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1
SeZlebuli ojaxi soflad da qalaqad
politikuri gaerTianeba “axali memarjveneebis”
programa
Sinaarsi
preambula 5
saqarTvelos seriozuli cvlilebebi esaWiroeba 5
rogori saqarTvelo gvinda Cven ? 9
Tavi 1. demokratiuli saxelmwifo - wesebi axali saqarTvelosaTvis 11
saxelmwifo mowyoba, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizibuli policia, arCev-
nebi da demokratia
11
demokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba, adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi, media da
gamoxatvis Tavisufleba
12
umciresobebis uflebebi 12
genderuli Tanasworoba 13
Tavi II. administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba da decentralizacia 15
arsebuli viTareba 15
TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi da kompetenciebi 16
TviTmmarTvelobaSi Semavali dasaxlebebi, maTi statusi 17
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis finansuri damoukidebloba 17
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis qoneba 18
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis da decentralizaciis prioritetebi 20
migracia da qveynis proporciuli ganviTareba (mTis daclis Tavidan acileba) 23
Tavi III. sagareo politika - politika, romelsac endobian msoflioSi 25
saqarTvelos urTierToba aSS-sTan 25
evroatlantikuri integracia 25
saqarTvelos urTierToba mezobel qveynebTan 25
urTierToba ruseTTan 26
teritoriuli mTlianoba da deokupacia 26
Tavdacva, usafrTxoeba da SeiaraRebuli Zalebi 27
ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba 27
energetikuli usafrTxoeba 28
eko-usafrTxoeba 28
eqstremaluri bunebrivi movlenebis, bunebrivi katastrofebisa da maT mier gamowveu-
li riskebis marTvis gaumjobeseba
29
sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba 29
Tavi IV. ekonomikis gaZlierebis gegma - sabazro ekonomikis axali starti 30
1. makroekonomikuri garemo 30
mTliani Sida produqti (mSp) 30
monopoliebi 31
siRaribis zRvari, saarsebo minimumi 31
2
dasaqmebis politika. umuSevroba 32
inflacia 33
2. seqtoruli ekonomika 36
samrewvelo seqtori 36
sabanko seqtori 37
soflis meurneobis seqtori 37
vaWroba 38
3. finansebi 39
fiskaluri politika 39
sabiujeto politika 40
saxelmwifo vali 44
sagadamxdelo balansi 45
investiciebi 47
4. ekonomikis da biznesgaremos ganviTarebis zogadi koncefcia 48
1. ZiriTadi tendenciebi 48
2. ras efuZneba ganviTarebis koncefcia 49
3. ekonomikuri da biznes garemo 49
a. dekriminalizacia (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis SezRudva) 50
b. konkurenciis dacva 50
g. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba 51
d. biznesombudsmeni 53
e. mcire biznesi 54
Tavi V. 21-e saukunis qarTuli sofeli 60
qarTuli sofeli 60
qveynis sasicocxlo arteria - intensiuri soflis meurneoba 61
arsebuli viTarebis analizi 61
investiciebi 62
ruseTis faqtori 62
mTavrobis politika 63
soflis meurneobis saministros SesaZleblobebi 63
ganaTleba, kvleva da konsultaciebi 63
daavadebebi 63
kreditebis xelisawvdomoba 64
dazRveva 64
miwa 64
fermerebi 64
soflis meurneobis Camoyalibeba biznesisTvis mimzidvel dargad 64
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba 65
sakredito resursis xelmisawvdomoba 65
dazRveva 66
sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyoba 67
Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi 67
sawvavi 68
soflis meurneobis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba 68
samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacia 68
sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia 68
3
meqanizacia 69
fermerTa momsaxureba da konsultacia 69
produqtiuli jiSebis, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb informa-
ciis gavrceleba
69
produqciis mimReb - gadamamuSavebeli centrebis, gasaRebis bazrebis Sesaxeb informa-
ciis gavrceleba
69
veterinaruli da agronomiuli momsaxureba 70
ganaTleba da codna soflis meurneobaSi 70
1000 veterinaris da 1000 agronomis momzadeba 70
sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis xarisxis kontroli/sasursaTo usafrTxoeba 71
qveynis biujetidan soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze gamoyofili saxsrebis finans-
uri gaangariSeba
71
Tavi VI. xelmisawvdomi jandacva da zrunva adamianebze 74
jandacva 74
arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva 74
jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, adamianuri resursebis ganviTareba 83
Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba 84
samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba 86
socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis prevencia da mkurnaloba 88
sapensio sistema 88
socialuri dacva 89
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa 89
teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis socialuri
dacva
90
Tavi VII. gamarTuli infrastruqtura - gza, wyali, gazi, transporti yvela qalaqi-sa da soflisTvis
92
arsebuli mdgomareoba 92
regionuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT “axali memarjveneebis” pri-
oritetebi
93
wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis uzrunvelyofa 93
soflebis gazificireba 93
gadasaxadebi da tarifebi 93
satransporto sistemis ganviTareba 93
gzebis mSenebloba qalaqebsa da soflebSi 93
swori dagegmva da regionebs Soris disproporciis aRmofxvra 93
Tavi VIII. investicia momavalSi - meti Sansebi ganaTlebis, kvlevisa da inovacie-bisaTvis
94
arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi 94
decentralizacia saqarTveloSi 96
“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi ganaTlebis sferoSi 98
dafinanseba 98
skolamdeli ganaTleba 98
decentralizacia 99
ganaTlebis saministro 99
swavlebis safexurebi 100
4
pedagogi 100
swavlis xarisxis amaRleba 100
saxelmZRvanelo 101
kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centri 101
profesiuli ganaTleba 101
umaRlesi ganaTleba 101
mecniereba 102
mecniereba da ekonomika 104
Tavi IX. gadavarCinoT da msoflios gavacnoT unikaluri qarTuli kultura 105
kulturuli cxovrebis gaaqtiureba 105
kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba 106
qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatana. qarTuli enis ganviTareba 106
Tavi X. SevuqmnaT momavali saqarTvelos momavals 107
socialuri ganviTareba axalgazrdebisaTvis 107
jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidreba 107
axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba 108
5
preambula
saqarTvelos seriozuli cvlilebebi esaWiroeba
qveyanam Sewyvita svla realuri da funqcionirebadi demokratiisken :
gabatonebulia klanur-partiuli mmarTveloba, ganuwyvetliv regress ganicdis demokratiuli
institutebi, miuRwevelia balansi xelisuflebis Stoebs Soris, ukiduresad dakninebulia par-
lamentis roli, romlis sakonstitucio umravleoba erTi partiis xelSia Tavmoyrili.
problemebia adamianis uflebebis dacvaSi, pirovnebis TavisuflebaSi, kerZo sakuTrebis xel-
SeuxeblobaSi, sasamarTlos damoukideblobaSi. SerCeviTi samarTali da mediis Tavisufleba
jer kidev rCeba seriozul gamowvevad qarTuli demokratiisTvis, praqtikulad ar arsebobs
TviTmmarTveloba, saxelisuflebo vertikali ukiduresad centralizebulia da absoluturad ar
kontroldeba xalxisgan.
ekonomika ar viTardeba Tavisufali konkurenciis principiT. ekonomikis TiTqmis yvela dargSi
gabatonebulia monopolia da moxda xelisuflebis Sezrda kapitalTan. Cven praqtikulad dav-
brundiT ekonomikaze saxelmwifo kontrolis epoqaSi. daSinebulia da saxelmwifo reketis qveS
imyofeba biznesi, misTvis ar aris Seqmnili usafrTxo da prognozirebadi garemo. mmarTveli
klanis viwro wreSi damkvidrebulia elituri korufcia. gamouyenebelia qveynis seriozuli po-
tenciali agrarul seqtorSi. uzarmazari sxvaobaa qalaqad da soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis
cxovrebis dones Soris.
mTliani Sida produqtis da ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis matebisa miuxedavad realurad
ar momxdara mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gaumjobeseba. Zalian bevri ojaxi yovelgvari Semosav-
lis gareSea darCenili.
mosaxleobis udidesi nawili socialurad daucvelia, maTTvis xelmiuwvdomelia jandacva,
maRalia qronikuli da socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis gavrcelebis done, sapensio sistema ver
uzrunvelyofs Rirseul siberes.
xelisufleba ar aris orientirebuli im gezze, romliTac viTardeba civilizebuli samyaro da
avirCia raRac gaurkvveli „sakuTari gza“ ganaTlebasa da mecnierebaSi.
rac mTavaria, erTpartiuli da erTpirovnuli mmarTvelobis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia qveynis xerx-
emali gaxdes Zlieri demokratiuli institutebi da kanoniereba, ris gareSec momavali ar aqvs arc
erT saxelmwifos.
saqarTvelos demokratiul da warmatebul saxelmwifod Camoyalibeba mxolod mravalpartiuli,
dabalansebuli da saxelmwifoebrivi pasuxismgeblobis mqone parlamentis arsebobis pirobebSia
SesaZlebeli.
qveyanaSi demokratiasTan dakavSirebuli yvela problema - pirovnebis Tavisuflebis, kerZo
sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobis, damoukidebeli sasamarTlos, Tavisufali mediis ar arsebo-
bis kuTxiT gamowveulia erTi Zalis mier politikuri sivrcis sruli monopolizebiT, romelic
damoukideblobis 20 wlis manZilze qarTuli saxelmwifos winaSe umTavres gamowvevad iqca.
2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebi saetapo iqneba qveynis cxovrebaSi, radgan aCens Sanss bolo
moeRos erTpartiul mmarTvelobas.
am arCevnebs ori umniSvnelovanesi aspeqti aqvs . pirveli - sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania, rom
Catardes Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebi da meore - bolo moeRos monopolizebul poli-
tikur sistemas qveyanaSi.
6
Cveni qveynis stabiluri momavali iTxovs 2012 wlis saparlamento arCevnebis Sedegad qveyanaSi
Seiqmnas mravalpartiuli dabalansebuli parlamenti da sabolood Camoyalibdes sistema, ro-
melic gamoricxavs erTi pirovnebis, erTi politikuri partiis neba-survilze qveynis marTvas.
Cven, politikuri gaerTianeba „axali memarjveneebi“, vacnobierebT ra qveynis winaSe mdgar prob-
lemebs, vgegmavT parlamentSi dabrunebas ara mxolod gansxvavebuli azris dasafiqsireblad,
aramed demokratiis da ekonomikuri ganviTarebisken saqarTvelos realuri svlis uzrunvel-
sayofad.
Cven gvaqvs mkafio mizani SevqmnaT saxelmwifo, romelSic adamianebi iqnebian dasaq-
mebulebi da soflad da qalaqad yvela ojaxi SeZlebulad icxovrebs
am miznis misaRwevad partiis prioritetebia:
usafrTxoeba da stabiluroba
realuri liberaluri demokratia
sabazro ekonomika da Tavisufali konkurencia
Zlieri sofeli
xelmisawvdomi jandacva
socialuri samarTlianoba
uzrunvelyofili sibere
xarisxiani ganaTleba
sazogadoebas vTavazobT programas, romelic SeZlebs uaxloes 4 weliwadSi saqarTvelos winaSe
mdgari yvelaze seriozuli problemebis mogvarebas: qveynisa da misi moqalaqeebis usafrTxoebas,
saqarTvelos demokratiul da samarTlian saxelmwifod Camoyalibebas institucionalur do-
neze, ekonomikis realuri seqtoris ganviTarebas, qarTuli soflis aRorZinebas da qalaqad da
soflad cxovrebis doneSi arsebuli gansaxvavebis aRmofxvras; seriozul garRvevas mosaxleobis
cxovrebis bevrad ufro maRali donis uzrunvelyofaSi, socialur dacvSi, ganaTlebisa da jan-
dacvis xelmisawvdomobaSi.
„axal memarjveneebs“ naTlad gvaqvs Camoyalibebuli risTvis mivdivarT arCevnebze.
momavali oTxi wlis manZilze saqarTvelos parlamentSi „axali memarjveneebis“ fraqcia up-
irveles yovlisa ibrZolebs imisTvis, rom:
• moispos dRes arsebuli monopoliebi da qveyanaSi Seiqmnas konkurentuli garemo biznesis
ganviTarebisTvis, rac niSnavs dabal fasebsa da axal samuSao adgilebs;
• xeli Seewyos mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebas da Sewydes is saxelmwifo terori,
romelic mewarmeobiT dakavebuli adamianebis winaaRmdeg mimdinareobs, rac qveyanaSi aTeul
aTasobiT adamians daasaqmebs;
• aRorZindes qarTuli sofeli, qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis mZlavri berketi gaxdes
soflis meurneoba. Cven sofels pirvelyovlisa ganvixilavT ara mxolod rogorc qveynis
dovlaTis Seqmnis uzarmazar potencials, aramed im garemos, romelic yvelaze kargad inaxavs
qarTul tradiciul yofas;
• adamianebi uzrunvelyofilni iyvnen samedicino dazRveviT, romelic moicavs rogorc avad-
myofobis prevencias, aseve mkurnalobisa da medikamentebis xarjebis dafarvas;
• xandazmul adamianebis pensia iyos maTi damsaxurebis adeqvaturi, ar CamorCebodes saarsebo
minimums da iZleodes sibereSi Rirseuli cxovrebis saSualebas;
• mieces axalgazrdobas saSualeba Tavis qyeyanaSi miiRos rogorc akademiuri ise profesiuli
xarisxiani ganaTleba da Seiqmnas kariera;
7
ratom gamovyaviT es prioritetiebi?
ara monopoliebs - qveyanas Tavisufali konkurencia sWirdeba
xelisufleba srulad akontrolebs bizness da qveyanaSi Seqmna monopoliebi mTel rig sferoe-
bSi, rac angrevs ekonomikas, xels uSlis konkurencias da Sesabamisad, warmoSobs samuSao adg-
ilebis deficits, iwvevs sawvavis, medikamentebis, sakvebi produqtebis, momsaxurebis calkeuli
saxeobebis siZvires. monopoliebis Seqmna da mfarveloba uzarmazar finansur sargebels aZlevs
xelisuflebas, magram azaralebs mosaxleobas. es pirdapir aisaxeba TiToeuli ojaxis biujetze
da uZvirebs mas cxovrebas.
Cven brZola gamovucxadeT monopoliebs da vaiZulebT xelisuflebas xeli aiRos monopoliebis
Seqmnaze, maT mfarvelobasa da aqedan uzarmazari sargebelis miRebaze. Cven sakanonmdeblo do-
neze mivaRwevT Tavisufali konkurenciis garemos Seqmnas qveyanaSi, riTac mogebuli darCeba
TiToeuli ojaxi.
mcire da saSualo biznesi
ekonomika is safuZvelia, romlis gareSe SeuZlebelia adamianebis cxovrebis maRali standar-
tiT uzrunvelyofa, maTi socialuri dacva, xelmisawvdomi jandacva da ganaTleba. amave dros
mxolod finansurad uzrunvelyofili adamiania Tavisufali gadawyvetilebebis miRebaSi, up-
irveles yovlisa, mxolod mas SeuZlia gaakeTos Tavisufali arCevani da amiT uzrunvelyos
demokratia sakuTar qveyanaSi.
Zlieri ekonomika ki mcire da saSualo mewarmeobas efuZneba. msoflio masStabiT biznesis 95%-
ze mets mcire da saSualo mewarmeoba warmoadgens da am segmentSi warmoebuli produqti
mTliani Sida produqtis 50%-ia. aSS-Si arsebuli sawarmoebis 90%-ze meti mcire sawarmoa,
sadac TiToeulSi aTamde adamiania dasaqmebuli, xolo evrokavSirSi mcire da saSualo biznesSi
dasaqmebuli adamianebis raodenoba kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulebis 2/3-s Seadgens.
iq sadac arsebobs mcire biznesi aris fuli.
garda amisa aris goneba, Rirseba da sakuTari Tu sxvis uflebebis dacvis mzaoba, aris saSualo
klasi, romelic qveynis normaluri ganviTarebis garantia.
dRes saqarTveloSi msxvili biznesi an xelisuflebis maRali eSelonebis warmomadgenelTa xel-
Sia, an arsebobs mxolod misi nebarTviT da eqvemdebareba gavlenas. mcire da saSualo biznesi ki
xelisuflebis mxridan sagadasaxado teroris qveSaa.
sanam ar dasruldeba mcire da saSualo biznesis terori, sanam mas ar Seeqmneba pirobebi - ver
ganviTardeba qveynis ekonomika, ver Seiqmneba samuSao adgilebi.
mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTareba miscems saSualebas Cveni qveynis moqalaqeebs icxovron
SeZlebulad, izrunon sakuTar janmrTelobaze, miiRon ganaTleba, hqondeT uzrunvelyofili
sibere.
sofeli da soflis meurneoba
bunebrivi da klimaturi pirobebi aZlevs saSualebas saqarTvelos hqondes ganviTarebuli
soflis meurneoba da awarmoos ekologiurad sufTa produqcia. am potencials qveyana ver
iyenebs. Cven jer kidev eqstensiuri soflis meurneobis pirobebSi vimyofebiT, ris gamoc so-
flad mcxovrebi mosaxleoba - qveynis mosaxleobis 47%-ze meti, gaWirvebulia. sofels ar aqvs
Sesaferisi infrastruqtura, mosaxleobas xeli ar miuwvdeba jandacvaze, xarisxian ganaTlebaze.
8
xelisufleba soflis skolebis xarjze akeTebs biujetSi ekonomias da ar acnobierebs, rom
sadac ar aris skola, iq sofeli kvdeba.
amave dros sofeli aris is garemo, sadac inaxeba Cveni tradiciuli yofa, Cveni kultura, eris
sulieri simdidre. qarTuli sofeli qarTveli kacis unikaluri da Seucvleli samyofelia. es
gamorCeulad is adgilia, romlis gamoc Cven globalizaciis pirobebSi saintereso varT danar-
Ceni msofliosTvis.
„axali memarjveneebis“ startegiaa miRweul iqnas soflad cxovrebis maRali standarti da qveya-
naSi ganviTardes intensiuri soflis meurneoba, Cvenma qveyanam SeZlos ara marto TviTon daik-
mayofilos moTxovna sasoflo - sameurneo produqciaze, aramed eqsportze gaitanos ekologiu-
rad sufTa produqtebi.
soflad glexi unda dasaqmdes. xeli unda SevuwyoT fermerebs, mewarmeebs soflebSi aaSenon
mefrinveleobis fabrikebi, fermebi, yvelis mini-qarxnebi, saxerxebi, da a.S. TiTo sawarmo yovel
sofelSi unda iyos.
xelmisawvdomi jandacva
jandacvaSi Catarebulma reformebma araTu mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dacvis maRali xarisxi
da xelmisawvdomoba moitana, aramed saqarTvelo Caayena im qveyanaTa ricxvSi, sadac mosaxleobis
udidesi nawili sruliad umweoa, roca saqme daavadebaTa prevencias, mkurnalobas da medika-
mentebiT uzrunvelyofas exeba.
hospitaluri seqtoris reformis idea swor safuZvelze iyo agebuli, magram mis ganxorciele-
baSi daSvebulma Secdomebma gamoiwvia saxelmwifos udidesi aqtivebis gaflangva, sanacvlod ki
miviReT sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier Tavidan bolomde monopolizebuli sistema, rodesac erT
xelSia moqceuli sadazRvevo sferoc, mkurnalobac, wamliT uzrunvelyofac da medikamentebis
warmoebac. jandacvis sferoSi gaCndnen monopolistebi - sadazRvevo kompaniebi, romelTa
kerZo interesebma gamoiwvia samedicino momsaxurebis dabali xarisxi, problemebi xelmisawvdo-
mobaSi, maRali fasebi medikamentebze.
saqarTveloSi mosaxleobis mier samedicino momsaxurebisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxebi mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba saSualo ojaxis finansur SesaZleblobebs, rac mZime tvirTad awveba sazogadoebas da
gansakuTrebiT mis Rarib fenas. mosaxleobis mier arasakveb produqtebze gaweuli xarjebis 40%
modis jandacvis sferoze.
qveyanaSi mosaxleobis udidesi nawili ar aris moculi dazRveviT, ris gamoc Zalze maRalia sa-
medicino momsaxurebis safasuris jibidan gadaxdis wili.
amave dros yvelaze saSiSi da mkurnalobis TvalsazrisiT ZviradRirebuli daavadebebi (C) hepa-titi, Sidsi, tuberkulozi da a.S.) ar Sedis sadazRvevo paketebSi, rac katastrofis tolfasia am
daavadebis mqone adamianebisaTvis.
iseve rogorc sazogadoebis zogierTi sxva fena, eqimebic da saSualo medpersonalic aRmoCndnen
xelisuflebis mxridan devnis, mizanmimarTuli diskreditaciis da sruli uuflebobis msxverpli.
xarisxiani ganaTleba da mecniereba
xarisxiani ganaTlebis da mecnierebis ganviTarebis gareSe qveyanas momavali ar aqvs.
miuxedavad garkveuli dadebiTi tendenciebisa, dRes ganaTlebaSi ZiriTad problemad rCeba
xarisxi. reformebis gauazrebelma da xSir SemTxvevaSi danaSaulebrivma xasiaTma gamoiwvia
9
is, rom, skolaSi dabrunda bavSvi, magram ver dabrunda ganaTleba, Zalze dabalia sabunebi-
smetyvelo sagnebis swavlebis done, disciplina skolaSi ver iqna miRweuli ise, rom ar Selaxu-
liyo skolis avtonomia, pedagogis Tavisufleba sagakveTilo procesSi. skola aewyo mandaturis
samsaxurze da ukana planze gadawia Tavisi ZiriTadi funqcia. skolebis optimizaciis process
Seewira ganaTlebis ZiriTadi principi - geografiuli xelmisawvdomoba. ganaTlebis sistemaSi
mimdinareobs ukiduresi centralizaciis procesi, romelic damaxasiaTebeli iyo sabWoTa sistem-
isTvis.
marTalia, gamocdebis procesis gamotanam umaRlesi saswavleblidan im etapze didi roli Sea-
srula, magram man amave dros SezRuda umaRlesi saswavleblis monawileoba im kontingentis
SerCevis procesSi, romlis ganaTlebis xarisxzec sabolood TviTon unda agos pasuxi. skolis
damamTavrebeli saatestato gamocdis SemoReba umaRles saswavlebelSi misaRebi gamocdis nacv-
lad udavod swori nabijia, magram arasakmarisi. ukve saWiroa etapobrivad umaRles saswavle-
blebSi miRebis iseT sistemaze gadasvla, romelic gazrdis umaRlesi saswavleblebis uflebebs
kontingentis SerCevaSi, rac xels Seuwyobs umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebas.
mecnierebis organizaciaSi gatarebulma „reformebma“ sabolood mouRo bolo qarTul tradici-
ul samecniero skolebs da dRes saxelmwifos mxridan mecnierebis mimarT aseTi midgomebis piro-
bebSi qarTul mecnierebas perspeqtiva ar aqvs.
rogori saqarTvelo gvinda Cven ?
“axali memarjveneebs” gagvaCnia savsebiT naTeli xedva Cveni qveynis ganviTarebisa. Cveni mizania
iseTi saqarTvelo, sadac SenarCunebulia erovnuli TviTmyofadoba, saukeTeso tradiciebi da
amave dros kari farTod aqvs gaRebuli progress, msoflio civilizaciis saukeTeso miRwevebs.
Cven gvinda saqarTvelo sadac:
yvela ojaxi icxovrebs SeZlebulad, rogorc soflada ise qalaqad;
Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi Catarebuli arCevnebis Sedegad iarsebebs dabalansebuli
parlamenti, sadac gadawyvetilebis mimRebi ar iqneba mxolod erTi politikuri Zala;
TiToeuli adamiani, yvela ojaxi iqneba centraluri figura xelisuflebisTvis;
adamianebisTvis mizani iqneba ara umweos statusis mopoveba da saxelmwifos finansuri daxmare-
biT Tavis rCena, aramed yvelas eqneba sakuTari SromiT normalurad cxovrebis da dovlaTis
Seqmnis SesaZlebloba;
yvelas eqneba saSualeba izrunos sakuTar janmrTelobaze da miiRos srulfasovani mkurnaloba;
yvelgan, qalaqad da soflad adamianebs eqnebaT SesaZlebloba icxovron normalur garemoSi da
isargeblon Tanamedrove teqnologiebis sikeTiT;
qveyanaSi miRweuli iqneba grZelvadiani ekonomikuri zrdis maRali tempi, rac ekonomikaSi Ta-
visufali bazris principebis farTod danergviT, mkacri fiskaluri discipliniTa da jansaRi
monetaruli politikis gatarebiT iqneba uzrunvelyofili;
ar iarsebebs monopoliebi da gasaqani miecema Tavisufal konkurencias, riTac Seiqmneba samuSao
adgilebi da mosaxleobas gauCndeba Semosavalida da xelmisawvdomi gaxdeba sawvavi, wamali,
produqti da sxva.
Camoyalibdeba Zlieri saSualo fena, rac uzrunvelyofs pirovnebis Tavisufal ganviTarebas;
10
qveynis Zlierebis saZirkveli iqneba Zlieri sofeli, sadac adamianebis cxovrebis done maqsim-
alurad miuaxlovdeba qalaqad cxovrebis dones:
saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs mavne produqciisagan adamianebis dacvas da warmoebuli produq-
ciis evropul standartebTan miaxloebas;
“axali memarjveneebis” mizania saqarTvelo iyos natos da garkveuli periodis Semdeg, evrokav-
Siris wevri saxelmwifo aqedan gamomdinare yvela sasikeTo SedegiT da perspeqtiviT.
da rac yvelaze mTavaria, Cveni mizania saqarTveloSi soflad da qalaqad iyos SeZlebuli ojaxebi,
yvela ojaxs hqondes Semosavali da SeeZlos Rirseulad cxovreba stabilur saxelmwifoSi.
amisTvis aucilebelia swori saxelmwifo politika. saWiroa biznesSi damkvidrdes Tavisufali
konkurenciis principi, Seiqmnas usafrTxo da prognozirebadi garemo, moxdes mcire da saSua-
lo biznesis stimulireba, Seiqmnas myari garantiebi investiciebis ganxorcielebisTvis, moxdes
gasaRebis axali bazrebis moZieba da efeqturad iqnas gamoyenebuli aSS-s Tan da evrokavSirTan
Tavisufali vaWrobis SemoRebis SesaZleblobebi.
es mogvcems saSualebas qveynis sabiujeto politika da sabiujeto xarjebis moculoba pirdapir-
proporciulad iyos damokidebuli ekonomikuri zrdis (mTliani Sida produqtis) maCvenebelze.
Sesabamisad, “axali memarjveneebis” poziciaa, rom sabiujeto xarjebis Tanafardobas da sx-
vadasxva sabiujeto xarjis xvedriT wils mTlian Sida produqtTan mimarTebaSi Semdegi saxe
hqondes:
• Tavdacva – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 2,5 %-is nacvlad)
• ganaTleba – 5%; (dRes arsebuli 2,2 %-is nacvlad)
• Sss – 1,8%; (dRes arsebuli 2,2 %-is nacvlad)
• janmrTelobis dacva – 2,5%; (dRes arsebuli 1,6 %-is nacvlad)
• socialuri sfero – 6%; (dRes arsebuli 5 %-is nacvlad)
• soflis meurneoba – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 0,5 %-is nacvlad)
• infrastruqturuli proeqtebi – 2%; (dRes arsebuli 3,6 %-is nacvlad)
• saxelmwifo aparati – 1,5%. (dRes arsebuli 7 %-is nacvlad)
es iqneba garantia qveyanaSi uzrunvelyofili iqnas socialuri stabiluroba, yvela ojaxs See-
Zlos iqonios Semosavali da hqondes normaluri cxovrebis pirobebi.
yvelaferi es ukavSirdeba 2012 wlis Semodgomaze Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebis Catarebas,
romelic saqarTvelosTvis iqneba realuri Sansi miaRwios integracias evro-atlantikur struq-
turebSi, gaxdes msoflio Tanamegobrobis sruluflebiani wevri da Zlieri da warmatebuli saxelmwifo.
11
Tavi 1. demokratiuli saxelmwifo - wesebi axali saqarTvelosaTvis
saxelmwifo mowyoba, damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizirebuli policia, arCevnebi da demokratia
dRes saqarTvelosTvis seriozul gamowvevad rCeba SerCeviTi samarTali, xelisuflebis Stoebs
Soris balansis, kanonis uzenaesobis, damoukidebeli sasamarTlos ararseboba, centralizebuli
xelisufleba, mosaxleobaSi da pirvel rigSi biznesSi gamefebuli SiSi, policiuri saxelmwifo,
monopoliebi sawvavis, medikamentebis bazarze, medicinaSi, maRali fasebi produqtebsa Tu mom-
saxurebaze, susti da formaluri TviTmmarTveloba, biujetis xarjvis gaumWvirvaloba, Tavisu-
fali mediis, Tavisufali arCevnebis ararseboba da undobloba arCevnebis mimarT. demokratiuli
lozungebis safarqveS xdeba klanur -partiuli mmarTvelobis gaZliereba.
sasamarTlo qveyanaSi gadaqceulia prokuraturis danamatad, moxda marTlmsajulebis da policiis
politizeba.
penitencialur sistemaSi fasaduri Selamazebis fonze mwvave problemad rCeba patimarTa ufle-
bebis masobrivad darRveva, maT mimarT sadisturi mopyroba.
“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebia saxelmwifo mowyobis sferoSi:
• saqarTvelosTvis saxelmwifo mowyobis saukeTeso modelad migvaCnia saparlamento monarqia,
romlis drosac yvelaze kargad aris miRweuli balansi saxelisuflebo Stoebs - sakanon-
mdeblo, aRmasrulebel, sasamarTlo xelisuflebas Soris neitraluri arbitris meSveobiT.
“axali memarjveneebisTvis” aseTi neitraluri da Zlieri arbitri aris monarqi, magram ar-
sebuli realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, migvaCnia, rom dReisTvis es mxolod sasurveli modelia,
romlis ganxorcieleba am etapzze SeuZlebelia. sanam qveyanaSi Seiqmneba Sesaferisi garemo
saparlamento monarqiaze gadasvlisTvis, migvaCnia, rom unda SenarCundes saparlamento
respublika, Zlier parlaments da premier - ministrs Soris Zalauflebis gadanawilebis
gziT. neitraluri arbitri SesaZloa iyos Tavisufali da samarTliani arCevnebis gziT
pirdapiri wesiT arCeuli qveynis prezidenti;
• Cven mxars vuWerT mmarTvelobis demokratiul sistemas, romelSic Zalaufleba kanoniT aris
SezRuduli da ganawilebulia sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebel da sasamarTlo Stoebs Soris.
momaval parlamentSi partia iqneba iniciatori sakonstitucio cvlilebebisa, romlis mizani
iqneba xelisuflebis Stoebs Soris balansis Seqmna, rac 2011 wels ganxorcielebuli sakon-
stitucio cvlilebebiT ver iqna miRweuli. Zlieri prezidenti Secvala Zlierma premier -
ministrma, xolo susti parlamenti kvlav darCa sust parlamentad. parlamenti, praqtikulad
mZevali xdeba premier-ministris xelSi, romelsac nebismier kanonTan dakavSirebiT xelT
aqvs berketi TiTqmis usityvo morCilebaSi hyavdes parlamenti, an Seuqmnas mas daTxovnis
safrTxe;
• qveyanas hyavdes angariSvaldebuli da gamWvirvale mTavroba, romelic kontroldeba parla-
mentis mier da angariSvaldebulia mis winaSe;
• saqarTveloSi eklesia da saxelmwifo unda iyos mkafiod urTierTgamijnuli, saxelmwifo ar
unda ereodes eklesiis saqmeebSi, iseve rogorc eklesia ar unda ereodes saxelmwifos saqmi-
anobaSi;
12
damoukidebeli sasamarTlo, arapolitizibuli policia
• yvela donis sasamarTlo dauyovnebliv gaTavisufldeba saxelmwifo kontrolisagan;
• mivaRwevT, rom qveyanaSi adamianebs ar eSinodeT sasamarTlosi da policiis, aramed swored
es institutebi miaCndeT maTi uflebebisa da Tavisuflebis garantad;
• policia, romelmac uzrunvelyo qveyanaSi kriminogenuli viTarebis stabilizacia, gaTavisu-
fldeba politikuri wnexisgan da moemsaxureba mxolod sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvas;
samarTliani da Tavisufali arCevnebi
• saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs Tavisufal da samarTlian garemoSi arCevnebis Catarebas, realu-
rad amoqmeddeba is muxlebi, romlebic iTvaliswinebs pasuxismgeblobas arCevnebis gayalbebi-
saTvis, arCevanis uflebis SezRudvisaTvis;
• SeizRudeba administraciuli resursis da biujetis saxsrebis gamoyeneba, amomrCevelTa
mosyidva;
• dasruldeba sabiujeto dawesebulebebis da saxelmwifo mosamsaxureTa, Tavdacvis da poli-
ciis sistemaSi momuSave adamianebis, gansasjelebis Tu msjavrdebulebis iZuleba arCevnebSi
xelisuflebis sasargeblod arCevanis gakeTebaze;
demokratiuli institutebis ganviTareba, adamianis fundamenturi uflebebi, media da gamoxatvis
Tavisufleba
• saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs mis teritoriaze mcxovrebi yvela adamianisa da jgufis sayovel-
Taod aRiarebuli uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas, maTi Tavisufali arCevanis ufle-
bas, sityvis, azris, sindisis, aRmsareblobisa da rwmenis Tavisuflebas, Seqmnis xelsayrel
garemos TiToeuli moqalaqis SesaZleblobebis realizaciisaTvis;
• umTavres gamowvevad qveynis winaSe migvaCnia kanonis uzenaesoba, mediis da gamoxatvis Tavi-
sufleba. “axali memarjveneebi” uzrunvelvyofT mediis Tavisuflebas da qveyanaSi iseTi me-
diasaSualebebis arsebobas, sadac daculi iqneba gonivruli balansi gamoxatvis Tavisufle-
basa da adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis, piradi cxovrebis xelSeuxeblobis uflebebs Soris;
• saqarTvelos parlamentSi daculi iqneba umciresobebis uflebebi da maT eqnebaT sakanon-
mdeblo procesze gavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba;
• daculi iqneba patimrebis uflebebi da penitencialuri sistema aRar iqneba asocirebuli
wamebasTan, patimarTa Zaladobriv sikvdilTan, moralur damcirebasTan, fizikur Seuracxyo-
fasTan;
• bolo moeReba patimarTa da probacionerTa ojaxebiT manipulirebas saarCevno procesSi;
umciresobebis uflebebi
“axal memarjveneebs” qveynis stabiluri da demokratiuli ganviTarebis garantad migvaCnia
umciresobaTa, maT Soris, eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebis uflebebis dacva da samoqa-
laqo sazogadoebis ganviTareba, mravaleTnikuri da mravalkonfesiuri saqarTvelos mosaxleo-
bis Tanabari CarTuloba qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur cxovrebaSi, pirobebis Seqmna am
jgufebis identobisa da kulturis SenarCuneba-ganviTarebisTvis.
13
CvenTvis miuRebelia, roca eTnikuri umciresobebis monawileoba saxelmwifos marTvasa da
politikur saqmianobaSi xelisuflebisTvis aris mxolod valdebuleba da xorcieldeba e.w.
kvotirebis sistemiT, maSin, rodesac mTeli rigi sagangebo RonisZiebebis gatarebaa saWiro im-
isTvis, rom es iqces bunebriv da ara xelovnurad marTul procesad.
ar aris sakmarisi is RonisZiebebi, romlebic tardeba erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo
enis Sesaswavlad, rac warmoSobs problemebs ganaTlebis, informaciis miRebis sferoSi, marTlm-
sajulebis sistemis xelmisawvdomobaSi da zogadad saxelmwifoSi mimdinare procesebSi srulfa-
sovan monawileobaSi;
Cveni mizania erovnuli umciresobebi saqarTveloSi vaqcioT sazogadoebis sruluflebian
wevrebad, romelTac Tanabari SesaZleblobebi eqnebaT qveynis sazogadoebriv da politikur
cxovrebaSi monawileobis misaRebad.
partiis prioritetebi am mimarTulebiT iqneba :
• radikaluri da qmediTi RonisZiebebis gatareba yvela moqalaqisaTvis pirobebis Sesaqmnelad
saxelmwifo enis Rrmad da safuZvlianad Sesaswavlad;
• erovnuli umciresobebisTvis saxelmwifo enis Rrma da sauZvliani codna gavxadoT maTTvis
informaciis miRebis, saxelmwifos marTvaSi monawileobis, samoqalaqo cxovrebaSi aqtiuri
CarTulobis SesaZleblobis uzrunvelyofis sasualeba;
• erovnuli umciresobebisaTvis ganaTlebis yvela safexuris xelmisawvdomobisa da zogadi
ganaTlebis sferoSi specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis uzrunvelyofa;
• aucilebeli pirobebis Seqmna erocnuli umciresobebis kulturis, maTi TviTmyofadobis,
religiis, enis, tradiciebis SenarCunebisa da ganviTarebisTvis;
• erovnuli umciresobebisaTvis umaRlesi ganaTlebisa da marTlmsajulebis sistemis xelmis-
awvdomobis gaumjobeseba;
• saqarTvelos kulturul cxovrebaSi erovnuli umciresobebis monawileobis xelSewyoba,
erovnuli umciresobebis kulturis, istoriis, enisa da religiis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis cod-
nis gaRrmaveba da qveynis kulturul Rirebulebebad maTi warmoCena;
• erovnuli umciresobebiT dasaxlebul regionebSi infrastruqturis Semdgomi ganviTareba;
• erovnuli umciresobebis warmomadgenelTa profesiuli gadamzadeba da maTi dasaqmebis
xelSewyoba;
genderuli Tanasworoba
“axal memarjveneebs” genderuli Tanasworoba migvaCnia adamianis uflebaTa umniSvnelovanes
Semadgenel nawilad, romelic gulisxmobs qalisa da mamakacis Tanaswor ufleba-movaleobebs,
pasuxismgeblobas da Tanasworuflebian monawileobas piradi da sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela
sferoSi;
saqarTvelo msoflio genderuli indeqsis mixedviT 134 qveynidan 84-e adgilzea;
SezRudulia qalTa monawileoba sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi da gadawyvetilebis miRebis proces-
Si: nominaluria qalTa warmomadgenloba saqarTvelos parlamentsa da mTavrobaSi, adgilobriv
TviTmmarTvelobaSi;
14
miuxedavad imisa, rom umaRlesi saswavleblebis studentebis 55%-s qalebi Seadgenen, qalebi
muSaoben ufro dabalanazRaurebad poziciebze da naklebad Semosavlian ekonomikur seqtorebSi,
Sesabamisad, maTi saSualo nominaluri xelfasi mamakacebis xelfasze naklebia.
prioritetebi genderuli Tanasworobis dacvis kuTxiT:
• partia mxars uWers genderul Tanasworobas, qalisa da mamakacis Tanabari uflebebis
dacvas, qalebisTvis xelis Sewyobas aqtiurad iyvnen CarTuli sazogadoebriv- politikur
saqmianobaSi;
• Cven vapirebT realuri Tanasworoba da Tanabari SesaZleblobebi qalisa da mamakacisTvis
politikaSi, biznesSi, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi vaqcioT saqarTvelos demokratiuli da
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis seriozul resursad;
• am mizniT partiis mTavarma komitetma miiRo gadawyvetileba partiul siebSi nebismieri
donis arCevnebSi yovel aTeulSi warmodgenili iyos 3 qali. anu, es imas niSnavs, rom par-
tiul siebSi yoveli mesame qali iqneba;
• momaval parlamentSi partia aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs genderuli Tanasworobis
sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofaSi;
• Cveni mizani iqneba genderuli Tanasworobis SromiTi aspeqtis mogvareba,
• siRaribis feminizacias davupirispirebT mcire biznesis xelSewyobis programas, romelic
miscems SesaZleblobas qalebs daiwyon ekonomikuri saqmianoba da hqondeT Semosavali;
15
Tavi II. administraciul-teritoriuli mowyoba da decentralizacia
1. arsebuli viTareba
miuxedavad qveyanaSi araerTgzis ganxorcielebuli reformebisa dRes saqarTvelos adminis-
traciul-teritoriuli mowyoba ar Seesabameba evropuli qartiis moTxovnebs.
komunisturi mmarTvelobis dasrulebis Semdeg, qveynis umaRlesi sakanonmdeblo organos - uzen-
aesi sabWos arCevidan ramdenime TveSi, dRis wesrigSi adgilobrivi xelisuflebis formirebis
sakiTxi dadga. 1991 wlis 29 ianvars miRebul iqna kanoni “gardamaval periodSi adgilobrivi
mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb” da ‘saqarTvelos respublikis xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis
arCevnebis Sesaxeb”, romelTa safuZvelzec, amave wlis 31 marts Catarda adgilobrivi mmarTv-
elobis warmomadgenlobiTi arCevnebi soflis, dabis da qalaqebis doneze. Tumca adgilobrivi
organoebis formirebiT, qveyanaSi xelisuflebis decentralizacia ar ganxorcielebula. kanonis
Tanaxmad, adgilobrivi mmarTveloba iyo saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis Semadgenili nawili, rom-
lis mizanic iyo administraciul-teritoriul erTeulebSi gardamavali periodis amocanebis
gadawyveta.
samoqalaqo omis Semdgom, 1993 wlis 2 agvistos saxelmwifo meTauris #93 brZanebulebiT damt-
kicda “droebiTi debuleba saqarTvelos respublikis raionis (qalaqis) saxelmwifo xelisu-
flebisa da mmarTvelobis adgilobrivi organoebis Sesaxeb”. sakrebuloebi, formalurad, 1995
wlis Semodgomamde SenarCunda mxolod did qalaqebSi da Zalaufleba gamgeblebis xelSi iyo
koncentrirebuli, romelsac saxelmwifo meTauri niSnavda. 1991-97 wlebSi saqarTveloSi ar
arsebobda TviTmmarTveloba da adgilobrivi organoebisTvis raime saxis qonebis sakuTrebaSi
gadacemis mcdeloba ar yofila.
TviTmmarTvelobis formalurad formirebis TariRad iTvleba 1997 wlis 16 oqtomberi, rodesac
parlamentma miiRo kanoni “adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobisa da mmarTvelobis Sesaxeb”, xolo
Semdgom, amis safuZvelze, 1998 wlis 15 noembers arCeul iqna adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisa da
TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi (972 TviTmmarTveli erTeuli, 65 mmarTveli erTeuli). kanoniT
TviTmmarTvel erTeulad ganisazRvra sofeli, Temi, daba da qalaqi; xolo mmarTvelobis or-
ganod -raioni da is qalaqi romelic ar Sedioda raionis SemadgenlobaSi. 2001 wlis agvistoSi
mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi Sevida TviTmmarTvelobis kanonSi da ganisazRvra eqskluziuri da
delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis nusxa.
2004 wels saqarTvelos mier adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb evropuli qartiis rati-
ficirebam, aseve 2005-2006 wlebSi adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb axali kanonis miRebam,
romelsac mohyva calke kanonebis miReba TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis da biujetis Sesaxeb,
sazogadoebaSi gaaCina imedi saxelmwifo teritoriuli mowyobis reformis kuTxiT. axali kanonis
Tanaxmad TviTmmarTveloba gauqmda soflis, dabis da qalaqis doneze da Camoyalibda mmarT-
velobis doneze - sabWoTa periodSi arsebul 65 raionis administraciul-teritoriul farg-
lebSi. TviTmmarTvelobis gamsxvilebis reformis avtorTa mtkicebiT am nabijiT TandaTan unda
momxdariyo TviTmmarTveli erTulebis finansuri da ekonomikuri gaZliereba, ris Sedegadac
qveyanaSi mniSvnelovnad gaumjobesdeboda biznesgaremo da socialuri foni.
Tumca, TviTmmarTvelobis sferoSi 2007-2010 wlebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom TviTmmarT-
velobis finansuri da ekonomikuri damoukidebloba araTu gaizarda reformis ganxorcielebis
Sedegad, aramed Semcirda kidec. miuxedavad sakanonmdeblo bazis formirebisa, TviTmmarTveloba
ver asrulebs kanoniT miniWebul uflebamosilebebs. igi warmoadgens fiqtiur rgols, erTgvar
butaforias qveynis sajaro mmarTvelobis sistemaSi, romelsac arc politikuri, arc administraci-
uli da arc fiskaluri damoukidebloba ar gaaCnia. TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis praqtikulad
ar momxdara sakuTrebaSi qonebis gadacemac.
16
realurad mxare saqarTveloSi warmoadgens administraciul da ara TviTmmarTvelobis war-
monaqmns. igi faqtiurad arealia gubernatoris samoqmedod. mxaris rwmunebuli aris ara
mxaris mcxovrebTa mier arCeuli TviTmmarTveli erTeulis xelmZRvaneli, aramed prezidentis
warmomaTgeneli regionSi. administraciul-teritoriuli dayofis es modeli, marTalia, Seesa-
bameba saqarTvelos teritoriuli dayofis istoriul princips, magram ar Seicavs TviTmmarTv-
elobis niSnebs.
amdenad, saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobis sxvadasxva done ar arsebobs, TviTmmarTveloba praq-
tikulad erTdoniania da gayinulia adre arsebuli raionis, anu dRevandeli municipalitetis
doneze. municipalitetis, rogorc TviTmmarTveli erTeulis arc zemoT, da arc qvemoT ar arse-
bobs TviTmmarTvelobis sxva done da arc diferenciacia doneebs Soris.
sami ZiriTadi komponentidan, romelic TviTmmarTvelobis arsebobas gansazRvravs - eqskluzi-
uri kompetencia, fuli da qoneba, dRes saqarTveloSi TviTmmarTvelobebs srulyofilad arc
erTi ar gaaCniaT. biujeti ukiduresad centralizebulia. adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebisT-
vis datovebuli saTamaSo biznesis da qonebis gadasaxadi imdenad mizerulia, rom realurad ver
qmnis municipalitetis biujets da igi mTlianad centridan miRebul transferebzea damokide-
buli.
rac Seexeba aWaris avtonomiur respublikas, aqac TviTmmarTvelobis formalur niSnebTan gvaqvs
saqme, radgan realurad aWaris avtonomias avtonomiuri warmonaqmnisTvis arsebuli ZiriTadi
funqciebi ar gaaCnia.
TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebi da kompetenciebi
TviTmmarTveloba Camoyalibebulia 65 administraciul-teritoriul erTeulSi, romelTaganac
5 aris TviTmmarTveli qalaqi. dedaqalaq Tbiliss gaaCnia specialuri kanoni “dedaqalaqis Ses-
axeb”.
adgilobrvi TviTmmarTvelobis uflabamosilebani ganisazRvreba organuli kanoniT, romelic
adgens sakuTar da delegirebul uflebamosilebebs.
ZiriTad sakuTar uflebamosilebebs warmoadgens: adgilobrivi sabiujeto procesi (biujetis
momzadeba, damtkiceba, aRsruleba angariSgeba), adgilobrivi gadasaxadebis da mosakreblebis
SemoReba da gauqmeba kanoniT dadgenil zRvrul farglebSi, sainvesticio da dasaqmebis pro-
gramebis damtkiceba/xelSewyoba, sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis (maT Soris miwis) marTva da
gankargva, mSeneblobis nebarTvis gacema, gare vaWrobis bazrebisa da bazrobebis regulireba,
parkireba da gare reklama, dasufTaveba, gare ganaTeba, nagavsayrelebis mowyoba, keTilmowyoba
da gamwvaneba, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebis movla da Senaxva, sivrciT – teritoriuli
dagegmva, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis biblioTekebis, muzeumebis, Teatrebis, gamofenebis, spor-
tul-gamajansaRebeli obieqtebis saqmianobis organizeba, skolamdeli da skolisgareSe saaR-
mzdelo dawesebulebebis Seqmna, saxanZro usafrTxoeba, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis
sferoSi municipaluri resursebis mobilizeba, Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da ganxor-
cieleba, adgilobrivi sagzao moZraobis dagegmareba, quCebis saxeldeba.
garda sakuTari uflebamosilebebisa, saxelmwifo xelisufleba axdens sakuTari kompeten-
ciebis delegirebas municipalitetebze. saxelmwifos mier municipalitetebisaTvis delegire-
buli uflebamosilebebis gansaxorcieleblad saxelmwifo biujetidan yovelwliurad gamoiyofa
transferebi. saxelmwifo biujetiTve ganisazRvreba delegirebul uflebamosilebaTa nusxa.
rogorc CamonaTvalidanac Cans formalurad TviTmmarTvelobebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis
17
TiTqmis yvela sferoSi mniSvnelovani kompetencia gaaCnia, garda ganaTlebis da socialuri
sferoebisa, sadac municipalitetebis uflebamosilebebi mokrZalebulia.
TviTmmarTvelobis Semosavlebis 60%-ze meti formirdeba saxelmwifo biujetis transferebidan.
amasTan am transferebis gaangariSebis wesi xSir SemTxvevaSi bundovania an saerTod ar aris for-
malizebuli.
realurad dRes TviTmmarTvelobebi axorcieleben TavianTi kompetenciis mxolod nawils, mizer-
ulia maTi monawileoba delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis gansaxorcieleblad yovelwliurad
gamosayofi transferebis formirebaSi.
TviTmmarTvelobaSi Semavali dasaxlebebi, maTi statusi
kanonis Tanaxmad TviTmmarTvelobis safuZveli aris dasaxlebebis erToblioba. dasaxleba
aris mosaxleobis gansaxlebis pirveladi administraciuli erTeuli, romelsac hyavs mudmivi
mcxovreblebi, aqvs funqcionaluri infrastruqtura.
municipalitetis gamgebeli TviTmmarTvelobis teritoriul erTeulebSi (teritoriuli er-
Teuli SeiZleba moicavdes erT, ramdenime dasaxlebas an dasaxlebis nawils) niSnavs rwmunebuls,
romelic uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis kavSirs TviTmmarTvelobis Tanamdebobis pirebTan. rw-
munebulis kompetenciaSi Sedis sxvadasxva saxis (maT Soris statistikuri) informaciis mogrove-
ba, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis cnobebis gacema, aseve, adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis qonebis movla,
socialur-kulturul da sxva adgilobrivi saxis RonisZiebebis Catareba/xelSewyoba. adgilobri-
vi infrastruqturuli da sainJinro da sainvesticio proeqtebis SedgenaSi monawileoba da a.S.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TviTmmarTvelobaSi arsebul dasaxlebebs ar gaaCniaT iuridiuli statusi. Sesabam-
isad, ar gaaCniaT sakuTrebaSi/mflobelobaSi arsebuli qoneba, miwa an bunebrivi resursebi.
umetes municipalitetebSi daudgenelia dasaxlebebis zusti administraciuli sazRvrebi.
dasaxlebebi, sididis miuxedavad moklebulni arian SesaZleblobas Tavad airCion warmomadgene-
li (teritoriuli organos xelmZRvaneli). kanonmdeblobiT ar aris dadgenili TviTmmarTveli
erTeulis biujetis dasaxlebebs Soris ganawilebis sakiTxi.saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinanse-
buli soflis daxmarebis programis monitoringis Sedegebi cxadyobs rom mosaxleobis CarTu-
loba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis sakiTxebis gadawyvetaSi dabalia. gamokiTxulTa 74%-s soflis
daxmarebis programaze informacia aqvs, magram zogadi. gamokiTxulTa (an gamokiTxulTa ojaxis
wevrebis) mxolod 29% iyo CarTuli prioritetebis gansazRvraSi. gamokiTxulTa 34% Tvlis, rom
Tanxebi miznobrivad ar daxarjula da samuSao bolomde ar Sesrulda, xolo 44%-s ar aqvs ara-
nairi informacia. yovelive es miuTiTebs imaze, rom dasaxlebebis doneze, erTis mxriv, naklebia
mosaxleobis CarTuloba, meores mxriv, statusis ar qonis gamo rTulia centralur an raionul
doneze miRebuli gadawyvetilebebis oponireba.
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis finansuri damoukidebloba
TviTmmarTvelobebis Semosulobebis ZiriTadi wyaro, saqarTvelos sabiujeto kodeqsis Sesa-
bamisad aris qonebis gadasaxadi da sxva mimdinare da kapitaluri Semosavlebi (adgilobrivi
qonebis ijaridan, aseve licenziebidan da nebarTvebidan). garda sakuTari Semosavlebisa, munici-
palitetebs saxelmwifo biujetidan miecemaT gamoTanabrebiTi, miznobrivi (delegirebuli ufle-
bamosilebebisaTvis) da specialuri transferi.
sajaro finansebis udidesi nawili (mTeli Semosavlebis 90-95%) saxelmwifo biujetSi rCeba Tav-
moyrili. 2006 wels ganxorcielebuli TviTmmarTvelobis reformis Semdgom am mimarTulebiT
araferi Secvlila, xolo zog SemTxvevaSi, gauaresda.
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TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi fiskaluri decentralizaciis xarisxi ufro maRalia, vidre munici-
palitetebSi. es gamowveulia Semosulobebis ukeTesi baziT da xarjebis da arafinansuri aq-
tivebis zrdis SedarebiT maRali parametrebiT.
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis damokidebuleba centridan miRebul transferebze Zalian maRalia.
municipalitetebis biujetebidan daxarjuli Tanxebis umetesi nawili saxelmwifo biujetidan
grantis saxiT aris gacemuli, rac zRudavs xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebis fiskalur
damoukideblobas. am mxriv TviTmmarTvel qalaqebsa da municipalitetebs Soris didi sxvaoba ar
fiqsirdeba, radgan grantebze damokidebulebis xarisxi orive tipis TviTmmarTvel erTeulebSi
maRalia.
qveyanaSi mobilizebuli gadasaxadebis mxolod umniSvnelo nawili iricxeba TviTmmarTveli
erTeulebis biujetebSi, rac amcirebs maT dainteresebas xeli Seuwyon sakuTar teritoriaze
ekonomikur aqtivobas.TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs faqtiurad ar gaaCniaT diskrecia adgilobriv
gadasaxadebTan da mosakreblebTan mimarTebaSi, rac gamoricxavs maTi mxridan sakuTari Semosu-
lobebis prognozirebas da safinanso-sabiujeto politikis dagegmvis SesaZleblobas.
qonebis gadasaxadi, romelic erTaderTi adgilobrivi gadasaxadia, dawesebuli SeRavaTebis gamo
didi fiskaluri efeqtis momtani ar aris. amasTan Rirebuli qonebis didi nawili TviTmmarTvel qa-
laqebSia Tavmoyrili.
adgilobrivi sabiujeto procesis mTavar warmmarTvel Zalad finansTa saministro gvevlineba.
gatarebuli satransfero politikis miznebi gacxadebuli da saTanadod dasabuTebuli ar aris.
transferebiT saxsrebis ganawileba xSirad eyrdnoba subieqtur gadawyvetilebebs, rac xels
uSlis resursebis efeqtian ganawilebas. arsebuli satransfero politika ignorirebas ukeTebs
TviTmarTveli erTeulebis waxalisebas maT mier mobilizebuli Semosavlebis gazrdaze, rac
grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi centralur xelisuflebaze damokidebulebis xarisxs kidev ufro
gazrdis.
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis gaTanabreba ar aris damyarebuli maT kompetenciebSi Semavali
sazogadoebrivi servisebis minimalur standartebze da Sesabamis finansur normebze. gaTanabre-
biTi transferis formulaSi problemuria gamWvirvalobis, formulaSi gamoyenebuli komponen-
tebis adeqvaturobisa da maTi xvedriTi wonebis sakiTxebi.
sesxis aRebis procedura xelisuflebis adgilobrivi organoebisaTvis xisti da mouqneli rCeba,
rac faqtiurad gamoricxavs TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis kapitaluri investiciebis miRebis
mizniT kapitalis erovnuli bazris realur xelmisawvdomobas.
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis qoneba
TviTmmarTveli erTeulebisaTvis saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis gadacemis pro-
cesi ar aRmoCnda saTanadod gaazrebuli, dagegmili da warmarTuli. es exeba normatiuli bazis
momzadebas, sxvadasxva saxelmwifo uwyebis koordinirebul muSaobas da procesis finansur uz-
runvelyofas.
miuxedavad imisa, rom kanoni naTlad ayalibebs dasaxlebas (sofeli, Temi, daba, qalaqi) rogorc
TviTmmarTvelobis formirebis safuZvels, am erTeulebs aranairi statusi, damoukidebeli fi-
nansuri resursi an qoneba ar gaaCnia.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Sesaxeb organuli kanonis Tanaxmad municipalitetebis qonebas
ganekuTvneba qoneba, romelic a) saxelmwifos mier gadacemulia mis sakuTrebaSi an b) Tavad mis
mier Seqmnili an SeZenilia kanoniT dadgenili wesiT.
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„adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb“ kanoni gansazRvravs ori saxis qonebas:
ZiriTad (ganusxvisebel) qonebas da damatebiT qonebas.
ZiriTadia TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba, romelic aris TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebis
safuZveli da romelic TviTmmarTvelobis organom SeiZleba gamoiyenos mxolod Tavisi sajaro
funqciebisa da uflebamosilebis ganxorcielebis mizniT. dauSvebelia ZiriTadi qonebis gasx-
viseba an qonebis gamoyeneba kreditorTa moTxovnis uzrunvelsayofad.
damatebiTia TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba, romelic ar aris ZiriTadi qonebis nawili da
TviTmmarTvelobis organom SeiZleba gamoiyenos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili wesiT. damatebiTi
qonebis gasxviseba SesaZlebelia.
saxelmwifo qonebis gadacema xdeba pirdapiri wesiT, kanonis safuZvelze an TviTmmarTveli er-
Teulis moTxovnis safuZvelze. TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs sakuTrebaSi kanoniT gadacemuli aqvT
Semdegi qoneba:
• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis teritoriaze arsebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa
(adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebi, quCebi, xeivnebi, skverebi da a.S), garda kerZo sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli miwebisa, saxelmwifo qonebaze an saxelmwifos wilobrivi monawileobiT arsebul
qonebaze damagrebuli miwebisa;
• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis sakuTrebaSi arsebul obieqtebze mimagrebuli miwa;
• TviTmmarTveli erTeulis teritoriaze arsebuli sasoflo-sameurneo miwa, garda saxelm-
wifo, kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwis, tyis da wylis fondis miwisa, pirutyvis gadasareki
trasebisa;
• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tye;
• adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wylis resursebi.
meore kanoni, romliTac moxda TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis sakuTrebis gadacema aris kanoni “adgi-
lobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb”. am kanonis mixedviT maT
sakuTrebaSi gadaecaT adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis
• gzebi, xidebi, gvirabebi da quCebi;
• miwisqveSa gadasasvlelebi da trotuarebi;
• SuqniSnebi, gare ganaTebis konstruqciebi;
• moednebi, skverebi, bulvarebi;
• Sadrevnebi, parkebi, mwvane nargavebi;
• napirsamagri nagebobebi.
marTalia, CamoTvlili qoneba TviTmmarTveli erTeulebis sakuTrebaa, magram qonebis sajaro
reestrSi registracia unda ganxorcieldes „sxvadasxva kategoriis qonebis gansazRvris wesis
Taobaze“ saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenilebebis mixedviT. rogorc wesi, sakuTrebis uflebis
registracia xorcieldeba uflebis damadasturebeli dokumentis, sakadastro monacemebis da
ekonomikis da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros Tanxmobis safuZvelze. Tavis mxriv, ekonomikis
saministros erTi Tvis vada aqvs (2010 wels vada Semcirda 14 dRemde) micemuli dasabuTebuli
gadawyvetilebis (Tanxmobis) misaRebad.
TviTmmarTvelobis problematikaze arsebuli kvlevebis analizi da sajaro reestris monacemebi
cxadyofs, rom municipalitetebs ZiriTadad aqvT daregistrirebuli arasasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwa da qoneba. rac Seexeba sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwas, adgilobrivi
mniSvnelobis tyis da wylis resursebs, isini TviTmmarTvelobebs praqtikulad ar gadascemia
sxadasxva mizezis gamo. am mizezebs Soris aris xarvezebi sakanonmdeblo regulaciebSi, qonebis
20
Sesaxeb monacemebis nakleboba, inventarizaciis Cautarebloba, rac centraluri xelisuflebis
prerogativaa.
2010 wlis 8 agvistomde saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli ijariT gaucemeli saZovrebi ganekuT-
vneboda sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis erTaderT kategorias, rac adgilobrivi xelisu-
flebis sakuTrebad iTvleboda. Tumca TviTmmarTvelobis kanonSi Setanili cvlilebiT, munici-
palitetebi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis gareSe darCnen.
administraciul-teritoriuli mowyobis da decentralizaciis TvalsazrisiT Cveni ZiriTadi pri-
oritetebia:
1. administraciul- teritoriuli mowyobis TvalsazrisiT
• ordoniani mmarTveloba
unda Seiqmnas ordoniani TviTmmarTveloba:
pirveli done - istoriuli mxare, meore done - municipaliteti (yofili raioni). vinaidan
TviTmmarTvelobis mTavari ganmsazRvreli unda iyos TviTkmaroba, ufro qveda doneze vidre
municipalitetia, TviTmmarTvelobis Catana ararealurad gvesaxeba;
iseTi tradiciuli warmonaqmnebi, rogoricaa Temi da sofeli TviTkmarobis TvalsazrisiT ara-
sakmarisia realuri TviTmmarTvelobis ganxorcielebisTvis, amitom Cven maT ganvixilavT ro-
gorc tradiciul, TviTmyofad da ara rogorc TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs. maTi sakanonmdeblo
doneze arsebobisTvis unda Seiqmnas safuZveli, ganesazRvroT qoneba, kompetencia, adgilobriv
biujetze xelmisawvdomoba da iseTi tradiciuli instituti, rogoric aris warmomadgeneli
piris arCeviToba.
TviTmmarTvel erTeulebs - mxares da municipalitets, mkacrad unda ganesazRvroT sakuTari
eqskluziuri da saxelmwifos mier gadacemuli delegirebuli da aseve, ziari kompetenciebi.
2. TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT
• sagadasaxado bazis gafarToeba
TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania saSemosavlo da mogebis ga-
dasaxadebi, romlebic pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli konkretul teritoriaze biznessaqmianobas-
Tan. maTi gadasaxadebi nawilobriv unda miemarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. es nabiji gazrdis
municipalitetebis finansur avtonomiurobas, aseve met stimuls gaaCens adgilobriv xelmZR-
vanelobaSi xeli Seuwyon biznesis ganviTarebas da investiciebis mozidvas. mizanSewonilia, rom
saSemosavlo gadasaxadis 80% da mogebis gadasaxadis 50% miimarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. is
municipalitetebi, romlebic biznesis kuTxiT naklebmimzidvelia da mwiri sagadasaxado baza
gaaCniaT, cxadia ver miiReben fiskalur efeqts. amitom maTi Semosavlebis Sevseba unda mox-
des gamoTanabrebiTi transferis meSveobiT. magaliTad, mas Semdeg, rac gaimijneba sakuTreba,
sofels unda hqondes ufleba qoneba gasces ijariT da ijariT gacemuli qonebis safasuri mieces
sofels;
• gamoTanabrebiTi transferis gadaxedva
mizanSewonilia gadaixedos gamoTanabrebiTi transferis gaangariSebis wesi. upirveles yovlisa,
aucilebelia ganisazRvros mizani, Tu ris gamoTanabrebas axorcielebs saxelmwifo – Semosav-
21
lebis, xarjebis, servisebis minimaluri zRvaris. aseve aucilebelia gamoTanabrebiTi transferis
gaangariSebaSi CarTul iqnan is servisebi, romelTa miwodebac warmoadgens TviTmmarTvelobebis
eqskluziur uflebamosilebas. mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs sayofacxovrebo narCenebis utilizaciis,
janmrTelobis adgilobrivi da socialur-kulturuli RonisZiebebi da sxva servisebi. amasTan,
transferis gaangariSebisas amosavali principi unda iyos ara wina wlebis biujetebis Semosav-
lebi an xarjebi, aramed TandaTan unda gadaidgas nabijebi misawodebeli servisebis minimaluri
standartebis gansazRvrisaken. aucilebelia Sesabamisi statistikuri informaciis mopovebisa da
gamoyenebis sakiTxis daregulirebac. saxelmwifos xelT dRes arsebuli statistikuri informa-
cia mwiria an zog SemTxvevaSi ar asaxavs arsebul mdgomareobas (magaliTad, mosaxleobis statis-
tika). mcdari informacia Tavis mxriv xels uwyobs finansuri resursebis araTanabar ganawilebas.
• delegirebuli uflebamosilebebis dafinansebis wesis gansazRvra
aucilebelia Camoyalibdes saxelmwifos mier TviTmmarTvelobebisaTvis delegirebuli ufle-
bamosilebebis dafinansebis wesi. saxelmwifom unda daadginos TiToeuli servisis Rirebuleba da
servisebiT mosargeble pirTa raodenoba municipalitetebis mixedviT. es saSualebas miscems ser-
visebis mimRebebs moiTxovon da miiRon xarisxiani momsaxureba, rac ufro prognozirebads gaxdis
municipalitetebis biujetebs, aseve maT sabiujeto cikls.
ar unda xdebodes municipalitetebis iZuleba sakuTari saxsrebidan daafinanson delegirebuli
uflebamosilebani. aseTi tipis Canawerebi xSirad gvxvdeba saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb kanonSi.
umjobesia Warbi saxsrebi, Tuki aseTi arsebobs, TviTmmarTvelobebma moaxmaron adgilobrivi
saWiroebebis dafinansebisTvis.
• specialuri transferis gaangariSeba
Camosayalibebelia specialuri transferebis gansazRvris wesi. vinaidan saxsrebi ZiriTadad
miemarTeba infrastruqturuli obieqtebis reabilitaciisTvis, romelic saxelmwifo xelisu-
flebis prioritets warmoadgens, mniSvnelovania dadgindes kriteriumebi, Tu ris mixedviT mox-
deba ama Tu im proeqtis dafinanseba, rogor da vis mier moxdeba proeqtis xarjTaRricxvis da
finansuri gaangariSebebis SemuSaveba, misi ganxilva, mowoneba da damtkiceba.
• saxelmwifo biujetSi arsebuli regionuli ganviTarebis fondis gankargvis wesi
aucilebelia Camoyalibdes saxelmwifo biujetSi arsebuli regionuli ganviTarebis fondis
gankargvis wesi. igi pirdapir unda daukavSirdes regionuli da municipaluri social-ekonomi-
kuri ganviTarebis gegmebiT gaTvaliswinebuli programebis da proeqtebis dafinansebis sakiTxs.
kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom saxelmwifo investiciebi regionebSi ver axdens gavlenas siRaribis Semci-
rebaze. mniSvnelovania rom regionuli ganviTarebis fondi swored adgilobrivi dasaqmebis da
ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobisTvis iqnas gamoyenebuli.
3. TviTmmarTvelobebisTvis qonebis gadacemis TvalsazrisiT
• qonebis inventarizacia
dauyovnebliv unda moxdes qonebis decentralizacia da gaimijnos saxelmwifo da municipaluri
sakuTreba; yvela sofels ganesazRvros Tavisi teritoria, maT Soris saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli miwa, tye, mdinare, saZovrebi, wyali.
qonebis gadacemis procesis dasaCqareblad, upirveles yovlisa, unda ganxorcieldes misi in-
ventarizacia. es pirvel rigSi exeba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis tyeebs (yofili sakolmeurneo
22
tyeebi) da wylis resursebs. inventarizaciis saxsrebi unda gamoiyos saxelmwifo biujetidan da
mieceT TviTmmarTvelobebs inventarizaciis xarjebis dasafarad an es procedura unda ganxor-
cieldes uSualod ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros mier.
qonebis inventarizaciisaTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos 1.3 milioni lari, 20 aTasi
lari TiTo municipalitetze.
• sakanonmdeblo bazis srulyofa
garda inventarizaciis procesisa, saTanado cvlilebebi unda Sevides kanonmdeblobaSi („tyis
kodeqsi“, romelic mesakuTreTa CamonaTvalSi adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas ar moixseniebs;
„sajaro reestris Sesaxeb“ kanoni, sadac tye, rogorc uZrav nivTebze uflebaTa reestrSi regis-
tracias daqvemdebarebuli nivTi naxsenebi ar aris). aucileblad misaRebia mTavrobis dadgenile-
ba adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis wylis resursis gansazRvris wesis Sesaxeb, rac xels uSlis qonebis
identifikacias da Sesabamisad sakuTrebis uflebis registracias.
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qonebis Sesaxeb kanonidan amosaRebia muxli, romelic
saqarTvelos prezidents aniWebs uflebamosilebas gaasxvisos TviTmmarTveli erTeulis qoneba
pirdapiri miyidvis wesiT imis miuxedavad, aris Tu ara konkretuli nivTi sakrebulos mier damt-
kicebul qonebis privatizebis nusxaSi (me-191 muxlis me-9 punqti).
4. TviTmmarTvelobis safuZvlis gaZlierebis TvalsazrisiT
• dasaxlebis statusi da funqciebi
miRebul unda iqnas specialuri kanoni soflis Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs mis statuss da
funqciebs, iseve rogorc qonebriv da finansur sakiTxebs.
pirvel rigSi unda ganisazRvros soflis, rogorc municipalitetSi Semavali administraciuli
erTeulis statusi da mniSvneloba. mizanSewonilia am kuTxiT gamoyenebul iqnas is gamocdileba
rac arsebobs TviTmmarTvel qalaqebSi da daregulirebulia specialuri kanoniT 2007 wlidan
„binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagobebis Sesaxeb“. kanonis Tanaxmad binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagoba ar
aris iuridiuli piri, Tumca aqvs gancalkevebuli qoneba. mas SeuZlia Tavisi saxeliT SeiZinos
qonebrivi da araqonebrivi uflebebi da valdebulebebi. amxanagobis mizania saerTo sakuTrebis
movla-patronoba, eqspluatacia da ganviTareba.
analogiuri statusi da uflebamosileba unda mieniWos sofels. binaTmesakuTreTa amxanagobis
msgavsad soflis interesic naTelia: saerTo qonebis movla-patronoba da ganviTareba.
• sazRvrebi, qoneba da finansebi
statusis da funqciebis gansazRvrasTan erTad unda dadgindes dasaxlebebis administraciuli
sazRvrebi. administraciul sazRvrebis dadgena unda ganxorcieldes soflis/Temis/dabis isto-
riis da adgilobrivi mosaxleobis mexsierebis mixedviT.
soflis/Temis/ dabis qonebis movla-patronoba soflis, dabis macxovrebelTa saerTo intere-
23
sia. municipalitetis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qoneba (miwa, tye, mdinare) mflobelobaSi da sarge-
blobaSi unda gadaeceT dasaxlebebs. mniSvnelovania, rom kanonmdeblobaSi Sevides cvlilebebi,
rac municipalitets daavaldebulebs qonebis gankargvas mxolod soflis/Temis/dabis macxovre-
blebTan SeTanxmebiT.
rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, TviTmmarTvelobebs unda gaaCndeT sakuTari fuli.
TviTmmarTvelobis finansuri gaZlierebisaTvis mniSvnelovania saSemosavlo da mogebis ga-
dasaxadebi, romlebic pirdapir aris dakavSirebuli konkretul teritoriaze biznes saqmianobas-
Tan, nawilobriv miemarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. es nabiji gazrdis municipalitetebis fi-
nansur avtonomiurobas, aseve met stimuls gaaCens adgilobriv xelmZRvanelobaSi xeli Seuwyon
biznesis ganviTarebas da investiciebis mozidvas. mizanSewonilia rom saSemosavlo gadasaxadis
80% miimarTos adgilobriv biujetebSi. is municipalitetebi, romlebic biznesis kuTxiT nak-
lebmimzidvelia da mwiri sagadasaxado baza gaaCniaT cxadia ver miiReben fiskalur efeqts. ami-
tom maTi Semosavlebis Sevseba unda moxdes gamoTanabrebiTi transferis meSveobiT.
soflis/Temis/dabis qonebis movla-Senaxva ganviTarebisaTvis yvela dasaxlebas unda gamoeyos
saTanado finansebi. am kuTxiT unda iqnes gamoyenebuli soflis daxmarebis programis saxsrebi,
romelic saxelmwifo biujetiTaa gaTvaliswinebuli. amasTan saxsrebis prioritetebis mixedviT
gankargva mTlianad dasaxlebis kompetencias unda warmoadgendes.
garda soflis daxmarebis programisa, dasaxlebas unda gamoeyos municipaluri biujetidan dam-
atebiT saxsrebi, rwmunebul-mamasaxlisze dakisrebuli funqciebis, aseve dasaxlebis doneze ad-
gilobrivi servisebis miwodebisTvis. dasaxlebis finansuri resursebis marTvisaTvis, TiToeul
dasaxlebas municipalitetis doneze unda gamoeyos qveangariSi, sadac moxdeba maTi kuTvnili
saxsrebis darezerveba. dasaxlebis kuTvnili finansuri resursebis xarjva unda ganaxorcielos
municipalitetma rwmunebulis mimarTvis safuZvelze.
saqarTvelos specifikidn gamomdinare SesaZleblad migvaCnia diferencirebuli midgomebi kom-
petenciebis da finansebis TvalsazrisiT mTisa da baris da sasazRvro da ara sasazRvro raionebs
Soris.
• rwmunebuli-mamasaxlisi
TviTmmarTvelobis orive done uzrunvelyofili unda iyos pirdapiri sayovelTao, faruli
wesiT Catarebuli arCevnebiT.
municipalitetis yvela dasaxlebas unda hyavdes rwmunebuli-mamasaxlisi romelic 1 an 2 wlis
vadiT iqneba arCeuli dasaxlebis mosaxleobis mier. mamasaxliss unda daevalos yvela is funq-
cia romelsac amJamad asrulebs gamgeobis teritoriuli organos warmomadgeneli-rwmunebuli,
romelic gamgeblis mier aris daniSnuli. arCeul mamasaxliss aqvs gacilebiT meti politikuri
pasuxismgebloba da interesi warmoaCinos sakuTari dasaxlebis interesebi municipalitetis do-
neze, vidre es gamgeblis mier daniSnul warmomadgenels SeuZlia.
migracia da qveynis proporciuli ganviTareba (mTis daclis Tavidan acileba)
saqarTveloSi mimdinareobs migraciuli procesebi, romlis gamomwvevi mizezi qveynis arapro-
porciuli ganviTarebaa. Sedegad icleba mTeli rigi dasaxlebuli punqtebi, gansakuTrebiT
sazRvrispira da maRalmTiani zona. qveyanaSi moqmedma e.w. “mTis kanonma” faqtobrivad ver uz-
runvelyo aRmoefxvra disproporcia saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebis socialur-ekonomikur
ganviTarebaSi.
24
“axal memarjveneebs” migvaCnia, rom zogadad arasworia midgoma, rodesac mxolod zRvis doni-
dan garkveuli simaRle aris saxelmwifosTvis ganmsazRvreli gansakuTrebulad Seuwyos xeli
calkeuli dasaxlebebis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebas. es midgoma unda Seicvalos. xeli
unda Seewyos yvela im regions, romelic miuxedavad imisa, rom dRes arsebuli parametrebiT ar
iTvleba maRalmTian zonad, sxvadasxva mizezebis gamo (sazRvris siaxlove, siSore qveyanaSi gama-
val centralur avtomagistralTan an sxva komunikaciebTan ( rkinigza, navsadguri, aeroporti da
sxv. ), Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili mTlian SromiT resursebSi, sasoflo-sameur-
neo daniSnulebis miwebis simcire, istoriuli mniSvleoba da sxva). ganicdis saWiroebas iyos
prioritetulad xelSewyobili.
Cveni mizani unda iyos industriuli centrebisken migraciis pirobebSi aseTi teritoriebis da-
carielebisgan dacva da iq mosaxleobisTvis normaluri cxovrebis pirobebis Seqmna.
migraciis SeCerebisa da qveynis araproporciuli ganviTarebis SeCerebis mizniT:
• unda Seicvalos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis xelSewyobis gansakuTrebuli reJimis
regionebis gansazRvris kriteriumebi;
• aseTi kriteriumebi unda iyos ara mxolod dasaxlebis mdebareoba zRvis donidan romelime
konkretul maRal niSnulze, aramed misi faqtobrivi mdgomareoba da saerTaSorisod aRiare-
buli sxva parametrebi, rogoricaa sazRvris siaxlove, siSore qveyanaSi gamaval centralur
avtomagistralTan an sxva komunikaciebTan ( rkinigza, navsadguri, aeroporti da sxv. ),
Sromisunariani mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili mTlian SromiT resursebSi, sasoflo-sameurneo
daniSnulebis miwebis simcire, istoriuli mniSvneloba da sxv.
• aseTi parametrebiT unda moxdes saqarTvelos sxvadasxva dasaxlebebis Sefaseba da ganisaz-
Rvros gansakuTrebuli saWiroebebis zonebi, ris Semdegac saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoiyos
saxsrebi am zonebis upiratesi socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebisTvis da CamorCenis aR-
mofxvrisTvis;
• sagangebo kanonmdeblobiT da saxelmwifo biujetidan dafinansebis gziT moxdes aseTi
zonebis socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis uzrunvelyofa Tanamedrove moTxovnebisa da
momavali Taobebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT: sameurneo da socialur-kulturuli aqti-
vobis gaZliereba. mosaxleobis stiqiuri migraciis SeCereba. daclili da naxevrad daclili
soflebisa da Temebis aRorZineba. adgilobrivi resursebis ganviTareba, mrewvelobis ganvi-
Tareba, mosaxleobis dasaqmebis donis zrda, ekosistemebis SenarCuneba, gzebis mSenebloba da sxv.
• industriuli centrebisken migraciis pirobebSi aseTi teritoriebis dacarielebisgan dacvis
mizniT evropuli qveynebis msgavsad Seiqmnas specialuri fondebi, romlebic moizidaven
saxsrebs, gascemen SeRavaTian kreditebs, xels Seuwyoben sasoflo-sameurneo, satyeo, ferm-
eruli meurneobebis ganviTarebas.
25
Tavi III. sagareo politika - politika, romelsac endobian msoflioSi
sagareo politikaSi Cveni mizania xeli SevuwyoT qveynis mosaxleobis udidesi nawilis swrafvas
saqarTvelo iqces evroatlantikuri sivrcis nawilad.nato-Si gawevrianeba saqarTvelos us-
afrTxoebis stabiluri garantiaa.
saqarTvelos evropul demokratiad damkvidreba da misi integrireba evroatlantikur struq-
turebSi warmoadgens yvelaze saimedo gzas qveynis mSvidobiani da usafrTxo momavlis uzrunv-
elsayofad. Cven uzrunvelvyofT demokratiuli reformebis kursis gatarebas da ar daviSurebT
Zalisxmevas, raTa saqarTvelo daubrundes evropul ojaxs da gaxdes evroatlantikuri koleqti-
uri usafrTxoebis sistemis sruluflebiani wevri.
Crdiloeli mezoblis mier saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupaciam aSkara gaxada, rom ruseTi
Riad ebrZvis qarTuli saxelmwifosa da misi mSvidobiani, demokratiuli ganviTarebis kurss.
Seqmnil viTarebaSi gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba arsebuli safrTxeebis ganeitralebas,
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxardaWeris maqsimalurad gamoyenebas, qveyanaSi demokratiis gan-
viTarebas, Semdgom stabilur ekonomikuri zrdas da dasavlur institutebSi integracias.
aqedan gamomdinare, umTavres prioritets sagareo politikaSi warmoadgens:
saqarTvelos urTierToba aSS-Tan
• saqarTvelosTvis gadamwyvetia amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan TanamSromloba, rogorc qvey-
nis umniSvnelovanes strategiul partniorTan, romelic aqtiurad uWers mxars Cveni qveynis
suverenitetsa da teritoriul mTlianobas, qveyanaSi Zlieri demokratiuli institutebis
Camoyalibebas, sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebas;
evroatlantikuri integracia
• Cveni umTavresi mizania saqarTvelos gawevrianeba natoSi da evrokavSirTan daaxloeba;
• amave dros, saqarTvelo koleqtiuri usafrTxoebis sistemaSi unda iyos aramxolod benefi-
ciari: Cvenma qveynam ara marto unda isargeblos natos sikeTiT, aramed TviTonac Seitanos
Tavis wonadi wvlili blokis gaZlierebaSi;
• natos egidiT mimdinare operaciebSi qarTuli SenaerTebis mier sabrZolo amocanebis
warmatebiT Sesruleba, mniSvnelovani wvlilis Setana msoflios cxel wertilebSi mSvido-
bis damyarebasa da stabilizaciaSi;
• evroatlantikur sivrceSi demokratiul saxelmwifoebTan partnioruli procesebis ganvi-
Tareba dafuZnebuli mSvidobis, Tanasworobis, urTierTTanamSromlobis principebze, Ria,
partnioruli da Tavisufali savaWro-ekonomikuri urTierTobebi yvela saxelmwifosTan da
saxelmwifoTa gaerTianebebTan, gansakuTrebiT amerikis SeerTebul StatebTan, evrokavSirTan
da regionis qveynebTan;
• evropis qveynebTan TanamSromloba, evropul ojaxSi adgilis damkvidreba, evropaSi us-
afrTxoebisa da stabilurobis ganmtkicebis procesSi aqtiuri monawileoba;
saqarTvelos urTierToba mezobel qveynebTan
• regionSi stabilurobisa da usafrTxoebis SenarCuneba da arsebuli uTanxmoebebis mSvido-
biani mogvareba, saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobiT wvlilis Setana regionuli usafrTxoebis
ganmtkicebaSi;
26
• azerbaijanTan da somxeTTan istoriulad Camoyalibebuli keTilmezobluri urTierTobebi-
dan gamomdinare maTTan TanamSromlobis Semdgomi gaZliereba da samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs
Soris urTierTobebis gaRrmaveba;
• saqarTvelosa da ukrainas Soris strategiuli TanamSromlobis gagrZeleba rogorc ormxiv,
ise mravalmxriv formatSi;
• TurqeTTan urTierTobis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba, politikur, savaWro - ekonomikur da energe-
tikulsferoebSi;
• transnacionaluri proeqtebis ganxorcielebis gamocdilebis gaRrmaveba, gansakuTrebiT en-
ergetikisa da transnportis sferoSi. saWiroa am tipis urTierTobebis Semdgomi gaRrmaveba,
erToblivi regionuli ekonomikuri proeqtebis dagegmva da realizacia;
urTierToba ruseTTan
ruseTis federaciis mier saqarTvelos teritoriis nawilis okupacia arRvevs Cvens suvereni-
tets, saxelmwifoebriobas da politikuri, ekonomikuri da socialuri destabilizaciis umniS-
vnelovanesi faqtoria. okupirebuli regionebis intensiuri militarizacia, kerZod, iq ruseTis
federaciis SeiaraRebuli Zalebis saxmeleTo, sahaero da sazRvao nawilebis, aseve misi uSiSroe-
bis federaluri samsaxuris sasazRvro jarebis ganlageba xelyofs saqarTvelos, rogorc su-
verenuli saxelmwifos uflebebs, emuqreba mis da mTlianad regionis usafrTxoebas;
Cven vTvliT, rom 2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis federaciis samxedro agresiis saboloo mizani
saqarTvelos teritoriebis okupaciasTan erTad iyo saqarTvelos nato-Si gawevrianebis CaS-
la da qveynis sagareo-politikuri kursis kardinaluri Secvla. dResac arsebobs realuri
safrTxe, rom ruseTi Seecdeba saqarTvelos evroatlantikuri arCevanis realizaciisTvis xe-
lisSeSlas da qveynis rusul orbitaze ZaliT dabrunebas.
aqedan gamomdinare arsebobs axali rusuli agresiis riski.
• Cveni mizania am riskis Semakavebeli faqtorebis Seqmna da ukve arsebuli aseTi faqtorebis
gamoyeneba. (evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misiis yofna Cvens teritoriaze, amerikisa da civilize-
buli samyaros aqtiuri mxardaWera da a.S. )
• ruseTTan keTilmezoblobisa da Tanasworobis principebze dafuZnebuli urTierTobis
aRdgena ver moxdeba ruseTis federaciis mier saqarTvelos suverenitetisa da teritoriuli
mTlianobis pativiscemis da dakavebuli teritoriebis deokupaciis gareSe;
teritoriuli mTlianoba da deokupacia
yvelaze seriozuli gamowveva saqarTvelos winaSe misi suverenitetis SenarCuneba da teritori-
uli mTlianobis aRdgenaa.
saqarTvelo mowodebulia, aRidginos da SeinarCunos teritoriuli mTlianoba da uzrunvelyos
qveynis saerTaSorisod aRiarebuli sazRvrebis dacva mis xelT arsebuli yvela samarTliani da
mSvidobiani saSualebis gamoyenebiT.
CvenTvis umniSvnelovanes amocanas warmoadgens drouli da efeqtiani nabijebis gadadgma,
romlebic mimarTuli iqneba mSvidobiani, saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze damyarebuli
meTodebiT qveynis teritoriebis deokupaciisken;
Cveni prioritetebi am mimarTulebiT iqneba:
• saerTaSoriso samarTlis principebze damyarebuli, mSvidobiani gziT da saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis, saqarTvelos megobari qveynebis xelSewyobiT da daxmarebiT saqarTvelos
27
okupirebuli teritoriebis deokupacia, qveynis mTel teritoriaze suverenitetis aRdgena;
• saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis, evrokavSiris mxardaWeris SenarCuneba marionetuli re-
Jimebis araRiarebis politikis gagrZelebaSi da am regionebSi eTnikuri wmendisa da eTnikur
niadagze devnis faqtebis aRiareba.
• ruseTis federaciasTan principuli, Sedegze orientirebuli dialogi saqarTvelos okupire-
buli regionebis deokupaciis mizniT;
• evrokavSiris mier saqarTveloSi srulfasovani samSvidobo misiis ganxorcielebis miRweva,
romlis mandati realurad gavrceldeba qveynis mTel teritoriaze;
• saqarTvelos mier Zalis gamouyeneblobasTan dakavSirebiT 2008 wlis 12 agvistos ruseTsa
da saqarTvelos Soris cecxlis Sewyvetis Sesaxeb SeTanxmebiT nakisri valdebulebebis Ses-
rulebis;
• konkretuli da qmediTi saqmianobas evrokavSiris „evropis samezoblo politikis“ farglebSi;
• aqtiuri Tavdacvis politikis gagrZeleba;
• qveyanaSi iseTi ekonomikuri politikis gatareba da demokratiuli Rirebulebebis damkvidre-
ba, romelic okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovrebi Cveni TanamoqalaqeebisTvis mimzidvels
gaxdis erTian saxelmwifoSi cxovrebas;
• deokupaciis Semdeg iq mcxovrebi mosaxleobis samoqalaqo reintegracia;
• iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa da ltolvilTa mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilebze dabruneba,
maTi qonebrivi uflebebis aRdgena da usafrTxoebis garantiebis uzrunvelyofa;
• dialogi afxazebTan da osebTan, maTi erovnuli interesebis gaTvaliswineba:
Tavdacva, usafrTxoeba da SeiaraRebuli Zalebi
Tavdacvisa da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis sferoSi Cveni mizania maRali teqnologiebiT aRWurvili,
natos standartebis Sesabamisi mobiluri SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Seqmna da iq anazRaurebis da
socialuri uzrunvelyofis dasavluri standartebis uzrunvelyofa.
am mimarTulebiT Cveni politika iqneba:
• samxedro savaldebulo gawvevis gauqmeba, armiis sruliad gadayvana sakontraqto principze,
SeiaraRebuli Zalebis optimizacia;
• anazRaurebis da socialuri uzrunvelyofis dasavluri standartebis danergva;
• SeiaraRebuli Zalebis biujetis 40-45%-is daxarjva socialuri sferosTvis;
• armiis gadaiaraReba da nato-s standartebze gadasvla, risTvisac: Tavdacvis biujetis 25-30
% da mSp-s minimum 2% gamoiyofa Tavdacvaze, etapobrivad Camoyalibdeba rezervis mraval-
safexuriani sistema;
ekonomikuri usafrTxoeba
• ekonomikis maRali tempiT stabiluri grZelvadiani zrdisTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmna;
• adgilobrivi sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis zrdis gziT qveynis sasursaTo damoukide-
blobis xarisxis amaRleba, romelmac unda uzrunvelyos importze damokidebulebis,
ucxour produqciaze fasis arasasurveli cvlilebebiT gamowveuli problemebis Tavidan
acileba;
• qveynis ekonomikis Tavisufali ganviTareba, saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri urTierTobebis ga-
farToeba, kapitalis mozidvisTvis saWiro sainvesticio garemos gaumjobeseba, mcire mTav-
robis principis SenarCuneba, konservatiuli fiskaluri da jansaRi monetaruli politikis
gatareba;
• makroekonomikuri stabilurobis ganmtkiceba;
• sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobeseba da gamartiveba;
28
• fiskaluri mdgradobis SenarCunebisTvis sabiujeto deficitis Tanamimdevruli Semcireba;
• konservatiuli fiskaluri da jansaRi monetaruli politikis gatareba, inflaciis minimal-
uri donis miRweva da SenarCuneba sajaro xarjebis Semcirebisa da saxelmwifo valis minimi-
zaciis gziT.
energetikuli usafrTxoeba
energetikuli usafrTxoebis politika saxelmwifo politikis ganuyofeli nawilia.qveynis en-
ergetikuli usafrTxoeba is umniSvnelovanesi sakiTxia, romelsac sasicocxlo mniSvneloba
aqvs erovnuli usafrTxoebisa da keTildReobisaTvis. 21-e saukuneSi am TvalsazrisiT, saer-
TaSoriso arenaze mimdinare procesebSi saqarTvelos Tavisi gamokveTili roli gaaCnia, rasac
adasturebs qveynis teritoriaze mniSvnelovani energetikuli, satransporto da satranzito
magistralebis arseboba. saqarTvelos energetikuli usafrTxoebis politikis prioritetia en-
ergomomaragebis wyaroebisa da marSrutebis diversificireba da energoresursebis satranzito
qveynis statusis ganmtkiceba.
am mimarTulebiT Cveni strategiuli amocana iqneba:
• qveynis energodamoukideblobis ganmtkiceba;
• energiis wyaroebisa da transportirebis gzebis diversifikaciis gagrZeleba;
• Siga resursebis maqsimalurad aTvisebis, energosistemis Semdgomi modernizaciisa da ganvi-
Tarebis xelSewyoba da regionul energoinfrastruqturaSi integracia;
• saqarTvelos energetikuli potencialis gazrda;
• sufTa energiis wyaroebis ganviTareba da Sesabamisi infrastruqturis Seqmna;
• hidroresursebis da ganaxlebadi energiis wyaroebis ufro efeqtiania Tviseba;
eko-usafrTxoeba
eko - usafrTxoebis gareSe dRes warmoudgenelia qveynis mdgradi ganviTareba da ekonomikuri
winsvla. saqarTvelos konstituciis 37-e muxlis Tanaxmad saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs
ufleba icxovros janmrTelobisaTvis usafrTxo garemoSi. aseTi garemos uzrunvelyofisTvis
sazogadoebis ekologiuri da ekonomikuri interesebis Sesabamisad, axlandeli da momavali Tao-
bebis interesebis gaTvaliswinebiT, saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos garemos dacva da raciona-
luri bunebaTsargebloba.
am mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebi iqneba:
• bunebrivi procesebisa da adamianis saqmianobis Sedegad warmoqmnili krizisebis Tavidan ac-
ileba;
• saqarTvelos bunebrivi garemos, biomravalferovnebis SenarCuneba;
• garemos dabinZurebis sawinaaRmdego efeqtiani RonisZiebebis SemuSaveba da gatareba;
• haeris, wylisa da niadagis dabinZurebis prevencia; tyis resursebis dacva, RonisZiebebi,
romlebic uzrunvelyofs ara moWrili xe-tyis gatanas, aramed adgilze damuSavebas da adgilobrivi
warmoebis ganviTarebas;
• qveynis teritoriis radioaqtiuri da sxva mavne narCenebisagan gawmendis samuSaoebis Cat-
areba; saqarTvelos bunebrivi simdidreebis araefeqturi gamoyenebis ekonomikuri da sakanon-
mdeblo barierebis Seqmna da ganmtkiceba
29
• Savi zRvis dabinZurebis prevencia;
• Tevzis Weris sferoSi xelovnuri barierebis mospoba qarTveli meTevzeebisTvis;
• erovnuli maregulirebeli normebis SemuSaveba da amoqmedeba;
• mdgradi organuli dambinZureblebis da dabinZurebuli teritoriebis inventarizacia, aseve
nagavsayreli poligonebis marTvis gaumjobesebisken mimarTuli RonisZiebebis, moTxovnebisa
da maTi Sesrulebis gamkacreba, saukeTeso gamocdilebis danergva;
• Tanamedrove gamwmendi nagebobebis da sakanalizacio sistemebis mowyoba:
• nagvis gadamamuSavebeli qarxnebis mSenebloba da nagvis gadamuSavebis da utilizaciis Taname-
drove sistemebis danergva;
• vadagasuli pesticidebis garemosTvis usafrTxo meTodebiT ganadgureba;
eqstremaluri bunebrivi movlenebis, bunebrivi katastrofebisa da maT mier gamowveuli riskebis
marTvis gaumjobeseba
ukanasknel wlebSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda stiqiuri ubedurebebis Sedegad mosaxleobisTvis
miyenebuli zaralis masStabebi. es mianiSnebs, rom qveyanaSi ar aris danergili riskis zonebSi
monitoringisa da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebis muSaoba;
am mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebi iqneba:
• riskis zonebSi monitoringisa da adreuli Setyobinebis sistemebis danergva;
• bunebrivi katastrofebiT gamowveuli sagangebo situaciebisaTvis samoqmedo gegmebis Se-
muSaveba;
• prevenciuli RonisZiebebis dagegmva da ganxorcieleba;
• Zveli qarsafrebis aRdgena da axlis gaSeneba iq, sadac es aucilebelia soflis meurneo-
bisaTvis;
• setyvis Rrublis daSlis Tanamedrove sistemebis gamoyeneba;
sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da moqalaqeTa usafrTxoeba
sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacvis sistemaSi gatarebulma reformebma da pirvel rigSi, sapatru-
lo policiis SemoRebam qveyanaSi uzrunvelyo sazogadoebrivi wesrigis damyareba, magram arse-
bobs problemebi, pirvel rigSi policiis politizeba, ukiduresi centralizacia. ar arsebobs
Sss-s sazogadoebrivi kontrolis meqanizmi.
am sferoSi gavatarebT Semdeg reformebs:
• policiis depolitizeba, politizebuli Zalovani struqturebis nacvlad, politikurad da-
moukidebeli da miukerZoebeli policiisa da usafrTxoebis samsaxurebis Seqmna;
• struqturuli reorganizacia - municipaluri policiis Camoyalibeba;
• Sss-ze sazogadoebrivi kontrolis meqanizmis amoqmedeba;
• prokuroris usazRvrod didi diskreciis SezRudva;
30
Tavi IV. arsebuli ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da biznes garemo
1. makroekonomikuri garemo
a. mTliani Sida produqti (mSp)
2004 wlidan dRemde qveyanaSi ganxorcielebuli ekonomikuri politikis efeqturobis Sefasebis
mTavar indikatorad saxelisuflebo organoebis mier mSp-s maCveneblebis zrdaSi gamoxatuli eko-
nomikuri zrda saxeldeba. am TvalsazrisiT, oficialur statistikaze dayrdnobiT mSp-s realuri
zrdis maCvenebeli da Sesabamisi makroekonomikuri parametrebi Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
mSp mimdinare fasebSi (mln. lari) 11620,9 13789,9 16993,8 19074,9 17986 20791,3 24229,1
mSp 2003 wlis fasebSi (mln. lari) 9935,6 10868 12208,8 12491,4 12019,7 12785,1 13659,4
mSp-is realuri zrda (%) 109,6 109,4 112,3 102,3 96,2 106,4 107,0
mSp deflatori (%) 107,9 108,5 109,7 109,7 98,0 108,7 109,2
mSp 1 sulze mimdinare fasebSi (lari) 2689,1 3133,1 3866,9 4352,9 4101,3 4686,5 5421,4
mSp 1 sulze mimdinare fasebSi (aSS $) 1483,5 1763,5 2314,6 2921,1 2455,2 2629 3215,4
mSp mimdinare fasebSi (mln. aSS $) 6411 7761,7 10171,9 12800,5 10767,1 11663,4 14370,4
wyaro: geostat.ge
aRsaniSnavia, rom bolo wlebSi ekonomikuri zrda, ZiriTad, Semdeg faqtorebs efuZneboda:
• pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi;
• saxelmwifo xarjebis zrda.
ucxour investiciebad saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis privatizaciisa da mesakuTreTa
Secvlisas dafiqsirebuli finansuri nakadebi iTvleba. aRniSnuli procesis erTgvari negatiuri
mxare aris is, rom investiciebis saxiT qveyanaSi Semodinebuli saxsrebis mxolod umniSvnelo, mci-
re nawili Tu aisaxa axali aqtivebis Seqmnaze, maT Soris ZiriTadi kapitalis moculobis da mwar-
moeblurobis zrdaze. ganxorcielebuli investiciebis ZiriTadi nawili saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli aqtivebis SeZenaze modis. xolo, rac Seexeba saxelmwifo danaxarjebis zrdas, es, ufro
metad, ekonomikis legalizaciis xarisxis zrdisa da fiskaluri Semosavlebis zrdis Sedegia.
ekonomikisa da biznesis sxvadasxva dargis mSp-s maCveneblis zrdis tendencias Tundac zedapiru-
lad Tu davakvirdebiT, davinaxavT, rom zrdas hqonda mkveTrad gamoxatuli araTanabarzomieri
dargobrivi tendencia da aRniSnuli zrda ZiriTadad mxolod 3-4 dargis mkveTri zrdiT iyo
ganpirobebuli. es exeba samTo-mopovebiT mrewvelobas, gadamamuSavebel mrewvelobas da safinanso
saqmianobas. rac, am dargebSi zrdis mravalwliani tradiciuli tendenciebis SenarCunebiT aris
gamowveuli. aRniSnuli tendencia gansakuTrebulad kargad qveynis sagadamxdelo balansis da
eqsport-importis struqturis analizis dros Cans.
mSp da misi gamoyeneba mimdinare
fasebSi (milioni lari)
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
dRg da mTliani Sida produqti
mTliani damatebuli Rirebuleba
sabaziso fasebSi
8 041,9 8 989,6 10 284,5 12 046,9 14 611,1 16 521,8 15 546,3 18 062,3
(+) gadasaxadebi produqtebze 578,3 892,1 1 397,3 1 800,6 2 454,3 2 639,3 2 530,9 2 834,3
(-) subsidiebi produqtebze 56,1 57,3 60,8 57,6 71,6 86,3 91,3 105,3
(=) mSp sabazro fasebSi 8 564,1 9 824,3 11 620,9 13 789,9 16 993,8 19 074,9 17 986,0 20 791,3
mSp-s gamoyeneba
xarjebi saboloo moxmarebaze 7 028,8 8 573,8 9 794,1 12 972,0 15 731,9 19 595,8 19 075,2 20 163,3
Sinameurneobebi 6 129,8 7 148,5 7 719,7 10 803,5 11 952,7 14 582,3 14 600,4 15 703,1
31
Sinameurneobebis momsaxure ara-
komerciuli organizaciebi
62,8 46,2 60,5 52,4 61,3 77,2 75,4 89,2
saxelmwifo marTvis organoebi 836,2 1 379,1 2 014,0 2 116,0 3 717,9 4 936,3 4 399,5 4 371,0
individ. saqoneli/momsaxureba 411,9 587,5 978,6 640,0 714,7 866,0 900,5 1 066,5
koleqtiuri momsaxureba 424,4 791,6 1 035,3 1 476,0 3 003,2 4 070,2 3 499,0 3 304,5
(+) mTliani kapit-is formireba 2 682,3 3 134,8 3 891,5 4 255,3 5 447,5 4 951,6 2 342,9 4 060,6
ZiriTadi kapitalis mTliani
formireba
2 283,6 2 697,3 3 261,4 3 524,2 4 370,5 4 098,5 2 755,4 3 592,0
maragebis cvlileba 398,7 437,5 630,1 731,1 1 077,0 853,1 -412,5 468,7
faseulobis SeZena, wminda .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
(+) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
eqsporti
2 726,6 3 100,1 3 921,9 4 532,1 5 303,0 5 459,2 5 348,9 7 234,8
saqonlis eqsporti 1 777,4 2 073,2 2 665,7 2 956,2 3 479,5 3 586,5 3 163,5 4 385,3
momsaxurebis eqsporti 949,2 1 026,9 1 256,2 1 576,0 1 823,6 1 872,7 2 185,5 2 849,5
(-) saqonlisa da momsaxurebis
importi
3 975,6 4 733,6 5 992,7 7 862,6 9 848,0 11 140,4 8 801,3 10 872,5
saqonlis importi 3 142,0 3 813,9 4 861,2 6 573,8 8 295,2 9 303,7 7 172,9 8 971,4
momsaxurebis importi 833,6 919,7 1 131,4 1 288,7 1 552,8 1 836,7 1 628,4 1 901,0
(+) statistikuri gansxvaveba 101,9 -250,8 6,0 -106,9 359,3 208,6 20,2 205,0
(=) mSp sabazro fasebSi 8 564,1 9 824,3 11 620,9 13 789,9 16 993,8 19 074,9 17 986,0 20 791,3
wyaro: geostat.ge
mTliani Sida produqtis gamoyenebis analizi ZiriTadi kategoriebis mixedviT gvaCvenebs, rom
bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar momxdara mSp-s zrdisTvis axali mamoZravebeli segmentebis gamov-
lena da ekonomika, miuxedavad imisa, rom ganicdis zrdas, ar viTardeba (zrda, ganviTarebis
gareSe). amavdroulad, ar izrdeboda riskebis mimarT saxelmwifoebrivi imuniteti da ekonomika
ufro metad damokidebuli xdeboda saerTaSoriso bazrebze arsebul koniunqturaze.
b. monopoliebi
dRes biznesis TiTqmis yvela sfero monopolizebulia da swored amis gamoa, rom qveyanaSi wa-
mali, sawvavi, transporti da TiTqmis yvela saxis produqti katastrofulad Zviria. monopo-
liebi mniSvnelovnad aZvirebs cxovrebas, zogadad xels uSlis mcire da saSualo biznesis ganvi-
Tarebas, rac Tavis mxriv ZiriTadi mizezia samuSao adgilebis totaluri deficitisa.
monopoliebis da Sesabamisad wamlebze, sawvavze, kvebis da pirveladi moxmarebis produqtebze
maRali fasebis dawesebis, cxovrebis gaZvirebis da umuSevrobis Tema erTnairad mtkivneulia ro-
gorc qalaqis mosaxleobisaTvis, aseve soflad mcxovrebi adamianebisTvis. dRes monopoliebisgan
gamowveuli problemebi qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis umTavres Tavis tkivilad iqca.
romel sferoSic ar aris monopolia, iq biznesic warmatebiT viTardeba da fasebic dabalia.
g. siRaribis zRvari, saarsebo minimumi
Tavidanve unda aRiniSnos is garemoeba, rom samomxmareblo fasebSi SeiniSneba Zalian uaryofi-
Ti tendencia - sxva kategoriebTan SedarebiT gansakuTrebiT didi zrda fiqsirdeba kvebis da
soflis meurneobis produqtebze, janmrTelobis dacvis seqtorSi, transportze, komunalur da
saTbob-energetikul kompleqsSi. amavdroulad, mosaxleoba da Sinameurneobebi Tavisi Semosav-
lebis didi nawiliT damokidebuli gaxdnen saxelmwifos saxarjo politikaze. maTi saerTo Semo-
savlebis wilSi Semcirda sakuTriv warmoebuli, da sagrZnoblad gaizarda saxelmwifos monawile-
obis xvedriTi wili, rogorc daxmarebebis da subsidiebis nawilSi, aseve saxelmwifo dakveTebis
kuTxiT.
aRniSnulma tendenciam mkveTrad uaryofiTad gansakuTrebiT siRaribis zRvars qvemoT myofi
32
mosaxleobis da sazogadoebis dausaqmebeli nawilis social-ekonomikur mdgomareobaze imoqmeda.
radgan, sazogadoebis es nawili sakuTari Semosavlebis, danazogebis an saojaxo biujetis udides
nawils swored kvebis pirveladi produqtebis, medikamentebis da komunaluri servisebis SeZenaze
xarjavs.
unda aRiniSnos, rom 2004 da 2007 wlebSi moxda saarsebo minimumis gadaxedva aucilebelad mis-
aRebi minimaluri kaloriebis Semcirebis kuTxiT da rbilad rom vTqvaT, sagrZnoblad gansxvave-
buli statistika miviReT.
2004 – 2011 wlebi 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Sromisunariani asakis ma-
makacis saarsebo minimumi
(lari)
96,2 98,3 120,3 115,9 130,7 126,1 149,6 156,9
wyaro: geostat.ge
2012 weli I II III IV V VI
Sromisunariani asakis mamaka-
cis saarsebo minimumi (lari)
157,2 156,2 155,3 154,1 150,1 149,0
wyaro: geostat.ge
2004 wlidan saarsebo minimumi axali, ukve Secvlili minimaluri sasursaTo kalaTis mixedviT
iangariSeba. sasursaTo kalaTis Semadgenlobis Secvlas zogjer meTodologiur cvlilebas
uwodeben, rac principuli Secdomaa, vinaidan gaangariSebis meTodologia ucvlelia. Secvlilia
mxolod parametrebi.
2004 wlamde da 2004 wlidan moqmedi saarsebo minimumis safuZvlad gamoyenebuli minimaluri sa-
sursaTo kalaTa arsebiTad gansxvavebulia erTmaneTisagan, rogorc energetikuli Rirebulebis,
ise Semadgenlobis TvalsazrisiT. zedapiruli analizis safuZvelze SiZleba davaskvnaT, rom
saarsebo minimumis Semcireba sasursaTo kalaTis kvebis energetikis 2500–dan 2300 kilokalori-
amde Semcirebam ganapiroba. es, cxadia, gamoiwvevda Semcirebas, magram ara iseTs, rogorc dRes
arsebul tendenciebSia.
saarsebo minimumis Semcirebis ZiriTadi mizezi minimaluri sasursaTo kalaTis Semadgenlobaa,
romelic 2004 wlis cvlilebis Semdeg ufro iafi produqtebisagan Sedgeba da sadac ZiriTadad
purproduqtebi dominirebs, xolo xorci, Tevzi da SedarebiT Zvirad Rirebuli kaloriuli
produqtebi naklebadaa warmodgenili. Sedegad, miviReT suraTi, roca dRes arsebuli minimal-
uri sasursaTo kalaTa eqspertuli SefasebiT 30-40%-iT mainc naklebi Rirebulebisaa, vidre misi
realuri maCvenebeli.
d. dasaqmebis politika. umuSevroba
sayuradRebo detalia: ekonomikuri zrda qveyanaSi upirveles yovlisa dasaqmebis maCvenebelze
unda aisaxos. anu, investiciebis moculobis da axali sawarmoo simZlavreebis zrdam pirda-
pirproporciulad axali samuSao adgilebis gaCena da umuSevrobis maCveneblis Semcireba unda
gamoiwvios. am mxriv, erTgvari paradoqsuli situaciaa saqarTveloSi. ekonomikuri zrdis (mSp-s
maCvenebeli) paralelurad dasaqmebis maCvenebeli araTu gaizarda, piriqiT Semcirda da umu-
Sevrobis oficialuri maCvenebelic ki, 2004 wlidan 2010 wlamde 12,6%-dan 16,3%-mde gaizarda.
Tumca, 2011 wels oficialuri statistikuri informacia umuSevrobis donis 15,1%–mde Semci-
rebis tendencias afiqsirebs.
33
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
samuSao Zala (aTasi kaci) 2041 2023,9 2021,8 1965,3 1917,8 1991,8 1944,9 1959,3
dasaqmebuli (aTasi kaci) 1783,3 1744,6 1747,3 1704,3 1601,9 1656,1 1628,1 1664,2
umuSevari (aTasi kaci) 257,6 279,3 274,5 261 315,8 335,6 316,9 295,1
umuSevrobis done (%) 12,6 13,8 13,6 13,3 16,5 16,9 16,3 15,1
wyaro: geostat.gekerZo da sajaro seqtorebs Soris dasaqmebulTa ricxovnobis Tanafardobas raime saxis serio-
zuli cvlileba ar ganucdia. realur kerZo seqtorSi daqiravebiT momuSaveTa ricxvi praq-
tikulad ar gazrdila, aseve, ucvlelia „TviTdasaqmebulTa“ didi wili da misi absoluturi
maCvenebeli. mcire cvlilebebi, romelic saxezea, statistikuri cdomilebis, aRricxvianobis da
statistikis Selamazebis farglebs TiTqmis ver scdeba. amitom, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom deklari-
rebuli „ekonomikuri zrda“ Sromis bazarze TiTqmis ar aisaxa, rac Tavad am aRmavlobis Tezas
seriozuli kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebs.
oficialuri inoformaciiT (~saqstati~), saqarTveloSi 2012 wlis monacemebiT umuSevrobis
maCvenebeli 15,1%-ia. aseT maCvenebels ZiriTadad ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom umuSevrobis
arsebuli maCvenebeli „Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis“ kriteriumiTaa daangariSebuli. am
kriteriumis mixedviT, dasaqmebulad iTvleba yvela, vinc gamokiTxvis wina periodis ganmav-
lobaSi Tundac erTi saaTi mainc muSaobda fuladi an naturaluri Semosavlis miRebis mizniT.
am kriteriumiT, dasaqmebulebSi xdeba e.w. sasoflo TviTdasaqmebulebis gaTvaliswinebac, anu
sakuTar sakarmidamo nakveTze momuSave adamianebi, romelTa dasaqmebis sferoc met wilad saku-
Tari moxmarebis da saojaxo moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis mizniT organizebuli naturaluri
soflis meurneobaa, Semdgomi ganviTarebis nulovani perspeqtiviT.
am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, aucilebelia aRiniSnos, rom Sromis saerTaSoriso organizaciis kri-
teriumiT daangariSebuli umuSevrobis maCvenebeli dasaqmebisa da umuSevrobis analizis mxolod
pirveli safexuria. analizis Semdgomi etapebi moicavs iseTi cnebebis da komponentebis kvlevas
da aRricxvas, rogorebicaa: arasruli dasaqmeba, faruli umuSevroba, dasaqmebis efeqturoba da
a.S. yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, ukve TvalnaTliv Cans, rom saqarTveloSi realuri suraTi
oficialur statistikur suraTTan SedarebiT, gacilebiT ufro mZimea.
amasTan, sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom saqarTveloSi Zalian maRalia ekonomikis dargebs
Soris arsebuli disbalansi. bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi dasaqmebis arsebuli struqtura praqtiku-
lad ar Secvlila. amavdroulad, sakmaod dabalia ekonomikis im dargebis xvedriTi wili, sadac
dasaqmeba maRalefeqturia.
TviTdasaqmebis aseTi asimetriulad maRali xvedriTi wili, gansakuTrebiT ki, sasoflo sameur-
neo sferoSi arsebuli resursebis asimetriuloba (mSp-Si soflis meurneobis xvedriTi wili
- 7,3%, qveyanaSi nominalur dasaqmebaSi soflad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis xvedriTi wili - 50%,
qveynis mosaxleobis saerTo raodenobaSi soflad mcxovrebTa xvedriTi wili - 47%), saqarT-
velos ekonomikis mTavari daavadebaa, romelic sakmaod mwvave socialuri daavadebebis gamom-
wvevi mizezia.
e. inflacia
qveynisTvis bolo wlebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani gamowveva iyo da aris inflacia. saqarTvelos
xelisuflebis mier gatarebuli araefeqturi politikis, rogorc monetaruli, ise fiskaluri
politikis Sedegad qveyanaSi inflaciam, gansakuTrebiT sursaTis da medikamentebis fasebze,
transportsa da komunalur momsaxurebaze, 2010 wlis da 2011 wlis pirveli naxevris periodSi
ukve saxifaTo zRvars miaRwia. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli bankis mkacri monetaruli
politikis Sedegad 2011–2012 wlebis periodisTvis SesaZlebeli gaxda inflaciis aRmavali
34
maCveneblis „moTokva“ da 2012 wlis dasawyisisTvis wliuri inflaciis oficialuri statisti-
kuri maCveneblis 2%–mde, xolo 2012 wlis ivnisis monacemebiT uaryofiT maCveneblamde (–0,2%)
Semcireba.
miuxedavad imisa, rom 2011 wlis meore naxevridan 2012 wlis ivnisis CaTvliT inflaciuri proce-
sebis marTvis kuTxiT dadebiTi tendenciebi fiqsirdeba, ar arsebobs garantia imisa, rom infla-
ciis dabali maCvenebeli SenarCundeba. aRniSnuls ganapirobebs is garemoeba, rom xelisufle-
bas ar aqvs gacnobierebuli inflaciis masStabis social–ekonomikuri Sedegebi da naklebad
grZnobs pasuxismgeblobas mosaxleobis socialurad daucveli nawilis winaSe. anu, maTze, visac
inflaciuri procesebi ukiduresad mZime mdgomareobaSi ayenebs da, rac yvelaze sagangaSoa, ar
gaaCnia inflaciis grZelvadiani marTvis erTiani samTavrobo programa. qveyanaSi inflaciis
da pirveladi moxmarebis produqtebsa da servisebze fasebis zrdis mTavar maprovocirebel da
ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad, sxva gare faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT, Semdegi sami ZiriTadi mizezi
gvevlineba:
• biujetis deficiti da mniSvnelovnad gaberili xarjviTi politika. sayovelTaod cnobilia,
rom swored deficituri biujeti da gaberili saxelisuflebo xarjebia qveyanaSi inflaciis
gamomwvevi erT–erTi ZiriTadi mizezi;
• monopoliebis Tema. dResdReobiT did saidumlos ar warmoadgens, rom benzinis, puris
fqvilis, xorblis, Saqris, zeTis, marilis, farmaciis da sxva farTo moxmarebis produqtebis
importi, mxolod saxelisuflebo wreebTan daaxloebuli biznes stuqturebis mier xorciel-
deba, rac maT maRali mogebis miRebis mizniT monopoliurad maRali fasebis xelovnurad
dadgenis da bazarze axali moTamaSeebis Tavisufali SeRwevadobis pirobebis SezRudvis saSu-
alebas aZlevs;
• biznesis terori da sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna. swored winaswari patimrobis meSveobiT
moaxerxa prokuraturam saqarTveloSi biznesmenebis dateroreba da aseulobiT milioni
laris erTgvari gamoZalva biznes seqtorisagan, rac Tavis mxriv, xSir SemTxvevaSi, swored am
biznesebis gakotrebis, gaCerebis an/da biznes saqmianobis Seferxebis mizezi gaxda.
meores mxriv, ganxorcielebuli samomxmareblo ekonomikuri politika, iTvaliswinebda xelovnu-
rad gamyarebul erovnul valutas. miuxedavad imisa, rom gamyarebuli gacvliTi kursi xels uwy-
obs importis zrdas, eqportis zrdas igi xels uSlis da mniSvnelovnad azaralebs adgilobriv
warmoebas. amis magaliTia is, rom bolo perodSi qveynis savaWro saldo mkveTrad uaresdeboda,
magram saxelmwifos sabiujeto Semosavlebi mkveTrad iyo damokidebuli savaWro seqtorze da
qmediTi nabijebis gadadgma mosalodneli ar iyo.
wyaro: geostat.ge
35
ekonomikuri zrdis da pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis maRali maCveneblis fonze inflaciis
2007 wlis 11%-iani maCvenebeli qveynis ekonomikisaTvis katastrofuli xasiaTis namdvilad ar
iyo. 2009 wlidan ki, saxelmwifo xarjebis mniSvnelovanma zrdam da mTavrobis mier araefeqturi
xarjviTi politikis gatarebam inflaciuri procesis erTgvari provocireba moaxdina da erovnu-
li valuta mkveTrad gaufasurda. oficialuri statistikuri informaciiT 3%-dan (2009 weli)
11,2%-mde (2010 weli) mkveTri zrda dafiqsirda. 2010 wlidan gaufasurebis tendencia kvlav
gagrZelda da 2011 wlis ivnisis Tvis mdgomareobiT 14,4% Seadgina, riTac mniSvnelovnad gaus-
wro TviT 2007-2008 wlis maCveneblebsac ki.
zrdadi inflaciuri foni 2012 wlis ivnisSi gamkacrebuli monetaruli politikis Sedegad marT-
vadi gaxda da am periodidan fiqsirdeba misi maCveneblis Semcirebis tendencia.
wyaro: geostat.ge
qarTuli laris gaumarTlebeli gamyareba, romelmac ar gamoiwvia samomxmareblo fasebis Sem-
cireba, kidev erTi Zalian wonadi argumentia imisa, rom saqarTveloSi 2007-2008 wlebSi adgili
hqonda e.w. „holandiur daavadebas“. amis aRmosafxvrelad ki, raime qmediTi nabijis gadadgma
ar xdeboda da dResac ar xdeba. yovelive es, ufro aRrmavebs farul krizisul fons, kvlav
rCeba aRniSnuli krizisuli risk-faqtorebis momavalSi talRiseburi ganviTarebis mometebuli
safrTxe da rac bunebrivia, samomavlod mTavrobis mxridan myisier gadawyvetilebas ufro
rTuls xdis. aRniSnuli ki, Sesabamisad negatiurad aisaxeba gatarebuli antiinflaciuri da an-
tikrizisuli politikis efeqturobaze.
Semdgomi periodisaTvis inflaciis kontroli da efeqturi monetaruli instrumentebis gamoy-
eneba efeqturi inflaciuri politikis ZiriTad pirobas warmoadgens. samwuxarod kvlav maRalia
imis riski, rom qveyanaSi provocirebuli iqnes maRalinflaciuri tendenciebi, rasac Semdegi
faqtorebi ganapirobebs:
• biujetis xarjviTi politika – sabiujeto deficiti da sabiujeto xarjebis maRali done;
• minopoliebis Tema – xelisuflebis mxridan monopolisti kompaniebisadmi loialuri
damokidebuleba da saxelmwifo proteqcionizmi maT mimarT, rac pirdapir negatiurad aisaxe-
ba kvebis produqtebis, pirveladi da strategiuli moxmarebis produqtebis fasze, komu-
nalur da satransporto danaxarjebze;
36
• adgilobrivi warmoebis, maT Soris soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoebis da eqsportze
orientirebuli warmoebis dabali done da dabali SesaZlebloba konkurencia gauwion im-
ports da Caanacvlon importirebuli produqcia da momsaxureba adgilobrivi analogebiT.
2. seqtoruli ekonomika
ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoris mixedviT mSp-s ganawileba Semdegnairad gamoiyureba:
ekonomikis dargi 2009 weli xvedriTi
wili%
2010 weli xvedriTi
wili%
soflis meurneoba, nadiroba, satyeo
meurneoba
1 457,1 8,1 1 518,3 7,3
mrewveloba 1387,2 7,7 1974,3 9,5
mSenebloba 1 004,3 5,6 1 139,2 5,5
vaWroba 2 344,1 13,0 3 006,0 14,5
sastumroebi da restornebi 346,4 1,9 435,2 2,1
transporti / komunikacia 1 746,3 9,7 2 097,2 10,1
saxelmwifo mmarTveloba 2 457,6 13,6 2 343,1 11,3
janmrTelobis dacva da socialuri
daxmareba
1 021,4 5,7 1 199,4 5,8
mSp sabaziso fasebSi (milioni lari) 15 546,3 18 062,3
(+) gadasaxadebi produqciaze 2 530,9 2 834,3
(-) subsidiebi produqciaze 91,3 105,3
mSp sabazro fasebSi (milioni lari) 17 986,0 100 20 791,3 100
wyaro: geostat.ge
dRes arsebuli statistikuri monacemebis safuZvelze ekonomikis sxvadasxva seqtoris mixedviT
mSp-s ganawilebis tendenciis da dinamikis kidev ufro siRrmiseuli analizi da maTi wina wlebis
monacemebTan Sedareba cxadyofs, rom bolo wlebSi mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi ekonomikis saerTo seq-
torulma suraTma mZlavri struqturuli cvlileba ganicada.
ekonomikis dargi 2003 2005 2007 2009 2010
mrewveloba 17.7 15.7 13.3 7.7 9.5
soflis meurneoba 19.3 14.8 10.2 8.1 7.3
transporti/komunikacia 13.9 12.4 11.5 9.7 10.1
mSenebloba 6.4 8.1 6.1 5.6 5.5
vaWroba 13.3 11.9 13.5 13.0 14.5
sastumroebi da restornebi 2.9 2.8 2.1 1.9 2.1
wyaro: geostat.ge
mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi qveyanaSi mkveTrad Semcirda soflis meurneobis, mrewvelobis xvedriTi
wili, xolo vaWrobis wili ki, sagrZnoblad gaizarda. met-naklebi stabilurobiT xasiaTdeba sa-
transporto seqtori, komunikaciebi da mSenebloba.
a. samrewvelo seqtori
miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos mrewveloba (absulutur cifrebSi) bolo aTwleulis gan-
mavlobaSi izrdeboda, misi xvedriTi wili mSp-Si 2003 wlidan 2011 wlamde 17,7%-dan 9,5%-mde
37
Semcirda. es tendencia imaze metyvelebs, rom qveyana srulad Tavisi samrewvelo potencialis
mxolod Zalze mcire nawils iyenebs. swored amis Sedegia is faqti, rom jarTi wlebis manZilze
qarTuli eqsportis umTavres sasaqonlo nomeklaturad Camoyalibda. samwuxaroa, rom es xdeboda
maSin, rodesac mrewvelobis zogierT tradiciul seqtorSi qveyanas aSkarad fardobiTi upirate-
soba gaaCnda, romelic bunebriv resursebTan iyo dakavSirebuli. magaliTad, miwisqveSa bunebrivi
resursebi, jer kidev iafi muSaxeli, geografiuli mdgomareoba da ase Semdeg.
Tu gavaanalizebT gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis zrdis tempebs qveseqtorebis mixedviT, davinax-
avT rom kvebis produqtebis, sasmelebis da Tambaqos produqciis warmoebis zrda bolo wlebSi
mxolod umniSvnelod moxda da am periodisTvis arsebuli inflaciis maCvenebelsac Tu gaviTval-
iswinebT, maSin SeiZleba gakeTdes daskvna, rom industriis es seqtori praqtikulad ar gazr-
dila. kvebis mrewvelobis da soflis meurneobis produqciis warmoeba-gadamuSavebis maCveneblis
nominaluri zrda seriozuli SeSfoTebis sagania da es ar aixsneba mxolod qarTul Rvinosa da
mineralur wylebze dawesebuli rusuli embargoTi. es ufro soflis meurneobis da pirveladi
produqciis gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis Rrma struqturul krizisze miuTiTebs.
b. sabanko seqtori
sabanko sistemis ganviTarebis tempebi da maCveneblebi sakmaod STambeWdavia. sabanko seqtorma
udidesi roli iTamaSa saqarTvelos ekonomikis zrdaSi (mSp-s zrda) da ZiriTad mamoZravebel
Zalad Camoyalibda.
saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi seqtoruli ekonomikis zrda, iseve rogorc ekonomikuri zrda, pirda-
pirproporciulia sabanko aqtivobisa yvela seqtorSi. gamonakliss mxolod mrewveloba da
soflis meurneoba warmoadgens, romlebic procentulad mTlianad sabanko aqtivobaSi mcired
dakreditebas iRebs.
sabanko seqtoris mier dafinanseba ZiriTadad vaWrobis, ipoTekuri operaciebis, mSeneblobis da
samomxmareblo sesxebis mimarTulebiT xdeba. sabanko dafinanseba da arasaxelmwifo investiciebi
faqtobrivad sinqronizirebulia da erTi da igive seqtorebs afinanseben, mciredi gansxvavebe-
biT. magaliTad, uZravi qonebis seqtorSi investiciebis udidesi wili uSualod mSeneblobaze
modis, xolo sabanko sesxebis didi portfeli ipTekur da samomxmareblo sesxebze. swored es
seqtorebi gaxda is ZiriTadi baza, romelic dRes mSp-s zrdis umTavresi agregatebia.
sabanko saqmianobis analizidan naTlad Cans am seqtoris miswrafeba swrafi da naklebad riskiani
brunvebis mimarT. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom es sabanko seqtoris bunebrivi qmedebaa. amiT
aixsneba seqtoruli ekonomikis ZiriTadad vaWrobis seqtoris dafinansebis prioritetuloba.
aRniSnuli ki iwvevs savaWro saqonlis importis operaciebis stimulirebas, ucxouri bazrebis
xarjze abalansebs adgilobriv moTxovnas da iwvevs vaWrobis seqtoris mzard dafinansebas, ro-
melic sabanko seqtorisgan damoukidebeli mizezebis gamo qveynis sagadasaxdelo balansis kidev
ufro gauaresebas emsaxureba.
g. soflis meurneobis seqtori
dargSi, romelTanac mosaxleobis naxevarze metis socialuri da ekonomikuri interesi pirdapi-
raa dakavSirebuli - aTwleulia mwarmoeblurobis TvalsazrisiT raime realuri zrda ar fiq-
sirdeba.
saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis statistika da dinamika, kerZod ki, misi wili
mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi Semdeg suraTs gviCvenebs: 2003 weli - 19.3%; 2005 weli - 14,8%; 2007 weli -
10,2%; 2009 weli - 8,1%; 2010 weli - 7,3%.
38
saqarTvelos soflis meurneoba, romelzec mTliani nominaluri dasaqmebis 50%-ze meti modis,
magaliTad 2010 wels mSp-s mxolod 7,3%-s qmnis. es maCvenebeli calsaxad miuTiTebs soflis
meurneobaSi mwarmoeblurobis Zalze dabal doneze.
mzardi adgilobrivi moTxovnis miuxedavad, 2010 wlis agraruli seqtoris monacemebi wina wlebis
maCveneblebs mxolod mcirediT aRemateba. maSin rodesac, imave periodSi sxva dargebSi zrdam
gacilebiT maRali maCvenebeli Seadgina. kvebis mrewvelobis umTavresi problema saqarTveloSi
pirveladi sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis da misi Semdgomi gadamuSavebis mniSvnelovani gaum-
jobesebis ararsebobaa. am mxriv, yvelaze mTavari albaT is aris, rom qveynis xelisuflebisTvis
soflis meurneoba arasdros iyo prioritetuli dargi da am mimarTulebiT mizanmimarTuli da
kompleqsuri saxelmwifo politika da strategia dRemde ar SemuSavebula. Sesabamisad, ar arse-
bobs konkretuli RonisZiebebis erTiani gegma. Sedegad, soflis meurneobis seqtorma yvelaze na-
klebi transformacia ganicada sabazro urTierTobebis Camoyalibebisa da Semdgomi ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT, igi jer kidev efuZneba ZiriTadad mxolod wvril saojaxo glexur meurneobebs,
Zalze umniSvneloa soflad kooperaciis roli, jer kidev sakmaod didi masStabebiT aris Senar-
Cunebuli erTgvari sabWouri gadmonaSTebi, rogorc teqnikuri da teqnologiuri, aseve mentaluri.
Sedegad qveyanaSi wliTiwlobiT mcirdeba sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis warmoeba, saqarT-
velo TiTqmis mTlianad damokidebuli gaxda importze. bolo wlebis monacemebiT importiT
Semodis xorblis 92%, mcenareuli cximis – 83%, frinvelis xorcis – 76%, Saqris 65%, Ro-
ris xorcis – 65%, bostneulis 30%–ze meti. aRar mimdinareobs muSaoba jiSTa gamocdis da
meTesleobis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. yvelaze Tamami eqspertuli gaTvlebiT 2012 wels saqa-
rTveloSi sasoflo–sameurneo miwebis mxolod 40%–ia damuSavebuli. saqstatis informaciiT,
gasul wels 260,5 aTasi heqtari miwa damuSavda, rac bolo ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi yvelaze
dabali maCvenebelia.
rogorc yvela sxva sferoSi, xelisuflebis politika agraruli seqtoris ganviTarebis, soflad
mcxovrebi adamianebis daxmarebis TvalsazrisiT mxolod zogadi frazebiT da propagandiT
Semoifargleba. xelisuflebas ar aqvs mkafio gegma, ar arsebobs detaluri informacia da aravin
icis realurad ra Tanxaa saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoyofili soflis meurneobis ganviTarebi-
sTvis.
d. vaWroba
vaWroba da vaWrobis seqtorSi mimdinare reformebi calke aRebuli, SesaZloa bolo periodSi
ganxorcielebuli yvelaze warmatebuli reformebia. vaWrobis ganviTarebis statistika da din-
amika, kerZod ki, misi wili mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi Semdeg suraTs gviCvenebs: 2003 weli - 13.3%; 2005
weli - 11,9%; 2007 weli - 13,5%; 2009 weli - 13,0%; 2010 weli - 14,5%.
Tavisufali vaWrobis sistemis danergva, romelic dRes saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba, bunebrivia
misasalmebelia sazogadoebaSi keTildReobis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT. magram, amasTan erTad,
gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom grZelvadian periodSi mSp-sTvis ar arsebobs calke
aRebuli importis stimulirebis dadebiTi mxareebi, xolo saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebul poli-
tikas sworedac, rom mxolod importis stimulireba SeiZleba ewodos.
rogorc qveynis arsebuli sagadamxdelo balansis analizidan Cans, bolo wlebSi qveyanaSi ar aT-
visebula arcerTi axali saeqsporto seqtori avtomobilebis garda.
saqarTvelos didi SesaZleblobebi gauCnda evropis da amerikis bazarze sakuTari produqciis
saeqsportod. magram, es SesaZleblobebi da upiratesoba jer kidev ar aris srulfasovnad gamoy-
39
enebuli. bunebrivad, aqac saxelmwifos garkveuli maregulirebeli funqcis gamoyenebamde mi-
vdivarT, romelic man aucileblad unda Seasrulos.
saqarTvelos sakanonmdeblo garemo srul SesabamisobaSi unda movides evrokavSiris konkuren-
tul politikasTan. Tavisufali vaWrobis xelSekruleba (FTA) iseve, rogorc saqarTvelos
valdebuleba, romelic gansazRvrulia partniorobisa da TanamSromlobis xelSekrulebiTa (PCA)
da evropis samezoblo politikis xelSekrulebiT (ENP AP), moiTxovs, rom partnior qveynebSi
arsebuli kanonmdebloba Seesabamebodes evropul sistemas konkurenciisa da momxmarebelTa
uflebebis dacvis sferoSi.
3. finansebi
a. fiskaluri politika
erT-erTi mTavari im reformebs Soris, romlebic saqarTveloSi 2004 wlis Semdeg ganxorcielda,
iyo sagadasaxado sistemis da kerZod, sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis reformireba. deklarire-
buli liberaluri ekonomikuri kursis asaxvas xelisufleba sagadasaxado kodeqsis arsebul
normebze Seecada. 2004 wels miRebuli iqna axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi, romelic 2005 wlis
pirveli ianvridan amoqmedda da amiT, 1997 wels miRebuli sagadasaxado kodeqsi gaauqma. Sem-
cirda gadasaxadebis raodenoba da gadaidga rigi nabijebi sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcirebis
da optimizaciis kuTxiT. Tumca, Semdgomma praqtikam aCvena, rom axalma sagadasaxado kodeqsma
is molodinebi, rac mis miRebasTan dakavSirebiT xelisuflebasa da sazogadoebaSi iyo, praqtiku-
lad ver gaamarTla. aRniSnuli sami ZiriTadi mizeziT iyo ganpirobebuli:
• sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis liberalizacia Seexo gadasaxadebis arsebuli raodenobis da
ganakveTebis meqanikur Semcirebas, xolo sagadasaxado administrirebis nawili (sagadasaxado
kontroli da jarimebi) praqtikulad ucvleli da xisti darCa;
• sagadasaxado kodeqsi kvlav bundovani da Znelad gasagebi iyo mewarmeTa absoluturi umrav-
lesobisaTvis da igi kvlav iZleoda cnebebis da sagadasaxado procedurebis ormagi inter-
pretaciis saSualebas, rac fiskalur organoebs bunebrivad ubiZgebda subieqturi da xSir
SemTxvevaSi, mewarmeebisaTvis da zogadad biznesisTvis saziano gadawyvetilebebis miRebi-
saken;
• axal sagadasaxado kodeqsSi liberalur sagadasaxado politikis gatarebas, wesiT, sagadasaxa-
do tvirTis Semcireba unda mohyoloda, realurad ki sapirispiro Sedegi miviReT. magali-
Tad, Tu Semosavlebis xvedriTi wili mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi 2005 wels 24,2% iyo, 2008 wels es
maCvenebeli 30,4%-mde gaizarda.
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, 2010 wels xelaxla iqna miRebuli axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi,
romelic 2011 wlis pirveli ianvridan amoqmedda. axalma kodeqsma sagadasaxado miznebisaTvis
Semoitana mikro da mcire biznesis cneba, garkveuli TvalsazrisiT gaamartiva sagadasaxado aR-
ricxvis sistema da sagadasaxado angariSgebis (sagadasaxado deklarireba) procedurebi, davebis
ganxilvis meqanizmi, pirvelad Seiqmna da amoqmedda sagadasaxado ombudsmenis instituti. Tumca,
sagadasaxado kodeqsSi arsebuli e.w. TeTri laqebi da xarvezebi mxolod nawilobrivaa gamos-
worebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom kodeqsi 2011 wlis pirvel ianvars amoqmedda, xelisuflebam
ukve 2011 wlis pirvel kvartalSive daiwyo saubari axlad miRebul sagadasaxado kodeqsSi cvli-
lebebis da damatebebis Setanis Taobaze da rigi cvlilebebi ganaxorciela kidec. Tumca, qveynis
samarTaldamcav organoebSi arsebuli e.w. „nulovani tolerantobis“ principi erTgvari trans-
formirebuli saxiT biznesisadmic „nulovani tolerantobis“ principad Camoyalibda. yovelive
amis gaTvaliswinebiT, kvlav aqtualur Temebad rCeba:
• xisti sagadasaxado administrirebis sakiTxi da sagadasaxado kontrolis is meTodebi, rom-
lebic mniSvnelovnad zRudavs mewarmeebs srulfasovnad ganaxorcielon samewarmeo saqmi-
40
anoba (daluqvebis da sawarmoo procesis SeCerebis Tema). aseve, adre moqmed sagadasaxado
kodeqsTan SedarebiT sagrZnoblad gaizarda jarimebis raodenoba, xolo sajarimo sanqciebi
sagadasaxado darRvevebTan SedarebiT araadeqvaturad maRalia;
• subieqtivizmis momatebuli faqtoris gavlena fiskaluri organoebis mier gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis processa da procedurebze. anu, kvlav mniSvnelovnad maRalia sagadasaxado moxelis
adamianuri faqtori sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobis gamoyenebis ama Tu im sakiTxTan dakavSire-
biT. maT Soris, sawarmos funqcionirebis SeCerebis, sawarmoo da sasawyobo maragebis da-
luqvis, sajarimo sanqciis dadebis, saqonlis an/da momsaxurebis sabazro fasis gansazRvris,
sagadasaxado davis ganxilvis da gadawyvetis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT;
• sagadasaxado administrirebis da kontrolis meqanizmebis ganxorcielebis procedurebis
Sesaxeb bevri sakiTxi kvlav „sagadasaxado kodeqsis“ regulirebis miRma darCa da isev mraval-
ricxovani kanonqvemdebare normatiuli aqtebis (brZanebebi, instruqciebi, meToduri miTiTe-
bebi) regulirebis kompetencias warmoadgens. aRniSnuli ki, biznes seqtorisaTvis kidev ufro
bundovans da Znelad gasagebs xdis sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobas;
• fiskaluri organoebis xelSi salaro aparati kvlav sagadasaxado devnis da mewarmeTa dasjis
instrumentis funqciis matarebelia;
• warmoadgens ra aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis Semadgenel nawils, sagadasaxado ombudsmenis
kompetencia, uflebrivi da valdebulebiTi mdgomareoba sakmaod SezRudulia. sagadasaxado
ombudsmenis institutis arsebuli modeli calsaxad mikerZoebuli da naklebad efeqturia.
Sesabamisad, igi srulfasovnad ver asrulebs gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa uflebebis dacvis
funqcias;
• mikro da mcire biznesis statusi mxolod fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebul samewarmeo
saqmianobaze gavrcelda da realuri mcire da mikro („mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos ka-
noniT gansazRvruli sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebi) seqtori
faqtobrivad aRniSnuli statusis da masTan dakavSirebuli gamartivebuli sagadasaxado
reJimis miRma darCa.
b. sabiujeto politika
saqarTvelos 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujeti saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2011 wlis dekemberSi
iqna miRebuli da gaangariSebisas mxedvelobaSi iqna miRebuli 2011 wlisaTvis ekonomikuri gan-
viTarebis saprognozo parametrebi, kerZod: ekonomikuri zrda, fasebis cvlileba, sagadasaxado
politika da axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi, sagadasaxado administrirebis gaumjobeseba da sxva
faqtorebi.
ekonomikuri zrdis riski (deficiti) dabalansebulia saxelmwifo valdebulebebis zrdiT, rac
mniSvnelovan wilad damokidebulia ucxour kapitalsa da finansur nakadebze.
2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis ZiriTadi parametrebi (Semosulobebi, Semosavlebi, gadasaxdele-
bi da xarjebi Semdegi odenobiT ganisazRvra:
• saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi - 8040,0 milioni lari.
• m.S. Semosavlebi – 6839,4 milioni lari;
• saxelmwifo biujetis gadasaxdelebi - 7940,3 milioni lari.
m.S. xarjebi – 6554,3 milioni lari.
„saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanonSi 2012 wlis ganmavlobaSi ganx-
orcielebuli cvlilebebis Sesabamisad saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi da gadasaxdelebi
Camoyalibda Semdegi odenobebiT:
• saxelmwifo biujetis Semosulobebi - 8016,1 milioni lari.
• saxelmwifo biujetis gadasaxdelebi - 7915,4 milioni lari.
41
dasaxeleba 2010 wlis faqti 2011 wlis gegma 2012 wlis gegma
Semosulobebi 7,081,394.6 7,626,556.1 8,040,430.0
Semosavlebi 5,421,474.0 6,471,545.2 6,839,399.4
gadasaxadebi 4,592,367.6 5,775,000.0 6,300,000.0
grantebi 471,422.9 306,545.2 239,399.4
sxva Semosavlebi 357,683.4 390,000.0 300,000.0
gadasaxdelebi 6,972,343.7 7,569,732.2 7,940,430.3
xarjebi 5,466,466.8 6,029,421.0 6,554,288.3
Sromis anazRaureba 993,483.9 1,020,552.0 1,133,426.0
saqoneli da momsaxureba 881,586.6 924,387.0 918,801.6
procenti 200,663.3 284,620.3 335,358.0
subsidiebi 196,306.9 203,510.9 212,009.1
grantebi 1,099,637.0 1,252,331.4 1,185,748.9
socialuri uzrunvelyofa 1,481,067.6 1,580,670.9 1,691,160.9
sxva xarjebi 613,721.6 763,348.5 1,077,783.9
saoperacio saldo -44,992.9 442,124.2 285,111.1
wyaro: mof.ge
2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebi ganisazRvra 6839,4 milioni laris odenobiT (2011
weli - 6,471,5 milioni lari). zrda ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad gadasaxadebis gegmis zrdiT, rom-
lis safuZvelsac axali sagadasaxado kodeqsiT gansazRvruli zogierTi gadasaxadis ganakveTis
zrda warmoadgens. agreTve, dabegvris arealis gafarToveba, gamkacrebuli sagadasaxado admin-
istrireba da inflaciis maCvenebeli, romelic gansakuTrebiT arapirdapiri gadasaxadebis saxiT
misaRebi Semosavlebis zrdas uwyobs xels.
2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetiT gansazRvruli xarjebis nawili 6554,2 milioni lars Seadgens
(2011 wels - 6,029,4 milioni lari). Sesabamisad, 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis mTliani saldo
ganisazRvra - 285,1 milioni laris odenobiT.
saxelmwifo biujetis Semosavlebis da gadasaxadebis struqtura Semdeg saxes iRebs:
dasaxeleba 2011 weli 2011 wlis gegma 2012 wlis gegma
Semosavlebi 5, 421,474,0 6,471,545,2 6,839,399,4
gadasaxadebi 4,592,367,7 5,775,000,0 6,300,000,0
grantebi 471,422,9 306,545,2 239,399,4
sxva Semosavlebi 357,683,4 390,000,0 300,000,0
wyaro: mof.ge
gadasaxebi saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze 2,763,913,6 3,407,000,0 3,600,000,0
sayovelTao gadasaxadebi saqonelsa da
momsaxurebaze
2,203,093,2 2,786,000,0 3,036,000,0
dRg 2,203,093,2 2,786,000,0 3,036,000,0
aqcizebi 560,820,4 621,000,0 644,000,0
gadasaxadebi sagareo faqtorebisa da
sagareo-ekonomikuri operaciebze
70,382,9 92,000,0 108,000,0
importis gadasaxadi 70,382,9 92,000,0 108,000,0
sxva 63,103,0 39,000,0 45,000,0
wyaro: mof.ge
42
2011 welTan SedarebiT, 2012 wels gazrdilia biujetis Semosavlebis saprognozo moculoba
6471,5 milioni laridan 6839,4 milion laramde (zrda - 6,3%). 2012 wlis saqarTvelos saxelm-
wifo biujetis saprognozo gadasaxadebi gasul welTan SedarebiT gazrdilia 5775,0 milioni lari-
dan 6300,0 milion laramde (zrda - 10,5%).
zrda xarjebis TiTqmis yvela saxeobaSi fiqsirdeba, maT Soris, Sromis anazRaurebis nawilSi
zrdam 11% Seadgina, xolo socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebis nawilSi zrda mxolod 6%-ia.
gamodis, rom 2012 wlis biujetSi sajaro mosamsaxureebis Sromis anazRaurebis zrdis koeficien-
ti gacilebiT metia, vidre socialuri uzrunvelyofis xarjebis zrdis koeficienti. saxelmwifo
biujetis xarjebis nawilSi Sromis anazRaurebis zrdas ganapirobebs rogorc sajaro seqtorSi
axali saStato erTeulebis damateba, aseve Tavad Sromis anazRaurebis saSualo ganakveTis zrda.
bunebrivia, sajaro seqtorSi dasaqmebulTaTvis Sromis maRali anazRaureba da motivaciis faq-
tori Zalian mniSvnelovania. Tumca, sajaro finansebSi arsebuli problemuri mdgomareobis gaT-
valiswinebiT da e.w. „qamrebis SemoWeris“ politikis (Belth Tinghtening Policy) gatarebis aucile-
blobis pirobebSi, aseTi prioritetis gamokveTa aramizanSewonilia.
saqarTvelos 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis monacemebis Tanaxmad, mTlian SemosavlebSi ga-
dasaxadebis wili 91,1%-ia. aRniSnuli maCvenebeli 2011 wlisaTvis 89,6%–s, 2010 wlisTvis 84,6%-
s, 2008 wlisTvis - 81,8%-s, xolo 2005 wlisTvis ki, 70,5%-s Seadgenda.
mTlian gadasaxadebSi didi wili uWiravs arapirdapir gadasaxadebs (58%), xolo SedarebiT mcire
- pirdapir gadasaxadebs (42%). arapirdapir gadasaxadebSi udidesi wili damatebuli Rirebulebis
gadasaxadze modis da misi wili, rogorc wesi mTliani sagadasaxado Semosavlebis 48%-s Sead-
gens. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom savaWro balansSi importi stabilurad maRali xvedriTi wiliT
xasiaTdeba da adgilobrivi brunvis moculoba ki SedarebiT ucvlelia, dRg-s umetesi nawili
swored importis operaciebze modis. ukanasknel wlebSi erTgvar tradiciad iqna Camoyalibebu-
li, rom mobilizebuli dRg-s 2/3 swored importsa, xolo 1/3-s qveynis SegniT ganxorcielebul
miwodebas Soris nawildeba.
2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis dafinansebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi Semdegi prioritetebis
mixedviT aris ganawilebuli.
wyaro: mof.ge
2012 wlis biujetis ZiriTadi prioritetebi
43
socialuri xarjebis TvalsazrisiT 2012 wlis biujetSi zogierTi socialuri xarjis (pensia,
dazRveva, socialuri daxmarebebi) xvedriTi wili mTliani xarjebis struqturaSi Semdeg suraTs
iZleva.
wyaro: mof.gesayuradReboa 2012 wlis biujetis e.w. araklasificirebuli anu gauSifravi xarjebis xvedriTi
wilis zrdis tendencia wina wlis maCveneblebTan SedarebiT.
2010w. 2011w. 2012w.
xarjebi 5466466 60229421 6528243
araklasificirebuli xarjebi 613721 763348 1068283
xverdiTi wili % 11.2 12.7 16.4
Tu, araklasificirebuli, anu gauSifravi xarjebis xvedriTi wili mTlian xarjebSi 2010 da 2011
wlebis biujetisaTvis Sesabamisad 11,2% da 12,7%–s Seadgenda, 2012 wlis biujetSi am maCvene-
belma ukve 16,4%–s miaRwia. aRsaniSnavia, rom 2012 wlis saxelmwifo biujetis proeqtis pirve-
lad versiaSi xarjebis nawilSi araklasificirebuli, e.w. „sxva“ xarjebi mxolod 836 milion
lars , anu mTeli xarjebis 13,6%-s Seadgenda, rac biujetis miRebis Semdgom procesSi „da-
koreqtirda“ da 1 miliard 68 milion laramde gaizarda. maT Soris, araklasificirebuli anu
e.w. gauSifravi xarjebi sxvadasxva saministrosa da saxelmwifo uwyebis magaliTze Semdegnairad
gamoiyureba:
sul xarjebi sxva xarjebi wili%
sul 6528243 1068283 16,4
cesko 41685 9362 22,5
uzenaesi sasamarTlo 5790 537 9,3
infrastruqturis saministro* 968350 334990 34,6
ganaTlebis saministro 595000 430613 72,4
ltolvilTa saministro 34800 4245 12,2
soflis meurneobis saministro 119998 62627 52,2
energetikis saministro** 290338 77570 26,7
rogorc cxrilidan Cans, araklasificirebuli, anu gauSifravi xarjebis yvelaze maRali monacemi
ganaTlebis saministros (72,4%), soflis meurneobis saministros (52,2%) da infrastruqturis
saministros (34,6%) xarjebSi fiqsirdeba.
zogierTi socialuri xarjis wili xarjebis
mTlian struqturaSi (%)
44
g. saxelmwifo vali
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo biujetis deficiti saqarTvelos saxelmwifo valis warmoSobis um-
Tavresi safuZvelia. rodesac, qveynis sabiujeto Semosavlebis moculoba ufro mcirea, vidre
saxelmwifos valdebulebebi da xarjebi, qveynis xelisufleba iZulebuli xdeba aiRos saSinao Tu
sagareo vali da amiT daafinansos biujetis realuri deficiti.
2005 wlidan 2012 wlis saangariSo periodamde saqarTvelos mTliani sagareo vali zrdiT xasiaT-
deba da am maCvenebelma 2012 wlis dasawyisisaTvis 11 miliard 269 aTas aSS dolars, xolo 2012
wlis martis mdgomareobiT 11 miliard 398 aTas aSS dolars miaRwia.
wyaro: nbg.gesaqarTvelos mTavrobis sagareo valis statistika 2004–2012 wlebisTvis Semdeg suraTs iZleva.
wyaro: mof.ge
2004 wlidan qveynis xelisuflebis kursi mTavrobis sagareo valebis Semcirebaze iyo orientire-
buli da 2004 wlidan 2006 wlamde periodSi sagareo valis moculoba wlebis mixedviT saSualod
yovelwliurad 7%–iT mcirdeboda. 2006–2007 wlebSi ki stabiluri maCvenebliT xasiaTdeboda.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sagareo vali 2007 wlidan moyolebuli zrdis ukve didi maCvenebliT
xasiaTdeba. mxolod 2008 wels sagareo valis zrdam 61%, xolo 2009 da 2010 wlebSi Sesabamisad
- 23% da 22% Seadgina. 2011-2012 wlebSi zrdis maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad Semcirda, Tumca zrdis
tendencia SenarCunda.
45
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 (VI)
7% 46% 23% 22% 9% 3%
2010 wlis mdgomareobiT, mTavrobis sagareo valma mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi 24,5%, xolo saqarT-
velos mTlianma sagareo valma mSp–sTan mimarTebaSi 77% Seadgina. Tumca, sayuradreboa is gare-
moeba, rom aRniSnuli maCvenebeli klebis tendenciiT ar xasiaTdeba. saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi
arsebobs midgoma, rom zRvari, romlis zemoT sagareo valis moculobis zrdac ukve ekonomikur
zrdas mniSvnelovnad aferxebs, daaxloebiT mSp-s 50%-ia. imave midgomis mixedviT, analogiuri
zRvari, oRond eqsportis maCvenebelTan mimarTebaSi, 100-105%-ze gadis. saqarTveloSi ki, qvey-
nis mTliani sagareo vali eqsportis 516%-ia.
saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi Camoyalibda valiT valis dafarvis (gadafarvis) tendencia, rac
udaod mniSvnelovanwilad zrdis qveynis ekonomikis damokidebulebis xarisxs sagareo valze.
d. sagadamxdelo balansi
marTalia, qveynis savaWro brunva bolo wlebSi zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba, rac udaod dadeb-
iT tendenciad unda CaiTvalos. magram, amasTan, sayuradReboa is garemoebac, rom savaWro balan-
sis deficitis maCvenebelic mniSvnelovani zrdiT xasiaTdeba. 2004 wlidan 2012 wlamde, anu bolo
7 wlis ganmavlobaSi, savaWro balansis deficitis 4-jer gazrdili maCvenebeli miviReT.
sagareo vaW-
roba (milioni
aSS dolari)
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
sagareo savaW-
ro brunva
2492.4 3355.3 4613.8 4611.2 6444.3 7796.9 5633.9 9246.9
registrire-
buli eqsporti
(FOB)
646.9 865.4 936.1 936.4 1232.1 1495.3 1133.6 2189.1
registrire-
buli importi (CIF)
1845.5 2489.9 3677.7 3674.8 5212.2 6301.5 4500.2 7057.8
sagareo vaWro-
bis saldo
-1198.6 -1624.5 2741.5 -2738.5 -3980.0 -4806.2 -3581.2 -4868.6
wyaro: geostat.ge
ekonomikur zrdas saqarTveloSi bolo wlebSi moxmarebis sagrZnobi zrda ganapirobebs, rac im-
portis zrdiTaa ganpirobebuli. saqarTvelos ekonomika realurad ver uzrunvelyofs moTxovnis
Sesabamis miwodebas.
SesamCnevia, rom bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi praqtikulad ar Secvlila ZiriTadi saeqsporto
sasaqonlo jgufi. ar gaCenila axali sasaqonlo nomeknlatura, produqtebi da axali dargebi.
iseve, rogorc wina wlebSi, eqsportis struqturaSi kvlav Zalian maRalia saeqsporto saqonlis
koncentraciis done. dominirebs avtomobilebi, feroSenadnobebi, jarTi, Txili da sasuqebi.
mxolod am xuT sasaqonlo jgufze mTeli eqportis 46% modis da maT Soris, mxolod avtomo-
bilebze – 22%. Sesabamisad, realurad qveynis mTeli saeqsporto potencialis naxevarze meti
mxolod ramdenime sawarmoze modis.
ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciis wilobrivi monawileobis suraTi mTlian eqsportSi Semdegnai-
rad gamoiyureba.
46
wyaro: geostat.ge
ZiriTadi saimporto sasaqonlo jgufebi ki mTliani importis struqturaSi Semdegnairadaa
gadanawilebuli.
wyaro: geostat.ge
aq SedarebiT dabalansebulia importis struqtura da masSi mTavar sasaqonlo jgufebs navTob-
produqtebi, navTobis airebi, avtomobilebi, medikamentebi da xorbali warmoadgens. mxolod am
sasaqonlo jgufisTvis koncentraciis maCvenebeli eqsportis analogiur maCvenebelTan Sedar-
ebiT dabal, 30%-s Seadgens.
aRniSnuli analizi gviCvenebs, rom faqtobrivad, bolo wlebSi qveynis siRrmiseuli ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT bevri araferi Secvlila, anu TiTqmis ar gazrdila SromiTi resursebis gamoy-
enebis maCvenebeli, ar gazrdila Sromis mwarmoebluroba (romelic kapitalsa da aRWurvilo-
basTan uSualodaa kavSirSi), Sesabamisad, ar gazrdila adamianTa cxovrebis done. ekonomikur
saqmianobaSi xdeba tradiciuli savaWro, ZiriTadad ki, importze orientirebuli segmentebis
stimulireba da ver moxerxda axali seqtorebis, gansakuTrebiT ki, eqsportze orientirebuli
seqtorebis aTviseba.
sxva54%
ZiriTadi saimporto produqciis wili mTlian importSi 2012 wlisTvis
avtomobilebi 9%
navTobis airebi 4%
medikamentebi 3%
xorbali 2%
sxva 70%
navT. produqtebi12%
ZiriTadi saeqsporto produqciis wili mTlian importSi 2012 wlisTvis
avtomobilebi 22%
feroSenadnobebi 10%
sasuqebi 6%
Txili 5%
eT.spirti 3%
47
e. investiciebi
2004 wlis Semdgom periodSi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda qveyanaSi Semosuli pirdapiri ucxouri
investiciebis maCvenebeli, rasac ZiriTadad gamocxadebuli axali liberaluri kursi, fiskaluri
reJimebis gamartiveba da xelisuflebis mier warmoebuli saerTaSoriso piar kampaniebi ganapiro-
bebda.
2004 wlidan 2007 wlis CaTvliT qveyanaSi Semosuli investiciebi 499 milioni aSS dolaridan 2015
milion aSS dolaramde, anu 404%-iT gaizarda.
wyaro: geostat.ge
2008 wlis mesame kvartalSi saqarTveloSi sainvesticio aqtivoba mniSvnelovnad Semcirda, gansa-
kuTrebiT pirdapiri investiciebis maCvenebeli. Tu 2008 wlis pirvel da meore kvartalSi Sesa-
bamisad ganxorcielebuli iyo 430,2 da 525,2 milioni aSS dolaris investicia, mesame kvartalSi
ganxorcielebuli iqna mxolod 150,0 milioni dolaris investicia. 2008 wlis mesame kvartlis
monacemi gasuli 2007 wlis analogiuri periodis maCvenebels 339,1 milioni dolariT CamorCeba
da mxolod mis 30%-s Seadgens.
investiciebis Semcirebis tendencia aseve uSualod ukavSirdeba saqarTveloSi msxvili
saprivatizacio obieqtebis raodenobis Semcirebas an/da amowurvas, xolo mcire saprivatizacio
obieqtebi mniSvnelovan gavlenas ver axdenen mTlian sainvesticio portfelze. 2008 wlidan mom-
devno 2 wlis ganmavlobaSi pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebis moculoba samjer Semcirda da 2009
wlis mdgomareobiT mxolod 658 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina.
sayuradR eboa is garemoebac, rom xelisuflebas uWirs momdevno wlebis sainvesticio aqti-
vobis zusti gaTvla da efeqturi dagegmva. xelisuflebis gaTvlebi da prognozebi pirdapiri
ucxouri investiciebis 2009 da 2010 wlebis saprognozo monacemebTan dakavSirebiT praqtikulad
ver Sesrulda.
dadebiT tendenciad unda CaiTvalos 2010 da 2011 wlebis monacemebiT pirdapiri ucxouri in-
vesticiebis maCveneblis mcired, magram mainc zrda (Sesabamisad 23% da 20%). Tumca, pirdapiri
ucxouri investiciis maCveneblis zrdis paralelurad fiqsirdeba qveynidan gadinebuli kapi-
talis maCveneblis zrda. mxolod 2010 wels qveynidan gadinebulma kapitalis moculobam 200
milioni aSS dolari, 2011 wels 244 milioni aSS dolari, xolo 2012 wlis mxolod pirvel kvar-
talSi 116 milioni aSS dolari Seadgina.
pirdapiri ucxouri investiciebi 2004 -2010 wlebi
(milioni aSS dolari)
48
xelisuflebis mier dagegmili ekonomikuri stimulirebis paketidan da infrastruqturuli sa-
investicio politikidan gamomdinare, mTlian Sida produqtSi moxmarebis da saxelmwifo Sesyid-
vebis komponentebis procentuli wili mniSvnelovnad izrdeba, xolo investiciebis komponenti
mcirdeba, rac saboloo jamSi arasaxarbielo gadanawilebamde da Sesabamisad, arasaxarbielo
Sedegebamde migviyvans - warmoebis Seferxeba gazrdis eqsport-imports Soris uaryofiT saldos
da Sesabamisad, wminda eqsportis uaryofiTi maCvenebeli ufro gaizrdeba.
ekonomikis da biznesgaremos ganviTarebis zogadi koncefcia
1. ZiriTadi tendenciebi
saqarTvelos ekonomikis mdgradoba da qveynis mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
mniSvnelovan wilad damokidebulia gare faqtorebze, maT Soris, pirdapiri ucxouri investici-
ebis moculobaze, sagareo wyaroebidan mozidul sakredito resursebze (sagareo vali), saerTa-
Soriso grantebze, ucxoeTidan ganxorcielebuli fuladi gzavnilebis moculobaze da privati-
zaciis procesis ganxorcielebis Sedegad miRebuli Semosavlebis odenobaze. amis gamo, qveynis
ganviTarebaSi adgilobrivi SesaZleblobebis da resursebis srulfasovani gamoyeneba sagrZno-
blad SezRudulia, xolo maTi xvedriTi wili, ki - umniSvnelo.
ZiriTadad, ramdenime faqtori ikveTeba, romlebic uaryofiTad aisaxeba qveynis ekonomikur
ganviTarebaze, moqnili social-ekonomikuri sistemis Camoyalibebasa da jansaRi biznes garemos
Seqmnaze. kerZod:
• Warbi moxmarebis done - anu, kerZo da saxelmwifo moxmarebas mniSvnelovnad maRali wili
ukavia mSp-Si. Sesabamisad, miwodebis arsebuli done ver uzrunvelyofs moxmarebis dakmayo-
filebas da moxmareba-miwodebas Soris met naklebad optimaluri balansis dacvas. realurad,
Warbi moxmareba gulisxmobs, rom mSp-Si kerZo danazogebis wili Zalian dabalia da adgilo-
brivi investiciebis roli qveynis ekonomikur procesebSi mxolod nominaluria;
• biznesgaremo - gatarebuli rigi cvlilebebis da garkveuli biznes faqtorebis mkveTri
liberalizaciis fonze, kvlav aqtualuri rCeba bazarze Tavisufali konkurenciis uzrunve-
lyofis, seqtoruli monopoliebis, sagadasaxado administrirebis liberalizaciis, dekrimi-
nalizaciis (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta, ekonomikuri danaSaulisTvis
winaswari patimrobis gauqmeba, biznesze saxelmwifo teroris akrZalva, sadamsjelo da
Casafrebis politikis gatarebaze uaris Tqma), kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxeblobis da mcire
biznesis ganviTarebis stimulirebis Temebi;
• sagareo savaWro deficiti - Warbi moxmarebis meore uaryofiTi mxare. saqarTvelos ekonomika
2010 wlis monacemebiT, 76%-iT damokidebulia ucxour ekonomikebze. anu, qveyana sakuTari
sawarmoo simZlavriT moxmarebis mxolod umniSvnelo wilis dakmayofilebas axerxebs da dar-
Cenili 76%-is dabalansebas importis saSualebiT axdens. realurad, imis magivrad, rom qvey-
nis Warbi moxmareba adgilobrivi sawarmoo simZlavreebis gazrdas uwyobdes xels, igi impor-
tis mastimulirebel faqtorad gvevlineba. aseT pirobebSi, sargebels mxolod importiorebi
Rebuloben, xolo adgilobrivi da eqsportze orientirebuli warmoeba zaraldeba;
• dasaqmebis dabali done da migracia - realurad qveyanaSi ar iqmneba samuSao adgilebi,
radgan saqarTvelos ekonomika importze orientirebuli ekonomikis kategorias ganekuTvneba
da adgilobrivi warmoebis done sagrZnoblad CamorCeba moxmarebis dones. importze orien-
tirebuli ekonomika ki, realurad ver uzrunvelyofs dasaqmebis donis zrdas. xolo, qveynis
migraciuli nakadi erT milion adamianze metia, rac, iseTi patara qveynisTvis, rogoric saqa-
rTveloa, praqtikulad aqtiuri SromiTi resursis gareSe datovebis tolfasia.
49
2. ras efuZneba ganviTarebis koncefcia
koncefcia efuZneba qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebisaTvis da efeqturi biznesgaremos Camoyali-
bebaze orientirebul saSualovadian da grZelvadian periodSi gasatarebel RonisZiebebs, rom-
lebic uaxloesi 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda gatardes.
arsebuli mdgomareobisa da realobis gaTvaliswinebiT, qveynis umTavresi prioriteti miwodebis
stimurlirebis uzrunvelmyofi pirobebis Camoyalibeba da ganviTareba unda gaxdes, rac bune-
brivad miwodebis moculobis SesaZleblobebis zrdas, qveynis ekonomikis avtonomiur reJimSi
efeqtur funqcionirebas, safaso optimizacias, dasaqmebis donis zrdas da saboloo jamSi, mox-
marebis stimulirebasac gulisxmobs.
grZelvadiani strategiis umTavresi amocana liberalur, Tavisufali bazris principebze da-
fuZnebuli ekonomikuri da biznes garemos Camoyalibebaa, romelic Semdeg fundamentalur prin-
cipebs unda efuZnebodes:
• kerZo sakuTrebis xelSeuxebloba da uzenaesoba;
• saxelmwifos da saxelisuflebo organoebis mier biznesze teroris ganxorcielebis akrZalva;
• Tavisufali bazris da Tavisufali konkurenciis pirobebis dacva;
• minimaluri sajaro seqtori da misi kerZo seqtoris, biznesis kompetenciebSi Caurevloba;
• sajaro da kerZo seqtoris realuri gamijvna da maT Soris mkveTri zRvaris gavleba.
aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT, programuli prioritetebis qvakuTxeds ori ZiriTadi mimarTuleba
warmoadgens:
• ekonomikuri da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba;
• mcire biznesis ganviTareba da misi finansur resursebze wvdomis uzrunvelyofa.
3. ekonomikuri da biznesgaremos gaumjobeseba
saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri da biznes garemos gaumjobeseba mniSvnelovan wilad gansazRvravs, Tu
ra masStabebiT da ra tempebiT iqneba SesaZlebeli qveyanaSi ekonomikuri da biznes procesebis
Semdgomi ganviTareba da ramdenad srulfasovnad SeZlebs igi realuri zrdis da ganviTarebis
miRwevas.
efeqturi ekonomikuri politikis ZiriTadi prioriteti unda gaxdes mcire biznesis ganviTarebis
stimulireba da ara saxelmwifo ekonomikis principebis damkvidreba da ganviTareba.
amis umTavresi amosavali principi dafuZnebuli unda iyos kerZo sakuTrebis, kerZo garigebis
da konkurentuli garemos uzrunvelyofis sakonstitucio da sakanonmdeblo garantiebis Seqmnis
safuZvelze.
saxelmwifo minimaluri doniT unda Caerios biznesurTierTobebSi da Tavad biznesma, gansa-
kuTrebiT ki, mcire biznesma (mcire, saSualo da wvrili warmoeba) unda uzrunvelyos Semdegi
miznebis miRweva:
• dasaqmeba;
• adgilobrivi warmoebis moculobis zrda;
• realurad Tavisufali konkurenciis da faswarmoqmnis Tavisufali sabazro principebis uz-
runvelyofa;
• moTxovna-miwodebis balansis uzrunveyofa da dacva;
• dagrovebis stimulireba;
• moxmarebis stimulireba.
50
biznesgaremos gaumjobesebis da biznesis zrdis uzrunvelmyofi gadaudebeli RonisZiebebi da
strategia ramdenime ZiriTad blokad SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:
a. dekriminalizacia (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis SezRudva)
sakanonmdeblo doneze mniSvnelovnad unda SeizRudos saxelmwifos Careva biznesurTierTo-
bebSi. aseve, im saxelmwifo institutebis kompetenciis da uflebamosilebis farglebi, romlebic
pirdapir an/da iribad axorcieleben biznesis da biznes garigebebis kontrols.
aucilebelia biznesis dekriminalizaciis (biznesis sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis Sewyveta, eko-
nomikuri danaSaulisTvis winaswari patimrobis gauqmeba, biznesze saxelmwifo teroris akrZalva,
sadamsjelo da Casafrebis politikis gatarebaze uaris Tqma) ganxorcieleba. unda gaivlos
calsaxa zRvari kriminalsa da im qmedebebs Soris, romlebic biznesis mier arasworad an/da Sec-
domiT ganxorcielebul sagadasaxado aRricxva-angariSsworebiT gamowveul saxelmwifos mimarT
arsebuli valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis sakiTxebs ukavSirdeba. Tu, sawarmo SecdomiT an/da
aramizanmimarTulad ar ixdis gadasaxadebs an/da ver asrulebs saxelmwifo biujetisadmi kanoniT
gansazRvrul valdebulebebs, mis winaaRmdeg gamoyenebuli unda iqnas administraciuli jarimebi
da kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli administraciuli sanqciebi kuTvnili gadasaxadebis, jarimebis da
sauravebis gadaxdevinebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.
sisxlis samarTlebrivi devna unda ganxorcieldes mxolod kanoniT gaTvaliswinebul iseT gansa-
kuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, rogorebicaa:
1. erTi da igive mizeziT kuTvnili gadasaxadebis mravaljer gadauxdeloba;
2. sagadasaxado davalianebis gansakuTrebiT didi odenoba, rac ganisazRvreba 200000 lariT da
meti odenobiT.
mniSvnelovania, rom xelisuflebam uari Tqvas winaswari patimrobis Sefardebis praqtikaze im
pirebisTvis, vinc eWvmitanilia ekonomikuri danaSaulis CadenaSi an/da vis mimarTac ekonomikuri
danaSaulis CadenisTvis mimdinareobs gamoZieba.
aRniSnuli praqtikis danergva, Tu ar gamoricxavs, praqtikulad minimumamde daiyvans bi-
znesze saxelmwifos mxridan raime saxis zewolis an teroris ganxorcielebas, iZulebas da
gadawyvetilebebze subieqturi gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas.
sakuTrebis dacvisa da xelSeuxeblobis pirobebis uzrunvelyofa unda efuZnebodes Semdeg Ziri-
Tad pirobas - saxelmwifosTvis qonebis gadacemis, Cuqebis, memkvidreobiT gadacemis, aseve qonebis
eqspropriaciis procedurebi mniSvnelovnad unda garTules da im SemTxvevebis CamonaTvali,
rodesac dasaSvebi iqneba aRniSnulis ganxorcieleba, mkacrad unda iyos samarTlebriv (sakanon-
mdeblo) doneze gansazRvruli.
b. konkurenciis dacva
ekonomikuri da biznesgaremos gaumjobesebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponents Tavisufali
konkurenciis dacva da qveyanaSi srulfasovani antimonopoliuri, antitrastuli kanonmdeblobis
amoqmedeba warmoadgens.
am TvalsazrisiT programul prioritetebs warmoadgens:
• saqarTveloSi Tavisufali konkurenciisa da vaWrobis maregulirebeli sakanonmdeblo bazis
safuZvliani da Zireuli revizia, Sesabamisi sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebis an/da damatebebis
momzadeba da miReba;
51
• qveyanaSi srulfasovani antimonopoliuri da antitrastuli politikis gamtarebeli saelm-
wifo institutis - „Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagentos“ funqcionaluri reor-
ganizacia, misi kompetenciis, uflebrivi mdgomareobis da damoukideblobis xarisxis gazrda.
„Tavisufali vaWrobisa da konkurenciis saagento“ unda gamovides aRmasrulebeli xelisu-
flebis vertikalidan da misi angariSvaldebuleba ganisazRvros eqskluziurad mxolod saqarT-
velos parlamentis winaSe. Sesabamisad, saagentos xelmZRvanelis daniSvnis gadawyvetilebas
unda iRebdes saqarTvelos parlamenti;
• aqtiuri antimonopoliuri da antitrastuli politikis gatareba, rac qveyanaSi mizno-
brivi da maRali riskis matarebeli bazrebis aqtiuri kvleviT, Sesabamisi administraciuli
RonisZiebebis dagegmviT da am RonisZiebebis aRsrulebis procesze efeqturi monitoringis
ganxorcielebiT gamoixateba.
g. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba
qveyanaSi sagadasaxado administrireba kvlav mxolod sadamsjelo instrumentis funqcias asru-
lebs, rac gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulad mcire bizness, mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoo da
momsaxurebis sferoebs exeba.
saxelmwifosa da moqalaqes Soris, maT Soris saxelmwifosa da bizness Soris swori sagadasaxado
urTierTobis awyoba saxelmwifoebriobis myari fundamentis da warmatebis umTavresi pirobis
Seqmnas niSnavs. saqarTveloSi es fundamenti jer kidev ar Seqmnila da saWiroa sagadasaxado
sistemis Zireuli ganaxleba. sagadasaxado kanonmdebloba ara biznesis dasaWerad, dasasjelad an
dasaSineblad, aramed mis dasaxmareblad unda iqmnebodes. mimdinare atapze, aucilebelia ram-
denime principuli cvlilebis dauyovnebliv gatareba - efeqturi sagadasaxado administrirebis
sistemis Camoyalibeba da misi Semdgomi ganviTareba. aRniSnuli, iTvaliswinebs sagadasaxado
kanonmdeblobis mcire biznesis interesebze orientirebulobas da pirveli rigis Semdegi probl-
emuri sakiTxebis gadaWras:
• „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsis“, rogorc organul kanonad Camoyalibeba da misi am
statusis dafiqsireba „saqarTvelos konstituciaSi. aRniSnuli, minimumamde Seamcirebs saga-
dasaxado kanonmdeblobaSi xSiri, xandaxan subieqtur motivebze dafuZnebuli cvlilebebis
da damatebebis Setanis mankier praqtikas, stabilurobis da daculobis met gancdas gaaCens
biznes seqtorSi da saSualebas miscems maT grZelvadiani prognozebsa da gaTvlebis Sesa-
bamisad awarmoon samewarmeo saqmianoba. „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsSi“ cvlilebebis,
damatebebis da Sesworebebis Setana mxolod winasawari erTTviani sajaro ganxilvebis safuZ-
velze unda moxdes;
• kanonmdeblobiT unda ganxorcieldes Sesabamis saxelmwifo uwyebaTa da organoTa ufle-
bamosilebebis arealis mkveTri SezRudva;
• sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobaSi maqsimalurad unda gamoiricxos ormagad wakiTxvadi da rTu-
lad ganmartebadi debulebebis arseboba. aseve, Tavad „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsma“
unda moicvas sakiTxebis sruli speqtri da minimumamde Semcirdes is kanonqvemdebare norma-
tiuli baza (instruqciebi, brZanebebi), romliTac regulirdeba sagadasaxado urTierTobis
da gansakuTrebiT, sagadasaxado kontrolis sakiTxebi;
• sagadasaxado administrirebis komponentis liberalizacia, rac am etapze ukve ganxorciele-
bul gadasaxadebis raodenobis da sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcirebis Semdeg, sagadasaxado
kontrolis meqanizmebis Semcirebas da procedurebis gamartivebas gulisxmobs;
• gadamxdelTa SerCeviTi sagadasaxado kontrolis meqanizmis SemoReba, rac minimumamde Seamci-
rebs mewarmeebSi sagadasaxado SemowmebebTan da kontrolis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT
arsebul SiSs;
52
dabegvris reJimis gamartiveba, raTa mcire biznesisaTvis kuTvnili gadasaxadebis daangariSebis
da gadaxdis procedurebi iyos mniSvnelovnad gamartivebuli. es, sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs bi-
znesis, gansakuTrebiT ki, mcire da wvrili samewarmeo saqmianobiT dakavebul pirTa mier admin-
istrirebis da sabuRaltro momsaxurebaze gasawev danaxarjebs. kerZod, dabegvris saSeRavaTo
reJimis daweseba iTvaliswinebs:
1. mcire da wvrili sawarmoebisaTvis saxelmwifo registraciis pirvel wels mogebis ga-
dasaxadis gadaxdis da Sesabamisad, sagadasaxado deklarirebis wardgenis valdebulebisa-
gan ganTavisuflebas;
2. mcire da wvrili sawarmoebisaTvis saqmianobis meore da mesame wels mogebis gadasaxadis
arsebuli ganakveTis mxolod 50%-is gadaxdis valdebulebas.
amasTan, dabegvris aRniSnuli reJimi unda gavrceldes eqskluziurad mxolod Semdegi profilis
samewarmeo saqmianobaze:
1. soflis meurneobis produqtebis pirveladi warmoeba;
2. soflis meurneobis produqtebis gadamamuSavebeli warmoeba;
3. kvebis mrewvelobis produqciis warmoeba;
4. turizmi;
5. eqsportze orientirebuli warmoeba.
• sagadasaxado aRricxvisa da angariSgebis formebis gamartiveba. es imas niSnavs, rom mcire
biznesseqtorisaTvis da saSualo sawarmoo seqtorisTvis mniSvnelovnad martivdeba, xolo
wvrili da mcire sawarmoo da momsaxurebis sfero praqtikulad simboluri angariSgebis
praqtikaze gadadis, rac gulisxmobs wliuri sagadasaxado deklarirebis praqtikis SemoRebas.
anu, sagadasaxado deklarireba unda ganxorcieldes weliwadSi mxolod erTxel da isic ga-
martivebuli, mxolod erTi kombinirebuli deklaraciis wardgenis formiT. es mniSvnelovnad
Seamcirebs biznesis mxridan samewarmeo da aRricxva-angariSgebis procesSi Secdomis daSvebis
risksa da SesaZleblobas;
• biznesis, gansakuTrebiT mcire biznesis (mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebis) winaswari
daluqvebis, mimdinare saqmianobis SeCerebis da dayadaRebis praqtikis akrZalva, kanonmde-
blobiT mkacrad gansazRvruli erTeuli gamonaklisebis da e.w. gansakuTrebuli SemTxvevebis
garda. amasTan, sagadasaxado organoebisaTvis am procedurebis gatarebasTan dakavSirebuli
moqmedebebi kanonmdeblobiT unda iqnas maqsimalurad garTulebeli, xolo maTi uflebrivi
mdgomareoba - SezRuduli. samewarmeo saqmianobis daluqva, SeCereba da dayadaReba unda xde-
bodes mxolod sasamarTlos sanqciiT. da isic, roca:
1. sagadasaxado danaSauli da Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo biujetisadmi davalianeba gansa-
kuTrebiT did masStabebs aRwevs (magaliTad, sagadasaxado davalianebis gansakuTrebiT
didi odenoba, rac 200000 lariT da meti odenobiT ganisazRvreba);
2. sawarmo erTi da igive mizeziT ukve mravaljer ar ixdis kuTvnil gadasaxadebs.
• sagadasaxado organoebisaTvis salaro aparatis, rogorc sadamsjelo instrumentad gamoy-
enebis praqtikis akrZalva. salaro aparati da Ceki unda iqces biznesis damxmared da ara sax-
elmwifos mxridan mis sawinaaRmdego qmedebis ganxorcielebis da dasjis iaraRad. ekonomikis
da biznes gareomos gaumjobesebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli politikis prioriteti ar unda
iyos mewarmeze „Casafrebis“ da misi SecdomaSi Segnebulad, mizanmimarTulad Seyvanis poli-
tika;
53
• jarimebis sistemis Secvla. sajarimo sanqciebis gamoyeneba ar unda moxdes, Tu mewarme Sec-
domiT an winaswari gazraxvis gareSe uSvebs Secdomas kuTvnili gadasaxadebis gamoangariSeba-
sa da maT gadaxdasTan dakavSirebiT. jarimebis odenoba da ganakveTebi unda iyos danaSaulis
an/da darRvevis adeqvaturi da ar unda warmoadgendes biznesisTvis saqmianobis Sewyvetis an
SeCerebis risks da safuZvels. jarimebis gamoyeneba dasaSvebi unda iyos mxolod im SemTx-
vevaSi, Tu mewarme ar asrulebs sagadasaxado organoebis mxridan misTvis SecdomiT an wi-
naswari gazraxvis gareSe daSvebuli Secdomis gamosworebis moTxovnas an arRvevs aRniSnuli
moTxovnis gamosworebis vadebs. aRniSnuli praqtika unda gavrceldes salaro aparatebis
gamoyenebis arsebul praqtikazec;
• sagadasaxado davebis da gasaCivrebis praqtikis daxvewa. arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT saga-
dasaxado an/da sxva administraciuli organoebi mudmivad upirates mdgomareobaSi arian
Cayenebuli. maT SeuZliaT praqtikulad nebismieri sababiT Seaferxon, an saerTod SeaCeron
mewarmis saqmianoba. gasaCivrebis, saCivris ganxilvis da gadawyvetilebis miRebis praqtika
unda daefuZnos princips, sadac prioriteti mieniWeba bizness da ara sagadasaxado uwyebas.
d. biznes ombudsmeni
koncefciis mniSvnelovan komponents warmoadgens gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa da, zogadad biznesis
uflebebis dacvis sakiTxi. qveyanaSi biznes ombudsmenis institutis srulfasovan Camoyalibebasa
da misi saqmianobis efeqturobaze mniSvnelovan wilad aris damokidebuli, biznesgaremos gajan-
saRebis da Semdgomi ganviTarebis sakiTxi.
sagadasaxado ombudsmenis dRes arsebuli instituti naklebad efeqturia da mas realuri gav-
lenis moxdena mimdinare procesebze praqtikulad ar SeuZlia. es gansakuTrebiT mcire biznesis
(mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebis) problemebTan dakavSirebul sakiTxebs exeba. aRniSnuli
saxelmwifo instituciis Sedegze naklebad orientirebulobas da nakleb efeqturobas gansaz-
Rvravs Semdegi faqtorebi:
• ombudsmenis statusi. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT sagadasaxado ombudsmeni warmoadgens
aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis danamats, da misi rogorc damoukideblobis xarisxi, aseve uf-
lebrivi mdgomareoba mniSvnelovnad aris SezRuduli;
• interesTa konfliqti. sagadasaxado ombudsmeni praqtikulad axorcielebs zedamxedvelobas
im saxelisuflebo Stos saqmianobaze, romlis nawilsac Tavad warmoadgens. misi saqmianoba
regulirdeba da uflebrivi kompetencia gansazRvrulia „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kod-
eqsiT“ da sagadasaxado ombudsmens Tanamdebobaze niSnavs da Tanamdebobidan anTavisuflebs
saqarTvelos premier-ministri. es praqtika yovelTvis iZleva subieqturi gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis maRali rangis moxeleebis (magaliTad, prezidenti,
premier-ministri) mxridan masze gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas;
• uflebrivi mdgomareoba. sagadasaxado ombudsmeni mniSvnelovnad aris SezRuduli sakuTar
kompetenciebsa da uflebebSi da mas, praqtikulad aranairi samarTlebrivi gavlenis moxdena
sagadasaxado Tu sxva uflebebis darRvevis faqtebze ar SeuZlia.
yovelive amis gaTvaliswinebiT, qveyanaSi efeqturi da Sedegze orientirebuli biznes ombuds-
menis institutis uzrunvelsayofad aucilebel pirobebs warmoadgens arsebuli sagadasaxado om-
budsmenis institutis biznesombudsmenis realur da qmediT institutad gardaqmna, rac iTval-
iswinebs Semdegs:
• miRebuli iqnas kanoni „biznes ombudsmenis“ Sesaxeb, romelic gansazRvravs da uzrunvelyofs
aRniSnuli saxelisuflebo institutis damoukideblobis da miukerZoeblobis maRal xarisxs,
uflebriv kompetenciasa da mkacrad gansazRvrul valdebulebebs;
54
• biznesombudsmenis instituti unda gamovides aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis vertikalidan da
gavlenis arealidan. igi unda gaxdes damoukidebeli saxelisuflebo rgoli da misi angariS-
valdebuleba unda ganisazRvros eqskluziurad mxolod saqarTvelos parlamentis winaSe.
Sesabamisad, biznesombudsmenis daniSvnas da misi aparatis saqmianobaze zedamxedvelobas unda
axorcielebdes saqarTvelos parlamenti;
• biznes ombudsmens unda hqondes biznesis, gansakuTrebiT ki, mcire biznesis uflebebis dar-
Rvevis an/da SezRudvis SemTxvevebSi mimdinare procesebze, maT Soris sagadasaxado davebze
gavlenis moxdenis SesaZlebloba da rac yvelaze mTavaria, valdebuleba. aRniSnuli, unda
exebodes ara mxolod sagadasaxado davebs da gadasaxadis gadamxdelTa uflebebis darRvevis
sakiTxebs, aramed, mcire biznesisa da xelisuflebis urTierTobis uklebliv yvela aspeqts;
• biznesombudsmenis institutma unda SeiZinos saxelisuflebo, rogorc aRmasrulebel, ise
sakanonmdeblo organoebsa da mcire bizness Soris mediaciis funqcia. am mizniT, biznes om-
budsmenis aparatSi amoqmeddeba „biznes davebis sabWo“, romlis SemadgenlobaSi paritetul
sawyisebze Sevlen biznes ombudsmenis aparatis, sakanonmdeblo da aRmasrulebeli xelisu-
flebis, biznes gaerTianebebis, maT Soris mcire biznes gaerTianebebis da samoqalaqo seqto-
ris warmomadgenlebi. „biznes davebis sabWo“ ixilavs biznessa da saxelisuflebo organoebs
Soris warmoqmnil nebismieri saxis sadavo sakiTxs da Sesabamis rekomendacias aZlevs mxaree-
bs;
• mcire biznes interesebis dacvis uzrunvelsayofad biznesombudsmenis aparati aqtiurad unda
gamovides sasamarTlo organoebSi gansaxilvel saqmeebze.
4. mcire biznesi
dRes qveynis ganviTarebis mTavari prioriteti aris mcire biznesi da mcire mewarmeoba. mimdin-
are etapze yvelaze mniSvnelovania realuri partnioruli urTierTobebis Camoyalibeba saxelm-
wifosa da mcire bizness Soris.
msxvili biznesisTvis, ucxoa mcire biznesisTvis damaxasiaTebeli problemebi da sirTuleebi.
msxvil biznes hyavs lobi xelisuflebasTan urTierTobebSi, xeli miuwvdeba maRali xarisxis da
Zvirad Rirebul iuridiul, auditorul da sxva saxis sakonsultacio momsaxurebebze. aseve,
maTTvis mniSvnelovnad martivia sakredito resursebze wvdoma. mcire mewarmeebisaTvis es „sik-
eTeebi“ ki, praqtikulad xelmiuwvdomelia.
mcire biznesi da misTvis ganviTarebis xelsayreli biznes garemos Seqmna warmoadgens ZiriTad
programul prioritets. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTareba da zrda mniSvnelovan wilad
aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu ramdenad swrafad da srulfasovnad ganviTardeba qveyanaSi mcire
biznesi, anu mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoo da momsaxurebis sfero.
mcire biznesi Tavis TavSi mcire, saSualo da wvril sawarmoebs moicavs, romlebic yvela ganvi-
Tarebul qveyanaSi ekonomikur da biznes procesebSi dominantur rols TamaSoben. mcire biznesi
warmoadgens mosaxleobis ZiriTad damsaqmebels da ZiriTad socialur-ekonomikur regulators,
ZiriTadi socialuri garantiebis Semqmnel instruments.
dRes Tanamedrove msofloSi, ganviTarebuli qveynebis ekonomikis warmatebis erT-erT umTavres
safuZvels, swored mcire biznesi - mcire, saSualo da wvrili mewarmeoba warmoadgens. msofli-
oSi arsebuli biznes struqturebis absoluturi umravlesoba (evrokavSiri - 99,7%, aSS - 99,8%)
swored mcire sawarmoebze, mcire, saSualo da wvril warmoebaze modis, romelTa mier warmoe-
buli produqciis da momsaxurebis xvedriTi wili saerTo mSp-Si 50%-s da mets Seadgens. martivi
statistikuri monacemebi aRniSnuli tendenciis dasturad da sailustraciod:
55
wyaro: SBA/SME in Germany, IMF/Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform.
saqarTveloSi ki, am mxriv mniSvnelovnad gansxvavebuli suraTia (wyaro: geostat.ge):
• 2010 wels mcire biznesis xvedriTi wili mTlian brunvaSi mxolod 16%-s Seadgenda;
• 2010 wels kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebuli 335,3 aTasi kacidan mxolod 38%, anu 127,4 aTasi kaci
iyo dasaqmebuli mcire biznesSi.
•
mcire biznesis upiratesobebi da prioritetuloba Semdegi faqtorebiT xasiaTdeba:
• struqturuli moqniloba da marTvis operatiuloba;
• sabazro koniunqturisadmi, bazarze cvlilebebisadmi da momxmarebelTa moTxovnilebebisadmi
martivi adaptirebis unari;
• meti samuSao adgili / naklebi kapitali;
• stabiluroba da riskmedegoba;
• naklebi kapitaltevadoba;
• ZiriTadi damsaqmebeli;
• konkurenciis maRali done.
saqarTveloSi erTiani saxelmwifoebrivi xedva da politika mcire biznesis ganviTarebasTan
dakavSirebiT ar arsebobs. qveyanas ar gaaCnia „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis koncefcia“ da masTan
dakavSirebuli strategiuli gegma, romelic unda gansazRvravdes qveynis ZiriTad prioritetebs
da mcire mewarmeobis ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebel pirobebs. xelisuflebis yoveli axali inici-
ativa naklebad Tanmimdevrul, fragmentul da saerTo konteqstidan amovardnil xasiaTs atarebs
da Sesabamisad, naklebad aris Sedegze orientirebuli.
Tavad mcire biznesis statusic ki, gansazRvrulia mxolod „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsiT“
(Tavi XII, „saSemosavlo gadasaxadis specialuri dabegvris reJimi“) da isic, mxolod sagadasaxado
miznebisaTvis. masTan, arsebuli kanonmdeblobiT, saqarTveloSi mcire biznesad iTvleba mxolod
garkveuli kategoriis fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebuli ekonomikuri saqmianoba da real-
uri biznes seqtori, anu sxvadasxva organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmoebi (magaliTad:
Sps, kooperativi), avtomaturad aRniSnuli statusis miRma rCebian. qveyanaSi ar arsebobs raime
saxis specialuri institucia an/da regulacia, romliTac regulirdeba saxelmwifoebrivi poli-
tika mcire biznesTan mimarTebaSi.
evrokavSirSi kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa daaxloebiT 65% swored mcire da saSualo sawar-
moebSi dasaqmebulebze modis;
amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi bolo 3 wlis manZilze qveyanaSi Seqmnili 7 milioni samuSao
adgilidan 2/3 mcire biznesze modis;
germaniaSi qveyanaSi 4,4 milioni mcire sawarmoa da maTze kerZo seqtorSi dasaqmebulTa 70%
da qveynis dRg-s mTeli brunvis 40% modis;
didi britaneTSi qveynis 4,5 milioni kerZo sawarmodan absoluturi umravlesoba kerZo
sawarmoa. qveyanaSi dasaqmebulTa 60% da saqonlis mTeli brunvis 50% mcire da saSualo sawar-
moebze modis.
56
mcire biznesis prioritetulobis uzrunvelyofisa da misi ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli gare-
mos Seqmnis mizniT, aucilebelia qveyanaSi gatardes rigi samarTlebrivi da struqturuli re-
formebi, kerZod:
• unda Seiqmnas „mcire biznesis saagento“, romelic iqneba damoukidebeli saxelmwifo saagento.
igi aqtiur monawileobas miiRebs qveyanaSi mcire biznesTan dakavSirebuli saxelmwifo poli-
tikis SemuSavebaSi, koordinaciasa da monitorings gauwevs qveyanaSi mcire biznesTan da-
kavSirebul sakiTxebs da ganxorcielebul saxelmwifo politikas. msgavsi institutebi da
saxelmwifo regulacia sxvadasxva formiT msoflios mraval qveyanaSi warmatebiT funqcioni-
rebs. magaliTad, „mcire biznesis administracia“ (SBA - Small Business Administration) aSS-Si, „biznesis, sawarmoebis da reformebis departamenti“ (Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform) did britaneTSi;
• Seiqmnas „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis fondi“, romlis mizania qveyanaSi mcire biznesis ganvi-
Tarebisa da xelSewyobis mizniT specialuri sakredito da sainvesticio finansuri resursebis
akumulireba da miznobrivi programebis ganxorcielebis organizeba mcire biznesisTvis iafi
sakredito resursis miwodebis xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofis gziT;
• miRebul iqnas „ statusi mcire biznesis Sesaxeb“, romelic gansazRvravs mcire biznesis realur
statuss da daaregulirebs masTan dakavSirebul yvela samarTlebriv sakiTxebs. kerZod, mcire
biznesis statusi unda moicavdes mcire, saSualo da mikro sawarmoebs da aRniSnuli statusi
unda gavrceldes ara mxolod fizikuri pirebis mier ganxorcielebul ekonomikur saqmiano-
baze, aramed „mewarmeTa Sesaxeb“ saqarTvelos kanoniT gansazRvrul nebismieri organizaci-
ul-samarTlebrivi formis yvela sawarmoze. xolo, maTi diversificireba unda moxdes ganx-
orcielebuli saqmianobis masStabis da dasaqmebulTa ricxovnobis mixedviT:
1. mikro sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva ar aRemateba 50000 lars (maqsimaluri
dRiuri brunva 136,9 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri ricxovnoba ar aRe-
mateba 3 kacs;
2. mcire sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva Seadgens 50000 laridan 365000 laramde
(maqsimaluri dRiuri brunva 1000 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri ricxovno-
ba ar aRemateba 30 kacs;
3. saSualo sawarmo - romlis saSualo wliuri brunva Seadgens 365000 laridan 1 milion
laramde (maqsimaluri dRiuri brunva 2739,7 lari) da romelSic dasaqmebulTa maqsimaluri
ricxovnoba ar aRemateba 100 kacs.
• mcire biznesisTvis unda dawesdes sagadasaxado aRicxvis minimaluri da angariSgebis ga-
martivebuli reJimi. sagadasaxado deklarirebis praqtika unda iTvaliswinebdes fiskalur
organoebSi finansuri saqmianobis amsaxveli mxolod erTi deklaraciis da isic, mxolod
weliwadSi erTxel wardgenas;
• saWiroa damkvidrdes e.w. „mcire biznesis testis“ praqtika, rac gulisxmobs Semdegs - qveya-
naSi dagegmili nebismieri saxis sakanonmdeblo iniciativa, cvlileba an/da administraciuli
reforma gadis e.w. „mcire biznesis tests“, anu ramdenad exeba mosalodneli axali iniciati-
va, cvlileba an reforma mcire biznesis interesebs da xom ar uSlis xels an zRudavs qveya-
naSi mcire biznesis ganviTarebas. xelis SemSleli an SemzRudavi garemoebis aRmoCenis SemTx-
vevaSi, axali sakanonmdeblo iniciativa, cvlileba an reforma avtomatur reJimSi iblokeba.
aRniSnuli praqtika warmatebiT funqcionirebs evrokavSiris qveynebSi. kerZod: 2008 wels
evrokavSirSi miRebuli iqna „mcire biznesis aqti“, romelic swored zemoTaRniSnul principe-
bzea (Think First Small Principle) agebuli.
57
5. finansur resursebze xelmisawvdomoba
sakredito da sainvesticio resursebze xelmisawvdomobis problema warmoadgens qveyanaSi biznes
garemos gajansaRebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis erT-erT umTavres gamowvevas. mcire biznes seqtori-
saTvis, romelic Tavis TavSi mcire saSualo da wvril sawarmoo seqtors da momsaxurebis sferos
moicavs da qveyanaSi realurad mTavar damsaqmeblad unda gvevlinebodes, mniSvnelovnad aris
SezRuduli wvdoma sakredito da sainvesticio resursebze. aRniSnuli, umTavresad sami ZiriTa-
di faqtoriT aris ganpirobebuli. kerZod:
• sakredito da sainvesticio resursebis siZvire, rac mcire bizness saSualebas ar aZlevs
bazarze, isedac araTanabari konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi, konkurentuli da efeqturi
gaxados „Zviri“ finansuri resursi da misi gamoyenebiT warmoebuli produqcia an gaweuli
momsaxureba;
• sesxis da sainvesticio resursis miRebis procedurebis sirTule, rac uSualod ukavSirdeba
sabanko Tu sainvesticio institutebis mier biznes sesxebis gacemis an investiciebis ganx-
orcielebis garTulebul procedurebs da am procedurebTan dakavSirebul biurokratiul
barierebs;
• sesxis da sainvesticio resursebis moZiebis da mozidvis unarebis ar codna an/da arasakmari-
si kvalifikacia, rac bazrebis, produqtebis an momxmareblebis kvlevis sakiTxebTan, sasesxo
ganacxadis da sainvesticio proeqtebis kvalificiurad momzadebasTan, Sesabamisi biznes da
finansuri gaTvlebisa an dasabuTebebis momzadebasTan aris dakavSirebuli.
arsebuli sirTuleebis daZlevis saSualebas warmoadgens qveyanaSi specialuri instituciis
da sistemis Seqmna, rac swored zemoTaRniSnuli sami faqtoriT gamowveuli problemebis da-
regulirebaze iqneba orientirebuli. kerZod, qveyanaSi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piris
organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis „mcire biznesis ganviTarebis fondis“ (SemdgomSi, „fondi“)
Seqmna. aRniSnuli praqtika kargadaa aprobirebuli da warmatebiT gamoiyeneba dasavleTis mraval
ganviTarebul qveyanaSi, rac mniSvnelovnad uwyobs xels am qveynebSi mcire biznesisaTvis iaf fi-
nansur resursebze wvdomis amaRlebas, mcire biznes saqmianobis dawyebis (Start Up) gamartivebas
da Sesabamisad maTi saqmianobis efeqturad ganxorcielebas.
fondis sami ZiriTadi mizania:
• mcire da saSualo biznesis ganviTarebis da zrdis stimulireba;
• damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis stimulireba;
• eqsportze orientirebuli warmoebis stimulireba.
fondis amocanebia:
• mcire biznesis (mcire, saSualo, wvrili sawarmoebi) ganviTarebis xelSewyobisa da saqmianobis
dawyebis (Start Up) xelSemwyobi garemos Seqmnis mizniT, specialuri miznobrivi programebis
ganxorcielebis organizeba mcire biznesisTvis iafi sakredito da sainvesticio resursis,
finansuri resursebis akumulirebis da miwodebis xelsayreli pirobebis uzrunvelsayofad;
• mcire biznesisTvis specialuri biznes-inkubatorebis Seqmna maTTvis Sesabamisi biznes un-
arebis amaRlebis, biznes da samarTlebrivi konsaltingis ganxorcielebis, sainvesticio da
sxva saxis biznes proeqtebis, finansuri gaTvlebisa da dasabuTebebis kvalificiurad momza-
debis, marketinguli kvlevebis Catarebis da am kvlevebze xelmisawvdomobis mizniT.
fondis damfuZnebeli da mis finansur valdebulebebze pasuxismgebeli aris saxelmwifo.
58
fondis finansuri wyaroebia:
• saxelmwifo biujetis miznobrivi transferi - „saxelmwifo biujetis Sesaxeb“ kanoni gansaz-
Rvravs fondis saqmianobis pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo biujetis yovelwliuri
Semosavlebis 1%-is miznobrivad mimarTvas fondis sabrunavi kapitalis (ZiriTadad sakredi-
to kapitalis) formirebaze, rac yovelwliurad saSualod 70 milion lars, xolo 5 wlis
ganmavlobaSi 350 milion lars Seadgens;
• fondis grZelvadiani sasesxo valdebulebebis (obligaciebi) emisia, romelic gamyarebuli
iqneba saxelmwifo garantiiT. emisia ganxorcieldeba yovelwliuri tranSebis saxiT 5 wlis
ganmavlobaSi da wliuri emisiis moculoba iqneba saSualod 60 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis gan-
mavlobaSi 300 milion lars Seadgens;
• saerTaSoriso donorebisgan mcire biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis moziduli Tanxebi. finansuri
resursis mozidva ganxorcieldeba yovelwliuri tranSebis saxiT 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi da
weliwadSi moziduli finansuri resursis moculoba iqneba 30 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis gan-
mavlobaSi 150 milion lars Seadgens.
Sedegad fondis sabrunavi kapitali iqneba weliwadSi 160 milioni lari, rac 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi 800
milion lars Seadgens.
fondi axorcielebs mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis marTvas. Tavad
fondis finansuri saxsrebis operaciul marTvas anu, sesxebis an sainvesticio Tanxebis gacemas
fondis mier winaswar gansazRvruli wesebisa da pirobebis Sesabamisad axorcieleben Sesabamis
saxelmwifo tenderSi gamarjvebuli sabanko da sxva finansuri institutebi. kerZod: bankebi, mik-
rosafinanso organizaciebi, sainvesticio kompaniebi.
fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis farglebSi gasacemi
sakredito da sainvesticio produqtebis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia:
• mikro sesxi - 0-dan 3 aTas laramde;
• mcire sesxi - 3 aTasidan 25 aTas laramde;
• saprocento ganakveTi - wliuri 6%-mde ;
• dafarvis periodi - 3-dan 24 Tvemde. maT Soris, erT welze xangrZlivi sakredito xelSek-
rulebebisaTvis sesxis dafarvis 3 Tviani saSeRavaTo periodiT;
• miznobrioba - ZiriTadi kapitalis SeZena, sabrunavi kapitalis Sevseba, salizingo operaciebi,
marketinguli kvlevebi da kampaniebi;
saerTaSoriso
donorebisgan
moziduli
Tanxebi
fondis
grZelvadiani
sasesxo
valdebulebebi
mcire, saSualo
da wvrili
sawarmoebi
saxelmwifo
biujetis
miznobrivi
transferi
mcire
biznesis
fondi
59
• prioritetuloba - warmoeba, momsaxurebis sfero, sasoflo sameurneo produqtebis pirve-
ladi warmoeba da sasoflo sameurneo produqtebis gadamuSaveba, eqsportze orientirebuli
saqmianoba;
• ar dafinansdeba - Tambaqosa da alkoholuri sasmelebis warmoeba, azartuli TamaSebis orga-
nizeba da saTamaSo biznesi, importis operaciebi, garda ZiriTadi saSualebebis SeZenisa.
fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebis da xelSewyobis proeqtebis farglebSi SesaZlebelia
yovelwliurad saSualod 10000 proeqtis ganxorcieleba, rac 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi 40000 mcire bi-
znesproeqts Seadgens. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom fondis mier ganxorcielebulma TiToeulma mcire
biznesproeqtma SesaZlebelia damatebiT saSualod 4 samuSao adgili Seqmnas, mosalodnelia mxolod
mcire biznesSi wlis ganmavlobaSi damatebiTi 40000 samuSao adgilis Seqmna, rac 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi
160000 damatebiT samuSao adgils Seadgens.
fondis marTva:
• fondis saqmianoba efuZneba gamWvirvalobis da sajaroobis princips;
• fondis marTvas ganaxorcielebs 12 wevrisagan Semdgari sameTvalyureo sabWo, romlis Semad-
genlobas amtkicebs saqarTvelos parlamenti.
• fondis sameTvalyureo sabWoSi qvotebi nawildeba Semdegi proporciiT: sakanonmdeblo xe-
lisuflebis warmomadgenlebi - 2 wevri; aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi - 2
wevri; mcire biznesis saagento - 1 wevri; biznes ombudsmenis aparati - 1 wevri; saqarTvelos
sabanko asociacia - 1 wevri; mikrosafinanso organizaciebis asociacia - 1 wevri; biznes aso-
ciaciebis warmomadgenlebi - 4 wevri.
• fondis sameTvalyureo sabWo yovelwliur angariSs abarebs saqarTvelos parlaments da igi
eqvemdebareba yovelwliur savaldebulo sajaro gamoqveynebas.
fondis mier mcire biznesis ganviTarebisa da qveyanaSi samewarmeo unarebis srulyofa-ganvi-
Tarebis mizniT iqmneba regionaluri biznes inkubatorebi, romlis saqmianobis ZiriTadi mimar-
Tulebaa mcire biznesisTvis (mcire, saSualo da wvrili sawarmoebi) adgilebze Semdegi saxis
momsaxurebis gaweva:
• sakonsultacio momsaxureba biznesis organizebisa da dawyebis samarTlebriv sakiTxebze;
• sakonsultacio momsaxureba sagadasaxado aRricxvisa da angariSgebis sakiTxebze;
• sakonsultacio momsaxureba sainvesticio da sxva proeqtebis, sabanko da sxva finansuri in-
stitutebidan sesxis misaRebad saWiro aucilebeli finansuri gaTvlebisa da dasabuTebebis
kvalificiurad momzadebis sakiTxebze;
• sakonsultacio momsaxureba bazrebis, produqtebis da momxmareblebis marketinguli kv-
levebis Catarebis sakiTxebze.
60
Tavi V. 21-e saukunis qarTuli sofeli
saqarTvelos soflebSi mosaxleobas umZimes pirobebSi uwevs cxovreba. aSkarad TvalSisacemia,
rom soflad cxovrebis done bevrad CamorCa qalaqSi cxovrebis dones da es Zalian mZimed aisaxe-
ba mosaxleobis yoveldRiur yofaze. samwuxarod, saqarTvelos soflebis umetesobaSi ar igrZno-
ba, rom civilizebuli samyaro 21-e saukuneSi cxovrobs da misi uaxlesi miRwevebis sikeTiT
sargeblobs. saqarTvelos soflebSi jer kidev me-19 saukunea da mosaxleoba miwas xarebiT
xnavs, ar aqvs gza, gazi, wyali. soflad cxovrobs axalgazrda Taoba, romlisTvisac interneti
miuwvdomeli fufunebaa. soflis mcxovrebTaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia jandacva, misi didi nawili
socialurad daucvelia da uamrav problemas awydeba, roca kuTvnil finansur daxmarebas an
samedicino dazRvevis poliss iTxovs.
sofelSi aseT viTarebas ganapirobebs is, rom glexs ar aqvs miwis damuSavebis saSualeba: Zalian
Zviria sawvavi, ar aros sakmarisi raodenobiT traqtori. dRes sul 600 erTeuli traqtoria, maSin
roca qveyanas minimum 5000 cali traqtori mainc sWirdeba. aseve Zalze Zviria da mosaxleoba ver
yidulobs sasuqs, Sxam-qimikatebs.
soflebis miwebi, saTibebi, saZovrebi ekonomikis saministros sakuTrebaa da ara TviTon soflis,
amitom ise iyideba, sofeli verc gebulobs.
soflebSi aRar aris sawarmoebi, romlebic adre iyo - ferma, mefrinveleobis an Cais fabrika, sa-
saTbure meurneoba, saxerxi saamqro.
arc erT politikur Zalas, arc erT etapze, qarTuli sofeli farTomasStabiani kampaniis sagnad
ar uqcevia. Cven movaxerxeT, sofeli gveqcia qarTuli politikis dominantur Temad da vaiZu-
leT xelisufleba da sxva politikuri Zalebi, rom am mimarTulebiT meti Zalisxmeva gamoeCinaT.
Cven gagvaCnia soflad krizisuli situaciis daZlevis da qarTuli soflis aRorZinebis deta-
lurad gawerili programa, romlis ganxorcielebac momaval parlamentSi 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi
CvenTvis erTerTi umTavresi sazrunavi iqneba.
glexs xelis Sewyoba unda. amitom Cven pirvel rigSi glexisTvis da fermerisTvis fulze xelmi-
sawvdomobisaTvis SevqmniT „sasoflo banks“, saidanac isini kredits aiReben TiTqmis uprocen-
tod (wliuri 4 %).
soflad glexi unda dasaqmdes. xeli unda SevuwyoT fermerebs, mewarmeebs soflebSi aaSenon
mefrinveleobis fabrikebi, fermebi, yvelis mini-qarxnebi, saxerxebi, da a.S. TiTo sawarmo yovel
sofelSi unda iyos.
unda gavaiafoT sawvavi, romelic glexs miwis damuSavebisTvis sWirdeba. am mizniT sasoflo-
sameurneo daniSnulebis sawvavi unda gaTavisufldes dRg-sgan da aqcizis gadasaxadisgan. traq-
torisTvis da sxva sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikisTvis gankuTvnili sawvavi unda iyos markirebu-
li, anu hqondes sxva Seferiloba da amiT unda iqnas acilebuli Tavidan sxva tipis manqanebisTvis
misi gamoyeneba. am SemTxvevaSi erTi litri dizelis fasi 55-60 TeTriT gaiafdeba.
Cven gamovediT winadadebiT jer kidev saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi quTaisis satraqtoro
qarxanaSi daiwyos traqtorebis warmoeba da qveyanaSi misi raodenoba 5000 erTeulamde gaizardos.
yvela sofels unda hyavdes traqtori.
saxelmwifom unda gadauxados glexs sasuqis safasuris nawili, ise, rogorc es mezobel TurqeTSia.
pirvelive kanoni, romelsac “axali memarjveneebi” parlamentSi SevitanT iqneba kanoni soflis
Sesaxeb, romelic sofels daukanonebs Tavis saTibs, saZovars, saxnav-saTes miwebs.
61
soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis da soflad cxovrebis donis amaRleba unda iyos qveynis prioriteti.
soflis mosaxleobam ara marto unda irCinos Tavi, aramed SeZlebulad unda icxovros.
qveynis sasicocxlo arteria - intensiuri soflis meurneoba
istoriulad, saqarTvelo agraruli qveyanaa, Tumca xelisuflebis, saqmiani wreebis an inves-
torebis mcire nawils Tu miaCnia ase. qveynis ZiriTadi kursi mimarTulia iqiTken rom, saqarT-
velo gadaiqces regionis saerTaSoriso finansur centrad, Seasrulos evropisa da aziis damaka-
vSirebeli satransporto da energoderefnis funqcia da aseve, warmoadgendes turistebisaTvis
erT-erT yvelaze mimzidvel adgils. saboloo mizans warmoadgens Camoyalibdes diversificire-
buli ekonomika sruli dasaqmebiT da muSaxelisaTvis mimzidveli anazRaurebiT, rac siRaribis
aRmofxvris sawindaria.
realurad, qveynis ekonomikis transformaciis gzaze soflis meurneobis ugulebelyofa mcdari
politikaa. es TvalnaTliv dadasturda 2011 wlis pirvel naxevarSi, rodesac msoflio bazrebze
sursaTis fasebis mniSvnelovanma (30%-iT da metiT) zrdam gaamwvava inflaciuri procesebi da
safrTxe Seuqmna saqarTvelos finansur stabilurobas.
miuxedavad bolo aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi miRweuli ekonomikuri zrdisa da struqturuli re-
formebisa, winsvla saTanadod ar aisaxa qveynis mosaxleobaze. siRaribis da umuSevrobis maCvene-
blebi kvlav stabilurad maRalia saqarTveloSi. erT-erTi potenciuri saSualeba am problemis
aRmofxvrisaTvis aris soflis meurneobis ganviTareba, romelsac didi potenciali gaaCnia.
sabWoTa mmarTvelobis periodSi soflis meurneobis warmoeba gaizarda 10-jer. saqarTvelo erT-
erTi mowinave iyo am sferoSi, 1980–ian wlebamde dargSi warmoebis moculoba yovelwliurad
10%-iT izrdeboda. soflis meurneobis eqsporti imports 70%-iT aWarbebda. seqtorSi daaxloe-
biT 700 000 adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli, rac Seadgenda mTliani samuSao Zalis 25%-s. kvebis gada-
mamuSavebel mrewvelobaSi ramdenime aTeuli aTasi adamiani iyo dasaqmebuli.
damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdgom samoqalaqo omebma da politikurma arastabilurobam didi
ziani miayena soflis meurneobis seqtors:
cxirili #1: soflis meurneoba: ekonomikuri monacemebi
weli daTesili
farTobi
cocxali pi-
rutyvi
% dasaqmebaSi damatebuli
Rirebuleba
mSp-Si
mSp-s %
1990 701 900 ha 4 287 000 25,2 - 29,7
1995 453 100 ha 2 104 300 30,6 2,771 mlrd 41,7
2000 610 800 2 166 000 52,1 1,448 mlrd 20,2
2005 539 600 2 539 600 54,3 1,626 mlrd 16,8
2008 329 300 1 735 600 55,3 1,551 mlrd 8,1
2010 275 300 1 049 400 55 1,518 mlrd 7,3
wyaro: saqstati
1990 wlisaTvis sursaTis da soflis meurneobis produqciis eqsporti importis mxolod 25%-s
Seadgenda, maSin rodesac 2005 wels igi 70%–s aRwevda, xolo 1990 wels – 170%–s. paradoq-
sia, magram 2000 wlidan soflis meurneobaSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaormagda, maSin rodesac
am periodidan daiwyo ekonomikis diversifikacia da sapirispiro tendencias unda hqonoda ad-
62
gili. mTeli rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT dReisaTvis soflis meurneobis seqtorSi Seqm-
nili damatebiTi Rirebuleba 13 wlis win Seqmnili damatebiTi Rirebulebis naxevarze naklebia.
msoflio bankis monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi, soflis meurneobis produqtiuloba Seadgens 1872
aSS dolars weliwadSi, rac bevrad Camouvardeba ara mxolod ganviTarebuli qveynebis analo-
giur maCveneblebs, aramed postsabWoTa qveynebis umravlesobis maCveneblebsac. aRsaniSnavia isic,
rom statistikis erovnuli samsaxuris monacemebiT sasoflo-sameurneo produqtebis realiza-
ciidan miRebuli Semosavlebis wili ojaxuri meurneobebis fulad SemosavlebSi mxolod 6%–s
Seadgens, anu soflis meurneobis warmoebis 94% gankuTvnilia sakuTari moxmarebisaTvis. Tavis
mxriv Sinameurneobebis wili mTlian naTes farTobebSi Seadgens 94%-s, rac imas niSnavs, rom bi-
znesinteresi dargis mimarT TiTqmis nulis tolia.
dabalefeqtianoba problemis mxolod nawili iqneboda dargSi arsebuli viTarebisa, soflis
meurneobis seqtorSi muSaxelis naxevarze meti rom ar iyos dasaqmebuli. oficialuri statis-
tikiT saqarTveloSi 850 000 kacia dasaqmebuli soflis meurneobaSi. mavanma SeiZleba idaos
am monacemebis sizusteze, magram faqtia, rom soflad mcxovrebi muSaxelis umravlesobas ar
gaaCnia dasaqmebis alternatiuli saSualeba. ukanasknel periodSi gamoikveTa saSiSi tendencia:
saqarTvelos mTel rig regionebSi soflis meurneoba imdenad dabalSemosavliania, rom xSir
SemTxvevaSi mosaxleoba uars ambobs miwis damuSavebaze da urCevnia siRaribis zRvars qvemoT
aRmoCeniT gauCndes Semosavlis alternatiuli wyaro - umweoTa daxmareba.
qvemoT CamoTvlili da gaanalizebulia is faqtorebi, ramac gamoiwvia aseTi savalalo mdgo-
mareoba soflis meurneobaSi.
a. investiciebi
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi ukve ori aTeuli welia mniSvnelovani investiciebi ar ganxor-
cielebula. 1992 wlidan moyolebuli irigaciis sistemam moSla daiwyo. sarwyavi miwebis
saerTo farTobi amis gamo 552 000 heqtaridan 290 000 heqtaramde Semcirda arada irigacia da
melioracia erT-erTi mTavaria mosavlianobisaTvis.
am periodis ganmavlobaSi ganadgurda soflis meurneobis teqnikis umetesoba. amortizirebuli
sabWoTa teqnika ver iZleva warmoebisTvis saWiro efeqts, amasTan, mTavrobis Tu donorebis
mier dafinansebuli programebiT Semoyvanili teqnikis raodenoba mcirea. sabWoTa kavSiris
daSlis Semdgom soflis meurneobis produqciis gadamamuSavebeli manqana - danadgarebis da
produqciis Sesanaxi macivrebis umravlesoba ganadgurda an jarTad iqna Cabarebuli aseve iqna
ganadgurebuli satransporto qseli, infrastruqtura da mowyobilobebi, rac zrdis bazarze
produqciis moxvedris danaxarjebs.
b. ruseTis faqtori
ruseTis embargom, romelic produqciis gasaRebis tradiciul bazars warmoadgenda mniS-
vnelovani ziani miayena soflis meurneobas. 2005 wlis bolodan aikrZala xilisa da bostneulis,
xolo 2006 wlis dasawyisidan – Rvinisa da mineraluri wylebis eqsporti. 2006 wels saqarT-
veloSi eqsporti 115 milioni dolariT Semcirda, saidanac daxloebiT 2/3 soflis meurneobis
produqciaze modis. mcire gamococxleba SeiniSnebo da 2008 wlamde, romelic Sewyda ruseT-
saqarTvelos omis da saerTaSoriso finansuri krizisis gamo. seriozuli problemebi Seqmna
omis Sedegad Sida qarTlisTvis miyenebulma zianma, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze produqtiuli
regionia saqarTveloSi. araoficialuri eqsporti, romlic samxreT oseTis da afxazeTis gav-
liT, farulad xorcieldeboda ruseTSi Sewyda administraciul sazRvarze samxedro kontrolis
gaZlierebis gamo. ruseTis bazris dakargvas grZelvadiani Sedegebi eqneba am dargisTvis.
63
g. mTavrobis politika
mTavrobas gaaCnia sami fundamenturi amocana: moaxdinos qveynis modernizeba, moaxdinos aq-
tivebis da servisebis privatizacia da Seqmnas xelsayreli biznes garemo. 2011 wlamde soflis
meurneoba ar warmoadgenda mTavrobis prioritets. Tumca mTavrobis mxridan iyo calkeuli, arc
Tu warmatebuli mcdelobebi, Sexmianeboda soflis meurneobis sferoSi arsebul problemebs:
e.w. „iafi kreditis“, “burebis” Camosaxlebis programebi, sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis, nav-
Tobproduqtebisa da sasuqis darigeba soflad warmoadgenda erTjeradi xasiaTis mcdelobebs,
romelic gaTvlili iyo populistur Sedegze da ar isaxavda raime seriozuli cvlilebebis dawye-
bas am dargSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi aseTi programebis ganxorcieleba zrdis sabiujeto danaxarjebs,
aCens inflaciur molodinebs da praqtikulad nulovani efeqtis momtania.
mTavrobis mier soflis meurneobis ugulvebelyofa sabiujeto maCveneblebiTac mtkicdeba. ru-
seTis mier embargos SemoRebis Semdgom dargis dafinanseba gaizarda, Tumca umniSvnelod. 2011
wels saerTaSoriso bazrebze produqciis gaZvirebamde, mTavrobis finansuri gaTvlebiT soflis
meurneobis saministros dafinansebas 2013 wlisaTvis unda Seedgina 18.2 mln lari, anu biujetis
mxolod 0,4%.
d. soflis meurneobis saministros SesaZleblobebi
saministros ar Seswevs unari gaumklavdes dargSi arsebul gamowvevebs. uwyebas ar gaaCnia
strategia an politikis dokumenti. saministroSi, iseve rogorc mTlianad mTavrobaSi, xSiria
ministrebis cvla, rasac mosdevs xedvis cvlileba da aparatis reorganizacia. bolo 5 wlis man-
Zilze saministros personali Semcirda 70%-iT da funqciebis nawili gadaeca kerZo seqtors (mag.
veterinaruli da fitosanitaruli samsaxurebi).
e. ganaTleba, kvleva da konsultaciebi
am mimarTulebiT saqarTveloSi dRes mxolod mciredi keTdeba. mTavrobis xedvaa, rom es
mTlianad kerZo biznesis saqmea da saxelmwifos Carevas ar saWiroebs. soflis meurneobaSi
Catarebuli mcirericxovani kvlevebi ar aris dakavSirebuli sferoSi arsebul problemebTan an
prioritetuli mimarTulebebis gamovlenasTan. Semcirda sasoflo–sameurneo profilis profe-
siuli saswavleblebis raodenoba, agrarul universtitets gaaCnia moZvelebuli teqnikuri da
teqnologiuri saSualebebi da mwiri dafinanseba. profesiuli momzadebis/gadamzadebis centrebi,
romelic qveyanaSi funqcionirebs an ar iZleva safuZvlian codnas da es codna arasakmarisia.
aseve, ar aris naTlad Camoyalibebuli Tu rogor gauweven dargisTvis momzadebuli speciali-
stebi daxmarebas/momsaxurebas fermerebs. Sesabamisad, fermerebis umetesoba sakuTari Tavis da
codnis imedad aris mitovebuli arsebul problemebTan gasamklaveblad.
v. daavadebebi
soflis meurneobis dargi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi seriozulad dazaralda epidemiebiT, ro-
gorc memcenareobis, aseve mecxoveleobis sferoSi. sazRvrebze fito-sanitaruli kontrolis
gauqmebam, iseve rogorc veterinaruli servisebis dafinansebis Sewyvetam dramatulad imoqmeda
seqtorze. marTalia, qaTmis gripi saqarTveloSi masobrivad ar gavrcelebula, magram man Seam-
cira frinvelis moxmareba 2007-2008 wlebSi. samagierod, afrikuli Roris Wirma, romelic 2008
wels gavrcelda qveyanaSi, dramatulad Seamcira Roris suladoba da saqarTvelo ramdenime wliT
damokidebuli gaxada importze. memcenareobis seqtorSi farTod gavrcelda mRrRnelebi, ka-
liebi, e.w.” TeTri pepela” da sxvadasxva saxis parazituli daavadebebi da maT winaaRmdeg erTiani
brZolis gareSe calkeuli fermerebis mier ganxorcielebuli erTjeradi intervenciebi ara-
produqtiulia.
64
z. kreditebis xelisawvdomoba
miuxedavad finansur saxsrebze didi moTxovnisa, soflis meurneobis sferosTvis kreditebi
praqtikulad xelmiuwvdomelia. saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis monacemebiT, 2011 wlis ivlisis
mdgomareobiT komerciul bankebs 6 TveSi gacemuli aqvT 812 milioni laris sesxi iuridiul
pirebze, sadac soflis meurneobis wili mxolod 3 milioni laria, anu mTeli Tanxis mxolod
0,3%. komerciuli bankebis dabali interesi seqtoris mimarT aixsneba maRali riskiT soflis
meurneobaSi, aseve naklebi mimzidvelobiT iseT seqtorebTan mimarTebaSi, rogoricaa mSenebloba
an vaWroba da finansuri Suamavloba. amas, aseve, emateba fermerebis (gansakuTrebiT wvrili)
uunaroba SeimuSavon gamarTuli biznes gegma, an sxva saTanado dokumentacia.
T. dazRveva
miuxedavad imisa, rom sadazRvevo seqtori bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi sakmaod swrafad viTarde-
ba saqarTveloSi, soflis meurneobis seqtori sadazRvevo kompaniebisTvis ar aris mimzidveli.
amis mizezia soflis meurneobaSi stiqiuri ubedurebebis sixSiriT gazrdili riskebi da dargis
dabali produqtiuloba.
i. miwa
1992 wlidan saxelmwifom daiwyo miwaze sakuTrebis uflebis gadacema qalaqad da soflad
macxovrebelTaTvis. sakuTrebaSi gadasacemi sasoflo sameurneo miwis mTliani fondi Seadgenda
763 000 heqtars. soflad mcxovrebT SexvdaT saSualod 1.25 heqtari, xolo qalaqad macxovreb-
lebs – kidev ufro naklebi. 464 000 heqtari darCa saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi, romlisgan 299 000
heqtari ijariT gaica fermerebze. darCenili 165 000 heqtari darCa saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi da
sargeblobaSi. saboloo jamSi, 2005 wlisaTvis fermerTa sargeblobaSi imyofeboda daaxloebiT 1
000 000 heqtari sasoflo–sameurneo miwa. 2005 wels Catarda sasoflo sameurneo miwebis aRwera
da gamovlinda rom 726 021 pirs aqvs mflobelobaSi miwa, romlis saSualo farTobi aris 1,37 heq-
tari. daaxloebiT 140 000 pirs aqvs miwa mflobelobaSi, romlis farTobi 0.2 heqtarze naklebia.
damatebiT, 360 000 piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli miwa 1 heqtarze naklebia. daaxloebiT 16 000
fermers aqvs 4 heqtari da meti miwa mflobelobaSi, rac mTeli sasoflo sameurneo miwis 40%-s
Seadgens.
rogorc monacemebidan Cans, sasoflo sameurneo miwa Zalian danawevrebulia. patar-patara
nakveTebi araefeqturia sasoflo sameurneo warmoebis TvalsazrisiT, aseve miwis nawili mocde-
nilia Sida gzebis da damakavSirebeli bilikebis gamo. wvrili fermerebisTvis sasoflo-sameur-
neo teqnikis an sameurneo novaciebis SeZena/danergva ararentabeluria.
zemoT moyvanili problemebis gamo, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis mniSvnelovani nawili daumuSavebe-
lia. amasTan, sagadasaxado kodeqsis Tanaxmad, 5 heqtaramde miwis mflobelebi ganTavisuflebuli
arian gadasaxadebisagan, rac mflobelebs ar uCens motivacias ijariT gascen an sulac gankargon
gamouyenebeli miwa.
k. fermerebi
wvrili fermerebi mTeli rigi gamowvevebis winaSe dganan. fermerebs uWirT: a) aiRon krediti
gonivruli saprocento ganakveTiT, b) SeiZinon maRali xarisxis Tesli, g) Seisyidon teqnika da
mowyobilobebi, romlis gamoyeneba mcire farTobze, rogorc wesi, ararentabeluria, d) miiRon
informacia agrarul sferoSi Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb, e) moaxdinon sakuTari produqciis
marketingi.
65
am problemis daZlevis erT-erTi gza iqneboda fermeruli kooperativebis Seqmna. Tumca, ro-
gorc mTavrobaSi, aseve fermerebSi kooperativi iwvevs sabWoTa kolmeurneobis asociacias da
mis mimarT negatiuri damokidebulebaa. aRsaniSnavia is garemoebac, rom sagadasaxado kodeqsi
mniSvnelovan SeRavaTebs iTvaliswinebs fizikur pirebze, romlebic dasaqmebulni arian soflis
meurneobaSi. garda 5 heqtramde miwaze arsebuli qonebis gadasaxadze SeRavaTisas, sasoflo-
sameurneo warmoebaSi dasaqmebuli piri gaTavisuflebulia mogebis gadasaxadisgan Tu erTobli-
vi Semosavali wliurad ar aRemateba 200 000 lars. sasoflo sameurneo warmoebaSi dasaqmebuli
piri mTlianad aris gaTavisuflebuli damatebuli Rirebulebis gadsasaxadisagan (garda ramden-
ime saxis produqciis, mag kvercxis warmoebisas).
samwuxarod, soflis meurneobaSi dawesebuli sagadaxado SeRavaTebi ar vrceldeba iuridiul
pirebze. Sesabamisad, fermerebis mier kooperativebis an amxanagobebis dafuZneba aramomgebiania.
1. soflis meurneobis Camoyalibeba biznesisTvis mimzidvel dargad
a. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba
mizanSewonilia saSemosavlo da damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadiT fizikur pirTaTvis gansaz-
Rvruli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi gavrceldes iuridiul pirebzec. es xels Seuwyobs soflis
meurneobis biznesdargad Camoyalibebas.
damatebiT, is iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic uSualod soflis meurneobis pirveladi produqciis
warmoebaSi ganaxorcieleben 500 000 larze metis investicias, 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi gaTavisufl-
debian mogebis gadasaxadisagan, agreTve soflis meurneobis pirveladi produqciis gadama-
muSavebel warmoebaSi investiciis ganxorcielebis SemTxvevaSi - mogebis gadasaxadisagan.
analogiuri meTodi saxelmwifom ukve gamoiyena turizmis sferoSi qobuleTis da baTumis turis-
tul zonebSi, ramac xeli Seuwyo mis ganviTarebas.
aRsaniSnavia, rom SemoTavazebuli sagadasaxado SeRavaTebis SemoReba ar gamoiwvevs sagadasaxado
Semosavlebis Semcirebas, vinaidan individualuri fermerebi, romlebic soflis meurneobis
produqciis 95%–s awarmoeben, isedac gaTavisuflebulni arian gadasaxadebisagan.
b. sakredito resursis xelmisawvdomoba
soflis meurneobis seqtorSi investiciebis mosazidad mniSvnelovania sakredito resursis
gaiafeba. wvrili da saSualo fermerebis sakredito resursebze xelmisawvdomobisaTvis saxelm-
wifo biujetSi mizanSewonilia gamoiyos saxsrebi, romelic moaxdens sabanko procentis mTli-
anad an nawilobriv subsidirebas.
amasTan, Cveni azriT, mxolod sakredito resursis gaiafeba glexuri meurneobebisTvis Sedegs
ver gamoiRebs. wvrili fermerebi, romelTac miwis mxolod mcire farTobi gaaCniaT, ver moax-
erxeben efeqtiani sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis Camoyalibebas. amasTan, miwis damuSavebis,
produqciis Senaxvis, transportirebis danaxarjebi mcire fermers gacilebiT did tvirTad
daawveba. aseve, maRalia riski miRebuli saxsrebis aradaniSnulebisamebr gamoyenebisa. glexur
meurneobebs gauWirdebaT gamarTuli biznes gegmis Sedgena da Sesabamisad dafinansebis mopoveba.
SeRavaTiani sakredito resursi, pirvel rigSi, xelmisawvdomi unda gaxdes fermeruli gaerTiane-
bebisaTvis, romlebic dafuZndebian amxanagobebad an kooperativebad. amasTan, pirvel etapze,
gaerTianebebis dafuZnebis xelSewyobisTvis maTi sajaro registracia ufaso unda iyos. SeRava-
66
Tiani kreditebi prioritetulad gamoeyofa im fermerul gaerTianebebs, romelTac mflobelo-
baSi aqvT 40 heqtari da meti miwa, hyavT 40 da meti msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvi da aerTianebs
minimum 2 da met fermers. maRalmTian regionebSi es moTxovnebi SeiZleba ufro naklebi iyos.
fermeruli gaerTianebebi SeRavaTian sesxebs miiReben komerciuli bankebidan, saTanadod Sedge-
nili ganacxadis da gaangariSebuli biznes gegmebis safuZvelze. SeRavaTiani sesxi unda gaices
Semdegi miznobriobiT:
1. sasoflo-sameurneo samuSaoebis warmoeba, maRalproduqtiuli Teslis, sakvebis, Sxam-qimi-
katebis SeZena;
2. fermis mowyoba;
3. sasaTbure meurneobis mowyoba;
4. produqciis Sesanaxi centris (maT. Soris macivrebis) mowyoba.
unda aRiniSnos, rom saxelmwifos iniciativa – Seiqmnas msxvili sawyobebi produqciis Sesanaxad,
araefeqturia. pirvel rigSi aseTi saxis sawyobebi orientirebuli iqneba umetesad importire-
buli produqciis dasawyobebaze, vinaidan fermerebisTvis aseT centrebSi sakuTari produqciis
transportirebis da dasawyobebis xarjebi sakmaod maRali iqneba. mniSvnelovania, rom fermerebs
sakuTari produqciis Senaxva SeeZloT fermasTan axlos da ara ramdenime aTeuli kilometris
moSorebiT.
sasaTbure meurneobebis ganviTareba mniSvnelovania uwyveti (da ara sezonuri) sasoflo-sameur-
neo ciklis CamoyalibebisaTvis saqarTveloSi. dargs unda SeeZlos produqciaze adgilobrivi
moTxovnis 70-80%-is dakmayofileba mTeli wlis manZilze. sasaTbure meurneobebis energiis
wyarod SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnas Termuli wylebi, agreTve mzis da qaris energia. saqarTvelos
iafi energiis wyaroebis mxriv udidesi potenciali gaaCnia.
fermeruli meurneobebis xelSewyobisa da maTTvis SeRavaTiani kreditebis xelmisawvdomobisaT-
vis unda SemuSavdes saxelmwifo programa, romlic moaxdens sabanko procentis subsidirebas
mTlianad an nawilobriv. sasurvelia, fermerul meurneobebze gaices weliwadSi 50-60 milioni
laris kreditebi. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT saprocento ganakveTs, romelic 30%-ia da viangariSebT,
rom saxelmwifo sabanko procentis 2/3-is subsidirebas moaxdens pirveli 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
es saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba sul 50 milioni lari, anu weliwadSi sul 12.5 milioni lari.
g. dazRveva
dazRveva farTod gamoiyeneba soflis meurneobaSi aSS-s, evropis, laTinuri amerikis, aziis
da afrikis umetes qveyanaSi. miuxedavad imisa rom msoflioSi dazRvevis mravalgvari sistemaa
aprobirebuli (mosavlis, Semosavlis, mosavlianobis, fasebis da a.S), pirvel etapze saqarT-
veloSi mizanSewonilia stiqiuri movlenebis winaaRmdeg dazRvevis Camoyalibebaa. mxedvelobaSi
gvaqvs setyva, wyaldidoba, qariSxliT, xanZrebi da am tipis bunebrivi movlenebi. statistikuri
monacemebi mowmobs, rom saqarTveloSi mosavlianobaze amindi 50% da metad axdens gavlenas.
rac Seexeba mecxoveleobas, aq ZiriTadi riski epidemiuri daavadebebia. imisaTvis, rom soflis
meurneobaSi dazRvevis sistema Seiqmnas ori pirobis dakmayofilebaa aucilebeli. pirvel rigSi,
dazRvevam unda moicvas fermerTa (rogorc mecxoveleobaSi, aseve memcenareobaSi dasaqmebuli)
mniSvnelovani raodenoba, raTa sadazRvevo Senatani ar iyos Zalian maRali. meore rigSi, saxelm-
wifom unda ikisros aqtiuri roli sadazRvevo sistemis CamoyalibebaSi, gansakuTrebiT pirvel
etapze. aRsaniSnavia, rom soflis meurneobis dazRvevis sistemaSi yvela qveyanaSi saxelmwifo
aqtiur rols TamaSobs.
soflis meurneobaSi dazRvevis sistemis Camoyalibeba unda moxdes vauCeruli sistemis gamoy-
67
enebiT. sadazRvevo vauCerebma unda moicvas mTeli qveyana, pirvel etapze ramdenime sapilote
regioni. soflis meurneobis sadazRvevo vauCerebma unda moicvas sadazRvevo xarjebis minimum
50%-is anazRaureba. xarjebis danarCeni 50% fermerebis, glexebis TanamonawileobiT daifareba.
imisaTvis, rom kuponis ganaRdeba moxdes, fermerebma is unda warudginon sadazRvevo kom-
paniebs. Tavis mxriv, sadazRvevo kompaniebi daafiqsireben, Tu ra saxis produqciis moyvanas
gegmaven fermerebi, ra farTobze da ramdeni tona mosavlis aRebaa navaraudevi.
eqspertuli gaTvlebiT sadazRvevo xarjebma memcenareobaSi SeiZleba Seadginos 55 lari 1
heqtarze (mosavlis Rirebulebis 5,5%), xolo mecxoveleobaSi – 80 lari 1 sul msxvilfexa
saqonelze (pirutyvis Rirebulebis 8%). Tu dazRvevis xarjebis naxevars saxelmwifo dafaravs, es
weliwadSi Seadgens savaraudod 81,25 milion lars (1 milioni heqtari saxnav-saTes miwaze da 1 mil-
ioni msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze gaangariSebiT).
sadazRvevo sistemis amoqmedeba moawesrigebs soflis meurneobis statistikas; xelmisawvdoms
gaxdis dargSi dasaqmebul fermerTa, gamoSvebuli produqciis raodenobis Sesaxeb informacias.
d. sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyoba
Tu ar CavTvliT meRvineobis seqtors, dReisaTvis sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadama-
muSavebeli sawarmoebi TiTze CamosaTvlelia. xSir SemTxvevaSi fermerebi moweul Warb mosavals
TviTRirebulebaze nakleb fasadac yidian, vinaidan ar arsebobs produqciis gasaRebis alterna-
tiuli saSualeba. amave dros, samomxmareblo bazarze Warbad aris msoflios mravali qveynidan
importirebuli bostneulis Tu xilis konservi. mTavrobis politika am sferoSi unda efuZne-
bodes adgilobrivi gadamamuSavebeli sawarmoebis xelSewyobas. am mizniT sasurvelia is biznes-
menebi, romlebic daafuZneben sasoflo - sameurneo produqciis gadamamuSavebel sawarmoebs, 4
wlis vadiT gaTavisufldnen yvela tipis gadasaxadisagan.
e. Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi
saqarTveloSi Sxam-qimikatebi da pesticidebi fermerTa umravlesobisaTvis xelmiuwvdomelia. es
ganpirobebulia, erTis mxriv, maRali fasiT, rasac xels uwyobs sferoSi monopoliis arseboba,
romelic ZiriTadad importzea damokidebuli. meores mxriv, Sxam-qimikatebis da pesticidebis
gasaRebis centrebi ar aris ganTavsebuli municipalitetebis umravlesobaSi, rac kidev ufro aZvi-
rebs fass transportirebis xarjebis gamo.
saxelmwifo politika am segmentSi unda waaxalisos konkurenciam. vinaidan Sxam-qimikatebis da
pesticidebis didi nawili importirebulia, maqsimalurad konkurentuli pirobebi unda Seiqmnas
am produqciis SemotanisTvis. saxelmwifom konkurenciis xelSewyobis saagentos meSveobiT, aseve
aqtiuri monitoringi unda ganaxorcielos Sida bazarze arsebul sabiTumo fasebze.
Sxam-qimikatebsa da pesticidebze fermerebisaTvis xelmisawvdomobis gazrdis mizniT saxelmwi-
fom unda gaataros saboloo fasis CamoyalibebaSi Tanamonawileobis politika – myidvelisT-
vis, romelic produqcias ar iZens reeqsportis mizniT, saxelmwifos Tanadafinansebis xarjze
miRweuli unda iqnas fasis mniSvnelovnad Semcireba. Sxam-qimikatebze da pesticidebze fasebis
30-40%-iT Semcirebis mizniT saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos yovelwliurad 12.5 milioni
lari.
Sxam-qimikatebsa da pesticidebze xelmisawvdomobis zrdasTan erTad mniSvnelovania xarisxis kon-
troli, raTa Tavidan iqnes acilebuli vadagasuli an uxarisxo saSualebebis qveyanaSi Semotana.
am mizniT saxelmwifom unda gaaZlieros xarisxis kontroli da ganaxorcielos Sxam-qimikatebis
da pesticidebis importiori da distributori kompaniebis produqciis serTificireba.
68
am RonisZiebebis gatarebisTvis saxelmwifo biujetidan unda gamoiyos yovelwliurad daaxloe-
biT 13.2 milioni lari.
v. sawvavi
sawvavze, gansakuTrebiT dizelis sawvavze maRali fasis gamo, sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis
teqnikiT damuSaveba glexuri da wvrili da saSualo fermeruli meurneobebisaTvis xelmiuwvdo-
melia. am problemis mogvarebis mizniT mniSvnelovania saxelmwifos aqtiuri Careva da fermer-
TaTvis SeRavaTebis daweseba. migvaCnia, rom sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebiT importirebuli
sawvavi unda gaTavisufldes damatebuli Rirebulebis da aqcizis gadasaxadebisagan, rac mniS-
vnelovan SeRavaTs miscems fermerebs. soflis meurneobisaTvis gankuTvnili sawvavis aradaniS-
nulebisamebr gamoyenebisgan Tavis aridebis mizniT produqti unda daeqvemdebaros specialur
markirebas. garda amisa, markirebuli sawvavi unda gaiyidos specialur qselSi, raTa Tavidan
iqnas acilebuli misi aradaniSnulebiT gamoyeneba. sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi gazrdis sawvavis mox-
marebas soflis meurneobaSi da mniSvnelovan danakargs ar moutans saxelmwifo biujetis Semo-
savlebs.
2. soflis meurneobis infrastruqturis gaumjobeseba
a. samelioracio sistemebis reabilitacia
reabilitaciis programam miznad unda daisaxos sabWoTa periodisTvis arsebuli sistemis re-
abilitacia. reabilitirebulma sistemam unda moicvas 469 000 heqtari irigirebuli saxnav-saTesi
da 163 000 heqtari drenaJirebuli saxnav-saTesi farTobi.
reabilitaciis programa savaraudod moicavs 4-5 wels da Semdeg komponentebs:
1. irigaciis sistemis reabilitacia
2. drenaJis sistemis reabilitacia
3. mdinareTa napir-samagri da irigaciis sistemis reabilitacia.
2001 wels msoflio bankis SefasebiT, am sistemis reabilitacias sWirdeboda 30 mln aSS dolari.
inflaciis gaTvaliswinebiT, sistemis reabilitacias dasWirdeba 50-55 mln aSS dolari, anu, daax-
loebiT 80 milioni lari. savaraudod, yovelwliurad irigaciis da drenaJis sistemis reabilita-
ciisTvis unda gamoiyos saxelmwifo biujetidan 20 milioni lari.
b. sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacia
ukve 15-20 weliwadia am mimarTulebiT araferi gakeTebula. saxelmwifo da adgilobrivi mniS-
vnelobis saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitaciasTan erTad mniSvnelovania savargulebTan misasv-
leli gzebis reabilitaciac. xSir SemTxvevaSi es gzebi mewyrebis da didi xnis mouvlelobis gamo
Zalian cud mdgomareobaSia da savargulebTan misvla gansakuTrebiT maRali gamavlobis mqone
teqnikis gareSe rTulia.
problemis gadawyvetis mizniT aucilebelia saxelmwifo biujetidan, etapobrivad, 4 wlis gan-
mavlobaSi gamoiyos specialuri transferi municipalitetebisaTvis, romelic unda moxmardes
savargulebTan misasvleli gzebis reabilitacias da movla - Senaxvas. am mizniT saxelmwifo
biujetidan 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi unda gamoiyos 60 milioni lari, anu 15 milioni lari - yovelw-
liurad.
69
g. meqanizacia
sursaTis warmoebis gazrdis mizniT aucilebelia sasoflo-sameurneo manqana- danadgarebis aR-
Wurvilobis SeZenisa da momsaxurebis centrebis Seqmnis xelSewyoba. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi arsebu-
li parki 7 aTasamde erTeuls iTvlis, saidanac 70%-ze mets gasuli aqvs eqspluataciis vada, rac
zrdis maTi eqspluataciis xarjs, amcirebs damuSavebis xarisxs da agrovadebSi maTi gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobas. Sesabamisad, aucilebelia saqarTvelos yvela municipalitetSi meqanizaciis ser-
viscentrebis mowyoba da maTi aRWurva axali sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikiT.
soflis meurneobis meqanizaciis 4 - wlianma programam unda uzrunvelyos sasoflo-sameurneo
teqnikis (traqtorebi, kombainebi da a.S) SeZena da saqarTvelos yvela municipalitetSi dafuZneb-
uli meqanizaciis centrebisaTvis gadacema lizingis wesiT.sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SeZenamde
gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnas TiToeuli regionis specifika, vinaidan sasoflo-sameurneo zonebis
da erTwliani da mravalwliani kulturebis naTesebis mixedviT gansxvavebuli saxis teqnikaa
saWiro. Sesabamisad, SeZenili sasoflo-sameurneo teqnika maqsimalurad unda iyos morgebuli
adgilobriv saWiroebebs.
5000-mde erTeuli sasoflo-sameurneo teqnikis SeZenas 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi dasWirdeba, sa-
varaudod, 150 milion laramde, weliwadSi – 37.5 milioni lari.
3. fermerTa momsaxureba da konsultacia
fermerTa konsultaciis servisebis mowyoba gadamwyvetia soflis meurneobis dargis aRorZinebi-
saTvis. am servisis Seqmnam xeli unda Seuwyos erTis mxriv gadamdebi daavadebebis prevencias,
xolo meores mxriv, mosavlis misaRebad Sxam-qimikatebis swor gamoyenebas.
fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebi unda Seiqmnas yvela municipalitetSi, romelsac daevaleba
fermeruli da glexuri meurneobebisaTvis ufaso konsultacia soflis meurneobasTan dakav-
Sirebul sakiTxebze. sakonsultacio centrebis meSveobiT mudmiv profesiul trenings gaivlian
da informaciiT momaragdebian, aseve, agronomebi da veterinarebi, romlebic unda muSobdnen
municipalitetebis yvela TemSi.
a. produqtiuli jiSebis, soflis meurneobis Tanamedrove miRwevebis Sesaxeb informaciis gavrceleba
soflis meurneobis saministros monacemebiT msxvilfexa rqosani pirutyvis mTliani suladobis
70-75 procenti dabalproduqtiulia. identuri situaciaa memcenareobis kuTxiTac. mniSvnelova-
nia, rom fermerTa municipalurma sakonsultacio centrebma, aseve TiToeul TemSi veterinarma
da agronomma moaxdinon fermerTa codnis amaRleba am mimarTulebiT.
fermerebs unda gaewioT regularuli konsultacia mecxoveleobasa da memcenareobaSi maRal-
produqtiuli jiSebis Taobaze. fermerebs unda ganemartoT Tu ra sargebels naxaven isini
siaxleebis danergviT, Tu rogor SeuZliaT maRalproduqtiuli jiSebis SeZena da rogor unda
moxdes maTi movla. fermerul meurneobebs SeRavaTiani sesxis programam saSualeba unda misces
maRalproduqtiuli jiSebi SeiZinon sesxis saSualebiT.
b. produqciis mimReb - gadamamuSavebeli centrebis, gasaRebis bazrebis Sesaxeb informaciis
gavrceleba
mniSvnelovania, rom fermerebi, sakonsultacio centrebis meSveobiT flobdnen informacias
saqarTveloSi moqmedi sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis mimReb–gadamamuSavebeli centrebis
70
Sesaxeb. kerZod, centrebis mdebareobis, maTi warmoebis moculobis, produqciaze dadgenili
xarisxobrivi kriteriumebis Taobaze.
aseve, mniSvnelovania fermerebs hqondeT informacia Sida bazarze sxvadasxva produqciaze
moTxovnis moculobis, aseve, fasebis Taobaze.
soflis meurneobis saministro regularulad unda axdendes am informaciis mogrovebas, da-
muSavebas da mosalodneli moTxovnis prognozirebas. aseTi saxis informaciis fermerebisaTvis
miwodebas didi mniSvneloba aqvs sasoflo - sameurneo warmoebis sworad dagegmvisaTvis.
fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebis Camosayalibeblad saxelmwifo biujetidan yovelwliurad
unda gamoiyos 7,5 milioni lari.
g. veterinaruli da agronomiuli momsaxureba
aucilebelia municipalitetebis yvela TemSi arsebobdes veterinari da agronomi, romelsac sax-
elmwifo biujeti daafinansebs.
veterinarma unda uzrunvelyos Temis teritoriaze cxovelTa registracia da Seqmnas monacemTa
baza. veterinaris funqcia iqneba, aseve, cxovelTa daavadebebis sawinaaRmdego ufaso pro-
filaqtikuri vaqcinacia. yvela municipalitetis doneze unda Seiqmnas biopreparatebis sarezer-
vo fondi, romelic epidemiis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebul iqneba epidemiis salikvidacio
RonisZiebebis gasatareblad.
agronomma unda uzrunvelyos fermerTa ufaso konsultacia Sxam-qimikatebisa da pesticidebis
gamoyenebis Taobaze, raTa miRweul iqnas maRali mosavlianoba da mavneblebisagan mcena-
reTa dacva. maRal mosavlianobasTan erTad miRweul unda iqnes produqciis uvnebloba da
Sesabamisad,moxmarebuli Sxam-qimikatebisa da pesticidebis gamoyenebis monitoringi.
aRsaniSnavia, rom am mxriv saxelmwifos mier Camosayalibebelia sistema, romelic daadgens Sxam-
qimikatebisa da pesticidebis gamoyenebis normebs TiToeuli saxis mcenareze, xolo, am stand-
artebis dacvis monitoringi unda ganaxorcielon agronomebma.
mniSvnelovania, Camoyalibdes aseve mavne organizmebis gavrceleba-ganviTarebis prognozirebis
sistema, xolo TiToeuli municipalitetis mixedviT Seiqmnas sagangebo situaciebis salikvida-
ciod preparatebis sarezervo fondi.
agronomisa da veterinaris institutis Camoyalibeba Temis doneze saxelmwifo biujets daujde-
ba 12.5 milion laramde wlis ganmavlobaSi.
agronomebi da veterinarebi regularulad unda maragdebodnen soflis meurneobis saministro-
dan siaxleebis Sesaxeb informaciiT, broSurebiT da bukletebiT. aseve, isini unda gadiodnen
periodul trenings fermerTa sakonsultacio centrebSi.
4. ganaTleba da codna soflis meurneobaSi
qveyanaSi agraruli seqtoris mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, migvaCnia, rom kaxeTis regionSi, qalaq
siRnaRSi unda Seiqmnas agraruli profilis Zlieri sauniversiteto ganaTlebis Tanamedrove
centri.
aseve, sxva saxelmwifo universitetebSi unda SemuSavdes saswavlo programebi, romelsac saxelm-
wifo srulad daafinansebs.
a.1000 veterinaris da 1000 agronomis momzadeba
dReisaTvis qveyana ganicdis kvalificiuri veterinarebisa da agronomebis deficits. is kadrebi,
romlebis sabWoTa dros muSobdnen sapensio asaks miRweuli arian, an ganicades dekvalifika-
71
cia. mniSvnelovania, SemuSavdes saxelmwifo programa, romelic 4 wlis ganmavlobaSi moamzadebs
an gadaamzadebs ukve arsebul agronomebs da veterinarebs maRalkvalificiur specialistebad.
agronomebi da veterinarebi unda dasaqmdnen municipalitetebis yvela TemSi, anu arsebobs minimum
1000 agronomis da veterinaris saWiroeba.
pirvel etapze aqcenti unda gakeTdes arsebuli agronomebis da veterinarebis gadamzadebaze,
romlis paraleluradac specialuri programebis farglebSi umaRlesi saswavleblebi moamzadeben
axalgazrda specialistebs.
vinaidan am sferoze maRalia moTxovna, saxsrebis gadanawileba unda moxdes sxva, nakleb prior-
itetuli specialobebidan. am mizniT damatebiT sabiujeto saxsrebis gamoyofa ar aris aucile-
beli.
5. sasoflo–sameurneo produqciis xarisxis kontroli/sasursaTo usafrTxoeba
saqarTveloSi sursaTis xarisxis kontrolis SemoReba saxelmwifo interesia. es evrokavSiris
moTxovnacaa. produqciaze xarisxis kontrolis daweseba gamoiwvevs uxarisxo da mavne produqciis
akrZalvas, romelic ZiriTadad importirebulia da arakonkurentunarian pirobebSi ayenebs sama-
mulo produqcias. sursaTze xarisxis kontrolis SemoRebiT gaizrdeba moTxovna qarTul saso-
flo–sameurneo produqciaze, rac stimuls miscems produqciis raodenobis da xarisxis zrdas,
Sesabamisad gamoiwvevs Semosavlebis da dasaqmebis maCveneblebis zrdas.
am mizniT saxelmwifo biujetidan saxsrebis damatebiT gamoyofa ar aris aucilebeli. donori or-
ganizaciebi, gansakuTrebiT evrokavSiri, aqtiur finansur daxmarebas uwevs saqarTvelos sursaTis
uvneblobis sferoSi.
6. qveynis biujetidan soflis meurneobis ganviTarebaze gamoyofili saxsrebis finans-
uri gaangariSeba
sul soflis meurneobis seqtoris gaZlierebisaTvis yovelwliurad saxelmwifo biujetidan unda
gamoiyos daaxloebiT 198 milioni lari, anu mTliani biujetis daaxloebiT 2,8%-ia.
RonisZieba qveRonisZie-
ba
wlis dafi-
nanseba (mln
lari)
dafinan-
seba sul
(mln lari)
finansuri gaangariSeba
soflis meurneobis
Camoyalibeba bizne-
sisTvis mimzidvel
dargad
375
sagadasaxado
SeRavaTebi
- - ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-
fas.
sakredito
resursis
xelmisawvdo-
moba
12,5 50 sasurvelia fermerul meurneobe-
bze gaices weliwadSi 50-60 milioni
laris kreditebi. Tu gaviTval-
iswinebT saprocento ganakveTs,
romelic 30%-ia da viangariSebT,
rom saxelmwifo moaxdens sabanko
procentis 2/3-is subsidirebas
pirveli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi, es
saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba sul
50 milioni lari, anu weliwadSi
sul 12,5 milioni lari.
72
dazRveva 81,25 325 eqspertuli gaTvlebiT sadaz-
Rvevo xarjebma memcenareobaSi
SeiZleba Seadginos 55 lari 1
heqtarze (mosavlis Rirebulebis
5,5%), xolo mecxoveleobaSi 80
lari 1 sul msxvilfexa saqonel-
ze (pirutyvis Rirebulebis 8%).
Tu dazRvevis xarjebis naxevars
saxelmwifo dafaravs, es weli-
wadSi Seadgens savaraudod 81,25
milion lars (1 milion heqtari
saxnav-saTes miwaze da 1 milion
msxvilfexa rqosan pirutyvze
gaangariSebiT).
sasoflo–
sameurneo
produq-
ciis gadama-
muSavebeli
sawarmoebis
xelSewyoba.
ga-
dasaxadebi-
sagan gaTavi-
sufleba
- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-
fas.
Sxam-qimi-
katebi da
pesticidebi
13.12 52.5 wlis ganmavlobaSi 1 heqtarze
saS. pesticidebis da Sxam qimi-
katebis danaxarji Seadgens 150-
200lars (meryeobs kulturebis
da regionebis mixedviT). Tu
saxelmwifo moaxdens 30%-is
subsidirebas sul xarji Seadgens
50lars erT ojaxze anu mTliano-
baSi daaxloebiT 50 milioni
lari; damatebiT 500 aTasi lari
yovelwliurad serTificirebi-
sTvis.
sawvavi gadasax-
adebisagan
gaTavisu-
fleba
- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-
fas.
soflis meurneobis
infrastruqturis
gaumjobeseba
342,5
samelio-
racio da
drenaJis
sistemebis
reabilita-
cia
20 80 2001 wels msoflio bankis mier
ganxorcielebuli SefasebiT, am
sistemis reabilitacias sWird-
eboda 30 mln aSS dolari. infla-
ciis gaTvaliswinebiT, sistemis
reabilitacias dasWirdeba 50-55
mln aSS dolari, anu daaxloebiT
80 milioni lari.
73
meqanizacia 37,5 150 5000-mde sasoflo-sameurneo
teqnikis SeZenas dasWirdeba
savaraudod 150 mln lari (sa-
Sualod 30 000 lari erTeuli
teqnika).
sasoflo-
sameurneo
savar-
gulebTan
misasvleli
gzebis re-
abilitacia.
15 60 60 municipaliteti, 1 milioni
lari municipalitetze.
fermerTa momsax-
ureba da konsul-
tacia
80
fermerTa
sakonsulta-
cio cen-
trebi
7,5 30 60 municipalitetSi - 100 000
lari erT municipalitetze.
veterina-
ruli da
agronomiuli
momsaxureba
12,5 50 agronomisa da veterinaris insti-
tutis Camoyalibeba Temis doneze
saxelmwifo biujets daujdeba
12,5 milion laramde wlis gan-
mavlobaSi (1000 agronomi da
1000 veterinari; 10000 lari erT
Temze).
ganaTleba da codna
soflis meurneobaSi
1000 vet-
erinaris da
agronomis
momzadeba
ganaTlebi-
sTvis
gaTval-
iswinebuli
dafinansebis
farglebSi
- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-
fas.
sursaTis xarisxis
kontroli
EU-sTan aRe-
buli val-
debulebebis
farglebSi
- ar saWiroebs saxsrebis gamoyo-
fas.
sul 198 797
74
Tavi VI. xelmisawvdomi jandacva da zrunva adamianebze
1. arsebuli mdgomareobis mimoxilva
gardamavali periodisa da reformebis Sedegad, saqarTvelos jandacvis sistema dascilda jan-
dacvis mowyobis mkacrad centralizebul models da dResdReobiT, jandacvis sistemisa da misi
komponentebis marTva decentralizebulia, xolo saministros xelmZRvaneli funqcia oficialu-
rad koncentrirdeba politikis SemuSavebasa da regulirebaze.
dafinansebis sistemis mravaljeradi reformirebis Sedegad jandacvis servisebi finansdeba saer-
To -sabiujeto SemosavlebiT da orientirebulia Raribi mosaxleobis (qveynis mosaxleobis 25%
- mde) miznobriv daxmarebaze danarCeni mosaxleobis SezRuduli mocviT. saxelmwifo saxsrebis
mniSvnelovani nawili(Raribi mosaxleobis samedicino daxmarebis programis farglebSi) xmardeba
kerZo sadazRvevo kompaniebTan saxelSekrulebo urTierTobebs.
jandacvis infrastruqturasa da sakadro resursebis investirebaSi,miuxedavad donorebisa da
kerZo wyaroebidan dafinansebis zrdisa, sasurveli done jer ar aris miRweuli.
farmacevtuli bazari kargad aris ganviTarebuli da uzrunvelyofs farmacevtuli produq-
ciis sakmarisi moculobebis miwodebas. amis miuxedavad, xarisxiani samedicino preparatebisa da
saxarji masalebis finansuri xelmisawvdomoba jer kidev problematuria. adgili aqvs calkeuli
farmacevtuli kompaniebis mxridan wamlebze monopoliuri fasebis dawesebas, arasakmarisia
farmacevtuli bazris regulireba.
sakadro resursebis momzadeba, maTi treningi da uwyveti ganaTlebis uzrunvelyofa jer kidev
saWiroebs Tanamedrove standartebamde ayvanas.
sakadro resursebis unar-Cvevebi, romlebic mosaxleobas awvdian momsaxurebas, optimalur do-
neze dabalia.
sazogadoebrivi jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebis sistema centralizebulia da daavadebaTa
kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centris saxiT aris warmodgenili.
sazogadoebrivi jandacvis funqciebis ganxorcielebis Sesabamisi dafinanseba arasakmarisia da
Sesabamisad araa efeqturi.
jandacvis sistemis muSaobaSi arsebulma da mimdinare problemebma janmrTelobis ganmsazRvrel
calkeul socialur da garemo pirobebTan asocirebuli faqtorebis gauaresebasTan erTad,
savaraudod, grZelvadiani negatiuri zegavlena iqonia saqarTvelos mosaxleobis janmrTelobis
mdgomareobaze.
gardamavali periodis ganmavlobaSi mkveTrad gauaresda janmrTelobis ZiriTadi indikatorebi,
rogoricaa sicocxlis mosalodneli xangrZlivoba dabadebisas, aseve Cvil bavSvTa, xuT wlamde
asakis bavSvTa da dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli. marTalia, 2000 wlidan am maCveneblebSi
aRiniSneba mdgradi pozitiuri tendencia, Tumca xelmisawvdomi monacemebi iZleva safuZvels,
vivaraudoT, rom jer kidev bevri SesaZlebloba arsebobs gaumjobesebisaTvis,raSic jandacvis
sistemis ukeT funqcionirebas sakuTari wvlilis Setana SeuZlia.
saqarTvelos mTavrobas aRebuli aqvs valdebuleba uzrunvelyos yoveli moqalaqisaTvis janmr-
Telobis uflebis realizaciisaTvis saWiro informaciisa da xarisxiani samedicino momsaxurebis
xelmisawvdomoba. aRniSnuli gancxadebulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi da jandacvis kanonmde-
75
blobaSi, garda amisa saqarTvelos xeli aqvs mowerili rig umniSvnelovanes saerTaSoriso kon-
venciebsa da SeTanxmebebze.
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis gansazRvrebiT,jandacvis sistemas Seadgens „yvela moqmedi
piri, institucia da resursi,romelic axorcielebs jandacvis RonisZiebebs, anu RonisZiebebs,
romelTa umTavresi mizania janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba“.
jandacvis sistemis Zireuli miznidan erT-erTi da faqtobrivad, saboloo mizania mosaxleobis
janmrTelobis mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, xolo sistemis efqturobis Sefasebis mizniT unda
gaanalizdes uzrunvelyofs Tu ara jandacvis sistema janmrTelobis mdgomareobis mxriv sa-
surveli Sedegebis miRebas. Sesabamisad, jandacvis msoflio organizaciis mier jandacvis siste-
mis efeqturobis Sefasebis mizniT ganisazRvra jandacvis sistemis funqcionirebis Sefasebis
ZiriTadi indikatorebi, rogoric aris:
1. mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba;
2. jandacvis sistemis marTvis funqcia;
3. Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawvdo-
moba;
4. jandacvis momsaxurebis xarisxi da Sedegebi, janmrTelobis xelSewyoba da daavadebebis
prevencia;
5. jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, jandacvis sistemis resursebis
racionaluri ganawileba;
6. jandacvis sainformacio sistema.
saqarTvelos bolodroindeli politikuri da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis Sedegad jandacvis
infraqtruqtura savalalo mdgomareobaSia, samedicino momsaxureba arasrulad finansdeba,
adamianTa resursebi racionaluradar aris ganawilebuli sistemaSi. saWiroa eqimebis, eqTnebis
da menejerebis codnis da unar-Cvevebis mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli praqtikis principebTan
SesabamisobaSi moyvana.
mosaxleobis janmrTelobis mdgomareoba
jandacvis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT zogadad, saqarTvelos jandacvis indikatorebi
uaresia vidre evropis sxva qveynebis jandacvis indikatorebis saSualo maCvenebli.
jandacvis ZiriTdi indikatorebi
saqarTveloSi sicocxlis xangrZlivobis maCvenebli axlos aris evropis regionis maCveneblebTan
da Seadgens 74.5 wels, xolo evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebulia 77 weli.
marTalia, dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli bolo wlebSi gaumjobesda, magram mainc maRali
rCeba. saqarTveloSi 1990-1997 wlebSi aRiniSneboda dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCveneblis swrafi
zrda, Tumca bolo ramdenime welia es maCvenebeli sagrZnoblad Semcirda da 2008 wels minimalur
mniSvnelobas miaRwia - 14,3.
2009 wels, daavadebaTa kontrolis erovnuli centrisa da saqstatis Sejerebuli monacemebiT,
sagrZnoblad imata gardacvlil dedaTa ricxvma da maCvenebeli gaizarda 52,1-mde, maSin rodesac
evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebelia 14,692
2janmos kvleva
76
ilustracia #1.
aseve, maRalia saqarTveloSi erT wlamde da 5 wlamde asakis bavSvTa sikvdilianobis registri-
rebuli maCvenebeli yofili sabWoTa kavSiris sxva respublikebTan SedarebiT da mniSvnelovnad
aRemateba evropis regionis saSualo maCvenebels (WHO).
5 wlamde bavSvTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 1999 wlidan 2006 wlamde yovel 1000 cocxalSobil-
ze Semcirda 39–dan 28 –mde, Tumca, mniSvnelovnad maRalia, vidre evropis regionis saSualo
maCvenebeli, romelic Sesabamisi wlebismixedviT 14 da 16-s Seadgens.
adreuli neonataluri sikvdilianoba 2004 wlis monacemebiT saqarTveloSi aris 25 yovel 1000
cocxalSobilze, maSin rodesac evropis regionSi saSualo maCveneblia – 10. saqarTveloSi ax-
alSobilTa sikvdilobis 66 porcents swored adreuli neonataluri sikvdiloba Seadgens, xolo 5
wlamde bavSvTa sikvdiloba 58 %-ia.
yvelaze problemuri demografiuli elementi aris Sobadobis Semcireba gasuli oci wlis gan-
mavlobaSi. dabali Sobadoba, reproduqciuli asakis axalgazrdobis emigraciasTan erTad, gaxda
mosaxleobis zrdis negatiuri maCveneblebis mizezi, Tumca 2009 wels dafiqsirda bolo periodis
maqsimaluri mniSvnelobebi: Sobadobis maCvenebeli - 14,4, xolo bunebrivi matebis maCvenebeli –
3,8. uaryofiTi bunebrivi mateba aRiricxa qveynis mxolod erT regionSi - raWa-leCxumsa da qvemo
svaneTSi ( WHO).
sikvdilianobis ZiriTad mizezebSi liderobs aragadamdebi daavadebebi, gulsisxlZarRvTa siste-
mis daavadebebi sikvdilianobis mizezebis 74%-s Seadgens, xolo simsivnuli daavadebebi – 11
%–s.
gulis daavadebebis, insultisa da Saqriani diabetis (tipi II) 80%-is da simsivneebis SemTxvevebis
mesamedis Tavidan acileba SesaZlebelia ZiriTadi risk-faqtorebis (Tambaqos moxmarebis, arajan-
saRi sakvebis, hipodinamiisa da alkoholis borotad gamoyenebis) Tavidan acilebis gziT.
Sesabamisad gul-sisxlZarRvTa daavadebebiT da simsivneebiT gamowveuli sikvdilianoba mniS-
vnelovnad SeiZleba Semcirdes mosaxleobaSi cxovrebis jansaRi wesis danergvisa da socialur-
ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis gziT ( WHO 2010 statistics).
infeqciuri daavadebebis incidentobis maCvenebeli qveynis ganviTarebisa da mosaxleobis
socialur-ekonomikuri keTildReobis erT-erT ZiriTad indikators warmoadgens. bolo aT-
dedaTa sikvdilianobis maCvenebeli 100 000 mosaxleze
_______saqarTvelo _______evropis regioni
77
infeqciur daavadebebs problemur sakiTxTa nusxaSi kvlavac gansa-
kuTrebuli adgili uWiravT, radgan maTi gavrceleba da maTTan brZolis
efeqturoba didad aris damokidebuli danaxarjebis raodenobasTan, pro-
filaqtikur RonisZiebebTan, mkurnalobisa da samedicino momsaxurebis
xelmisawvdomobasTan.
wleulebis manZilze qveyanaSi ganviTarebuli politikuri da socialur-ekonomikuri Zvrebis
fonze xelsayreli pirobebi Seiqmna infeqciuri daavadebebis SemTxvevebis matebisaTvis ( WHO)
• 2009 wels infeqciuri daavadebebis incidentobis maCvenebelma moimata mTlian populaciaSi
– 25,8%–iT, xolo bavSvebSi - 27,4%-iT.
• 2009 wels qveyanaSi tuberkulozis incidentobis maCvenebeli 100000 sul mosaxleze – 101,4
Seadgenda, rac wina welTan SedarebiT 7,7%-iT metia.
• C hepatitis gavrcelebiT saqarTvelos aRmosavleT evropisa da centraluri aziis re-
gionSi yvelaze maRali maCvenebeli aqvs (daavadebulTa raodenobiT saqarTvelo msoflioSi
mesame, xolo kavkasiaSi pirvel adgilzea). Cvens qveyanaSi C hepatitiT daavadebulTa ricxvma
200,000-s gadaaWarba, amasTan yovelwliurad daavadebis daaxloebiT 2000 axali SemTxveva
vlindeba.
• C hepatitis mimarT efeqturi saxelmwifo politikis ararseboba xels uwyobs epidemiis
gavrcelebas.
• dRes, rodesac C hepatiti mTels msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze sagangaSo daavadebad iqca da
aqtualobiT Sidssa da simsivnur daavadebebsac gadaaWarba, saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs am ve-
ragi daavadebis prevenciisa da mkurnalobis saxelmwifo programa. ufro metic, sadazRvevo
momsaxurebis arc erT paketSi ar Sedis ara marto hepatitebis diagnostika da antivirusuli
mkurnalobis anazRaureba, aramed sxva hepatotropuli medikamentebis dafinansebac ki.
• diagnostirebisa da mkurnalobis katastrofulad maRali fasebi mZime tvirTad awveba daa-
vadebulTa ojaxebs (genotipisa da sirTulis gaTvaliswinebiT, interferoniT mkurnaloba
6.000-dan 15.000 dolaramde jdeba). es yvelaferi ki saboloo jamSi uamravi Cveni Tanamoqa-
laqis sicocxles safrTxes uqmnis.
• amitom migvaCnia, rom am TvalsazrisiT qveyanaSi sruliad sagangaSo viTarebaa da dauyovne-
beli zomebia misaRebi.
jandacvis sistemis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, jandacvis sistemis resursebis racionaluri
gadanawileba
resursebis racionalur gadanawilebas mniSvnelovani wvlili Seaqvs jandacvis sistemis efeq-
tur muSaobaSi.
kiTxva, vaxorcielebT Tu ara simZlavreTa adekvatur dagegmvas da Sesabamis investirebas, raTa
uzrunvelyofili iqnes momsaxurebis efeqturi miwodeba da jandacvis sistemisaTvis xelmisawv-
domi resursebis saukeTeso gziT gamoyeneba, fasdeba ori ZiriTadi qvekomponentiT:
• jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturisa da teqnologiebis optimizacia;
• jandacvis sferos uzrunvelyofa Sesabamisad momzadebuli da motivirebuli sakadro
resursebis saWiro odenobiT.
jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturisa da teqnologiebis optimizacia
jandacvis sistemis infrastruqturis da teqnologiebis optimizacia kvlav erT - erT mniS-
vnelovan politikur sakiTxs warmoadgens. miuxedavad imisa, rom reformebis ganxorcielebis
78
procesSi mniSvnelovnad Semcirda Warbad arsebuli saavadmyofo sawolebis raodenoba, gaSlili
sawolebis raodenoba kvalav maRali rCeba im fonze, rodesac sawolTa datvirTvis maCvenebli
mxolod 40%-s Seadgens.
hosptiluri seqtoris ganviTarebis gegmis mixedviT dagegmilia gaSlili sawolebis raodenobis 50%-
iT Semcireba.
hospitaluri seqtoris ganviTarebis generaluri gegma iTvaliswinebs qveynis masStabiT mod-
ernizebuli hospitalebis qselis Seqmnas 78 000 sawolze (saqarTvelos mTavrobis dadgenileba #11,
2007 weli, 26 ianvari).
dReisTvis mimdinareobs 102 saavadmyofos mSenebloba/rekonstruqcia, aqedan, saxelmwifo biu-
jetiT - 23, kerZo investiciebiT – 76 da 3 – donori organizaciebis mxardaWeriT.
jandacvis sferos uzrunvelyofa saWiro odenobiT Sesabamisad momzadebuli da motivire-
buli sakadro resursebiT
saqarTveloSi, tradiciulad, kvalificiuri samedicino personalis raodenoba sakmaod maRalia.
2007 wlisaTvis aRiricxeboda 20 000 kvalificirebuli eqimi, anu 4.65 – yovel 1000 mosaxleze,
Tumca statistikuri monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom aRiniSneba samedicino personalis araTanabari
gadanawileba qalaqebisa da regionebis mixedviT. kerZod, Tuki didi qalaqebi gajerebulia
kvalificiuri medpersonaliT, zogierTi regioni da gansakuTrebiT, maRalmTiani raionebi
ganicdian specialistebis naklebobas, maT Soris gadaudebeli daxmarebis specialistebis –
qirurgebis da meanebis simcires.
amasTanave, aRiniSneba saSualo medpersonalis simcire. evropis regionis da dsT-s qveynebs
Soris saqarTvelo eqTnebis yvelaze naklebi raodenobiT gamoirCeva. kerZod – 1.04 yovel 1000
mosaxleze.
medpersonalis produqtiuloba ambulatoriis, gansakuTrebiT ki stacionaris pirobebSi neli
zrdis miuxedavad rCeba erT-erT yvelaze dabal doneze evropis regionsa da dsT-s qveynebSi.
medpersonalis dabali produqtiuloba efeqturobis maCvenebelTa SemcirebasTan erTad iwvevs
medpersonalis anazRaurebis dabal donesa da motivaciis daqveiTebas, rac cudad aisaxeba gaweu-
li daxmarebis xarisxsa da miRebul klinikur Sedegebze.
Tanasworobis dacva da finansuri uzrunvelyofa
saqarTveloSi jandacvis seqtorze saxelmwifo danaxarjebis wili stabilurad erT-erTi yvelaze
dabalia sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT. 2009 wels es maCvenebeli Seadgenda mTliani Sida produqtis
1,5% da mTliani saxelmwifo danaxarjebis mxolod 5%-s.
es ki, Tavis mxriv, ganapirobebs imas, rom jandacvaze saerTo danaxarjebSi kerZo danaxarjebis
wili Zalze maRalia da 2009 wlis monacemebiT Seadgens saerTo danaxarjebis 71%. miuxedavad
imisa, rom es maCvenebeli Semcirda 2003 wlis maCvenebelTan SedarebiT (78%), is kvlavac maRalia
ara marto evropis regionisaTvis (daaxloebiT 25%), aramed mniSvnelovnad aRemateba dsT-s qvey-
nebis saSualo maCvenebelsac(46%).
79
jandacvis mTliani danaxarjis struqtura 2001-2009
aRniSnuli miuTiTebs samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis usamarTlo xasiaTze, jandac-
vis seqtorSi mimarTuli resursebis araefeqtur ganawilebasa da araxarjTefeqtur gamoyenebaze.
xarjebis zrda aRiniSna servisebis yvela saxeobaze, Tumca kerZo danaxarjebis mateba yvelaze me-
tad gamoixata samedicino daniSnulebis saqonlisa da aRWurvilobis kategoriaSi, rac ZiriTadad
farmacevtul saSualebebze gaweuli xarjebis matebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
kerZo danaxarjebis 40 % modis wamlebze, samedicino daniSnulebis sagnebze da stacionarul
daxmarebaze, ris Sedegadac pirveladi jandacva da prevenciuli RonisZiebebi ver poulobs sak-
maris dafinansebas da gamoyenebas.
wamlebze danaxarjebis maRali wili aRiniSneba rogorc beneficiarebs Soris, aseve, araben-
eficiarebSi, gansakuTrebiT qronikuli daavadebis SemTxvevaSi. dReisTvis umweoTa dazRvevis
programa ar iTvaliswinebs aRniSnuli xarjebis dafarvas3.
3 „siRaribis zRvars qvemoT mosaxleobis saxelmwifo samedicino programis Sedegebis
Sefaseba“, Sebastian Bauhoff , David Hotchkiss, 2009
saerTaSoriso
saxelmwifo
kerZo
samkurnalo
saSualebebze
danaxarjebis wili
jandacvaze
mTlian danaxarjebSi(%)
80
2011 wlis saxelmwifo biujetidan jandacvis xarjebze gamoyofilma Tanxebma Seadgina 390 mil-
ioni lari, rac mTliani saxelmwifo biujetis 6,5% – s Seadgens da sakmaod dabalia evropis
regionis qveynebis mier jandacvaze gamoyofili Tanxebis procentTan SedarebiT (mag, baltii-
spireTis qveynebSi analogiuri maCvenebeli: litvaSi - 14.7%, estoneTSi - 11.2%, xolo lat-
viaSi -9,4%). amasTanave SeiniSneba klebis tendencia: 2010 wlis monacemebiT jandacvis biujeti
saxelmwifo biujetis 7.6%-s Seadgenda.
2011 wlidan gauqmebulia xandazmulobis gamo janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli problemis
gadasaWrelad SemuSavebuli janmrTelobis dacvis specializebuli saxelmwifo programebi 60
wlis da meti asakis mosaxleobisTvis: onkologiur daavadebaTa diagnostikisa da mkurnalobis,
mosaxleobis urgentuli momsaxurebis da gulis qirurgiis programebi, romelTa saerTo Rireb-
uleba Seadgenda 21,8 mln. lars, rac janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programebze gankuTvnili
Tanxebis 8% iyo. am programebiT dafaruli nozologiebiT avadmyofoba mniSvnelovan finansur
tvirTs warmoadgens ara marto xandazmulTaTvis, aramed yvela asakis mosaxleobisTvis.
aseve, dabalia sazogadoebriv jandacvasa da profilaqtikaze gaweuli xarjebis moculoba.
wlebis ganmavlobaSi saxelmwifo xarjebSi aRiniSneba sazogadoebriv jandacvaze dafinansebis
procentuli wilis 8,1%-dan 2,1%-mde klebis tendencia. aRniSnuli tendencia aisaxeba zemoT
moyvanil janmrTelobis indikatorebis gauaresebaze.
dReisaTvis umweoTa janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxelmwifo programa faravs mosaxleobis mxolod
18%-s. 69.88 % – dauzRveveli mosaxleobaa, xolo danarCeni 12% dazRveulia sxvadasxva ti-
pis sadazRvevo programebiT: pedagogTa saxelmwifo dazRveva, Tbilisis meriis da sxva adgilo-
brivi biujetiT dafinanasebuli programebi, aseve iafi dazRveva da korporatiuli dazRveva.
umweoTa bazaSi daregistrirebuli mosaxleoba Seadgens mTlianad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis
37% - s romelTa 44% saxelmwifo programis beneficiaria.
1.44%
3.58%
0.26%
4.51%
0.35%
0.00%
18.09 %
69.88%
umweoTa janmrTelobis dazRvevis saxelmwifo
proograma
pedagogebebis janmrTelobis
dazRvevis saxelmwifo programa
Tbilisis meriis da sxva adgilobrivi biu-
jetebiT dafinensebuli programebi
“iafi dazRvevis” saxelmwifo programa
saxelmwifo dawesebulebebis
dazRvevis programebi
korporatiuli dazRvevis programebi
fizikur pirebTan gafarToebuli kontraqtebi
dauzRveveli mosaxleoba
81
mimdinare reformebi
2010 wlidan reformebis mimdinareobaSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi (saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2009
wlis 9 dekembris #218 dadgenileba), kerZod:
saxelmwifo programebis farglebSi dazRveulTaTvis sadazRvevo kompaniis Tavisufali arCev-
anis ufleba Seicvala konkretul kompaniasTan savaldebulo urTierTobiT. 2010 wlis aprilSi
Catarda tenderebi da gamovlinda calkeul raionebSi gamarjvebuli kompaniebi. dazRveuli
sadazRvevo vauCeriT xelSekrulebas aformebs sacxovrebeli adgilis Sesabamis raionSi gamar-
jvebul kompaniasTan. garda amisa, dazRvevis saxelmwifo programebSi gamarjvebul sadazRvevo
kompaniebs daekisraT mniSvnelovani valdebuleba maTi operirebis raionSi dadgenil vadeb-
Si ganaxorcielon samedicino dawesebulebebis mSenebloba da aRWurva. aseve, miRebul iqna
gadawyvetileba igive sadazRvevo kompaniebs gadaeceT marTvaSi pirveladi jandacvis qseli –
soflis ambulatoriebi da saswrafo daxmarebis sadgurebi.
jandacvis politikis arsebuli problemebi da gaumjobesebis koncefcia
jandacvis sistemis marTvis funqciis gaumjobeseba
arsebuli problemebi
reformebi
jandacvis politikasTan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi ZiriTadi problema aris inicirebuli re-
formebis ganxorcielebis procesSi naCqarevi da araTanmimdevruli cvlilebebi, romlic ar
efuZneba mtkicebulebebs. refomebis ganxorcielebis procesSi ar xdeba superviziis, regula-
ciis da adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis swori dagegmva, SemuSaveba da gavrcoba, rac did
risks warmoadgens.
regulireba
saxelmwifos mniSvnelovani roli ekisreba jandacvis momsaxurebis miwodebis efeqturi regula-
ciis kuTxiT, raTa uzrunvelyos momsaxurebis xarisxi da usafrTxoeba.
ar aris SemuSavebuli reformebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis adeqvaturi regulirebis da
zedamxedvelobis sistemebi;
amavdroulad, aRiniSneba aRsrulebis berketebis (stimulebis an sanqciebis) nakleboba, romlis
gamoyeneba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania samedicino momsaxurebis momwodeblebisa da sadaz-
Rvevo kompaniebisagan xarisxiani angariSgebis misaRebad.
privatizacia
calke sakiTxia jandacvis seqtoris privatizacia, romlis ganxorcieleba daiwyo 100 saavad-
myofos proeqtiT, magram dagegmvis araTanmimdevrulobis, ganxorcielebis Sesabamisi maregu-
lirebeli meqanizmebis ararsebobis, satendero pirobebis da meqanizmebis gaumarTaobis Sedegad
ver iqna uzrunvelyofili procesis gamWvirvaloba da Sesabamisad misi warmatebulad ganxor-
cieleba.
2010 wlidan samedicino dawesebulebebis privatizaciis procesis ZiriTad meqanizmad ganisaz-
82
4 jandacvis sistemis reforma saqarTveloSi Hauschild and Esmé Berkhout; Oxfam International research reprot, 2009
monopoliebis arseboba erTis mxriv xels uwyobs samedicino momsaxurebebze fasebis
zrdas, xolo meores mxriv safrTxes uqmnis momsaxurebis xarisxs da zRudavs samedi-
cino momsaxurebis Tavisufali arCevanis uflebas.
Rvra yvela sadazRvevo kompaniis, maT Soris, farmacevtuli kompaniebis mier klinikebis aSenebis
da aRWurvis valdebuleba im raionebSi, sadac aRniSnuli kompaniebi operireben.
privatizaciis ZiriTadi problema aris mflobelobis sakiTxi da vinaidan adeqvaturi mareguli-
rebeli garemo ar uswrebs reformas, dainteresebulma kompaniebma SesZles SeeqmnaT monopoliebi
rogorc qveynis masStabiT, ise calkeul regionebSi.
saxelmwifo mflobelobaSi arsebuli ZiriTadi didi klinikebis mflobelebi gaxdnen farmacev-
tuli da sadazRveveo kompaniebi;
farmacevtuli kompaniebi sakmaod Zlieri moTamaSeebi arian jandacvis bazarze, xolo privati-
zaciis fonze kidev ufro Zlierdebian. zogierT regionSi farmacevtuli kompaniebi arian samed-
icino dawesebulebebis mflobelebi da aseve – damzRvevebic, Sesabamisad Seqmnilia regional-
uri monopoliebi.
jandacvis seqtoris privatizacia unda mimdinareobdes Sesabamisi regulaciebis fonze, radgan,
zogadad, kerZo seqtori mogebazea orientirebuli da Sesabamisad, mogebis gazrdis mizniT Se-
Zlebisdagvarad mcire resursebs daxarjavs. maSin, rodesac, saxelmwifos interesia –janmrTe-
li mosaxleoba. samwuxarod, aRniSnuli seqtoris sworad regulaciis SesaZlebloba saxelmwifos
ar gaaCnia4.
arsebobs safrTxeebi, rom axali politikis ganxorcielebis pirobebSi Raribi mosaxleobis
samedicino momsaxurebaze xelmisawvdomoba Seferxdeba erTi mxriv, servisebis fizikuri ararse-
bobis gamo konkretul arealSi, xolo meores mxriv, finansuri xelmisawvdomobis problemebis
gamo.rekomendaciebi:
• reformebis ganxorcielebis erTiani xedvis da strategiis SemuSaveba da Sesabamisi maregu-
lirebeli garemos uzrunvelyofa;
• reformebis ganxorcielebis zedamxedvelobis da kontrolis meqanizmebis ganviTareba;
• jandacvis seqtoris regulirebis gaumjobeseba aqcentiT – kerZo da saxelmwifo seqtorebs
Soris urTierTobaTa regulirebis aspeqtebze;
• Sesabamisi regulirebis, alternatiuli meqanizmebisda standartebis dadgena samedicino
momsaxurebismiwodebis xarisxisa da usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT;
• jansaRi konkurentuli garemos Seqmna da arsebuli monopoluri praqtikis mospoba;
• farmacevtul bazarze monopoluri fasebis daregulireba;
• kerZo dawesebulebebis sanebarTvo da samedicino personalis licenzirebis maRali xarisxis
Sesabamisi pirobebis SemuSaveba;
• prioriteti mieniWos saxelmwifo investiciebis zrdas jandacvis seqtorSi, gansakuTrebiT
pirveladi jandacvis, sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da janmrTelobis xelSewyobis sferoebSi;
• gatardes kompleqsuri RonisZiebebi jandacvis sainformacio sistemis gaZlierebis insti-
tuciuri, sakanonmdeblo da dafinansebis meqanizmebis cvlilebis da siaxleebis danergvis
kuTxiT;
• jandacvis sistemis monitoringis Sedegad miRebuli informaci aefeqturad iqnes gamoyeneb-
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uli jandacvis politikis koreqtirebisaTvis, gansakuTrebiT im pirobebSi, rodesac saxelm-
wifo programebis ganxorcielebaze gamoyofili saxelmwifo saxsrebis mniSvnelovani raode-
noba xmardeba kerZo sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier saxelmwifo da kveTebis Sesrulebas;
• uzrunvelyofili iqnas politikis ciklis praqtikuli realizaciis ganxorcieleba mtkiceb-
ulebebzedayrdnobiT.
2. jandacvis momsaxurebis efeqturoba da efeqtianoba, adamianuri resursebis gan-
viTareba
arsebuli problemebi
adamianuri resursebi
saxelmwifos ar gaaCnia jandacvis seqtorSi adamianuri resursebis marTvis da ganviTarebis
strategia.
ar aris gansazRvruli qveynis saWiroebebi da Sesabamisad ar aris SemuSavebuli Sesabamisi
resursebis ganviTarebis strategia.
qveyanaSi, samedicino personalis siWarbis miuxedavad, statistikuri monacemebiT konkretuli
sferoebi ganicdis kadrebis simcires (mag: farmacevtebi, ginekologebi, geriatriis speciali-
stebi da a.S.).
aRiniSneba samedicino personalis araTanabari gadanawileba qalaqebisa da regionebis mixed-
viT, kerZod Tuki didi qalaqebi gajerebulia kvalificirebuli medpersonaliT, zogierTi
regioni, da gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani raionebi ganicdian specilistebis naklebobas, maT Soris
gadaudebeli daxmarebis, qirurgebis da meanebis simcires.
amasTanave, aRiniSneba saSualo medpersonalis simcire. evropis regionis da dsT-s qveynebs
Soris saqarTvelo eqTnebis yvelaze naklebi raodenobiT gamoirCeva kerZod, 1.04 yovel 1000
mosaxleze.
xelmisawvdomobis arsebuli barierebis Sedegad medpersonalis produqtiuloba ambulatoriis,
gansakuTrebiT ki stacionaris pirobebSi rCeba erT-erT yvelaze dabal doneze evropis regionsa da
dsT-s qveynebSi.
medpersonalis dabali produqtiulobis maCvenebeli Sesabamisad iwvevs medpersonalis anaz-
Raurebis dabal donesa da motivaciis daqveiTebas, rac cudad aisaxeba gaweuli daxmarebis xarisxsa da
miRebul klinikur Sedegebze.
ar aris SemuSavebuli samedicino personalis gadamzadebis da uwyveti ganaTlebis politika da
samoqmedo gegma.
ar arsebobs samedicino personalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebis da regularuli gadamzadebis mo-
tivaciis meqanizmebi.
mimdinare privatizaciis procesSi arsebuli saxelSekrulebo pirobebiT ar aris gansazRvruli
kerZo seqtoris valdebulebebi SeinarCunon samedicino personali, gansakuTrebiT soflad;
qveyanaSi arsebuli sakanonmdeblo garemo ver uzrunvelyofs medpersonalis SromiTi ufle-
84
bebis dacvas da socialuri garantiebis meqanizmebs;
qveyanaSi ar xorcieldeba eqimis pasuxismgeblobis - samedicino Secdomis dazRveva, Sesabamisad,
ar aris uzrunvelyofili saeqimo praqtikis daculoba.
am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia:
• qveyanaSi samedicino personalis raodenobisa da praqtikuli unar-Cvevebis optimizaciis
mizniT adamianuri resursebis ganviTarebis strategiis SemuSaveba;
• pirveladi jandacvis resursebis formirebis procesis gagrZeleba da Sesabamisi saxelmwiofo
investirebiT uzrunvelyofa, raTa srulad Seivsos deficiti, gansakuTrebiT,maRalmTian
regionebSi;
• ganxorcieldes qveynis saWiroebebis gansazRvra samedicino personalis specialobebis mixed-
viT da SemuSavdes sakadro resursebis ganviTarebis saSualovadiani da grZelvadiani gegma;
• SemuSavdes umaRlesi da saSualo samedicino ganaTlebis, diplomis Semdgomi profesiuli
mzadebis, da uwyveti profesiuli ganviTarebis adeqvaturi sistema;
• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo medpersonalis SromiTi uflebebis dacvis da so-
cialuri garantiebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT;
• jandacvis sistemis kvalificiuri samedicino personaliT uzrunvelyofis mizniT moxdes
medpersonalisaTvis salicenzio da akreditaciis standartebis dadgena da periodulad
gadaxedva saukeTeso saerTaSoriso gamocdilebis Sesabamisad;
• SemuSavdes Sesabamisi regulaciebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofs samedicino ganaTlebas da
eqimTa prqtikul gadamzadebas, mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli klinikuri gaidlainebisa da
protokolebis Sesabamisad;
• dainergos samedicino personalis saeqimo Secdomis dazRvevis sistema, SemuSavdes Sesa-
bamisi maregulirebeli garemo da dainergos ganxorcielebis meqanizmebi;
3. Tanasworobis dacva, finansuri uzrunvelyofa da jandacvis momsaxurebis xelmisawv-
domoba
arsebuli problemebi
samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis kuTxiT qveyanaSi arsebobs finansuri, sainformacio
da geografiuli barierebi.
mosaxleobis 70% darCenilia dazRvevis gareSe.
aRiniSneba erT sul mosaxleze jandacvaze jibidan gaweuli xarjebis mniSvnelovani zrda, kerZo
danaxarjebis wili maRalia da Seadgens 71% - s.
aRiniSneba samedicino momsaxurebaze fasebis zrdis tendencia, xolo mimdinare privatizacia
da monopoliebis arseboba kidev ufro zrdis safrTxes rogorc finanasuri xelmisawvdomobis,
aseve, momsaxurebis xarisxis TvalsazrisiT;
xarjebis zrda aRiniSneba servisebis yvela saxeobaze, Tumca kerZo danaxarjebis mateba yvelaze
metad gamoxatulia samedicino daniSnulebis saqonlisa da aRWurvilobis kategoriaSi, rac
ZiriTadad farmacevtul saSualebebze gaweuli xarjebis matebiT aris ganpirobebuli.
aRsaniSnavia, rom saxelmwifo samedicino dazRvevis programis ganxorcielebas ar mohyva ambu-
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latoriuli servisebis utilizaciis gazrda, xolo hospitalizaciis maCvenebeli mcired gaiz-
arda, rac ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad saxelmwifo da kerZo dazRvevis arasakmarisi monawileobiT
medikamentebze xarjebis anazRaurebaSi.
medikamentebze danaxarjebi maRalia da kerZo danaxarjebis 40% Seadgens.
maRalia medikamentebze fasebi, rac ganpirobebulia ZiriTadad, farmacevtul bazarze sami
ZiriTadi kompaniis arsebobiT, romelTac monopolizebuli aqvT fasebi. muSaobs bazris
specifiuri, karteluri tipis modeli, sadac fasi formirdeba araTavisufali konkurenciis,
aramed msxvili importiorebis molaparakebis Sedegad.
sustad aris ganviTarebuli sadazRvevo bazris maregulirebeli garemo da ganviTarebis xelSe-
mwyobi meqanizmebi, rac ganapirobebs xelmisawvdomi sadazRvevo produqtebis simwires.
saxelmwifos ar aqvs SemuSavebuli mosaxleobis janmrTelobis dazRvevis sabaziso standartuli
paketi mTeli mosaxleobisaTvis, rac Tavis mxriv xels Seuwyobda sadazRvevo produqtze xelmi-
sawvdomobis gazrdas da Sesabamisad, mosaxleobis sadazRvevo mocvis gafarToebas.
am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia
imisaTvis,rom daZleul iqnas samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomobis finansuri, sainfor-
macio da geografiuli barierebi, aucilebelia Sesabamisi strategiis SemuSaveba Semdegi mimar-
TulebebiT:
• dauzRveveli mosaxleobis maqsimaluri mocva samedicino dazRvevis xelSemwyobi RonisZie-
bebis gatarebis gziT (ix. danarTi #1-Si detaluri samoqmedo gegma) kerZod:
• unda SemuSavdes droSi gawerili samoqmedo gegma, imisaTvis rom etapobrivad ganxorcieldes
im mosaxleobis jandacvis servisebze xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa, romelic ver yidu-
lobs kerZo dazRvevas.
• gaizardos saxelmwifo subsidireba mosaxleobis im nawilisaTvis, romelic daregistrirebu-
lia siRaribis zRvars qvemoT kategoriaSi, magram ar iRebs saxelmwifo dazRvevas.
• SemuSvdes alternatiuli sadazRvevo meqanizmebi mosaxleobis im nawilisaTvis, romelic ver
moxvda siRaribis zRvars qvemoT kategoriaSi, magram ar aqvs SesaZlebloba SeiZinos kerZo
dazRveva.
• SemuSavdes sadazRvevo industriis adeqvaturi maregulirebeli garemo imisTvis,rom Tavidan
iqnas acilebuli sadazRvevo kompaniebis mier mxolod dabali riskis, janmrTeli mosaxleobis
dazRveva;
• uzrunvelyofil iqnas jandacvis servisebze sayovelTao xelmisawvdomoba benefitebis saba-
ziso paketis SemuSavebiT da masSi medikamentebis gaTvliswinebiT;
• dawesdes sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi da ganisazRvros waxalisebis meqanizmebi, romelic uzrun-
velyofs mosaxleobis didi nawilis mier sabaziso dasazRvevo paketis SeZenas;
• Seiqmnas damsaqmebelTa motivaciis meqanizmebi, romelic uzrunvelyofs dasaqmebulTa samedi-
cino dazRvevis sargeblis miwodoebas;
• xeli Seewyos sadazRvevo produqtebSi prevenciuli servisebis adeqvatur finansirebas;
• SemuSavdes da dainergos damatebiTi paketi specializebuli ambulatoriuli da staciona-
ruli momsaxurebisaTvis, romelic saxelmwifos mier dafinansdeba Raribi mosaxleobisaTvis,
xolo danarCeni mosaxleobisaTvis xeli Seewyoba xelmisawvdomi sadazRvevo sqemebis SemuSave-
bas specialuri saojaxo da individualuri sadazRvevo paketebis saxiT.
• jandacvaze gamoyofili sabiujeto resursebis moculobis gafarToebasTan erTad, gaizar-
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dos resursebi iseTi kritikuli mniSvnelobis servisebze ,rogoricaa orsulobis zedamxedv-
eloba da usafrTxo mSobiaroba;
• janmrTelobis xelSewyobisa da prevenciuli RonisZiebebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis
mizniT ganisazRrvos adeqvaturi resursebi da moxdes Sesabamisi saxelmwifo investireba.
4. samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba
arsebuli problemebi
xarisxiani samedicino momsaxureba, farTo gagebiT, SesaZloa ganisazRvros,
rogorc saWiro dros da Sesabamis pirobebSi saTanado samedicino
daxmarebis miRebis SesaZlebloba.
xarisxTan dakavSirebuli problemebi farTodaa gavrcelebuli Tanamedrove jandacvis siste-
mebis umetesobaSi mTels msoflioSi da Sesabamisad saqarTveloSic. kerZod:
imis gamo, rom servisebis miwodeba ar aris mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli da qveyanaSi ar aris
danergili xarisxis Sefasebis da monitoringis meqanizmebi, bevri pacienti Rebulobs saWiroze
met momsaxurebas, bevri ki – imaze naklebs, vidre esaWiroeba;
xSiria Seusabamo samedicino daxmarebis miRebis SemTxvevebic;
amasTanave, arcTu mcirea samedicino SecdomaTa raodenoba, romlebic sazianoa adamianis janmrT-
elobisaTvis;
samedicino momsaxurebis mimwodebelTa mxridan yovelTvis ar xdeba am problemaTa gaazreba an
maTze adeqvaturi reagireba;
qveyanaSi sustad aris ganviTarebuli xarisxis kontrolis sistemebi, Sesabamisad ar arsebobs
mkafiod deklarirebuli amocanebi, romelic samedicino momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebas
moemsaxureba;
samedicino daxmarebis reformireba ar xorcieldeba saukeTeso praqtikis Sesabamisad ;
mTeli qveynis masStabiT ar aris danergili mtkicebulebebze dafuZnebuli medicinis gamoyeneba,
rac emsaxureba klinikuri praqtikis gaumjobesebas.
sustad aris ganviTarebuli sainformacio teqnologiebi da Sesabamisad dabalia klinikuri
informaciis xelimisawvdomoba da saerTaSoriso standartebiT klinikuri gadawyvetilebebis
mxardaWera.
am sferoSi Cveni prioritetebia:
• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi garemo da inicirebul iqnas damoukidebeli instituciebis meSveobiT
provaiderebisregularuli monitoringi;
• uzrunvelyofili iqnas monitoringis da Sefasebis monacemebis da angariSebis farTo sazoga-
doebisaTvis xelmisawvdomoba, rac gazrdis mowodebul servisebze angariSvaldebulebas;
• SemuSavdes xarisxis Sefasebis standartebi jandacvis sistemis TiTeuli donisaTvis ( pirve-
ladi, meoreuli, mesameuli)saerTaSoriso da nacionaluri klinikuri gaidlainebis CaTvliT.
aRniSnuli standartebi gamoyenebuli iqneba yvela tipis dawesebulebisaTvis, ganurCevlad
mflobelobis statusisa;
• SemuSvdes Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo da kontrolis meqanizmebi, raTa uzrunve-
87
lyofili iqnas miwodebul iservisebis Sesabamisoba aRniSnul klinikur gaidlainebTan da
protokolebTan;
• dainergos rogorc dawesebulebebisaTvis, aseve medpersonalisaTvis salicenzio da akredi-
taciis standartebi da ganisazRvros monitoringis meqanizmebi;
• Seiqmnas Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemo da dainergos dawesebulebebis akreditaciis pro-
cesi da Sesabamisi minimaluri standartebi;
• Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis saSualebiT, SemuSavdes kerZo dawesebulebebis sanebarTvo da sa-
medicino personalis licenzirebis maRali xarisxis Sesabamisi pirobebi;
• xarisxiani momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT.ganxorcieldes erovnuli klinikuri gaid-
lainebis da protokolebis danergvis procesi da ganxorcieldes Sesabamisi monitoringi.
“axali memarjveneebis” politika jandacvis sferoSi:
mosaxleobis jandacvis gaumjobesebis mizniT ZiriTadi aqcenti aRebuli unda iqnas
mosaxleobis samedicino dazRvevis arealis gafarToebaze. am mizniT:
1. 0-dan 16 wlamde bavSvebis da 65 wels zeviT asakis xandazmulTa samedicino dazRveva unda
ganxorcieldes igive principiT, rogorc xorcieldeba umweoTa dazRveva plius eqimis mier
daniSnuli medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa.
2. yvela dasaqmebuls kanoniT unda mieces saSualeba misi da misi ojaxis wevrebis samedicino
dazRvevis xarjebi gamoqviTos saSemosavlo gadasaxadidan im sabaziso minimaluri sadaz-
Rvevo paketis Rirebulebis farglebSi, romliTac dRes xorcieldeba umweoTa samedicino
dazRveva;
3. damqiraveblis mier TanamSromelTa samedicino dazRvevisaTvis gaRebuli Tanxa unda CaiT-
valos xarjebSi da gaTavisufldes mogebis gadasaxadisgan;
4. im sadazRvevo kompaniebs, romlebic monawileoben saxelmwifo dazRvevis programebSi, unda
dauwesdeT valdebuleba, rom saxelmwifosTan yovelwliurad gaformebuli xelSekrulebis
pirobebiT uzrunvelyon minimaluri sabaziso sadazRvevo paketis SenarCuneba korporatiuli
da individualuri klientebisaTvis.
eqimTa da samedicino personalis uflebebis dacvis mizniT:
1. yvela samedicino dawesebulebis administracias unda daevalos eqimis profesiuli pasux-
ismgeblobis dazRveva da am mizniT gaRebuli Tanxa unda CaeTvalos xarjebSi.
2. unda mowesrigdes Sromis kanonmdebloba, romelic daicavs eqimebisa da samedicino personalis
uflebebs;
medikamentebze xelmisawvdomobis gazrda
1. SemuSavebuli unda iqnas aucilebeli (esenciuri) medikamentebis nusxa da aRniSnuli medika-
mentebis dafinanseba unda ganxorcieldes minimaluri sadazRvevo sabaziso paketis farg-
lebSi;
2. unda amoqmeddes antimonopoliuri meqanizmebi farmacevtul bazarze fasebis dareguli-
rebis mizniT;
3. moZiebuli unda iqnas farmacevtuli produqciis Semotanis alternatiuli gzebi saer-
TaSoriso tenderebiT Sesyidvebis xelSewyobis gziT. fasebis regulireba unda moxdes
Sesabamisi maregulirebeli garemos uzrunvelyofiT.
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5. socialurad saSiSi daavadebebis prevencia da mkurnaloba
partiam jandacvis sferoSi erTerT prioritetad gamoacxada socialurad saSiSi iseTi daavadebis
prevencia da mkurnaloba, rogoricaa C hepatiti.
“axali memarjveneebis” programa C hepatitis prevenciasa da mkurnalobaSi:
umokles vadaSi Seiqmnas C hepatitis saxelmwifo programa, romlis mixedviTac:
• saxelmwifom srulad unda daafinansos C hepatitis diagnostika;
• biujetidan yovelwliurad unda dafinansdes C hepatitiT daavadebuli
• minimum 2000 pacientis mkurnalobis xarji (avadmyofTa SerCevis kriteriumebi specialistebma
unda daadginon);
• unda daiwyos interferonis generikis warmoeba saqarTveloSi, rac mniSvnelovnad gaaiafebs C hepatitis mkurnalobas (doha-s1deklaraciis safuZvelze);
• qveyanaSi dauyovnebliv unda Seiqmnas da dafinansdes RviZlis gadanergvis saxelmwifo pro-
grama (sawyis etapze mowveuli specialistebis xarjze);
• unda dawesdes mkacri kontroli sterilizaciis wesebis dacvis xarisxze klinikebsa da yvela
im dawesebulebaSi, sadac C hepatitiT dainficirebis maRali riskia (stomatologiuri klini-
ka, silamazis saloni, da sxva)
sapensio sistema da socialuri dacva
sapensio sistema
qveynis sapensio sistema sistemur transformacias saWiroebs da igi unda daefuZnos individu-
aluri Senatanebisa da individualuri danagrovis princips. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom dRes
arsebuli pensionerebi, sapensio asaks miRweuli da saSualo asaks gadacilebuli pirebi drois
SezRuduli monakveTis pirobebSi ver uzrunvelyofen sakuTari sapensio danagrovis gakeTebas,
aRniSnuli sistema maTTvis araefeqturia.
amis gaTvaliswinebiT, sapensio sistema unda moicavdes 3 komponents:
sabaziso sapensio ganakveTi, anu minimaluri fiqsirebuli saxelmwifo sapensio standarti. pen-
siis sabaziso ganakveTi unda iyos aranakleb saarsebo minimumis odenobis da igi unda daeniSnoT
ukve pensioner pirebs, sapensio asaks mirweul pirebs da pirebs, visi asakic aRemateba 40 wels.
aseve, pirebs, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT SromiTi staJi da Sesabamisad, moklebulni arian individu-
aluri sapensio danagrovis Seqmnis SesaZleblobas;
individualuri sapensio danagrovi. misi odenoba unda ganisazRvros da damokidebuli iyos piris
mier individualur sapensio angariSze Setanili Tanxebis odenobasa da am Senatanebis gadaxdis
periodze. aRniSnuli sistemis regulireba unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom, xolo sapensio
danagrovebisa da sapensio angariSebis marTva unda ganxorcieldes kerZo sapensio fondebis meS-
veobiT. individualur sapensio angariSze Setanili Tanxebi, anu sapensio danagrovi, pirebisaTvis
unda gamoiqviTos dasabegri Semosavlebidan da gaTavisufldes saSemosavlo gadasaxadisagan;
specialuri sapensio ganakveTi. aRniSnuli pensia unda daeniSnoT unarSezRudul pirebs da
veteranis statusis mqone pirebs. sapensio ganakveTis odenoba saarsebo minimuze 30%–iT meti
unda iyos. im unarSezRuduli pirebisaTvis da veteranis statusis mqone pirebisaTvis, romlebic
amavdroulad martoxela pirebis statuss floben da damoukideblad gadaadgilebis da sakuTari
Tavis movlis SesaZlebloba ar gaaCniaT, sapensio ganakveTi unda gaormagdes.
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socialuri dacva
qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime socialuri mdgomareobis pirobebSi asobiT aTasobiT adamianisTvis
socialuri dacva erTaderTi saSualebaa iarsebos. aqedan gamomdinare am sferoSi arsebuli
problemebi: usamarTloba, gaumWivervaloba, sareitingo qulebis miniWebaSi mkafio kriteri-
umebis ararseboba, daxmarebis daniSvnisTvis saWiro sareitingo qulebis uTanabroba regionebis
mixedviT ganapirobebs qveynis mosaxleobis didi nawilis mZime mdgomareobas.
socialuri daxmarebis miRebis procesSi moqalaqeebs biurokratiuli barierebi eRobeba, dax-
marebas iReben is ojaxebi, visac ar ekuTvnis daxmareba, maSin roca uamravi gaWirvebuli adamiani
daxmarebis gareSe rCeba.
socialuri daxmarebis sferoSi “axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebia:
• mkafiod Camoyalibdes socialuri daxmarebis gacemis sruliad axali principi, romlis mTa-
vari ganmsazrvreli iqneba daxmarebis daniSvnis momentisTvis ojaxis Semosavlebis odenoba
da misi Tanafardoba saarsebo minimumTan, nacvlad dRes arsebuli mankieri principisa, rode-
sac socialuri daxmarebis saagentos eZleva ojaxis socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis
Sefasebis sxvadasxagvari interpretirebis saSualeba;
• damyardes sruli wesrigi socialuri daxmarebebis gacemaSi;
• unda aRmoifxvras uTanabroba socialuri daxmarebis gacemisTvis sareitingo qulebis raode-
nobaSi, rodesac es qula sxvadasxvaa TbilisSi, aWaraSi da danarCen regionebSi da dadgindes
daxmarebis gacemisTvis erTiani sareitingo qula qveynis masStabiT, kerZod socialurad
daucveli ojaxisTvis daxmarebis daniSvna xdebodes 100 000 qulaze;
• Sesruldes “ moqalaqeTa socialuri daxmarebis Sesaxeb” saqarTvelos kanonis me-17 muxli da
Ria da sajaro gaxdes ojaxebisaTvis miniWebuli sareitingo qulebi. moqalaqeebs daintere-
sebis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebloba hqondeT gaigon ra qulebiT Sefasda maTi qoneba;
• umweoTa dazRvevas unda daematos medikamentebiT uzrunvelyofa
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis uzrunvelyofa
bolo wlebSi saxelmwifom SeimuSava iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa – devnilTa mimarT sax-
elmwifo strategia. strategia ganxorcielda ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: 1. pirobebis Seqmna
devnilTa Rirseuli cxovrebisTvis da maTi sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi integracia 2. mxardaWer-
is aRmoCena im devnilTaTvis, romlebic stiqiurad dabrundnen mudmiv sacxovrebl adgilze.
strategiiT gaTvaliswinebuli iyo koleqtiuri Casaxlebis obieqtebis etapobrivad daxurva,
devnilTa integracia da saxelmwifo daxmarebaze damokidebulebis Semcireba.
daiwyo koleqtiuri centrebis daxurvis procesi, sacxovreblad vargisi, gansakuTrebuli
datvirTvis armqone koleqtiuri centrebi gadaecaT devnilebs privatizaciis formiT, nawili
devnilebisa Casaxldnen maTTvis sagangebod aSenebul an garemontebul korpusebSi, nawilze
gaica sacxovreblebis sanacvlod fuladi daxmareba,magram procesSi daSvebuli iyo uxeSi Sec-
domebi, romlebsac axlac aqvs adgili:
devnilebis Casaxlebis dros ar iqna gaTvalisiwinebuli maTi ekonomikuri saqmianobis xelSewyoba,
romelic mudmiv sacxovrebel adgilebze gaaadvilebda maT reintegracias, maTi didi nawili darCa
miwis, saojaxo meurneobis da Sesabamisad Semosavlis raime wyaros gareSe.
ziani miadga devnilTa Soris Camoyalibebul socialur da ekonomikur kavSirebs.
90
sacxovreblebis sanacvlod devnilTaTvis gasacemi fuladi daxmareba xSirad ar iyo sabazro
fasebis Sesabamisi da adekvaturi, maT mimarT adgili hqonda Zaladobriv iZulebiT qmedebebs,
romlis drosac dairRva maTi uflebebi.
devnilTa umetesoba dResac cxovrobs umZimes socialur pirobebSi, infrastruqturis Tvalsaz-
risiT saxarbielo mdgomareoba arc axali Casaxlebis adgilebSia. saqarTveloSi amJamad cxov-
robs 250 aTasi devnili, romlebic mTeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 6% Seadgenen. ZiriTadad
maTi Casaxlebis adgilebi absoluturad gamousadegaria sacxovreblad.
iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT
prioritetebia:
• gadaixedos iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa mimarT saxelmwifo strategia da maTi Casaxleba
ZiriTadad moxdes saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionSi sagangebod maTTvis gamosyidul indi-
vidualur sacxovrebel saxlebSi, sadac mowyobilia Sinameurneoba da Seqmnilia pirobebi
ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis;
• devnilTa im jgufebisTvis, romlebsac ar gaaCniaT TviTkmarobis misaRwevad saWiro resurse-
bi ( SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone pirebi, martoxela da umweo moxucebi, martoxela dede-
bi da maTi Svilebi, oboli bavSvebi), ganisazRvros socialuri da humanitaruli daxmarebis
sxvadasxva formebis gamoyeneba;
• moxdes iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Casaxlebebis inventarizacia, maTi saWiroebebis
gansazRvra da infrastruqturuli proeqtebis ganxorcieleba devnilTa normaluri
sayofacxovrebo pirobebis Sesaqmnelad;
• devnilTa dacva ukanono gamosaxlebebisgan;
• konfliqtur zonaSi stiqiurad dabrunebul devnilTa mxardaWera, saxelmwifo uwyebebis
koordinirebuli muSaoba, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnas konfliqtis zonebSi stiqiurad dab-
runebul devnilTa usafrTxoeba;
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis
samarTebrivi da socialuri dacva
veteranebi ganekuTvnebian im socialur jgufs, romelsac saxelmwifosgan meti yuradReba es-
aWiroeba.
saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi Setanili mTeli rigi cvlilebebis Sedegad gauaresda omisa da
samxedro Zalebis veteranebis socialuri pirobebi, zog SemTxvevaSi Semcirda, umetes SemTxveva-
Si ki saerTod gauqmda maTTvis gamoyofili socialuri daxmarebis normebi.
“samxedro, Sinagan saqmeTa organoebis da saxelmwifo dacvis specialuri samsaxuridan TadarigSi
daTxovnil pirTa da maTi ojaxis wevrTa socialuri uzrunvelyofis Sesaxeb” kanonmdebloba
naklebad uzrunvelyofs ara marto TviT veteranebis, aramed maTi ojaxebis wevrebis socialur
dacvas.
kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebuli socialuri dacvis zomebi saerTod ar gamoxatavs pativis-
cemas im adamianebis xsovnis da maTi ojaxebis mimarT, romlebmac Tavi Seswires qveynis terito-
riul mTlianobas.
aseve, umniSvneloa saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis, sxva qveynebis teritoriaze br-
ZolebSi da konfliqtur zonebSi samsaxurebrivi movaleobis Sesrulebisas miRebuli janmrTelo-
bis dazianebis gamo mkveTrad da mniSvnelovnad gamoxatuli SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone
pirebisaTvis saxelmwifo pensiebis raodenoba.
91
aseve araTanazomadia konfliqtur zonebSi ugzo-ukvlod dakargul mebrZolTa ojaxis wevre-
bze kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli daxmarebebi.
saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebSi momsaxureTa mebrZoli suli, maTi fsiqologiuri mzadyofna
mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli imaze, Tu rogor zrunavs qveyana Tavis veteranebze. vinc
dRes dgas qveynis sadarajoze, unda xedavdes, rom veterani saxelmwifosgan dafasebuli da so-
cialurad daculia.
saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisaTvis brZolebis monawileTa da maTi ojaxebis
samarTebrivi da socialuri dacvis mimarTulebiT Cveni prioritetebia:
• saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobisTvis da ucxo qveynis teritoriaze sabrZolo opera-
ciebSi monawileTaTvis umaRlesi da profesiuli ganaTlebis dafinanseba uzrunvelyofili
iqnas saxelmwifos xarjze;
• TiToeuli veterani uzrunvelyofili samedicino dazRvevis polisiT da medikamentebiT sax-
elmwifos xarjze;
• veteranTa socialuri dacvis samarTlebrivi bazis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofs yvela
tipis veteranTa garantirebul socialur dacvas, aRmofxvris uTanabrobas maT sxvadasxva
kategorias Soris arsebul dacvis sxvadasxva dones Soris;
• veteranTaTvis gamoyofili socialuri daxmareba unda qmnides maTi Rirseuli cxovrebis
garantias, es daxmareba unda warmoadgendes ara mxolod saarsebo minimums, aramed, unda
qmnides pirobebs, maT SeZlon adamianis ZiriTadi saWiroebebis - ganaTlebis, kulturuli
cxovrebis moTxovnebis dakmayofileba;
• SeRavaTebi transportis da sxva saxis momsaxurebis uzrunvelyofaSi gavrceldes ara mxolod
dedaqalaqSi mcxovreb veteranebze, aramed mTeli saqarTvelos masStabiT:
• saxelmwifom unda uzrunvelyos veteranebis fsiqo logiuri reabilitacia, raTa moxdes
sazogadoebaSi maTi srulyofili integracia da isini gaxdnen samoqalaqo sazogadoebis
srulfasovani wevrebi;
• veteranebis samedicino, saprotezo-orTopediuli daxmareba, sanitarul –sakurorto
mkurnaloba, samkurnalo saSualebebiT uzrunvelyofa, reabilitacia, uzrunvelyofili unda
iyos janmrTelobis dacvis saxelmwifo programebiT;
• unda aRmoifxvras gansxvaveba Tbilissa da saqarTvelos sxva regionebSi mcxovreb veteranTa
socialuri daxmarebis formebsa da raodenobaSi. regionebSi mcxovreb veteranebsa da maT
ojaxebze unda vrceldebodes daxmarebis yvela is forma da SeRavaTi, romelic vrceldeba
dedaqalaqSi mcxovreb veteranebsa da maT ojaxebze;
92
Tavi VII. . gamarTuli infrastruqtura - gza, wyali, gazi, transporti yvela qalaqisa da soflisTvis
1. arsebuli mdgomareoba
qveyanaSi bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielda infrastruqturuli proeqtebi, romelTac
garkveulad xeli Seuwyves dasaxlebul punqtebSi gzis, wyalmomaragebis, satransporto momsax-
urebis problemebis mogvarebas. gaizarda investiciebi am sferoSi. infrastruqturis seqtoris
ganviTareba xelisuflebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebadaa gamocxadebuli.
miuxedavad amisa qveyanaSi, gansakuTrebiT soflad, infrastruqtura Zalian sustadaa ganvi-
Tarebuli: soflebis udides nawils ar aqvs gza, wyali, gazi, soflebSi an saerTod ar arsebobs
raionebTan damakavSirebeli transporti, an imdenad moZvelebulia, rom misi eqspluatacia saSiS-
roebis Semcvelia.
umZimesi mdgomareobaa infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT devnilTa Casaxlebis adgilebSi. saqa-
rTveloSi amJamad cxovrobs 250 aTasi devnili, romlebic mTeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 6%
Seadgenen. ZiriTadad maTi Casaxlebis adgilebi absoluturad gamousadegaria sacxovreblad.
garda imisa, rom ugzooba, uwyloba da sxva komunikaciebis ararseboba umZimes mdgomareobaSi
ayenebs regionebSi mcxovreb mosaxleobas, infrastruqturis TvalsazrisiT arsebuli viTareba
xSir SemTxvevaSi ganapirobebs CamorCenas regionebis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi: ug-
zoobis gamo regionebis mosaxleobas uWirs produqciis realizacia, Zlivs naSovni da daqirave-
buli traqtori da sasoflo sameurneo teqnika uars ambobs miuval soflebSi misvlaze.
disproporciaa calkeuli regionebis socialur-ekonomikur da infrastruqturul ganviTareba-
Si: saqarTveloSi arseboben SedarebiT ganviTarebuli da CamorCenili raionebi, romelTa mdgo-
mareoba katastrofulia. gansakuTrebiT mTian regionebSi.
regionebis infrastruqturaSi arsebuli mdgomareoba miuTiTebs xelisuflebis araswor re-
gionul politikaze da TviTmmarTvelobis arsebul mdgomareobaze: TviTmmarTvelobis orga-
noebi, romlebic ufro axlos dganan xalxTan da kargad icnoben adgilobriv saWiroebebs, ar
monawileoben regionuli proeqtebis dagegmvis procesSi. kanonmdeblobiT ar aris gansazRvruli
adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis uflebamosileba, SeimuSaos da daamtkicos TviTmmarTve-
li erTeulis ganviTarebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis programa.
qalaqebisgan gansxvavebiT regionebSi ar aris mogvarebuli dasufTaveba da sayofacxovrebo nar-
Cenebis gatana, ar arsebobs nagavsayrelebi. am TvalsazrisiT regionebSi Seqmnili mdgomareoba
sagangaSoa.
ignorirebulia moqalaqeTa monawileoba regionuli ganviTarebis da regionuli infrastruqtu-
ruli proeqtebis dagegmvis da ganxorcielebis procesSi, ris gamoc ar aris uzrunvelyofili
regionuli marTvis meti gamWvirvaloba, gaxsniloba, samoqalaqo Tanxmobis miRweva da regio-
nuli marTvis efeqtianobis amaRleba.
Zalian maRalia tarifebi da arasworad aris organizebuli gadasaxadis amoReba sayofacxovrebo
narCenebis gatanis da wyliT sargeblobisTvis.
93
regionuli infrastruqturis ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT “axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi
iqneba:
• gamarTuli infrastruqtura - yvela sofels
wyali, gazi, gza - uzrunvelyofili unda iyos yvela sofelSi;
• wyalmomaragebis da wyalarinebis uzrunvelyofa
* regionebSi unda Seiqmnas da ganviTardes kanalizaciisa da saniaRvre infrastruqtura;
* gafarTovdes da gaizardos wyalmomaragebisa da wyalarinebis sistemebis momsaxurebis
areali;
• soflebis gazificireba
gazificirebis procesSi mosaxleobisTvis xelisSewyobis mizniT dainergos SeRavaTiani gan-
vadebis pirobebi;
• gadasaxadebi da tarifebi
gauqmebuli iqneba eleqtroenergiis gadasaxadze wylis da dasufTavebis gadasaxadis “mibmis”
diskrimi naciuli wesi;
• satransporto sistemis ganviTareba
* gamarTuli satransporto infrastruqturis Seqmna;
* transportis sxvadasxva saxeobebis koordinirebuli ganviTarebis prioritetebis gansazRvra;
* regionebSi Sidasaraiono mimosvlisTvis saavtomobilo parkebis formireba jansaRi
konkurentuli garemos pirobebSi;
* saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo gzebis ganviTareba;
* Sida frenebisTvis infrastruqturis ganviTareba;
* saqarTvelos Savi zRvis sanapiro regionebis sazRvao-satransporto infrastruqturis
ganviTareba;
• gzebis mSenebloba qalaqebsa da soflebSi
soflebis Sida gzebis Tanamedrove grZelvadiani saeqspluatacio vadis safaris dagebis da
aRdgenis mravalwliani gegmis SemuSaveba da misi etapobrivad ganxorcieleba;
• swori dagegmva da regionebs Soris disproporciis aRmofxvra
uflebamosilebaTa centraluri donidan qveda doneze Camotana, adgilobrivi TviTmmarTv-
elobebis rolis zrda infrastruqturuli proeqtebis dagegmva da ganxorcielebaSi;
regionuli ganviTarebis strategiis dagegmvis, miRebis, ganxorcielebisa da monitoringis
procesis sajarooba, am procesSi moqalaqeebis, dainteresebuli mxareebis, organizaciebisa
da sxvadasxva socialuri jgufebis CarTuloba;
kanonmdeblobiT iqnas uzrunvelyofili adgilobrivi TviTmmarTveli erTeulis ufle-
bamosileba, SeimuSaos da daamtkicos TviTmmarTveli erTeulis infrastruqturuli ganviTa-
rebis strategia da misi ganxorcielebis programa;
* dasufTaveba da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatana
regionebSi Seiqmnas teritoriis dasufTavebis da sayofacxovrebo narCenebis gatanis sam-
saxurebi, romlebic ifunqcionireben ara mxolod raionul centrebSi da uzrunvelyofen
sofleSic analogiuri samuSaoebis Catarebas;
94
Tavi VIII. investicia momavalSi - meti Sansebi ganaTlebis, kvlevisa da inovaciebisaTvis
1. arsebuli mdgomareobis analizi
ganaTlebis sistemis reformireba mmarTveli partiis mier yvelaze warmatebul reformad iyo
miCneuli. Tumca reformis dawyebidan ramdenime weliwadSi xelisufleba iZulebuli gaxda eRi-
arebina daSvebuli Secdomebi da gamoecxadebina reformis axali etapi.
ganaTlebis sistemis reformis Sefasebisas aucilebelia gamoiyos ramdenime mniSvnelovani cv-
lileba, romelTac dadebiTi gavlena moaxdines sferoSi arsebuli mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis
TvalsazrisiT: sakanonmdeblo doneze sistemis Zireuli maxasiaTeblebis gansazRvra, dafinan-
sebis vauCerul (PerCapita) principze gadasvla da skolebis konkurentul garemoSi moqceva,
ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis determinacia da saswavlo garemos modernizacia, maswavlebelTa
profesiuli ganviTarebis axali sistemis Seqmna, skolebis akreditacia, erTiani erovnuli ga-
mocdebis sistemis Seqmna, profesiuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi dawyebuli modernizacia da sxva.
ganaTlebis sistemis ZiriTad gamowvevas ganaTlebis erovnuli miznebis efeqtiani miRweva da
ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRleba warmoadgens. skolebs am amocanebis gadaWraSi umniSvnelova-
nesi roli akisriaT, xolo gadamwyvet faqtors decentralizebul sistemaSi Tavad skolebis
warmatebuli funqcionirebisaTvis marTvis mwyobri sistema warmoadgens.
saqarTveloSi ganaTlebis sistemis mniSvnelovani reformirebis periodad 2004 wlis Semdgomi
wlebi moiazreba, Tumca garkveuli, umniSvnelo Zvrebi am mimarTulebiT 90- iani wlebis bolo-
danac aRiniSneboda. 2001 wlis Semdeg daiwyo „saqarTvelos ganaTlebis sistemis gardaqmnisa da
ganmtkicebis “msoflio bankis proeqti, romlis saSualebiTac reformam metad sistemuri xasiaTi
SeiZina, miuxedavad amisa Zireuli cvlilebebis aqtiuri faza, mainc 2005 wlis Semdgom periodze
modis.
ganaTlebis sistemis reformirebis ZiriTad mimarTulebad sistemis decentralizacia dasaxelda,
Tumca konkretulad ar gansazRvrula decentralizaciis ra xarisxze iyo aqcentebi gakeTebuli
da romel doneze unda ganxorcielebuliyo aRniSnuli procesi.
ganaTlebis sistemis decentralizacia sakmaod gavrcelebuli tendenciaa msoflios mraval
qveyanaSi.zogadad, decentralizacia marTvaSi ganisazRvreba rogorc gadawyvetilebebis miRebaze
uflebamosilebis gadacema organizaciuli ierarqiis zeda donidan qveda doneze.
decentralizaciisadmi interesi msoflioSi (1970-ian wlebSi) samma ZiriTadma faqtorma ganapiroba.
esenia politikuri, socialur-ekonomikuri da teqnikuri faqtorebi:
• politikuri faqtori
centralizebuli marTvis modelis kritikas yvela sferoSi (amerikaSi, ruseTsa da aRmosav-
leT evropaSi)Sedegad mohyva centraluri mTavrobis rolis reformireba da Semcireba da
bazris rolis gazrda.
• socialur-ekonomikuri faqtori
superanacionaluri organizaciebis warmoqmna amcirebda nacionaluri mTavrobebis gavle-
nas. meores mxriv, bazarze orientirebuli gadawyvetilebebi xels uwyobda adgilobrivi
jgufebis ganviTarebas, centralur mTavrobas sul ufro uWirda socialuri programebisaT-
vis Tanxebis mobilizeba.
amave dros,msoflios ganaTlebis sistemebSi gaormagda da gasammagda moswavleTa nakadi.
maswavlebelTa da moswavleTa raodenobis zrdis pirobebSi centralizebuli mTavroba veRar
95
uzrunvelyofda xarisxs, zrdadi sazogadoebrivi ukmayofileba Camoyalibda moTxovnaSi, rom
gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesma gadainacvlos adgilobriv doneze.
• teqnikuri faqtori
sainformacio da sakomunikacio teqnologiebis ganviTarebam gaamartiva sxvadasxva sistemebis
kontroli decentralizebuli marTvis pirobebSi. marTvis axali paradigma yuradRebas amax-
vilebda Sedegze da ara Senatanze, rac zrdida gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi adgilo-
brivi aqtorebis monawileobis mniSvnelovnebas.
sxvadasxva qveyanaSi decentralizaciis procesi sxvadasxva mizans isaxavs. Tumca, SesaZlebelia
maTi samdid kategoriaSi dajgufebac. decentralizaciis procesi ganpirobebulia:
politikuri motivebiT-gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi im jgufebis CarTvis SesaZle-
bloba, romlebic ar iyvnen CarTulebi an Tvlidnen, rom ar iyvnen CarTulebi.
• finansuri motivebiT
centralur mTavrobas ar surs an ar SeuZlia upasuxos sistemis finansur saWiroebebs.
• efeqtianobis motivebiT
romlebic eyrdnoba arguments ,rom adgilobriv doneze gadawyvetilebis miReba amcirebs
erTi konkretuli Sedegis miRwevisaTvis saWiro danaxarjs.
decentralizaciis miznebi
ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba:
• Senatanis odenobis gazrda;
• Senatanis xarisxis gazrda:
• programebis relevanturobis gazrda an programebis morgeba adgilobriv interesebze;
• programebis inovaciurobis gazrda;
• moswavleTaTvis arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZleblobis miniWeba;
• ganaTlebis misawvdomobis kuTxiT uTanasworobis Semcireba;
• swavlis Sedegebis gaumjobeseba.
ganaTlebis sistemis funqcionirebis gaumjobeseba:
• resursebis ganawilebis efeqtianobis gazrda;
• resursebis gamoyenebis efeqtianobis gazrda;
• programebis morgeba damsaqmebelTa moTxovnebze;
ganaTlebis dafinansebis odenobis da wyaroebis gazrda:
• ganaTlebaze daxarjuli Tanxebis odenobis gazrda;
• Tanxebis relokacia erTi socialuri jgufidan meoreze (da ara mTavrobis erTi donidan
meoreze);
centraluri mTavrobis interesebis dakmayofileba:
• gare politikuri problemebis Tavidan acileba;
• Sida biurokratiuli problemebis Tavidan acileba;
• finansuri problemebis Semcireba (magaliTad, Semosavlebis generirebis funqciis adgilo-
briv TviTmmarTvelobaze gadabareba);
• erovnul doneze korufciis Semcireba;
adgilobrivi mTavrobis interesebis dakmayofileba:
• ganaTlebisaTvis gankuTvnili Semosavlebis gazrda;
• adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebis gafarToeba;
• centralur mTavrobaze zemoqmedebis berketebis warmoqmna;
• politikuri Zalauflebis gadanawileba, centralur doneze aqtorebis Sesusteba
96
miuxedavad reformirebis gzaze warmoqmnili problemebisa, decentralizaciis procesi mimarTu-
lia ganaTlebisa da marTvis efeqtianobis xarisxis gaumjobesebaze da ganapirobebs moqalaqeTa
gansxvavebuli saganmanaTleblo moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebas. decentralizaciis pirobebSi
SesaZlebeli xdeba gadawyvetilebis meti operatiulobiT miReba da konkretuli skoliT mo-
sargebleTa specifikuri moTxovnebis gaTvaliswineba.
decentralizacia saqarTveloSi
reformis pirvel etapze (2004 wlidan) decentralizaciis mimarTulebiT gadaidga ramdenime
pozitiuri nabiji.
zogadi ganaTlebis kanonidan gamomdinare (2005), saqarTveloSi arsebuli decentralizaciis mcd-
eloba SeiZleba daxasiaTdes, rogorc gadawyvetilebebis didi nawilis miRebaze uflebamosilebis
devolucia skolisa da sxva sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis doneze, sadac centraluri
xelisufleba, ZiriTadad, ganaTlebis politikis, regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvris
funqcias itovebs.
magram, miuxedavad sakanonmdeblo doneze arsebuli decentralizebuli sistemisa, 2009 wli-
dan daiwyo ukuprocesi da nacvlad decentralizaciisa miviReT ukiduresad centralizebuli
sistema, rodesac ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens siste-
mis avtonomiuri erTeulebis Sida procesebze, iqneba es: direqtorebis daniSvna, skolebis Sida
sakadro politika, finansebis gankargva Tu sxva.
miuxedavad imisa, rom kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros mier
skolebi dafuZndnen farTo avtonomiis mqone organizaciebad sajaro samarTlis iuridiul
pirebad da saSualeba miecaT gaexsnaT sakuTari angariSi bankSi. Senoba da Sesabamisi miwis far-
Tobi gadaeca uvado da usasyidlo uzurfruqtis xelSekrulebiT, maTi avtonomia praqtikulad
SezRudulia.
sameurveo sabWoebma, rogorc skolis umaRlesma warmomadgenlobiTma organom, zogadi gana-
Tlebis kanonis Sesabamisad sakmaod farTo uflebamosilebebi moipova, magram maT praqtikulad
ver iTamaSes veranairi roli im uflebamosilebebis ganxorcielebaSi, romelic kanonmdeblobiT
aqvT miniWebuli. sameurveo sabWoebis ara kompetenturobis da formalurad arsebobis gamo
ganaTlebis saministros kargi niadagi eqmneba avtoritaruli mmarTvelobisaTvis. formaluri da
ara formaluri skolis direqtorebi ver gaTavisufldnen gareSe zewolisgan.
ar gazrdila adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobebis roli zogadi ganaTlebis sferoSi. es roli
ZiriTadad, skolebis daxmarebisa da xelSewyobis xasiaTis matarebelia da gadawyvetilebebis
miRebis procesSi maTi monawileoba praqtikulad ar xdeba: adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas aqvs
skolebis daxmarebis ufleba da ara valdebuleba, rac arasistemurs xdis maTi mxridan skolebis
mxardaWeras.
igive SeiZleba iTqvas ganaTlebis resurscentrebis Sesaxeb. maTi saqmianobis miznebi, funqciebi
da amocanebi ganisazRvreba ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis ministris brZanebis safuZvelze damt-
kicebuli tipuri debulebiT. Tumca isini naklebad arian aRWurvili uflebamosilebebiT da maTi
funqcia ZiriTadad informaciis centridan periferiaze da piriqiT gadacemiT Semoifargleba.
resurscentrebis saqmianobis naklad SeiZleba CaiTvalos daniSnulebis bundovaneba, finasebis
simcire, kadrebis nakleboba, materialur-teqnikuri bazis gaumarTaoba.
cvlilebebi ganxorcielda ganaTlebis da finansebis sferoSic. yvelaze mniSvnelovani sistemuri
nabiji2004 wels gadaidga, rodesac moxda zogad - saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis erT moswav-
97
leze dafinansebaze gadasvla. igive principi amuSavda umaRlesi saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebeb-
Sic, sadac saxelmwifo saswavlo grants moipoveben is studentebi, romlebic saukeTeso Sedegebs
aCveneben erTian erovnul gamocdebze.
miuxedavad imisa, rom wina wlebTan SdarebiT ganaTlebis dafinanseba gaizarda, mdgomareoba
mainc arasaxarbieloa.
maSin, roca xelisufleba ganaTlebas prioritetad aRiarebs, Zalze dabalia ganaTlebaze gaweu-
li xarjebis wili ( igi mSp daaxloebiT 2.5%-s udris), maSin, rodesac es maCvenebeli postsab-
WoTa qveynebSic ki bevrad maRalia).
aRniSnuli maCvenebeli sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT Zalze ara saxarbielo poziciaSi ayenebs saqa-
rTvelos.
rac yvelaze mTavaria saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebulma ganaTlebis reformam ver uzrunvelyo
swavlebis xarisxis amaRleba da xarisxiani ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba.
reformebis pirvelive etapze daSvebulma Secdomebma gamoiwvia skolis funqciis moSla. Sesabam-
isad, miviReT skolis kedlebSi mandaturis meSveobiT moqceuli moswavleebi, xolo xarisxiani
ganaTleba isev skolis gareT darCa. xarisxiani ganaTlebis danaklisi ivseba kerZo repetitoro-
biT, romelic saqarTveloSi sakmaod farTodaa gavrcelebuli.
kvlevebi adastureben, rom umaRles saswavleblebSi CaricxulTa 4/5 mimarTavda kerZo repeti-
torebTan momzadebis raime formas, maSin roca xarisxian zogad ganaTlebaSi mSobels ar unda
sWirdebodes damatebiTi gadasaxadis gadaxda.
arcerTi kerZ.
repetitorebi
mosamz.
kursebi
orive-
kerZ. da rep
98
miuxedavad garkveuli Zvrebisa kritikas ver uZlebs skolebis materialur-teqnikuri bazis md-
gomareoba, gansakuTrebiT soflad. optimizaciis sababiT masobrivad ixureba soflebis skolebi
da moswavleebs mezobel soflebSi ramdenime kilometri fexiT uwevT siaruli.
es mniSvnelovnad gamowveulia swored sistemis ukiduresi centralizaciiT da adgilobrivi
TviTTmarTvelobis organoebis uflebebis dakninebiT. rodesac wydeba ama Tu im sofelSi skolis
daxurvis sakiTxi, es organoebi gadawyvetilebebis miRebis procesSi ar monawileoben.
Secdomaa daSvebuli maswavlebelTa serTificirebis udavod dadebiT procesSi, sadac arsad
aris sagakveTilo procesis warmarTvis unaris Sefaseba, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania nebismieri
kategoriis maswavleblisaTvis.
seriozouli problemebia profesiul ganaTlebaSi. Sromis bazris moTxovnis Seswavlis gareSe
ixureba profesiuli saswavleblebi, mwiria dafinanseba, ganaTlebaze gamoyofili sabiujeto
asignebebis mxolod 1 %-s Seadgens profesiul ganaTlebaze gamoyofili Tanxebis raodenoba.
miuxedavad dadebiTi tendenciasa, rac SoTa rusTavelis saxelobis erovnuli samecniero fondis
SeqmniT gamoixata, umZimes mdgomareobaSia qarTuli mecniereba.
“axali memarjveneebis” prioritetebi ganaTlebis sferoSi:
1. dafinanseba
Cven gavaormagebT ganaTlebis biujets.
saqarTvelos biujetSi ganaTlebisTvis gamoyofili Tanxa dRevandeli 8 procentidan gaizrdeba
16%-mde, xolo mSp-sTan mimarTebSi dRevndeli 2,2%-dan gaizrdeba 5%-mde.
2. skolamdeli ganaTleba
xelmisawvdomi da xarisxiani skolamdeli ganaTlebis gareSe SeuZlebelia saxelmwifom saTanado
doneze xeli Seuwyos iseT mniSvnelovan sakiTxebs rogoricaa, gonebrivad da fizikurad ganviTa-
rebuli Taobis aRzrda, Sobadobis zrdis xelSewyoba, dasaqmebuli mSoblebis mxardaWera da sxva.
sworad organizebuli skolamdeli ganaTleba mniSvnelovan winapirobas qmnis bavSvis momavali
warmatebisaTvis, xolo mciredma Secdomamac ki am safexurze SesaZlebelia gamousworebeli
problemebis winaSe daayenos moswavle. amisaTvis aucilebelia mwyobri, mizanmimarTuli politi-
kis SemuSaveba d adetaluri strategiuli dagegmva skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferoSi.
• prioritetuloba da xelmisawvdomoba
skolamdeli ganaTlebis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa igi prioritetulobiT gauTanabrdes zogad
ganaTlebas.unda iqnes miRweuli misi yvelasaTvis Tanabari xelmisawvdomoba da maRali xarisxi.
unda moxdes xelSewyoba da stimulireba am sferoSi kerZo seqtoris ganviTarebisaTvis.
• normatiuli baza
aucilebelia SemuSavdes skolamdeli ganaTlebis koncefcia da skolamdeli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb
kanoni, romelic daaregulirebs skolamdeli ganaTlebis sferos da detalurad gansazRvravs
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros, Sromis, janmrTelobis da socialuri dacvis saminis-
trosa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis funqciebs, uflebebsa da movaleobebs.
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mSoblebisa da pedagogebis warmomadgenlebisagan Seiqmnas sameurveo sabWoebi skolamdeli ga-
naTlebis dawesebulebebSi. sameurveo sabWoebs mieceT direqtorebis arCevis, biujetis damt-
kicebisa da xarjvis monitoringis funqcia.
damuSavdes adreuli swavlisa da ganviTarebis standartebi da gaxdes savaldebulo. erovnul
saswavlo gegmaSi Sevides skolamdeli ganaTlebis komponenti. Seiqmnas skolamdeli ganaTlebis
pedagogis standarti.ganviTardes skolamdeli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebis pedagogis momza-
debis sauniversiteto programebi.
• dafinanseba
skolamdeli saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis dafinanseba moxdes centraluri biujetidan vau-
CeriT da adgilobrivi biujetidan sabazo dafinansebiT. vauCeris gamoTvla moxdes saWiroebebze
da ara arsebulresursebze damyarebuli formuliT. SemuSavdes minimaluri sabazo dafinansebis
gaangariSebis wesi.
3. zogadi da umaRlesi ganaTleba
zogadi ganaTlebis sistema yvelaze rTuli da mraval komponentiania arsebul saxelmwifo sis-
temebs Soris. garda ZiriTadi politikuri mimarTulebebisa da msxvili miznebisa sistema moicavs
uamrav mcire, magram mniSvnelovan detals. sistemis yoveli komponenti urTierTreagirebs da
erTi maTgan is Cavardnamac ki SeiZleba mTeli sistemis moSla da misi kontrproduqtiuloba
gamoiwvios. garda regulaciebisa ganaTlebis sistemaSi, mis xarisxze da warmatebul funqcioni-
rebaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens adamianuri faqtori. TiToeul pedagogze damokidebuli
aTeulobiT moswavlis bedi da momavali.mTlianobaSi ganaTlebis rTuli sistema sabolood
daiyvaneba konkretul gakveTilamde sadac pedagogi da moswavleebi pirispir rCebian.aseTi
gakveTilebis zRvrulma erTobliobam ki unda migviyvanos erovnuli miznebis miRwevamde. garda
amisa sistemis Sedegianobaze umniSvnelovanes gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis damokidebuleba,
maTi informirebulobis done da monawileoba ganaTlebis procesebSi.
• decentralizacia
moxdeba ganaTlebis sistemis marTvis realuri decentralizacia da uflebebis sruli dele-
gireba. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros funqciad realurad ganisazRvreba politikis,
regulaciebisa da standartebis gansazRvra.
skolebs miecemaT saSualeba srulfasovnad moaxdinon kanoniT miniWebuli uflebebis real-
izacia. ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros SeezRudeba skolebis direqtorebis daniSvnis
funqcia.
Seiqmneba skolis auditis jgufebi, romlebic daexmarebian skolebs finansuri da administraci-
uli saqmis warmoebaSi, rac saministros generalur inspeqcias CamoarTmevs skolis daSinebis
berketebs.
moxdeba adgilobrivi mmarTvelobisTvis skolebis dafuZnebis, likvidaciisa da optimizaciis
uflebis delegireba.
• ganaTlebis saministro
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministro gaxdeba Ria da gamWvirvale organizacia. xelmisawvdomi
100
unda gaxddes yvelanairi informacia raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis Sesaxeb.
unda aRdges da gaZlierdes kvlevebis segmenti ganaTlebis sistemaSi, romlis funqciac unda
iyos permanentuli Sida Sefasebebis Catareba da gare Sefasebis mxardaWera, kvlevebis dakveTa da
maTi ganxorcielebis xelSewyoba.
gaizrdeba samoqalaqo seqtoris monawileoba reformis procesSi. moxdeba yoveli dagegmili
cvlilebisaTvis sajaro ganxilvebis mowyoba da sazogadoebis maqsimaluri informirebuloba.
Seicvleba mandaturis daqvemdebareba da igi aRar daeqvemdebareba saministros. es iqneba skolis
mandaturi, romlis funqciaa skolaSi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da ara ministris policia.
• swavlebis safexurebi
swavlebis safexurebi daiyofa Semdegi principiT: dawyebiTi safexuri I-V klasebi, sabazo safex-
uri V-X klasebi da saSualo safexuri XI-XIIklasebi.
swavlebis mesame safexurze (XI-XII klasebi) swavlas ganagrZoben mxolod is moswavleebi,
romelTac surT umaRlesi akademiuri ganaTlebis miReba da moxdeba maTi momzadeba umaRlesi
saswavleblebisTvis.
• pedagogi
maswavlebelze zrunva, misi socialuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, misTvis profesiul ganvi-
TarebaSi xelisSewyoba gaxdeba politikis mTavari mimarTuleba. unda amaRldes maswavleblis
socialuri statusi, raTa man daibrunos sazogadoebaSi kuTvnili adgili.
maswavleblebs finansuradac da meToduradac xeli SeewyobaT kvalifikaciis amaRlebis procesSi.
pedagogTa kvalifikaciis amaRlebis sqema kategoriis miniWebisas gaiTvaliswinebs sagakveTilo
procesis warmarTvis Sefasebis Sedegebs. gaizrdeba serTificirebul pedagogTa anazRaureba
da xelfasze danamatis daweseba ar moxdeba mxolod inglisuri enisa da kompiuteris codnebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
saserTifikacio gamocdaze minimaluri kompetenciis zRvris gadalaxvis SemTxvevaSi maswavle-
blad muSaobis SesaZlebloba unda mieniWos yvela umaRlesi ganaTlebis mqone pirs. maswavleblad
muSaobis dawyebamde, aucilebeli unda gaxdes maZiebeli maswavleblis statusiT muSaoba minimum
eqvsi Tvis ganmavlobaSi mentormaswavleblis kuratorobiT.
• swavlis xarisxis amaRleba
skolaSi unda ganviTardes codnis Sefasebis da kompensaciis meqanizmebi. permanentulad unda
xdebodes moswavleTa mravalkomponentiani Sida saskolo da gare Sefasebebi. aRniSnuli Sefaseba
ar unda atarebdes damsjelobiT xasiaTs. misi mizani unda iyos moswavleebis codnasa da unar-
CvevebSi xarvezebis gamovlena da pedagogebisaTvis rekomendaciebis micema maT gamosasworeblad.
kerZo repetitorobis masStabebis Semcireba unda moxdes mxolod skolaSi ganaTlebis dab-
runebiTa da xarisxis amaRlebiT.
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Cven mxars vuWerT erTiani erovnuli gamocdebis Canacvlebas saatestacio gamocdebiT, radgan
saatestacio gamocda iZleva ufro vrcel maCveneblebs moswavleTa akademiuri moswrebis Sesaxeb.
etapobrivad unda moxdes umaRlesi saswavleblebis realuri avtonomiurobis amaRleba da abitu-
rientTa SerCevis procesSi maTi monawileobis zrda.
skolaSi moswavleTa raodenoba klasSi ar unda aRematebodes 20 moswavles . amiT swavlis
xarisxis amaRlebasTan erTad moimatebs samuSao adgilebis raodenoba pedagogebisTvis.
gansakuTrebuli unarebis mqone bavSvebisTvis Seiqmneba specialuri skolebi, sadac Sesabamisi
saskolo programebis meSveobiT sagangebod Seewyoba xeli maTi niWis ganviTarebas, upirveles
yovlisa sabunebismetyvelo sagnebSi.ganaTlebis sistema aRar iqneba unificirebuli da orien-
tirebuli iqneba inteleqtualuri elitis generirebaze.
• saxelmZRvanelo
dafinansebis zrdasTan erTad unda moxdes dawyebiT da sabazo safexurze moswavleTaTvis sax-
elmZRvaneloebis SeZenis saxelmwifo dafinansebis sistemis SemoReba.
radgan qveynis konstituciis mixedviT, sabazo ganaTleba savaldebuloa, aseve savaldebulo unda
iyos dawyebiT da sabazo safexurebze saxelmZRvaneloebiT moswavleebis uzrunvelyofa saxelm-
wifos xarjze.
• kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centri
saqarTvelo unda gadaiqces kavkasiis saganmanaTleblo centrad da daibrunos Tavisi tradici-
uli adgili regionSi;
• profesiuli ganaTleba
axalgazrdobis mniSvnelovani nawilisaTvis, romelic ar apirebs fundamenturi ganaTlebis
miRebas, qveynis regionebsa da qalaqebSi unda gaixsnas profesiuli da umaRlesi profesiuli
saswavleblebi. Sromis bazris adgilobrivi specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT am saswavleblebSi gan-
sakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces, rogorc saxelobo ganaTlebas, aseve zogad ganaTlebas,
imgavarad rom survilis SemTxvevaSi, profesiuli saswavleblis kursdamTavrebuli mzad iyos
umaRles profesiul saswavlebelSi swavlis gasagrZeleblad. qveyana ar unda ganicdides kvali-
ficiuri SemduReblebis, kalatozebis, sanitrebis, eqTnebisa da sxv. profesiuli kadrebis defi-
cits.
• umaRlesi ganaTleba
mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis saministros mier dRemde tardeba mxolod institucionaluri akred-
itacia. jer-jerobiT ar Catarebuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis programuli akreditacia, rac
evropul saganmanaTleblo sivrceSi integrirebis erT-erTi pirobaa.
universitetebs dauyonebliv unda daubrundes realuri avtonomia, umaRlesi saswavleblis
profesor-maswavleblebma damoukideblad unda gansazRvron saswavleblis marTvis principebi da
saswavlo procesis struqtura. isini realurad TviTon unda irCevdnen saswavleblis reqtors
da xelmZRvanel rgolebs. fakultetebs saSualeba unda mieceT Tavisi moTxovnebi da kriteri-
umebi wauyenon erovnul sagamocdo centrs da maTi moTxovnebi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas
abiturientebis Caricxvis wessa da normativebSi.
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aucileblad unda Seicvalos saxelmwifo umaRlesi saswavleblebis dafinansebis sistema. ar
SeiZleba universitetebis erTaderT finansur wyaros studentis vauCeri warmoadgendes. bolo-
niis procesis fuZemdebluri dokumentebis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo valdebulia afinansebdes
sauniversiteto mecnierebas. sabazo dafinansebis gareSe SeuZlebelia Tanamedrove standartebis
Sesabamisi kvleva mecnierebis fundamentur dargebSi, medicinaSi, pedagogikasa da humanitarul
sferoSi, warmoudgenelia kvleviTi laboratoriebis aRWurva da maTi mudmivi gadaiaraReba.
sauniversiteto mecnierebis gareSe verc swavlebis done da xarisxi iqneba boloniis procesSi
CarTuli umaRlesi saswavleblebis standartis Sesabamisi. metic, boloniis procesis saprogramo
dokumentebis Tanaxmad, universitetad mxolod is saswavlebeli miiCneva, sadac samecniero kvl-
eva da swavleba erTdroul da urTierTgadamkveT procesebs warmoadgens.
garda amisa, saxelmwifo universitetebis sabazo dafinanseba unda faravdes saswavlo procesis
xarjebsac, rac uzrunvelyofs bakalavriatisa da magistraturis safexurze ufaso ganaTlebis
miRebis saSualebas imaTTvis, vinc Sesabamis qulebs daagrovebs saskolo atestisa da saerTo-
erovnuli gamocdebis Sedegad. ufaso seqtorze mswavlelTa raodenoba unda ganisazRvros
ganaTlebis dargSi saxelmwifo politikisa da calkeuli fakultetebis SesaZleblobaTa gaTval-
iswinebiT. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu msurvelTa raodenoba aWarbebs arsebuli adgilebis raodenobas,
calkeul fakultetebs unda mieceT fasiani seqtoris gaxsnis saSualebac, Tuki isini akmayo-
fileben instituciuri akreditaciis normativebs.
• mecniereba
Tanamedrove moTxovnebis Sesabamisi samecniero kvlevebis uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa iseTi axali
qmedunariani institucionaluri sistemis Seqmna, romelic xels Seuwyobs saqarTveloSi arse-
buli samecniero potencialis maqsimalur realizebas, mecnierebis mudmiv ganviTarebas da mis
erTian evropul samecniero sivrceSi integracias.
mecnierebis marTvis sistemis reformis Catarebisas yoveli cvlileba unda efuZnebodes mec-
nierebis organizaciis saerTaSorisod aRiarebul Semdeg normebs:
• akademiuri Tavisuflebis princips, romelic gulisxmobs mecnierTa erTobis sakmaod did av-
tonomias maTi samecniero saqmianobis organizaciisa da, Sesabamisad, mecnierebis akademiuri
mxaris marTvis saqmeSi;
• eqspertizis princips, romelic mecnierebis marTvis umTavres komponentad aRiarebs samec-
niero produqciis Sefasebas Tavad mecnierTa erTobidan gamorCeuli, saerTaSoriso samec-
niero avtoritetis mqone eqspertebis mier;
• koordinaciis princips, fundamentur mecnierebaTa dargebis erTianobis princips, rac mec-
nierebis ganviTarebis mocemul etapze aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens srulfasovani mecni-
eruli saqmianobis efeqturad warmarTvisaTvis;
• codnis akumulaciis princips;
• saswavlo dawesebulebebTan TanamSromlobis princips;
mecnieruli kvleva sakmaod xarjtevadi sferoa da misi ganviTareba soliduri finansirebis
gareSe warmoudgenelia. qveynis mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis aucilebelia, rom qveyanaSi gaizar-
dos mecnierebis biujeturi dafinanseba. Cvens qveyanaSi am TvalsazrisiT dReisTvis arsebuli
maCveneblebi veraviTar kritikas ver uZlebs.
mecnierebis dafinansebaSi mozidul unda iqnas dafinansebis alternatiuli wyaroebi, ZiriTadad
kerZo seqtoris xarjze. saqarTvelom fexi unda auwyos msoflioSi gabatonebul tendencias,
romelic uzrunvelyofs kerZo seqtoris monawileobis zrdas rogorc fundamenturi, ise gamoy-
enebiTi mecnierebis ganviTarebaSi. marto jandacviT mecnierebaze yovelwliurad msoflioSi
daxarjuli daaxloebiT 80 miliardi dolaridan, TiTqmis naxevari - 40 miliardi modis kerZo
seqtorze.
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saxelmwifo universitetebis msgavsad, fundamentur mecnierebaTa dafinansebac unda iTval-
iswinebdes rogorc sabazo, ise grantuli dafinansebis Tanamedrove evropul standartebs.
XXI saukunis dasawyisSi (lisaboni 2000 w. da barselona 2002 w.) evropis qveynebis mTavrobebma
xeli moaweres deklaraciebs, romlis mixedviTac evropa miznad isaxavs 2010 wlisaTvis gaxdes
codnaze damyarebuli sazogadoeba da Seqmnas codnaze damyarebuli ekonomika.
dasavleTis qveynebSi mecnieruli saqmianobis warmarTvis ZiriTadi parametrebi exeba misi da-
finansebis zomas da mecnierebaSi dasaqmebuli adamianebis raodenobas. dasavleT evropaSi
mecnierebis dafinansebas yovelwliurad xmardeba Sida erovnuli produqtis daaxloebiT 3%.
aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi es parametri dRes ukve 1-1,5%-is farglebSia, saqarTveloSi ki
0,.2%-s ar aRemateba. evrokavSiris qveynebSi yovel aTas dasaqmebulze saSualod modis 5 mec-
nier muSaki, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi – 7, xolo iaponiaSi – 9.
es situacia aucilebels xdis saqarTveloSic Seiqmnas mecnierul codnasa da ganaTlebaze da-
fuZnebuli sazogadoeba, rac pirvel rigSi, mecnierebis dafinansebis Tanmimdevrul zrdas da
axalgazrda mecnierTa Camoyalibebis intensifikacis gulisxmobs.
gadaudebelia axalgazrda mecnierTa Camoyalibebis, maTi saerTaSoriso samecniero sivrceSi
integrebisaTvis specialuri saxelmwifo programis SemuSaveba, raTa maT mieceT ucxoeTis samec-
niero centrebSi xangrZlivi samecniero mivlinebis da, agreTve, doqtoranturis kursis gavlis
saSualeba.
saxelmwifom unda gansazRvros prioritetebi qarTuli mecnierebis ganviTarebisTvis, rogorc
zogadi, ise dargobrivi.
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba unda mieqces saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli
iseTi mimarTulebebis mxardaWeras da ganviTarebas, rogoricaa qarTuli enaTmecniereba, Cvens
sarwmunoebasTan, saqarTvelos istoriasTan dakavSirebuli problemebis Seswavla.
mizanSewonilia, saqarTveloSi funqcionirebdes mecnierebis ganviTarebis Sereuli modeli. ker-
Zod: gaZlierdes da meti stimuli mieces sauniversiteto mecnierebas, optimizaciis xarjze xeli
Seewyos akademiuri mecnierebis Semdgom ganviTarebas; unda ganxorcieldes sauwyebo mecnierebis
radikaluri optimizacia da misi didi nawilis integracia akademiur da sauniversiteto mec-
nierebaSi. ganxorcieldes dublirebuli s/k institutebis optimizacia da SesaZleblobis far-
glebSi maTi integracia universitetebTan, riTac xeli Seewyoba akademiuri da sauniversiteto
mecnierebis daaxloebas,
umaRlesi ganaTlebis xarisxis amaRlebis mizniT qveyanaSi unda ganxorcieldes rogorc saxelm-
wifo, ise kerZo umaRlesi saswavleblebis umkacresi programuli akreditacia.
ssip – samecniero kvleviT institutebs unda hqondeT ufleba da valdebuleba saTanado
xelSekrulebebis safuZvelze universitetebTan erTad Caataron samecniero kvlevebi da xeli
Seuwyon magistrantebisa da doqtorantebis momzadebas (aseTi xelSekrulebebi savaldebulo
unda gaxdes kvleviTi institutebisaTvis saxelmwifo akreditaciagavlili universitetebis
moTxovnisTanave da gavrceldes institutis resursebis 15-20%-ze). amgvari TanamSromlobis
xelSekruleba moawesrigebs kvleviTi dawesebulebebisa da universitetebis urTierTobas da
gamoricxavs institutebis meqanikurad mierTebas universitetebTan, rac iwvevs arsebuli kvlevi-
Ti gamocdilebis gabnevas, kvleviTi kulturis donis dacemas, arsebuli samecniero skolebis
daSlas.
104
4. mecniereba da ekonomika
ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis erT-erTi umTavresi amocanaa - saqarTvelos mosaxleobis keTil-
dReobis zrdis uzrunvelyofa. am amocanis gadaWra SeuZlebelia codnaze dafuZnebuli eko-
nomikis mSeneblobis gareSe. unda gamoikveTos mecnierulad dasabuTebuli qveynis ekonomikis
ganviTarebis prioritetebi, gaTvaliswinebiT arsebuli resursebisa, rogoricaa adgilobrivi
nedleuli, kvalificirebuli kadrebi, dagrovili samecniero-teqnologiuri codna manqanamSene-
blobaSi, mikro da optoeleqtrinikaSi, bioteqnologiaSi, qimiur da metalurgiul teqnologieb-
Si, farmokoqimiaSi, energetikaSi, mSeneblobaSi, agroseqtorSi da sxva. ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
prioritetebis gansazRvrisas unda gaTvaliswinebuli iqnes saqarTvelos mier xelmowerili da
ratificirebuli dokumentebi, gansakuTrebiT ekologiisa da energetikis dargebSi (kiotos pro-
tokoli, orxusis konvencia da sxva).
codnaze dafuZnebuli ekonomikis mSeneblobisaTvis aucilebelia programuli grantebis meqaniz-
mis amoqmedeba da sainovacio politikis gatareba. cnobilia, rom Tu mecnierebisa da inovaciebis
dafinanseba naklebia, vidre mTliani erovnuli produqtis 1%, ekonomikis zrdis TvalsazrisiT
progress ar unda velodoT da damatebiTi dafinanseba ekonomikidan praqtikulad ar Semodis.
aucilebelia, rom saqarTvelos biujetidan mecnierebisa da inovaciebis dafinanseba swrafad
gaizardos am minimalur maCveneblamde mainc. fundamentur mecnierebaTa erovnul centrs an
dargobriv centrebs unda daevalos swrafad Seivson monacemTa baza qveyanaSi arsebuli Taname-
drove teqnologiuri codnis Sesaxeb da dauyonebliv unda daiwyos am teqnologiebis danergva
qveynis ekonomikaSi.
105
Tavi IX. gadavarCinoT da msoflios gavacnoT unikaluri qarTuli kultura
qarTuli kultura Cveni saerTo erovnuli saganZuria. kultura is fundamentia, romelic ers
aerTianebs.
kulturuli memkvidreoba qarTveli xalxis Zlierebisa da siamayis wyaroa. globalizaciis eraSi
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacva, reabilitacia da movla aucilebelia misi ganviTarebisa da
erovnuli identobis SesanarCuneblad.
bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier seqtoris reabilitaciis, struqturuli cvli-
lebebis ganxorcielebis da saerTaSoriso masStabis kulturuli RonisZiebebis mowyobis miuxe-
davad, seqtoris mdgradi da swrafi ganviTareba saWiroebs damatebiT xelSewyobas.
mwiria kulturis ganviTarebisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisTvis gamoyofili sabiu-
jeto saxsrebi. dRes saqarTveloSi mSp-dan % mxolod 0,3 gamoiyofa kulturis ganviTarebisT-
vis da kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvisaTvis xolo biujetSi am mizniT gamoyofili xarjebi
mxolod 1,5% Seadgens.
miuxedavad imisa, rom qveyanaSi arsebobs kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis politika, Seqmnilia
kulturuli memkvidreobis dacvis meqanizmebi, mainc uamravi kulturuli memkvidreobis Ze-
gli ingreva da nadgurdeba an araswori saqmianobis Sedegad Zeglebis mimarTxorcieldeba ara-
koreqtuli intervenciebi. amas xeli Seuwyo 2008 wlis ivnisSi parlamentis mier kulturuli
memkvidreobis kanonSi cvlilebebis Setanam, ramac kulturuli memkvidreobis dasacavad da
SesanarCunebladfizikur da iuridiul pirTa valdebulebebis gazrdis nacvlad investorebs da
menaSeneebs kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglebTan mimarTebaSi Tavisufleba mianiWa.
SemaSfoTebelia saqarTveloSi arsebuli somxuri, kaTolikuri da sxva konfesiebis kulturuli
da religiuri Zeglebis mdgomareoba, romlebic nadgurdeba maTi kuTvnilebis sakiTxSi arse-
buli gaurkvevlobis gamo. sadavo sakiTxebis miuxedavad es Zeglebi Cvens saamayo kulturul
memkvidreobas warmoadgenen da yovlad dauSvebelia maTi ngreva.
saxelmwifo aRar zrunavs qarTuli enis, rogorc saqarTvelos kulturuli da informaciuli
erTianobis SenarCunebis garantis ganviTarebaze;
praqtikulad regioni, garda ramdenime qalaqisa, darCenilia kulturis centrebis gareSe.
kulturis dargSi Cveni prioritetia:
qveyanaSi kulturuli cxovrebis gaaqtiureba
• gaizrdeba kulturis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo mxardaWera;
• arc erTi niWieri adamiani ar darCeba mxardaWeris gareSe, am mizniT saxelovnebo saswavleb-
lebSi maTTvis swavla iqneba saxelmwifos xarjze;
• moxdeba biblioTekebis qselis modernizacia yvela raionSi. kompiuteruli teqnologiebi
danergva saqarTvelos yvela biblioTekaSi, maT Soris saskolo biblioTekebSi;
• gaizrdeba samamulo kinos da Teatris ganviTarebis mxardaWera, risTvisac biujetidan gamoi-
yofa damatebiTi asignebebi;
• amaRldeba kulturis muSakebis, maT Soris kulturis saxlebis, biblioTekebis TanamS-
romelTa statusi da moxdeba maTi xelfasebis zrda;
106
• Cven principulad umiSvnelovanes sakiTxad migvaCnia, rom aRmoifxvras regionebSi kulturu-
li cxovrebis ganviTarebaSi arsebuli sagangaSi Cavardnada am mdgomareobis dauyovnebliv
gamosworebis mizniT yvela raionsa da sofelSi gaixsneba klubebi, romlebic aRidgenen kul-
turuli centrebis funqcias;
• sulier -zneobrivi Rirebulebebis da saerTo saxelmwifoebrivi identobis damkvidrebasTan
erTad saxelmwifo izrunebs saqarTveloSi mcxovrebi erovnuli umciresobebis TviTmyofadi
kulturis dacvasa da ganviTarebaze;
• saqarTveloSi kulturulimravalferovnebisSenarCunebisa da ganviTarebis mizniT damatebiTi
SesaZleblobebimiecemaT eTnikuriumciresobebiswarmomadgenlebsTavianTikulturis warmoa-
CenisaTvis ;
• kulturis politikis Camoyalibebis procesSi moxdeba arasamTavrobo organizaciebis aqti-
uri CarTva, saxelmwifo seqtorTan TanamSrolobas mxardaWera;
kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba
• kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebis dacvis SenarCunebis, maT mimarT ganxorcielebuli
saxifaTo intervenciis, Zeglebis restavraciis da konservaciis procesSi TviTneburi
gadawyvetilebebis aRkveTis mizniT gamkacrdeba kanonmdebloba, gaizrdeba am procesSi spe-
cialistebis, sazogadoebis da saqarTvelos sapatriarqos monawileoba:
• saxelmwifo izrunebs axali teqnologiebis gamoyenebaze tradiciuli xelovnebisa da kul-
turuli memkvidreobis dacvis, daarqivebisa da xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofis saqmeSi;.
• kulturiuli memkvidreobis SesanarCuneblad moxdeba mecenatebis da qvelmoqmedebis sax-
elmwifoebrivi mxardaWera sakanonmdeblo doneze;
• saqarTveloSi arsebuli somxuri, kaTolikuri da sxva eTnikuri kuTvnilebis Tu religiuri
mimarTulebebis Zeglebis ngrevis da ganadgurebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, maTi restavra-
cia da konservacia moxdeba kuTvnilebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebSi arsebuli gaugebro-
bebis miuxedavad;
qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatana, qarTuli enis ganviTareba
• qarTuli kulturis saerTaSoriso doneze gatanis mizniT biujetSi gaizrdeba asignebebi:
• erT-erTi prioriteti gaxdeba zrunva qarTuli enis, rogorc saqarTvelos kulturuli da
informaciuli erTianobis SenarCunebis garantis ganviTarebaze;
;
107
Tavi X. SevuqmnaT momavali saqarTvelos momavals
swavlis safasuris gazrda, umaRlesi ganaTlebis xelmiuwvdomloba, umuSevroba, sakuTari bi-
nis ararseboba - es is problemebia, romelsac awydeba axalgazrdobis didi umravlesoba saqa-
rTveloSi. axalgazrduli asaki dRes socialuri riskis jgufad iqca, radgan procentulad
swored axalgazrdobaze modis dausaqmebelTa udidesi wili. axalgazrdoba ver axerxebs saku-
Tari Tavis realizacias, ver poulobs Tavis adgils cxovrebaSi, rac iwvevs maTSi narkomaniis,
alkoholizmis da damnaSaveobis zrdas.
gansakuTrebiT cudi gavlena iqonia axalgazrdobis mdgomareobaze iman, rom qveyanaSi umZimes
mdgomareobaSi aRmoCnda fizikuri ganviTareba da sporti. jansaRi cxovrebis wesi ver iqca qvey-
nis prioritetad.
saqarTveloSi sporti yovelTvis sargeblobda gansakuTrebuli popularobiT. wlebis manZilze
saqarTvelos warmomadgenlebi warmatebebs aRwevdnen saerTaSoriso apparezze. maRal doneze iyo
skolis farglebSi fizikuri aRzrda, sportuli wreebi da bazebi. samwuxarod, 90-iani wlebis
bolosa da 2000- iani wlebis dasawyisSi qveyanaSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma da Seqmnilma mZime
ekonomikurma situaciam, didi gavlena iqonia sportis ganviTarebaze, fizikuri aRzrdis mdgo-
mareobaze, axalgazrdobis monawileobaze fizikur kulturasa da sportSi. ganadgurda spor-
tuli obieqtebi, moiSala sportuli skolebis sistema.
„axali memarjveneebis “ axalgazrdul politikaSi aqcenti gakeTdeba TiToeuli axalgazrdisaT-
vis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis Seqmnaze TviTrealizaciisaTvis, axalgazrdobis aqtiurad wamow-
evaze mmarTvelobis yvela sferoSi da xelisuflebis yvela safexurze.
xeli Seewyoba jansaRi cxovrebis wesis damkvidrebas, fizikuri kulturisa da sportis ganviTa-
rebas. moxdeba axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba.
axalgazrduli politikis kuTxiT Cveni prioritetebia:
socialuri garantiebi axalgazrdobisTvis
• momzaddeba Tanmimdevruli axalgazrduli politika, romelic gadaWris maT winaSe mdgar
yvelaze mwvave problemebs, Seqmnis axalgazrdobisTvis realur socialur garantiebs;
• swrafi interneti xelmisawvdomi iqneba saqarTvelos nebismier sofelsa da dasaxlebul pun-
qtSi. skolebSi interneti iqneba ufasod;
• studenturi sesxebi gaicema dasavluri principebiT ( sesxis gastumrebis valdebuleba ara
swavlis procesSi, aramed swavlis damTavrebisa da muSaobis dawyebis Semdgom);
• dawesdeba SeRavaTi im kompaniebisTvis, romlebic studentebs daasaqmeben - aseTi kompaniebi
gaTavsufldebian studentebisTvis saSemosavlo gadasaxadis gadaxdisgan;
• moxdeba soflad axalgazrdobis cxovrebis da dasaqmebis finansuri waxaliseba;
cxovrebis jansaRi wesis damkvidreba
• qveyanaSi ganxorcieldeba jansaRi cxovrebis wesis propaganda,
• Seiqmneba pirobebi fizikur kulturasa da sportSi axalgazrdobis masobrivad CabmisaTvis;
• sportuli skolebi gaxdeba xelmisawvdomi TiToeuli axalgazrdisTvis;
108
• saxelmwifo izrunebs gansakuTrebuli niWiT dajildoebuli axalgazrdebis sportSi Cabmasa
da maTi sportuli karieris Seqmnaze. maTTvis Seiqmneba ufaso sportuli skolebi;
• saxelmwifos xarjze iswavlian da ganaviTareben TavianT sportul SesaZleblobebs socialu-
rad daucveli ojaxebis Svilebi;
• xeli Seewyoba sauniversiteto sportis ganviTarebas;
• xeli Seewyoba sportis tradiciuli saxeobebis aRdgenas da ganviTarebas;
• sportis olimpiuri saxeobebis ganviTarebis saxelmwifo politika Camoyalibdeba;
• biznesisTvis sportis ganviTarebaSi investiciebis Cadeba ekonomikurad waxalisdeba;
• xeli Seewyoba fizikuri kulturisa da sabavSvo sportis ganviTarebas ;
• sporti gaTavisufldeba politikisagan.
axalgazrda ojaxebis xelSewyoba:
• SemoRebul iqneba axalgazrdobisTvis socialuri sacxovrebeli farTebis mSeneblobis praq-
tika, risTvisac yovelwliurad saxelmwifo biujetidan gamoiyofa 30 mln.lari;
• anazRaurebadi dekretuli Svebulebis xangrZlivoba, dRes arsebuli 4 Tvidan gaizrdeba 1
wlamde;
• dekretuli Svebulebis dros dedas SeunarCundeba samuSao adgili;
• 0-dan 14 wlamde asakis bavSvTa mkurnalobis xarjebi srulad dafinansdeba saxelmwifos mier;
• Seiqmneba baga-baRebis Tanamedrove sistema, romelTa dafinanseba moxdeba saxelmwifo biu-
jetidan;
• baga-baRis aRsazrdel TiToeul bavSvze mSobels miecema damatebiT 50-lariani vauCeri;
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