonicus.
Pencega!an " 0PT,TS profila$sis,booster TT.
Pengobatan " 7ound cleansing,penisilin,TS TT.
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Pemeri$saan laboratorium
Spesimen " pus ,dibia$$an pd anaerobic 8ar .
Tampa$ $oloni $ecil spt 8ala !alus ber8alinan.Pada media cair 2c!opped coo$ed meat5 " tumbu! pada
dasar tabung.
Pemeri$saan lab 8arang diminta F
@alau secara $linis 2:5 ge8ala tetanus "
Bayi " tetanus neonatorum, orang de7asa 2lu$a $otor5
langsung MGS terapi .
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Clostridium botulinum
Penyebaran di seluru! dunia 2tana!,$otoran !e7an5
Meng!asil$an 9 8enis to$sin, sDd .
, B, dan E " peny.pd.manusia 2$eracunan ma$anan5
C " limber nec$ 2unggas5
0 " botulismus pd peterna$.
Penya$it timbul pasca meng$onsumsi ma$anan yang
dia7et$an " $alengan, ma$anan yg diasap,di6a$um.
Pd bayi " madu sids 2sudden infant deat! syndrome5
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To$sin rusa$ 8i$a dipanas$an ())H C D 4) menit
e8ala penya$it "
('-I 8am pasca ma$an ma$anan yg tercemar
flaccid paralysis berupa gangguan pengli!atan,ta$ dpt menelan, $esulitan bicara, paralisis bulbar
progresif, tanpa demam.
@ematian a$ibat paralisis otot pernafasan dan
8antung.
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Clostridium perfringens
Spora masu$ melalui lu$a dalamD$otor 2fra$tur terbu$a5
Menyebab$an gas gangrene 2clostridial myonecrosis5
o$ alfa to$sin 2lecit!inase5 yg meng!idrolisis membran sel.
e8ala " nyeri !ebat, men8alar pembentu$an gas pd
8r.sub$utan otot .@alau diraba ber $repitasi.
Terapi " o$sigen !iperbari$ dan amputasi.
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Clostridium difficile
Menyebab$an $olitis pseudomembranosaterutama pd ana$.
0iare t! clindamycin flora normal mati
Ber$embang Cl.diff to$sin $olitis psdapat bera$ibat fatal.
Terapi " 6ancomycin
ab " mencari e$soto$sin dr tin8a pasien.
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:0DK M#
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