View
224
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
PROMAP: developing a research tool for protest mapping
TheoniStathopoulouResearchDirector
EKKE-Na7onalCentreforSocialResearch
CLARIN-PLUSworkshop,Leuven19-21Sep.2016
The Na<onal Centre for Social Research -EKKE in Clarin:el
• Prospec7vemember• Memorandumofcollabora7onbetweenEKKEandRCAthenaalreadysigned• Sometechnicalissuess7llneedtobesolved(EKKEIdP)• EKKEisplannedtojointheGreeknetworkduringthenextphase(Opera7onalPhase,2017-2019)
CLARIN-PLUSworkshop,Leuven19-21Sep.2016
Use of Clarin:el services
1.PROMAP:ausecase2.Radicalism:verbalaggressivenessintwiWerdata• DuringthePROMAPprojectILSPserviceswerenotyetintegratedintheinfrastructure• Goal:toreplacethemanualworkflowusedun7lthenwithautomatedservices,regarding:• Collec7onofnewspapermaterialtobeusedascorpus• Processingoftextualmaterialtoiden7fyusefulexcerpts• Analysisofexcerptstofeedthecodebookframes• Sta7s7calprocessingofcodifiedmaterial• Visualiza7onofresults
CLARIN-PLUSworkshop,Leuven19-21Sep.2016
Radicalism
RadicalizedOrthodoxy?
Civicdiscontentandreligiousiden7fica7onin7mesofcrisis
TheoniStathopoulou(EKKE)&HarisPapageorgiou(AthenaRC)RC33Conference,Leicester11-16Sep.2016
• Muslims• Pakistani
VerbalAggressiveness
(TwiWer)
• Muslims• Pakistani
PhysicalAWacks
(NewsData)
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• Whatarethecorrela7ons?
• DoesVerbalAggressiveness
leadtoPhysicalViolence?
• Arecallsforac7onturned
intoeventsofviolence?
Ra<onale of PROMAP
• Eurozoneandglobaleconomiccrisis• Newwavesofmobiliza7onandprotest,newformsofcollec7veac7on• Newparadigms,repertoiresandactors• Emerging“new”formsofprotestandgrassrootsmobiliza7ononeconomichardshiphaveincorporatedaWributesof“older”formsofprotest(mid1990s)
Aim and Key objec<ves
Recordandmap• varyingformsofconten7onandmobiliza7oninpost-authoritarianGreece(1996-2014)• protestevents/actors-par7cipants/repertoires/agendas• theevolu7onandtransforma7onofconten7ousclaimsover7meDocument• protestcyclesinGreece• “thedynamicsofconten7on”(Kriesiet.al.1995;Grande&Kriesi2013)inGreece
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
• Collec7veac7on• Theroleofsocialmovementsforsocialtransforma7on• Researchagendaaeer2000:• migra7onandci7zenship(Koopmansetal.2005);• theemergenceofaEuropeanpublicsphere(KoopmansandStatham2010;DellaPortaandCaiani2009);• thepoli7csofunemployment(Giugni2009);• thespreadofnewformsofpar7cipatorypoli7csanddemocracy(DellaPorta2007;2009);• thepolicingofprotest(DellaPorta,Peterson,andReiter2006).
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
• Protesteventanalysis(Diani&Kousis2014)• Claimsanalysis: Poli7calDiscourseApproaches inordertoextendthecontextof poli7cal claims making, and become more sensi7ve to discursive messages(Koopmans& Statham 1999) (Koopmans; Statham; Giugni; Passy 2005) (deWilde;Koopmans;Zürn2014)• Researchagendasetbylargecompara7veEuropeanprojects
Title ResearchCentre
Timereference Topic Method Resources SamplingMethod
PRODAT WZB:BerlinSocialScienceCenter(Rucht)
46years(1950-1996)
Protesteventanalysisforthewhole7mespan
eventdataanalysis PRODAT1:Newspapers(1)PRODAT2:Newspapers(2)andPoliceRecords
MondayNewspaperEdi7on&alledi7onsofthe4thWeekperMonth
Europub WZB:BerlinSocialScienceCenter(Koopmans)
8years(1980,1985,1990,1995,1999-2002)
DegreeofEuropeanIntegra7onof7Countries(3)In6Ins7tu7onalSectors
poli7calclaimanalysis/Semi–structuredInterviews
NewspaperArchive,Internet
MERCI WZB:BerlinSocialScienceCenter(Koopmans)
7years(1992-1998)
Immigra7onAndethnicrela7onsin5EuropeanCi7es
poli7calclaimanalysis
1NewspaperperCountry(4)
EveryMonday,WednesdayandFriday
Title ResearchCentre
Timereference Topic Method Resources SamplingMethod
Responsivegov UniversityofLeicester(Morales)
30years(1980-2010)
18Governments’(1)responsivenesstodifferentformsofpublicopinionexpression.
Contentanalysis&protesteventanalysis/opinionpolls
Newspapers&newsagenciesarchive,exis7ngdatabasesofprotestevents(2)
GGCRISI FreieUniversitätBerlin&UniversityofCrete(Roose&Kousis)
4years(2009-2013)[researchinprogress]
AssigningresponsibilityforEurozoneCrisis,accordingtotherelatedpublicdebateinGreece&Germany
Poli7calClaimAnalysis,ProtestEvent&Interpreta7veFramingAnalysis(Conversa7onAnalysisofaccountability)(3)
5NewspapersperCountry&Reuters,Internet(Par7esandCivilSocietyPosi7ons)
1Dayperweek(rota7on)
POLPART S7ch7ngVu-Vumc(Klandermans)
5years(2014-2018)[researchinprogress]
DifferenttypesofPoli7calPar7cipa7on(na7onal&interna7onallevel)(4)
Movements&Par7esPublica7onsMeta-analysis,Interna7onalResearchArchivescomparison,focusgroup&Ques7onnaires(1000respondents)
Title ResearchCentre
Timereference Topic Method Resources SamplingMethod
LOCALMULTIDEM
UniversidaddeMurcia(Morales)
1year(2006) DegreeofIntegra7onofImmigrantsin6European
Ci7es
Poli7calClaimAnalysis
1NewspaperperCity(1)
EveryMonday,Wednesdayand
Friday
ESSi
TheNetherlandsIns7tuteforSocialResearch&City
UniversityLondon
1Month(Novemberof2010)
Feasibilitystudy(UseofMediaClaimsasa
ResearchtoolsupplementarytotheESS/
for8Countries)(2)
Mediaclaimsanalysis
2NewspapersperCountry/Greece:‘TaNea’&‘Kathimerini’
EverydayEdi7ons
exceptforWeekends
LIVEWHAT
UniversityofGeneva(Giugni)
3years(2013-2016)[ResearchinProgress]
Alterna7veCrisisAdaptabilityformsofEuropeanCi7zens,
individually,collec7velyandins7tu7onally(20countries)
Poli7calClaimAnalysis
andAc7onCaseAnalysis
5Na7onwideNewspapersper
Country&internet
(facebookpages,blogs,etc)
Representa7veSampleof1000
publicinterven7onsandalterna7ve
adaptabilityforms
ESSi: Developing event repor<ng
• EventData/EventmonitoringinEuropeanSocialSurvey• SupplementarytooltoESSq/naire• Measuringcontextincross-na7onalsurvey• Mediaclaims
CLARIN-PLUSworkshop,Leuven19-21Sep.2016
SoDaMapSocialDataMappingΕΚΚΕ
PanoramaPartner:Hellenic
Sta7s7calAuthority
SocioscopePartner:
AthenaResearchCentre
ILSP-IMIS
IMISIns7tutefortheManagementof
Informa7onSystems
ILSPIns7tuteforLanguageand
SpeechProcessing
PROMAP:acollabora7veresearchproject
The need for automated content analysis with NLP tools
• 1.SocialMediaasasupplementaryresource• 2.“Big”Data• 3.Iden7fytrendsoverlarger7mespans• UniversityofZurich-Wuestet.al2013(Τhepoli7ciza7onofEurope-Acompara7vestudyofsixEuropeancountries1970-2010)
PROMAP Methodology I
• PCA(Poli7calclaimsanalysis)Κοοpmans&Statham(1999);Koopmans(2002);deWilde,Koopmans&Zürn(2014)• Unitofanalysis:claim• Elabora7onofnewcodingscheme• Refinementofcodebook(14ver.)• Samplingstrategy
• Selec7onofdailynewspapers:Kathimerini(righ7st-centerrigh7st),Avgi(leeist)• Sample:2daysperweekfortheen7reperiod(WednesdayandFriday)
• PilotCoding
PROMAP Methodology II Applica7onofacomputa7onalmethoddevelopedbyILSP(suitev.0.4)Itera7ons(Machinelearning)incollabora7onwithILSPteam.Geospa7almappinganddevelopmentofcubecollec7on(RDF)byIMIS(socioscope)
• Constraints• Availabilityofselectednewspapers(Eleeherotypia)• Availabilityofnewspaperdatainhtmlorxmlformat• Copyrightedmaterial• Selec7onBias-Mediacontent• Restric7onsofautomatedNLPtools
Defini<on of a claim in PROMAP
RephrasingKoopman’s(2002)andStatham’s(2005)definiTons:
• “AclaimisdefinedasapurposiveunitofstrategicorcommunicaTveacToninthepublicsphereaimingatacollecTvestakeandhavingtheformofphysicalorverbalacTon”.
• Avalidclaimisnotexplicitlypoli7cal-anonpoli7calclaimmayhavepoli7calimplica7ons.
The structure of a claim (variables)
1. Loca7onoftheclaimin7meandspace(WHENandWHEREistheclaimmade?)
2. Claimant:theactormakingtheclaim(WHOmakestheclaim?)3. Formoftheclaim(HOWistheclaiminsertedinthepublicsphere?)4. Theaddresseeoftheclaim(ATWHOMistheclaimdirected?)5. Thesubstan7veissueoftheclaim(WHATistheclaimabout?)6. Objectactor:whowouldbeaffectedbytheclaimifitisrealized(FOR/
AGAINSTWHOM?)7. Thejus7fica7onfortheclaim(WHYshouldthisac7onbeundertaken?)
• Source:RuudKoopmans,2002,CodebookfortheanalysisofpoliTcalmobilisaTonandcommunicaToninEuropeanpublicspheres,DeliverableD2.1oftheproject"TheTransforma7onofPoli7calMobilisa7onandCommunica7oninEuropeanPublicSpheres”
Examples of claims
WHO(SUBJECTACTOR)
HOW(FORM) ATWHOM(ADDRESSEE)
WHAT(ISSUE) FOR/AGAINSTWHOM(OBJECT
ACTOR)
WHY(FRAME)
TheemployeesoftheGreekPublicPowerCorpora7on
wentonastrike sta7ngthatthegovernment
shouldnotfurtherpriva7zethePowerCorpora7onbecause
theGreekpeople benefitfromthepublicownershipoftheCorpora7on
Thepolicemenandthefire-fighters
launchedawork-to-ruleac7on
askingtheDeputyMinisterofFinance
tosa7sfytheirins7tu7onalandsalaryrelateddemands
forthemselves(policemenandfire-fighters)
Themunicipalauthori7esandci7zensofMelissia
organizedarally inordertosavethesurroundingforest
becausethenaturalcharacteroftheforestshouldbemaintained
Applica<on of computa<onal method (Computa<onal Social Sciences suite v0.4)
Analysis:RequirementsSpecifica7ondocumentbasedontheCodebook
Data:Collec7on,Preprocessing,Filtering
Design:DomainModelling,Systemarchitecture
Implementa7on&Tes7ng:toolsandresources,sophis7catedlinguis7crules,machinelearning,Basis:ILSP-NLPsuite
IntegraKon[CSSsuitev0.4]:ClaimextracKon,Actor/Addressee&IssuedetecKon,Time/LocaKonRecogniKon
Maintenance
Natural Language Processing pipeline
FormActor/
AddresseeIssue Time/Loca7on
NamedEn7tyRecogni7on
PhraseExtrac7on
DependencyParsing
Co-referenceResolu7on Aggrega7on
ClaimsDetecKon
EKKEILSP-NLP
Summarize
Preprocessing procedure
OriginaldatafromNewspapers
• TransformXMLfilestoTXTfiles
• N1=330.000arKcles
Applyabasicfilter(Lexicon)
• Lemmas(nouns):strike,protest,demonstra7onetc.
• Locatear7clesthatcontainthesewords
Output:new
collec7onofar7cles
• N2>50.000ar7clesthatcontainthenounsiden7fiedinthepreviousstep.• Crea7onofnewspaperarchive
• Input:collec7onofar7clesfromnewspapersfrom1996to2014inXMLformat• Eachfileinthedatasetisauniquear7cle.• Output:acollecKonoftextfiles(TXT)
Steps
συνολικά(Τετάρτη&Παρασκευή)
Καθημερινή 314527
Αυγή 226462
Σύνολο 540989
μετάτηναφαίρεσηκατηγοριών
Καθημερινή 171616
Αυγή 191268
Σύνολο 362884
επεξεργασμέναάρθρα
Καθημερινή 10202
Αυγή 14849
Σύνολο 25051
MANUALCODINGΗ Αυγή, 11 Σεπτεµβρίου 2013
Μαχητική συγκέντρωση και πορεία διαµαρτυρίας στη Θεσσαλονίκη
Θεσσαλονίκη: Την ώρα που οι εκπαιδευτικοί διαδήλωναν µαζικά στο Σύνταγµα, στη Θεσσαλονίκη εκατοντάδες καθηγητές της δευτεροβάθµιας εκπαίδευσης συγκεντρώθηκαν στην πλατεία Αγίας Σοφίας και στη συνέχεια πραγµατοποίησαν πορεία διαµαρτυρίας σε κεντρικούς δρόµους της πόλης, φωνάζοντας συνθήµατα κατά της κινητικότητας, αλλά και ενάντια στο ταξικό «Νέο Λύκειο» του Κ. Αρβανιτόπουλου.
...
PROMAPCODING
ΠΟΤΕ (time)
ΠΟΥ (location)
ΠΟΙΟΣ (actor)
ΠΩΣ (form)
ΣΕ ΠΟΙΟΝ (addressee)
ΤΙ (issue)
For/Against whom(object
actor)
10-9-2013 CDAY=10 CMONTH=9 CYEAR=13
Θεσσαλονίκη CITY=1120701
Καθηγητές ACT1S=412 ACTTYP1=1 ACTPAR1=0
Συγκέντρωση/ Πορεία FORMS=7 FORM=72
Υπ. Παιδείας Κ. Αρβανιτόπουλος ACT1S=102 ACTCOUN1=11 ACTPAR1=1
Κινητικότητα, ταξικό «Νέο Λύκειο» ISFIELD1=90
Καθηγητές OBJ1S=412 OBJCOUN1=11 OBJPAR1=0
10-9-2013 CDAY=10 CMONTH=9 CYEAR=13
Πλατεία Συντάγµατος CITY=3514501
Εκπαιδευ-τικοί ACT1S=412 ACTTYP1=1 ACTPAR1=0
Διαδήλωση FORMS=7 FORM=72
Υπ. Παιδείας Κ. Αρβανιτόπουλος ACT1S=102 ACTCOUN1=11 ACTPAR1=1
Κινητικότητα, ταξικό «Νέο Λύκειο» ISFIELD1=90
Εκπαιδευτικοί OBJ1S=412 OBJCOUN1=11 OBJPAR1=0
Findings: Selected forms of ac<on
FormNumberof
claimsidenKfied(1996-2013)
PercentageoftotalclaimsidenKfied
Strike 2100 70.7%
Publicassembly1 718 24.2%
Occupa7on/Sit-in 97 3.3%
Symbolicviolence2 55 1.9%
Total 2970 100%
TotalNo.ofar7cles=1997(1.48/claimsperar7cle)
1Publicassembliesreferonlytopeacefulrallies(demonstra7onsonthemoveandviolentdemonstra7ons/assembliesareconsideredasdifferentformsofac7on).2.Symbolicviolenceincludestheburningofflags,eggthrowing,jeering,etc.
Main findings • Predominantclaimsareoverlabour,employmentandeduca7onalissues• Strikesshowthemostsignificantvaria7onover7me(escala7ngduringthefirstyearsofEconomiccrisis)• Strikesarelargelylabour-relatedand7me-dependent• TradeUnionsaretheprominentactorsofstrikes,butshortlyaeertheOlympicGames,andbeforeMemorandum,itseemsthattheyloosetheirabilitytoformandsynthesizeclaims• SymbolicviolenceoccursmainlyintheCapital(Athens)andshowsastableevolu7onover7me• TheexpectaTonofagovernmentchange,hasanega7veeffectonprotest
Socioscope Highlights
o SocialDataAnaly7cso DataExplora7ono VisualAnaly7csonsocialandpoli7caldata
o SocialDataVisualiza7ono DynamicVisualiza7onso Combina7onofdatafromDifferentThema7careas
o LinkedOpenDataavailabilityo Reuseofcodebooko APIendpointforonlineanalysis
CLARIN-PLUSworkshop,Leuven19-21Sep.2016
References
• StathopoulouT.,(ed.)(2016)TransformaTonsofProtestinGreece.PapazisisPublishers&EKKE,Athens[inEnglish],inpress.• Papanikolaou,K,Papageorgiou,PapasarantopoulosN,Stathopoulou,T,Papastefanatos,G(2016)“JustthefactswithPALOMAR”DetecTngprotesteventsinmediaoutletsandTwifer.Paperpresentat:SocialMediaintheNewsroom.InternaTonalConferenceonWebandSocialMedia(ICWSM2016),Cologne,Germany.• StathopoulouT.,StasinopoulosN.,DiakoumakosG,2015(August25-28)Mapping“old”and“new”formsofprotestinGreece.EuropeanSociologicalAssociaTonConference.Prague,CzechRepublic.
Recommended