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w'fmd'i' ^Wiia fm<&
wd¾Ól úoHdj13 jk fYa%Ksh
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh
^2010 j¾Ifha isg l%shd;aul fõ&
jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
ii
wd¾Ól úoHdj
13 jk fY%aKsh - .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
m%:u uqøKh - 2010
jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j
úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uqøKh ( rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dj
mdk¿j" mdÿlal
iii
fmrjok
ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajd§fï ld¾hh 13 jk fYa%Ksfha .=re
ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y y÷kajd§u;a iuÕ iïmQ¾K fõ' 12 jk yd 13 jk fYA%Ksj, isiq
isiqúhka úYaj úoHd, m%fõYh i|yd mj;sk ±ä ;r.hg f.dÿreùu ksid ksrka;rj u hï
;rul mSvkhlg hg;a fõ' kj úIhud,dj m%:u j;djg w'fmd'i' ^W'fm'& i|yd fhdod
.efkk úg fuu mSvkh ;j;a ±ä fõ' tjeks wjia:djl Tn w;g m;ajk .=re ud¾f.damfoaY
ix.%yh" úIh ks¾foaY ;rug u .=rejrekg jeo.;a jkafka h' fuys uQ,slj u .=rejrhd
ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= me;s ;=kla we;' tkï .=re ud¾f.damfoaY úIh ks¾foaYh yd mQ¾Kj
.e<mS ;sîu" úIhud,dfõ wfmalaIs; ksmqK;d mdolj úIhud,dfõ o¾Ykh yd ±lau uq,afldg
f.k ilid ;sîu yd 12 - 13 fYa%Ksj, orejdf.ka wfmalaIs; idOk uÜgu fufkys fldg
ilid ;sîu' tfyhska fuh fyd¢ka mßYS,kh lsÍu .=rejrhdg w;HjYH ld¾hhla yd
j.lSula jkafkah'
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh by; lS lreKq ;=k u Tnf.a wjOdkhg f.k tau i|yd 13 jk
fYa%Ksj, b.ekaùï lrk ish¨u .=rejrekg ta i|yd wjYH mqyqKqùï ,nd§u i|yd o
ls%hd;aul ù isà' ksrka;rj meje;afjk fuu mqyqKq ieisj,g wod< .rejreka iyNd.sùu
w;sYhska u wjYH lreKla jkafka fuys ±lafjk bf.kqï-b.ekaùï uQ, O¾u yd ls%hdodu
jgyd .ekSug mqyqKqj fnfyúka bjy,a jk ksid h' úfYaIfhka u mdi,a mdol we.hSï
ls%hd" ksmqK;d j¾Okh i|yd bjy,a lr .ekSu wfmalaId flf¾' úIh lreKqj,g muKla
b.ekaùu hg;aùug fkd§ isiqkf.a l=i,;d Tm .ekaùfï wNs,dIh bgqlr§ug fï ish¨
ueÈy;aùï wjYH nj wOHdmk yd we.hSï ld¾hfha kshef,k wm ish¨ u fokd jgyd .;
hq;= fõ'
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ms<sfh, lsÍfï w;sYh fjfyildÍ ld¾hh bgqlr,Sug ueÈy;a jQ cd;sl
wOHdmk wdh;kfha ish¨u Ydia;S%h wxYj, ks,OdÍka we;=¿ ld¾h uKav, yd ndysrj ta
i|yd odhl jQ úoaj;a yeu fokdg u o udf.a úfYaI ia;+;sh ysñ fõ'
wdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaorwdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor
wOHlaI ckrd,acd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
iv
ix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkhix{dmkh
fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh 2010 j¾Ifha isg 13 jk fY%aKsh i|yd bf.kqï - b.ekaùïl%shdj,sh ixúOdkh lr .ekSu i|yd .=re Nj;=kayg m%fhdackj;a fõ'
fuu fmd; iïmdokh lsÍug mdol lr.;a úIh ks¾foaYh fuf;la mej;s úIh ks¾foaYj,gjvd fjkia jQjls' tu fjki y÷kd .ekSug fhduqjk Tng th ksmqK;d mdol úIhks¾foaYhla nj oelsh yels h' tfy;a ksmqK;d uÜgï yd tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï hgf;aoelafjk bf.kqï M, tu fY%aKsh ;=<§ u w;am;a lr .; hq;= fõ' tneúka Tng fY%aKshgwod< mdvï ie,iqï lr .ekSfï § tu ksmqK;d uÜgï yd bf.kqï M, fnfyúka m%fhdackj;afõ' fuu bf.kqïM, bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha § tla tla wruqKq ilid .ekSugfukau mka;s ldurfha § isÿ flfrk we.hSï WmlrK ilia lr .ekSfï § ks¾Kdhl f,ifhdod .ekSu flfrys Tnf.a wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu wfmalaId flf¾' fuu úIh yeoEÍfï§ mßYS,kh l< hq;= w;sf¾l fmd;a m;a fuka u fjí wvú mss<sn| isiqka oekqj;a lsÍug ofuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh Tng m%fhdackj;a fõ'
fuys fhdað; l%shdldrlï Tn ks¾udKYS,s .=rejrfhl= jYfhka l%shd lsßfï wfmalaIdiys;j wdo¾Yj;a f,i bÈßm;a l< tajd jYfhka i,lkak' tysoS .=re flakaøSh mka;s ldurl%shdj,sh fjkia lr YsIH flakaøSh njla we;s lsÍu úfYaIfhka wfmalaId flf¾' tneúkaisiqka úúO fmd;am;a mßYS,kh wka;¾cd, Ndú;h jeks .fõIKhg fhduq flfrkbf.kqï wjia:d yels yeuúg u Wod l< hq;= fõ' b.ekaùfï § iïm%odhsl f,i igykabÈßm;a lsÍu fjkqjg wdl¾IKSh f,i kj oekqu uQ,O¾u wdÈh bÈßm;a l< hq;= fõ' tai|yd ;dlaIKh yels;dla ÿrg fhdod.;a ikaksfõok Wml%u ks¾udKYS,S j Ndú; lsÍugkj mka;sldurh ;=< § Wkkaÿ úh hq;= fõ'
13 jk fY%aKsfha § fuu úIh b.ekaùu wrUk Tnf.a isiqkag úIh ks¾foaY ukdj meyeÈ,slr fokak' j¾Ih mqrd l%shd;aul lrk Tnf.a b.ekaùfï ie,eiau y÷kajd fokafka kïth isiqka ;=< fm<Uùula jkq we;' uq¿ úIh ks¾foaYh wdjrKh lr .ekSug mdi, fj;isiqka wdl¾IKh fõ' fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrK rgg oefkk mka;s ldur bf.kqï -be.kaùï l%shdj,sfha fjkila we;s lrkq i|yd wod< úIh ks¾foaYh fuka u fuys fhdað;l%shdj,s weiqfrka Tnf.a ks¾udKYS,s yelshd mqnqÿjd .kakd fuka b,a,ñ'
fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ieliSfï § odhl jQ úoaj;a ieug" .=reNj;=kag iy cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kfha ks,Odßkag udf.a ia;=;sh ysñ fõ' fï ld¾hh i|yd u`.mkajQ wOHlaI ckrd,awdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor ue;s÷ka fuka u uqøK lghq;= isÿ lr mdi,aj,g ,nd§fï j.lSuNdrf.k lghq;= l< wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a we;=¿ ld¾hh uKav,hg uf.aúfYaI ia;=;sh mqo lrñ' fuys we;=<;a lreKq ms<sn| j ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd wef;d;a udfj; ,nd fokafka kï lD;{ fõ'
úu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dvúu,a ishU,df.dviyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a^úIhud,d ixj¾Ok mSGh&
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
v
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia
ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh
rch u.ska ish¨ u mdi,a isiq orejka fj; mdi,afm<fmd;a fkdñf,a ,nd fok w;r u .=re Nj;=ka fj;.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%y ,nd §u u.ska .=re bf.kqï ydb.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh jvd;a M,odhS lr .ekSu wruqKq lr.efka'
úIh ks¾foaYfha ±lafjk ksmqK;d idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|ydisiqka fufyhjk kshuqjd jkafka .=rejrhd h' tneúka tuld¾hh uekúka jgyd f.k fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%ymßYS,kfhka b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ms<sn| j ukd mrsphla,nd f.k ksmqK;d mdol lr .ksñka bf.kqï ls%hdj,sfhkaWmrsu m%fhdack ,nd .kakd wdldrh ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;alsÍfï j.lSu Tnyg mejf¾'
j¾;udk f,dalfha wNsfhda. ch.; yels isiq mrmqrla ìyslsÍfï Ndr¥r ld¾hNdrfha kshe,S isák Tng fuu.skabf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha .=Kd;aul j¾Okhla we;slsÍug yels jkq we;ehs úYajdi lrñ'
ví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrví,sõ' tï' tka' fÊ' mqIaml=udrwOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j—biqremdh˜n;a;ruq,a,'2009' 09' 21
vi
fufyhùu ( wdpd¾h Wmd,s tï' fiaor uhd" wOHlaI ckrd,a"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
WmfoaYl;ajh ( úu,a ishU,df.dv uhd" iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
ie,iqï yd úIh iïnkaëlrKh ( ã' t,a' iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd"iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
úIhud,d lñgqj (
1' fcHIaG uydpd¾h vekS w;m;a;= uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'
2' uydpd¾h B' ohdr;ak uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'
3' uydpd¾h w;=, rKisxy uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'
4' wdpd¾h tï' .fkaIauQ¾;s uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'
5' wdpd¾h tia'ví' ysrka; uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'
6' wdpd¾h wfkdaud wfír;ak ñh - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" fmardfoksh úYaj úoHd,h'
7' kkaoisß lSôh fyÜá uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'
8' tia' tka' fla' u,a,sld fyajd ñh - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'
9' à' tia' ,shkdrÉÑ uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'
10' wdpd¾h ta' isjfkairdcd uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
11' ta'î' úfÊiQßh uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
12' mS'tÉ' l=iqudj;S ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
13' tï' ta' whs' mS' fmf¾rd ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
14' tia' fla' m%ndyrka uhd - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
15' ã't,a'iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
16' tia' wd¾' r;akÔj uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
vii
ixialdrl uKav,h (
1' fcHIaG uydpd¾h vekS w;m;a;= uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" wd¾Ól úoHd wOHhkwxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'
2' uydpd¾h B' ohdr;ak uhd - wOHhk wxY m%OdkS" jdKsc úoHd wOHhkwxYh" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,h'
3' wdpd¾h tï' .fkaIauQ¾;s uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" fld<U úYaj úoHd,h'
4' kkaoisß lSôh fyÜá uhd - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" wd¾Ól úoHdwOHhk wxYh" reyqKq úYaj úoHd,h'
5' ta'î' úfÊiQßh uhd - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
6' tï' ta' whs' mS' fmf¾rd ñh - jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
7' ã't,a'iS' rejka wð;a l=udr uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ" jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
8' tia' wd¾' r;akÔj uhd - iyldr jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ"jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
f,aLl uKav,h (
01' tia'tka'ví'tï' úfÊr;ak nxvd uhd - ksfhdacH wOHlaI ^wOHhk&"udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrK wdh;kh'
02' t,a' wcka;d ú;drK ñh - ksfhdacH úÿy,am;s" f.da;ó nd,sldúoHd,h" fld<U'
03' ví' ,hk,a uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" O¾umd, uydúoHd,h" fldÜgdj'
04 fla' mS' lreKdr;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" úchnd cd;sl mdi,"yqx.u'
05' tï'ã' moañKS ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" idka; f;dauia Wiiand,sld úÿy," ud;r'
06' fla'mS' pkaø,;d ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" wdkkao úoHd,h"fldÜgdj'
07' ;urd à' ldßhjiï ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" ix>ñ;a;d nd,sldúoHd,h" .d,a,'
08' whs' mS' tia' moañKS ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" Ydka; fcdaIma nd,slduyd úoHd,h" lE.,a,'
09' ta'tï't*a' uokshd ñh - ksfhdacH wOHdmk wOHlaI" ol=Kq m<d;awOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j'
10' t,a'Ô' fm%au;s,l uhd - .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h"fld;auf,a'
viii
11' tÉ'tï'úl%ur;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" wïmsáh uyd úoHd,h"wïmsáh" uykqjr'
12' î'tia' ;s,lr;ak uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" iriú Whk uydúoHd,h" uykqjr'
13' ta'tï'Ô'tï' wêldÍ ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" jE;r uyd úoHd,h"fmd,a.ia´úg'
14' id,sh hd,fmd, uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" uydkdu uydúoHd,h" uykqjr'
15' fla'à' iurisxy uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" j,sisxy yßiapkaøúoHd,h" wkqrdOmqrh'
16' ta'tÉ'Ô' wurd úfÊj¾Ok ñh - Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh" fn,a,kalvj, uydúoHd,h" ;Uq;af;a.u'
17' fla'tï' mshfiak uhd - Y%S ,xld .=re fiajh" uydkdu uydúoHd,h" fudKrd.,'
18' yISkd uqidÈla ñh - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" Y=oaO jQ mjqf,alkHdrduh" nïn,msáh'
19' fla'tka' ksYdka; uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" weô,smsáh uOH uydúoHd,h" weô,smsáh'
20' tï'fla'ta' moauisß uhd - YS% ,xld .=re fiajh" ÿgq.euqKq uOH uydúoHd,h" nq;a;,'
mß.Kl joka ieliqu :
tÉ'tï' fhydka rÑ;% r;akdhl uhd - cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
úúO iydh :huqkd mS' fyajdú;drK ñh - jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
mqIamd wurisxy ñh - jHdmdr wOHhk fomd¾;fïka;=j"cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'
fjí wvúh : www.nie.lk
ix
mgqk
msgqjmsgqjmsgqjmsgqjmsgqj
fmrjok iii
ix{dmkh iv
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh v
f,aLl uKav,h vi-viii
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßYS,kh lsÍug Wmfoia 01-02
bf.kqï M, yd wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï 03-131
mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh 132
ye¢kaùu 133-135
bf.kqï - b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï 136-143
uQ,dY% 144
- 1 -
.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia
j¾I 2009 isg wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% Wiia fm< i|yd ls%hd;aulùug kshñ;
wd¾Ól úoHdj úIh ks¾foaYh ksmqK;d mdol j iïmdokh lr we;' tu úIh ks¾foaYfha
wvx.= wxl 07 isg 12 olajd jk ksmqK;d wdjrKh jk mßÈ fuu wd¾Ól úoHdj 13 jk
fY%aKsh .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ms<sfh< ù we;' fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh
u.ska wd¾Ól úoHdjg wod< úIh lreKq ms<sn| oekqu muKla fkdj wd¾Ól úoHdkql+,
j is;Sug;a ta wkqj yeisÍug;a wod< wdl,am" l=i,;d yd mqreÿ ,nd§u o wfmalaId
flf¾'
tu wruqKq fmroeß lrf.k isiqkaf.a ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh jk wdldrhg .=rejrhd
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lr .kq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾' ta i|yd u.
fmkaùula jYfhka fuys wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï lsysmhla we;=<;a lr we;' fuu .=re
ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ilia lr we;af;a mka;s ldurh ;=< bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh
isÿ l< hq;= wkql%uh wkqj h' úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s iEu ksmqK;d uÜgula i|yd u
bf.kqï M, bÈßm;a lr we;' tu bf.kqï M,j,g yd wod< ksmqK;d uÜgug ish¨
u isiqka <Õd jk wdldrfha YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla Tn úiska
wkq.ukh lrkq we;e hs wfmalaIs; h' ta i|yd Tng lrk u.fmkaùula f,i f;dard.;a
ksmqK;d uÜgï lsysmhla i|yd msúiqu yd bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia bÈßm;a lr
we;' tu Wmfoia tf,i u wkq.ukh lsÍu wksjd¾h fkdjk w;r iqÿiq hehs yefÕk
YsIH flakaøSh jQ bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla wkq.ukh lsÍug mQ¾K ksoyi we;'
tfia u fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfhka ls%hdldrlu wjidkfha § —úIh lreKq
meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la bÈßm;a lr we;' th Tn mka;s ldurfha § ls%hdldrlï
;=<ska wkdjrKh lr .; hq;= yd isiqkag igykla f,i ,nd Èh hq;= úIh lreKqj,g
u.fmkaùula f,i i,lkak'
- 2 -
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd msúiqu fyda bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia bÈßm;a
lr fkdue;s ksmqK;d uÜgï o fuys we;=<;a fõ' tu ksmqK;d uÜgï i|yd iqÿiq
m%fõYhla yd fhda.H bf.kqu i|yd jQ Wmfoia m;s%ldjla ilia lr isiqka ls%hdldÍ j
bf.kqfuys fhdojk wdldrfha YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shla mka;s
ldurh ;=< ls%hd;aul lsÍug fhdackd flf¾'
úIh ks¾foaYfha ta ta ksmqK;dj,g fjka fldg we;s ld,Éfþo ixLHdjg jvd jeä
ld,Éfþo ixLHdjla j¾Ihlg ;sfnk w;r tu wu;r ld,h isiq ksmqK;d j¾Okh
lsÍug fhda.H jevigyka j,g wod< m%;sfmdaIK jevigyka ;lafiarej yd we.hSï
l%u ms<sfj;a i|yd fhdod .; yels h'
wd¾Ól úoHdj ñksidg b;d ióm yd m%dfhda.sl úIhla jk neúka Tnf.a bf.kqï-
b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lsÍfï § yd ls%hd;aul lsÍfï § ta ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq
lsÍfuka fuu úIhh isiqka w;r jvd;a ckms%h l< yels fõ'
bf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlïbf.kqï M, iy wdo¾Y ls%hdldrlï
- 4 -
ksmqK;dj 7 ( id¾j wd¾Ól ls%hdldÍ;ajhg n,mdk ñ, uÜgïj, fjkiaùï
úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( idudkH ñ, uÜgu wdYs%; ñkqï ú.%y lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• idudkH ñ, uÜgu w¾: olajhs'
• ñ, o¾Ylhla hkak w¾: olajhs'
• § we;s ixLHd o;a; mokï lrf.k ñ, o¾Yl ilia lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• miq.sh jdr mÍlaIKfha § isiqka ,nd .;a ,l=Kqj, idudkH .Kkh lsÍug
Wmfoia ,nd fokak'
• ,l=Kqj, idudkH ,nd .;a wdldrh ms<sn| isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• tla tla úIhhkaj, ,l=Kqj, uq tl;=j úIhhka .Kkska fn§fuka ,l=Kqj,
idudkH w.h ,nd.; yels nj'
• fï wdldrhg NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, o idudkH w.h fidhd .;
yels nj'
• rgl ish¨ u NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, idudkH w.h weiqfrka ,nd
.kakd ñ, uÜgu idudkH ñ, uÜgu fyj;a fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu f,i y÷kajk
nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd § l%shdldrlfuys
fhdojkak'
- 5 -
NdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.h
^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&
lerÜ
fndaxÑ
,Slaia
tl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=j
j¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ih
20052005200520052005
40
35
25
20062006200620062006
43
37
27
20072007200720072007
45
39
28
20082008200820082008
47
40
30
20092009200920092009
49
42
32
^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&
NdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.hNdKav j¾.h
^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&
wkakdis
fodvï
fo¿ï
tl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=j
j¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ihj¾Ih
20052005200520052005
30
20
35
20062006200620062006
32
23
37
20072007200720072007
35
25
40
20082008200820082008
37
28
42
20092009200920092009
40
30
45
^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&
• Tng ,eî we;s tla tla j¾Ih i|yd NdKav ;=fkys ñ, .Kkaj, tl;=j .Kkhlrkak'
• 2006" 2007" 2008 iy 2009 j¾Ij, NdKav ;=fkys ñ, .Kkaj, tl;=j 2005 j¾IhgidfmalaI j jeä ù fyda wvq ù we;s m%udKh .Kkh lrkak'
• tu jeä ùu fyda wvq ùu 2005 j¾Ifha NdKav ;=fkys ñf,ys tl;=fjysm%;sY;hla f,i fmkajkak'
• tla tla j¾Ifha ñ, .Kkaj, fjkfiys m%;sY;h Bg fmr j¾Ifha m%;sY;h iu.ii|d n,kak'
• fuu f;dr;=re weiqfrka Tng t<ôh yels ks.uk lKavdhï idlÉPdjla u.ska;SrKh lrkak'
• Tn úiska wkdjrKh lr.;a f;dr;=re iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍugiQodkï jkak'
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (• my; i|yka ñ, .Kka we;=<;a ixLHd f,aLk w;ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,eî we;s
ixLHdf,aLkh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
NdKav j¾.h^ls'.%E' 1 ñ, remsh,a&
iy,a
iSks
;sßÕ= msá
tl;=j
j¾Ih
20052005200520052005
35
40
25
20062006200620062006
40
42
30
20072007200720072007
42
45
32
20082008200820082008
45
48
35
20092009200920092009
48
50
38
^1&^1&^1&^1&^1&
- 6 -
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu hkq ish¿u NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kka ksrEmKh lrk
o¾Ylhla nj'
• fuys § tla tla NdKavj, remsh,a Y; j,ska m%ldYs; ñ, .Kka ir, f,i
tl;= lsÍu ;=<ska muKla fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu ms<sn| w¾:j;a w.hla ,nd .;
fkdyels nj'
• tu ksid remsh,a Y; w.h fjkqjg o¾Yldxlj,ska m%ldYs; w.hla ,nd .; hq;=
nj'
• ld,h;a iu. fjkiajk ´kE u úp,Hhl jákdlu o¾Yldxlj,ska m%ldY
l< yels nj'
• mdol j¾Ihg idfmalaI j ld, fYa%Ks w.hka fjkiajk wdldrh m%;sY;d;aul
j oelaùug o¾Yldxl fhdod .kq ,nk nj'
• mdo j¾Ih o¾Yldxlfha 100 la f,i ie,l+úg fiiq j¾Ij, ld, fYa%Ks w.h
ljr m%;sY;hlska fjkia ù we;aoehs tu.ska .Kkh l< yels nj'
• ñ, idfmalaIhka my; i|yka ixLHdf,aLkh Ndú;fhka bÈßm;a l< yels
nj'
• mdo j¾Ihg idfmalaI j II jk j¾Ifha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu 43] lska yd f;jeks
j¾Ifha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu 100] lska by< f.dia we;s nj'
NdKavhNdKavhNdKavhNdKavhNdKavh
I iy,a
II ;sßÕ= msá
III iSkS
tl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=jtl;=j
idudkH ñ,
(I+II+III)÷3
ñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIhñ, idfmalaIh
m<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ihm<uq j¾Ih
100
100
100
300
100
fojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ihfojk j¾Ih
160
150
120
430
143'3
f;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ihf;jk j¾Ih
240
200
160
600
200
- 7 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgfï fjkiaùï uksk ñ, o¾Yl
úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 08
bf.kqï M, (
• idudkH ñ, uÜgu uekSug Y%S ,xldj Ndú; lrk ñ, o¾Yl kï lr meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• tla tla ñ, o¾Ylj, we;s jeo.;alu fmkajd fohs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgu uekSug fhdod .efkk ñ, o¾Ylj, wvqmdvq
idlÉPd lrhs
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• Y%s ,xldfõ fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd Ndú; flfrk o¾Yl rdYslhla we;s nj'
• tu o¾Yl w;=ßka we;ï tajd mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Yl yd we;eï tajd iuia; ñ,
uÜgu uekSug fhdod .kakd nj'
• j¾;udkfha Y%s ,xldfõ fmdÿ ñ, uÜgu uekSu i|yd kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl
ñ, o¾Ylh" f;d. ñ, o¾Ylh yd .uH ñ, o¾Ylh Ndú; lrk nj'
• 2008 j¾Ifha uehs udifha isg Y%s ,xlfõ ñ, o¾Ylh jkafka kj fld<U md¾fNda.sl
ñ, o¾Ylh nj'
• 1952 j¾Ifha isg Y%s ,xldfõ ks, ðjk úhoï o¾Ylh f,i fld<U mdßfNda.sl
ñ, o¾Ylh Ndú; jQj;a tys mej;s ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fjka kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl
ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd ÿka nj'
• kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha mdo j¾Ifha 2002 nj'
• tu ñ, o¾Ylh ck yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska udia m;d .Kkh
fldg rcfha .eiÜ m;%h uÕska m%ldYhg m;a lrk nj'
• kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylfha ksheÈh uÕska fld<U Èia;%slalfha l=gqïN
1300 lg jeä m%udKhla ksfhdackh lrk nj'
• 2002 j¾Ifha l=gqïN wdodhï úhoï iólaIKh u; kj fld<U mdßfNda.sl ñ,
o¾Ylfha NdKav j¾. f;dard .ekSu;a nr ;eîu;a isÿ ù we;s nj'
• my;ska oelafjk uOHia:dk j,§ kj ñ, o¾Ylh i|yd o;a; /ialrk nj'
msgfldgqj" urodk" je,a,j;a;" fougf.dv" .%Ekamdia" fnd/,a," lsre,mk"
foysj," fldaÜfÜ" kqf.af.dv" fldf,dkakdj iy r;au,dk
• by; i|yka fjf<|fmd<j,ska udislj /ialr.kakd ñ, .Kka ñ, kdñl
w.hka .Kkh lsÍfuka o¾Ylh ilid .kq ,nk nj'
- 8 -
• mdol ld,mßÉfþofha § ñ, § .kq ,enQ NdKav yd fiajd m%udKhu wod< fjk;a
ld,mßÉfþohl § ñ, § .kafka kï fld;rï úhoula oeÍug isÿ jkafka o hkak
fuu o¾Ylh uÕska fmkakqï lrk nj'
• fuu ñ, o¾Ylh ieliSu i|yd my; iólrKh Ndú; l< yels nj'
P1 =
wod< j¾Ifha fjf<|fmdf<a meje;s ñ,
P0 = mdol j¾Ifha fjf<|fmdf< mej;s ñ,
Q0 = mdol j¾Ifha § f.k mßyrKh lrk ,o NdKav m%udKh
∑ = tl;=j
• iuia; Y%s ,xldfõ u úhoï rgdj ksfhdackh fkdùu fuu o¾Ylfha wvqmdjla
nj'
• uy nexl=j 1977 § f;d. ñ, o¾Ylh y÷kajd ÿka nj'
• m%d:ñl fjf<|fmdf<a ñ, .Kka fjkiaùu uekSu i|yd fuh fhdod .kakd nj'
• 1974 mdo j¾Ih f,i i,ld NdKav ldKav 13 lg fnod nr ;nd o¾Ylh ilid
we;s nj'
• m%d:ñl fjf<|fmd< ñ, uÜgfus fjkialï mokï lrf.k is,a,r fjf<|fmdf<a
ñ, .Kka mqfrdal:kh l, yels nj'
• fiajd we;=<;a fkd ù u fuys wvqmdvqjla nj'
• ia:djr ñ, hgf;a yd j¾;k ñ, hgf;a .Kkh lrk ,o o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;
weia;fïka;= mokï lrf.k .uH ñ, o¾Ylh ilia lrkq ,nk nj'
• tlu j¾Ihl § ia:djr ñ,g yd j¾;k ñ,g .Kkh l< o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha
jákdlu w;r wkqmd;fhka fmkakqï lrKqfha ñ, fjkia jq m%udKh nj'
• fuu wkqmd;h wjOuklh kñka y÷kajk nj'
• tu wkqmd;h 100 ka .=Kl, úg ñ, o¾Ylhla f,i Ndú; l< yels nj
• fuh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd my; iQ;%h fhdod .kakd nj'
• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h weia;fïka;= ieliSu i|yd fhdod.kq ,nk ish¨u NdKav
yd fiajd ñ, .Kka fuys we;=<;a ùu iqùfYaI ,laIKhla nj'
mdßfNda.sl ñ, o¾Ylh }P
1Q
0
P0Q
0∑
∑
wod< j¾Ifha j¾;k ñ,g wkqj o'foa'ksIamdokh
wod< j¾Ifha ia:djr ñ,g wkqj o'foa'ksIamdokh
.uH ñ, o¾Ylh
- 9 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'3 ( WoaOukh ms<sn| ixl,am ú.%y lrñka WoaOuk m%fNao wOHhkh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• WoaOukh w¾: olajhs'
• WoaOukh uekSug Ndú; lrk ñkqï bÈßm;a lrhs'
• WoaOukfha m%fNao kï lr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• WoaOuk wdY%s;j bÈßm;ajk úúO ixl,am idlÉPd lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• wd¾Ólfha fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys yg.kakd wLKav by< hdulaa WoaOukhla f,i
y÷kajk nj'
• wd¾Ólhl WoaOukfha m%udKh ;SrKh jkqfha tla tla NdKavfha ñf,ys yg.kakd
fjki u.ska fkdj ish¿ NdKav yd fiajdj, ñ, .Kkaj, idudkH w.h u.ska
nj'
• fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys ienE jYfhka yg.kakd by< hdu u;=msg WoaOukh nj'
• uQ,sl WoaOukh fyj;a háoeß WoaOukh kñka ye¢kafjkafka ;djld,sl ñ,
fjkialï igyka lsÍu i|yd .e,mqïlrk ,o WoaOuk wkqmd;slh nj'
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;ska jeks b,a¨ï l<ukdlrK m%;sm;a;ska ms<sn| ;SrK .ekSfï §
ie,ls,su;a úh hq;af;a uQ,sl WoaOukh ms<sn| j nj'
• cd;Hka;r iïu; Tiafia hñka Y%s ,xldj o uQ,sl WoaOukh .Kkh lsÍu i|yd
wdydr yd bkaOk hk whs;uhka fol bj;a lrk nj'
• WoaOuk fõ.h mokï lrf.k m%i¾mK WoaOukh" cjk WoaOukh" w;sWoaOukh"
i¾ms, WoaOukh yd u¾ê; WoaOukh jYfhka WoaOukh m%fNao y÷kd.kakd nj
• WoaOuk fõ.h l%ufhka wvqùu ksreoaOukh nj'
• wd¾Ólhl fmdÿ ñ, uÜgfuys yg .kakd wLKav my<hdula wjOukhla f,i
y÷kajk nj'
- 10 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 ( WoaOukh ú.%y lrk úúO m%fõY wkqidrfhka WoaOukhg
n,mdk fya;= iy m%;súmdl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (• WoaOukh n,mdk fya;= úúO m%fõY Tiafia meyeÈ,s lrhs'• WoaOukfha m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍug fhdo.; yels l%shd ud¾. meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• WoaOukh my; i|yka m%fõY weiqßka úYaf,aIKh l, yels nj'
• b,a¨fuka weÿKq WoaOukh
• msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh
• jHqyd;aul WoaOukh
• iSñ; NdKav m%udKhla miqmi we§ hk w;s úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla fya;=fjka
b,a¨fuka weÿKq WoaOukhla we;s jk nj'
• b,a¨u jeä ùu flfrys uQ,H m%idrKh" rdcH Kh j¾Okh yd rdcH úhoï
by<hdu bjy,a jk nj'
• b,a¨ï WoaOuk kHdfha m%fõY uqo,a m%udKjd§ ú.%yh yd flakaiShdkq ú.%yh
jYfhka fowdldr nj'
• fhojqï ñ, by< hdu ksid ksIamdok msßjeh jeä ùfuka NdKav yd fiajdjka ys
ñ, by< hdu msßjefhka ;,a¨ jQ WoaOukh nj'
• cd;sl wdodhï mx.= w;am;a lr .ekSug úúO lKavdhï w;r mj;akd .egqu u;
we;sjk msßjeh by< hdu ksid ñ, uÜgu jeäjk nj'
• ksoiqka jYfhka jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdud¾. ksid jegqma jeäùu oelaúh yels nj'
• b,a fuka weÿKq yd msßjefhka ;,a jq WoaOukh m%ia;dr weiqfrka ú.%y l< yels
nj'
• wd¾Ól jHqyfha mj;sk oDv;d" iSud yd wkuH;d wd§h fya;=fjka jHqyd;aul
WoaOukhla we;s jk nj'
• WoaOukh ksid úúO wd¾Ól m%;súmdl we;sjk nj'
• uqof,a uQ¾; w.h wvqùu ia:djr wdodhï ,nkakka" b;sß lrkakka iy Kh ysñhka
yg wys;lr f,i n,mdk nj'
• úp,H wdodhï ,nkakkag yd Kh .e;shka yg WoaOukh jdis odhl jk nj
• uQ¾; wdodhu my; iQ;%h Ndú;fhka .Kkh l< yels nj'
• WoaOukh fya;=fjka wd¾Ól lghq;=j, ld¾hlaIu;dj wvqùu WoaOukfha wd¾Ól
msßjeh nj'
• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍu i|yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;s yd rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l<ukdlrKh
fhdod .; yels nj'
uQ¾; wdodhu kdñl wdodhu
ñ< o¾Ylh
- 11 -
ksmqK;dj 8 ( wd¾Ólhl ls%hdldÍ;ajhg uqo,a yd nexl= moaO;sh odhl jk
wdldrh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( uqo,a" uqo,a j¾. yd uqof,a ld¾hhka úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05
bf.kqï M, (
• uqo,a w¾:l;kh lrñka fyd| uqo,l ,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• uqo,a j¾. lrñka tajdg ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'
• uqof,a ld¾hhka ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• uqof,a w.h y÷kajñka tys wNHka;r yd ndysr w.h ;SrKh jk wdldrh fmkajd
fohs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• iDcq yqjudre l%uh hgf;a NdKav yqjudrefõ § ÿIalr;djkag uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ
nj'
• NdKav yqjudrefõ § jqjukd w;r oaúl iumd;hla mej;sh hq;= nj'
• ta yereKq úg NdKav yqjudre l%ufha § fjk;a ÿIalr;djkag o uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ
nj'
• uqo,a Ndú;h;a iu. tu ÿIalr;djhkaf.ka fndfydauhlg úi÷ï ,enqKq nj'
• fmdÿ ms<s.ekSula we;s yqjudre udOHhla f,i lghq;= lrk ´kE u fohla uqo,a
f,i ie,lsh yels nj'
• wfkl=;a j;alï w;ßka zuqo,aZ keu;s j;alfuys iqúfYaIS ,laIK mj;sk nj
• fyd| uqo,l my; i|yka ,laIK olakg we;s nj'
• fmdÿ ms<s.ekSula mej;Su
• l,a mj;akd nj
• iucd;Sh nj
• l=vd fldgiaj,g fnÈh yels ùu
• myiqfjka m%jdykh l< yels ùu
• jákdlu úp,kh fkdùu
• jxpksl f,i wkqlrKh l< fkdyels ùu
• j¾;udkfha Ndú;jk uqo,a j¾. rdYshla mj;sk nj'
• rg ;=< ´kE u .kqfokqjla i|yd kS;sfhka j,x.= uqo,a jHdjydr uqo,a nj'
• jdKsc nexl=j, mj;sk cx.u .sKqï nexl= uqo,a nj'
• jHjydr uqo,a iy fplam;a kQ;k uqo,a jYfhka y÷kajk nj'
- 12 -
• myiqfjka yqjudre udOHhla njg m;alr .; yels j;alï wdikak uqo,a nj'
• jákdlfï ixksêhla jYfhka l%shd fkdlrk" tfy;a ;djld,sl yqjudre
udOHla jYfhka lghq;= lrk oE uqo,a wdfoaYl nj'
ksoiqka (- (- (- (- (- Khm;a
• fN!;sl uqo,a úoHq;a l%uh Ndú;fhka .nvd lr ;nd uDÿldx.hla u.ska .kqfokq
i|yd fhdod .kakd l%ufõohla úoHq;a uqo,a jk nj'
• uqof,a my; oelafjk ld¾hhka mj;sk nj'
• yqjudre udOHhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu
• jákdlfï ixksêhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu
• .sKqï tallhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu
• ú,ïî; f.jqï udOHla f,i lghq;= lsÍu
• .kqfokqjla isÿ lsÍfï § w;rueÈfhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍu yqjudre udOHla
f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• wkd.; wfhdackh i|yd Okh /ialr ;nd .ekSu j;alfï ikaksêhla f,i
lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• NdKavhl fyda fiajdjl jákdlu fmdÿ tallhlska m%ldY lsÍfï yelshdj
.sKqï tallhla f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• l,amiq jq f.ùï jvd;a ld¾hlaIu j isÿ lsÍug we;s yelshdj ú,ïî; f.jqï
udOHla f,i lghq;= lsÍu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• lsishï wjia:djl uqo,a tallhlska ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd m%udKh
uqof,a w.h jk nj'
• uqof,a w.h wNHka;r iy ndysr jYfhka fldgia l< yels nj'
• hï rgl uqo,a tallhlska ta rg ;=< § ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd m%udKh
uqof,a wNHka;r w.h jk nj'
• hï rgl uqo,a tallhlska úfoaY rgl § ñ, § .; yels NdKav yd fiajd
m%udKh uqof,a ndysr w.h jk nj'
• uqof,a wNHka;r w.h foaYSh ñ, uÜgu wkqj ;SrKh jk w;r uqof,a ndysr
w.h úksuh wkqmd;slh u; ;SrKh jk nj'
• uqof,a ndysr w.h iy wNHka;r w.h w;r Ok iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk nj'
- 13 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'2 ( uqo,a b,a¨u flfrys n,mdk idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, (
• uqo,a b,a¨u w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• uqo,a b,a¨u flfrys n,mdk idOl meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• uqo,a b,a¨u yd ta flfrys n,mdk idOl w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj m%ia;dr
weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• isiqkag uqo,a wjYHùug fya;= úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyh jkak'
• wdydr mdk ñ, § .ekSu" fnfy;a ñ,§ .ekSu" yÈis wjYH;djl § m%fhdackhg
.ekSu yd m%jdyk myiqlï ,nd .ekSu jeks lghq;= i|yd mqoa.,hska uqo,a <Õ
;nd .kakd nj'
• fuf,i uyckhd uqo,a <Õ ;nd .ekSug we;s leue;a; uqo,a b,a¨u nj'
• uqo,a b,a¨ug úúO idOl n,mdk nj'
bf.kqu i|yd fhdacs; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka jkafka mqoa.,hl=g uqo,a wjYH jk wjia:d lsysmhls' ta w;ßka Tn
lKavdhug ,efnk wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• iy,a ñ, § .ekSu i|yd
• ksjfia § we;sjk yÈis wjYH;djla i|yd
• fldgia fjf<|fmdf<a wdfhdackh i|yd
• Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s wjia:dj flfrys ie<ls,su;a jkak'
• ta jeks u jQ uqo,a wjYH jk fjk;a wjia:d i|yd ksoiqka yels;dla ,ehsia;=.;
lrkak'
• Tng hï ksYaÑ; udisl wdodhula mj;S hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'
• thska fldmuK uqo,la Tn lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh i|yd fjka lrkafka oehs
;SrKh lrkak'
- 14 -
• by; udisl wdodhu fo.=K jqjfyd;a wod< ld¾hhkag fjka lrk uqo,
;SrKh lrkak'
• by; f;dr;=re weiqfrka wdodhu fjkia ùula yd wod< ld¾hhg uqo,a fjka
lsÍu w;r iïnkaO;dj oelafjk m%ia;drhla ks¾udKh lrkak' ^;Sria
wlaIfha wod< ld¾hh fjka lrk uqo," isria wlaIfha wdodhu&
• by; m%ia;drh weiqßka wdodhu yd Tng wod< ld¾hhg uqo,a fjka lsÍu w;r
mj;sk iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrKh iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• lsishï wjia:djloS uqo,a" uqo,aa jYfhka <Õ ;nd .ekSug uyckhd ;=< we;s
leue;a; uqo,a b,a¨u jYfhka w¾:l;kh l< yels nj'
• uqo,g we;s b,a¨u my; oelafjk m%Odk lreKq ;=k mokï lrf.k isÿjk
nj'
• .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj
• wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj
• iufmalaIK fÉ;kdj
• mqoa.,hdg wdodhï ,eîu iy úhoï lsÍu tlsfklg fkd.e,mSu ksid
.Kqfokq lsÍfï wruqKska uqo,a fYaI <Õ ;nd .ekSu .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj ksid
we;sjk uqo,a b,a¨u f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• m%Odk jYfhka mqoa.,hdf.a wdodhï uÜgu wkqj .Kqfokq i|yd we;sjk
uqo,a b,a¨u fjkiajk nj'
• wdodhï uÜgu yd .Kqfokq i|yd uqo,a b,a u;a w;r wkqf,dau iïnkaO;djhla
mj;sk nj'
• th my; oelafjk wdldrhg Ys%;hla iy m%ia;drhla weiqfrkaa oelaúh yels nj'
- 15 -
• wdodhï yer fjk;a lreKq o .Kqfokq fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,a¨ug
n,mdk nj'
• wkfmalaIs; wjia:dj, § isÿjk úhoï oeÍu i|yd uqo,a fYaI <Õ ;nd
.ekSu wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj hgf;a uqo,g we;s b,a¨u jk nj'
• wdrlaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,a¨u o wdodhu u; ;SrKh jk nj'
• wdodhu iy wdrlaIK fÉ;kdj;a u; uqo,g we;s b,a¨u;a w;r wkqf,dau
iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk w;r tu iïnkaO;dj Ys%;d;aul j yd m%ia;dßl j
my; whqßka ksrEmKh l< yels nj'
• wkd.;fha ,dN bmhSfï wruqKska wh jia;=jla f,i uqo,g we;s b,a¨u
iufmalaIK fÉ;kdj u; uqo,g we;s jk b,a¨u nj'
= .Kqfokq fÉ;kdj u; uqo,a b,a¨u
Y= wdodhï uÜgu
Y0
>
>
= wdrlaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,a¨u
Y = wdodhu
Y0 >
>
Md
t Md
t
Md
t = f(Y)
M dp
M d
p
M d
p = f(Y)
- 16 -
• iïfmalaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s jk b,a¨u;a fjf<|fmd< fmd,S
wkqmd;h;a w;r m%;sf,dau iïnkaO;djhla mj;sk nj'
• th Ys%;d;aul j yd m%ia;dßl j my; mrsos ksrEmKh l< yels nj'
= iïfmalaIK fÉ;kdfjka uqo,g we;s b,a¨u
R = fjf<|fmd< fmd,S wkqmd;slh
R0 >
>Md
s
Md
s
Md
s = f(R)
- 17 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a iemhqu úYaf,aIKd;aul j mÍlaId lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• uqo,a iemhqu w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh lrk idOl meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• uQ,H iuia;hka fm<.iajd tajd fjka fjka jYfhka ú.%y lrhs'
• uy nexl=fõ j.lSï iy j;alï weiqfrka mokï uqo,a w;r iïnkaO;djh ú.%y
lrhs'
• uqo,a .=Klh w¾:l;kh lrñka th ;SrKh jk wdldrh iólrK weiqfrka
bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• uyckhd w;r úúOdldrfha uqo,a .Kqfokq isÿúh yels nj'
• tf,i isÿjk .Kqfokqj, § uyckhd w; uqo,a ixirKh jk nj'
• fuf,i lsishï ksYaÑ; wjia:djl § uyckhd w; ixirKh jk uq¨ uqo,a
f;d.h uqo,a iemhqu f,i y÷kajk nj'
• uqo,a iemhqu f;d. ixl,amhla nj'
• nexl= j.lSï jk uQ,H iuia;hkag wh;a jk oE my; mßÈ fldgia l< yels nj'
• mokï uqo,a$ wê n,e;s uqo,a$ ixÑ; uqo,a iemhqu
• mgq uqo,a iemhqu
• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu
• mq¿,a uqo,a ixl,amh kej; my; mrsos fldgia l< yels nj'
• M2 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu
• M2b taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu
• M4 jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu
• M5 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu
• by; ixl,am my; mßÈ fjka fjka j meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'
• mgq uqo,a iemhqu } uyckhd i;= ldis yd fkdaÜgq + jdKsc nexl= fj;e;s
uyckhd i;= b,a¨ï ;ekam;=
M1 = CP + DDP
- 18 -
• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } mgq uqo,a iemhqu + uyck;dj i;= jdKsc nexl= fj;e;s
ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;=
M2 = M
1 + TSD
• taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu + wfkajdisl úfoaY jHjydr
uqo,a ;ekam;= + úfoaY jHjydr nexl= tallj, fkajdisl ;ekam;=
M2b = M
2 + TSD
NRFC + RD
FCBU
• jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu + n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs;
nexl=j, uyckhd i;= ld,Sk yd b;=reï ;ekam;= + ,shdmÈxÑ l< uQ,H
iud.ïj, fkajdisl ;ekam;=
M4 = M
2b + RD
LSB + RD
FC
M4 = M
1 + wdikak uqo,a
• M5uqo,a iemhqu i|yd we;=<;a lr .kakd wdikak uqo,a my; mßÈ oelaúh yels
nj'
• M5 mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu } M
4 + úksuh ì,a" jdKsc ì,a wd§ øjYS, uQ,H j;alï
• YS% ,xldfõ mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh ùu flfrys uy nexl=fõ fYaI m;%h iy
jdKsc nexl= fYaI m;%hla mokï lr .kakd nj'
• mq¿,a uqo,a iemhqu ;SrKh ùu i|yd n,mdk idOlj,g wod< iólrK my;
mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
M2 / fyda (CP + DDP + TSD) = NFAB + NCG
B + GPS
KB + NOA
B
• by; iólrKfha ol=Kq me;af;a moj,ska oelafjk mq¿,a uqo,a ;SrKh ùu
flfrys n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
NFAB = nexl= l%uh i;= Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï
NCGB = nexl= l%uh u.ska rchg iemfhk Y=oaO Kh
GPSKB
= jdKsc nexl= úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYhg imhk Kh
NOAB = nexl= l%uh i;= wfkl=;a Y=oaO j;alï
• uqo,a iemhqu i|yd n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj
M2b = NFA + NDA + NOA
NFA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï
NDA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha Y=oaO foaYSh j;alï
NOA = taldnoaO nexl= l%ufha wksl=;a Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï
- 19 -
• by; fmka jQ mßÈ uQ,H iuia;hkaf.a ;Srl l%u follg mÍlaId l< yels nj'
• j;alï yd j.lSï m%fõYh
• wê n,e;s uqo,a m%fõYh
• wê n,e;s uqo,a (mokï uqo,a$ ixÑ; uqo,) hkq uy nexl=fõ iDcq uQ,H j.lSï
nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ uqo,a m%;sm;a;sfha fufyhqï b,lalh mokï uqo,a nj'
• wê n,e;s uqo,a wdldr follg ú.%y l< yels nj'
• j.lSï weiqfrka
• j;alï weiqfrka
• wê n,e;s uqo,a ;SrKh lrk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• uy nexl=j rchg ÿka Y=oaO Kh
• uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO úfoaY j;alï
• uy nexl=fõ Y=oaO wfkl=;a j;alï
• uy nexl=j úiska jdKsc nexl=j,g imhk ,o Kh
• Ndú;Sh moku u; wê n,e;s uqo,aj, ixhq;sh my; mßÈ jk nj'
• ixirKfhys mj;akd ldis yd fkdaÜgq
• jdKsc nexl= i;= uy nexl=fõ we;s ;ekam;=
• rdcH ksfhdað; wdh;k i;= uy nexl=fõ we;s ;ekam;=
• uqo,a iemhqu yd wê n,e;s uqo,a w;r wkqmd;h uqo,a .=Klh nj'
• fï wkqj wê n, uqo,a m%udKh yd uqo,a .=Klfha .=Ks;h uqo,a iemhqu nj'
• uqo,a iemhqu" wê n,e;s uqo,a" uqo,a .=Klh w;r iïnkaO;djh my;
iólrKj,ska fmkaúh yels nj'
M = uqo,a f;d.h
MH/K = uqo,a .=Klh
H = wê n,e;s uqo,a
M = K x H uqo,a iemhqu } uqo,a .=Klh x uqo,a moku
M uqo,a iemhquH =
K uqo,a moku }
uqo,a .=Klh
- 20 -
M uqo,a iemhquK =
Huqo,a .=Klh }
uqo,a moku
M1
H
M2
H
M2b
H
M4
H
1+C
C+E+RK =
uqo,a .=Klh }
1 + jHjydr uqo,a yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (C)
C +wê ixÑ; yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (E) +
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; yd nexl= ;ekam;= w;r wkqmd;h (R)
• uqo,a .=Klfha m%fNao my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• mgq uqo,a .=Klh
• mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh
• taldnoaO mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh
• jvd;a mq¿,a uqo,a .=Klh
• uqo,a .=Klh ksr;=rej u tlg jeä w.hla .kakd nj'
• my; i|yka iQ;%h wod< lrf.k uqo,a .=Klh flfrys n,mdk idOl y÷kd
.; yels nj'
• by; iQ;%hg wkqj uqo,a .=Klh flfrys n,mdk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels
nj'
• jHjydr uqo,a f;d.h (C)
• wê ixÑ; wkqmd;h (E)
• jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h (R)
- 21 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'4 ( YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H moaO;sh j¾. lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k moaO;sh uy nexl= jd¾;djg wkqj j¾. lrhs'
• tla tla uQ,H wdh;k fláfhka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H wdh;k moaO;sh my; i|yka mßÈ j¾. l< yels nj'
• nexl= wxYh
• YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
• n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl=
• n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=
• ;ekam;= Ndr .kakd wfkl=;a uQ,H wdh;k
• ,shdmÈxÑ uQ,H iud.ï
• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl=
• iliqrejï yd Khfok iuQmldr ió;s
• wfkl=;a úfYaIs; uQ,H wdh;k
• úfYaIs; l,a nÿ iud.ï
• m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka
• jdKsc nexl=
• fldgia ;e/õldr iud.ï
• tall Ndr
• jHjidhl m%d.aOk iud.ï
• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï wdh;k
• .súiqï .; b;sß lsÍfï wdh;k
• rlaIK iud.ï
• fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,
• fiajl Ndrldr wruqo,
• wksl=;a w¾:idOl wruqo,
• rdcH fiajd w¾:idOl wruqo,
• YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùu i|yd msysg jQ iajdëk wdh;kh YS%
,xld uy nexl=j nj'
- 22 -
• YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ m%Odk ld¾h jkqfha fmd,S wkqmd;slh yd uqo,a iemhqu
yeisrùug uQ,H WmlrK l<ukdlrKh lsÍu nj'
• n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= f,i ie,flkafka cx.u .sKqï ^b,a¨ï ;ekam;=&
mj;ajdf.k hdu iy úfoaY úksuh .Kqfokqj, ksr;jk uQ,H w;rueÈ wdh;k
nj'
^YS% ,xldj ;=< l%shd;aul n,m;%,dNS jdKsc nexl= ms<sn| isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd
lrkak'&
• b;=reï yd ld,Sk ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu" Kh iemhSu m%uqL fldg f.k ls%hd;aul
jk uQ,H w;rueÈ wdh;k n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= f,i ie,flk nj'
• YS% ,xldj ;=< ls%hd;aul n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl= my; mßÈ úYaf,aIKh l<
yels nj'
• m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok nexl=
• cd;sl b;sß lsÍfï nexl=
• È.= ld,Sk Kh fok wdh;k
• ksjdi Kh fok wdh;k
• fm!oa.,sl b;sß lsÍfï yd ixj¾Ok nexl=
• n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j, ld¾hNdrh my; i|yka mßÈ fm<.eiaúh yels
nj'
• b;=reï yd ld,Sk ;ekam;= mj;ajd f.k hdu
• flá ld,Sk yd È.= ld,Sk Kh iemhSu
• Wlia lghq;= lsÍu
• È.= ld,Sk wdfhdack
• ld,Sk ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu iy l=,S iskaklalr l%uhg Kh iemhSu hk
ld¾hhka m%uqLfldg f.k ls%hd;aul jk uQ,H wdh;k uQ,H ,shdmÈxÑ iud.ï
f,i ie,flk nj'
• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= iuQmldr iñ;sj, nexl= wxYh jk nj'
• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= idudðl yd idudðl fkdjk ck;djf.a b;=reï yd
ld,Sk ;ekam;= ,nd f.k idudðlhskag Kh ,nd fok nj'
• iuQmldr .%dóh nexl= iuQmldr mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ fldg msysgúh hq;= nj'
• iñ;s idudðlhskaf.a ;ekam;= yd idudðl fldgia uqo,a ,nd f.k idudðlhskag
muKla Kh ,nd §ug iuQmldr mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ lr msysg jQ uQ,H
wdh;k iliqrejï yd Kh .Kqfokq iuQmldr iñ;s nj'
- 23 -
• jdyk" hka;% WmlrK wd§ m%d.aOk j;alï l,a nÿ ysñhd úiska uQ,H wdh;kh&
ñ,g f.k tu j;alï mdúÉÑ lsÍfï lem whs;sh nÿlre fj; iemhSu yd ta
fjkqfjka nÿlref.a udisl jdßl uqo,a wh lsÍfï fhfok uQ,H wdh;k l,a
nÿ iud.ï nj'
• kshñ; ld,iSudj ;=< wod< j;alfï jákdlu nÿlre úiska f.jd ksul, miq
tys iskaklalr ysñldß;ajh nÿ ysñlre jk l,anÿ iud.u úiska nÿlre fj;
mjrd fok nj'
• YS% ,xldj ;=< l,anÿ iud.ï 20la muK ;sfnk w;r tajd jdKsc nexl=j,g"
n,m;%,dNS úfYaIs; nexl=j,g fyda uQ,H iud.ïj,g wh;a nj'
• uy nexl=j ksl=;a lrk NdKavd.dr ì,am;a yd NdKavd.dr ne÷ïlr ish,a,u
ñ,§ f.k kej;;a uyckhd fj; úlsKSu i|yd YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m;a
lr we;s wdh;k wdKavqfõ iq/l==ïm;a ms<sn| m%d:ñl fjf<kaoka nj'
• YS% ,xld uy nexl=j úiska m%d:ñl fjf<÷ka 11 la m;a fldg we;s nj'
• m%drlaIK fiajd" ksl=;= l<ukdlrK fiajd" wdfhdack Wmfoia fiajd" YlH;d
wOHhk ieliSu yd Kh ixúOdkh lsÍu iy m%;s.%yK uQ,H fiajdj wd§
ls%hdldrlïj, ksr; jk wdh;k jKsla nexl= nj'
• jKsla nexl= fiajd iemhSfï § uQ,H w;rueÈlrKfha ksr;jk jdKsc nexl=
m%uqL jk nj'
• iSñ; fmdÿ iud.ïj, jHdmdr fldgia yd Kh yqjudre lsÍfï § úl=Kqïlre
yd .ekqïlre iïnkaO lsÍfï w;rueÈ ld¾hNdrh bgq lrk wdh;k fldgia
;e/õldr iud.ï nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ fldgia fjf<|fmdf<a ;e/õldr iud.ï 15 la muK isák nj'
• fldgia fjf<ofmdf<a fldgia yqjudrej i|yd ;e/õlrejkaf.a w;rueÈlrK
fiajh wksjd¾hfhka fhdod .; hq;= nj'
• úYd, m%d.aOk iuqÉphl fldgia wdfhdaclhska fj; wf,úlr tla /ialr
.kq ,nk wdfhdack wruqo, tall Ndrhla nj'
• tall Ndr wruqo,a wdfhdackfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN tys fldgia ñ,g .;a tall
Ndr ysñhka w;r .súi.;a l%uhlg fnodyßkq ,nk nj'
• YS% ,xldj ;=< tall Ndr 12 la muK mj;sk nj'
• jHdmdßl fiajd iemhSu kj jHdmdßlhskaf.a jHdmdr i|yd m%d.aOk wjYH;d
imqrd,Sug kj jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍug" mj;sk jHdmdr jHdma; lsÍug" jHdmdr
mjrd .ekSug yd ñ, § .ekSug wruqo,a iemhSfï ksr;jk wdh;k jHjidhl
m%d.aOk iud.ï nj'
- 24 -
• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu hkq Khlr fyda uQ,H WmlrK fyda ksl=;a lrkakdf.a
uQ,H Yla;sh ms<sn| we.hSula bÈßm;a lsÍu nj'
• Kh uqo,la ÿkaúg Kh wdmiq wh lr .ekSfï Yla;sh ms<sn| ;lafiarejla
,nd§u Kh fY%aKs.; lsÍfï § isÿjk nj'
• uQ,H WmlrKj, wdfhdackh lrk wdfhdaclhskayg tu WmlrKj, .=Kd;aul
;;a;ajh yd úYajikSh;ajh ksjerÈ j y÷kdf.k wdfhdack f;aÍï lsÍug
úêu;a u. fmkaùula Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu u.ska isÿjk nj'
• Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍfï lS¾;su;a cd;Hka;r wdh;k lSmhla my; oelafjk nj'
• uQãia iud.u
• iagEkav¾â yd m%j¾ia iud.u
• *sÉ f¾áka.aia iud.u
• lsishï rgl wdKavqjl Kh wdmiq f.ùfï yelshdj" iajdëk Kh fYa%Ks.;
lsÍfï wdh;khla u.ska ;lafiare lr .ekSu iaffjÍ Kh fYa%Ks.; lsÍu f,i
y÷kajk nj'
• mqoa.,hska yd hï wdh;k uqyqK fok wjodkï ndr f.k ydkshla we;s jQ
wjia:dj, § tu ydks m%;smQ¾Kh lsÍug bÈßm;a jk wdh;k rlaIK wdh;k
nj'
• rlaIK wdh;k úiska úúO j¾.fha rlaIK Tmamq ksl=;a lr ta i|yd .dia;=
wh lrkq ,nk nj'
• furg ;=< ls%hd;aul jk rlaIK wdh;k rlaIK mk; hgf;a ,shdmÈxÑ úh
hq;= nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ rlaIK wdh;k 15 la muK ls%hd;aul jk nj'
• fiajH yd fiajl hk fomd¾Yjfha odhl;ajfhka fiajlhdg ysñlï ,efnk
mßÈ" lïlre fomd¾;fïka;=fõ wëlaIKh hgf;a YS% ,xld uy nexl=j ;=<
mj;ajdf.k hk wruqo, fiajl wruqo, nj'
• fiajlhd úY%du hk wjia:dfõ § fiajlhd kñka fiajl w¾:idOl wruqof,a
we;s odhl uqo,a yd Bg wod< fmd<S m%;s,dN fiajlhd fj; f.jk nj'
• fiajl w¾:idOl wruqof,a fiajlhd kñka wruqo,a ;ekam;a lsÍu kS;Hdkql+,
wksjd¾h .súi.;a b;sß lsÍula nj'
- 25 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'5 ( nexl= moaO;sh ;=< jdKsc nexl=j, ld¾hNdrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• jdKsc nexl= w¾: olajhs'
• jdKsc nexl=j, ld¾hhka úia;r lrhs'
• jdKsc nexl=jl j;alï jHqyh úYaf,aIKd;aul j bÈßm;a lrhs'
• jdKsc nexl=jl iqúfYaIS ld¾hhla jk uqo,a ueùu isÿjk wdldrh ixLHd o;a;
weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'
• jdKsc nexl=jl uqo,a ueùu ;SrKh lrk idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• uQ,sl jYfhka ,dN bmhSfï wruqK iys; j uQ,H w;rueÈlrKfha ksr; jk
uQ,H moaO;sh ;=< ls%hd;aul jk b;d m%n, yd m%uqL uQ,H wdh;k úfYaIh jdKsc
nexl= nj'
• jdKsc nexl=j,ska imhk fiajdjka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'
• ;ekam;= Ndr .ekSu
• Kh iemhSu
• flá ld,Sk Kh
• È.= ld,Sk Kh
• ksfhdað; fiajd
• fmdÿ Wmfhda.s;d fiajd
• úfoaY nexl= lghq;=j, § iydh ùu
• W.ia fiajd iemhSu
• iq/l=ï fiajd mj;ajdf.k hdu
• úfoaY úksuh .Kqfokqj,g wod< myiqlï iemhSu
• jdKsc nexl=jl fYaI m;%fhys we;=<;a whs;uhka ú.%y lsÍfuka nexl=fõ jHdmdr
lghq;= ms<sn| ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels nj'
• fYaI m;%fhys jïmi fldgiska fmkajkafka jdKsc nexl=fõ j.lSï ixrplhka
jk w;r ol=Kq mi fldgiska fmkajkafka j;alï ixrplhka nj'
• fYaI m;%fhys j.lSïj, tl;=j j;alïj, tl;=jg iudk úh hq;= nj'
- 26 -
^YS% ,xld uy nexl= jd¾;dj weiqfrka jdKsc nexl= taldnoaO fYaI m;%h ms<sn|
wjfndaOh isiqkag ,nd fokak'&
• jdKsc nexl=jla jHdmdßl lghq;= uQ,sl wruqKq folla uq,a lrf.k bgqlrk w;r
tu wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'
• øjYS,;djh wdrlaId lsÍu
• ,dNodhS;ajh by< kxjd .ekSu
• fuu wruqKq w;r .eàula mj;sk nj'
• jdKsc nexl=jla úiska uy nexl= kshuhkag wkqj ;u ;ekam;= m%udKfhka lsishï
m%;sY;hla uqo,a ixÑ; f,i mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= jk w;r" tu wkqmd;h
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h kñka y÷kajk nj'
• uy nexl=j fuu wkqmd;h l,ska l,g fjkia lrkq ,nk nj'
• jdKsc nexl= ;=< jHjia:dms; ixÑ; m%udKh blaujd we;s ixÑ; m%udKh
wê ixÑ; f,i yeoskafjk w;r th my; mrsos fiúh yels nj'
wê ixÑ;h } mj;akd uqo,a ixÑ; - jHjia:dms; ixÑ;h
• wê ixÑ;h my; idOl u; ;SrKh jk nj'
• Kh i|yd mj;sk b,a¨u
• øjYS,;dj yd ,dNodhl;ajh w;r jdKsc nexl= f;aÍu
• uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s
• ;ekam;= .=Klh hkq" b,a¨ï ;ekam;=jla mokï fldg Kh ueùfï ^;ekam;=
m%idrKfha& jdr .Kk jk w;r jeä jQ ixÑ;h fuka fldmuK .=Khlska b,a ï
;ekam;= jeäfõo hkak nexl= ;ekam;= m%idrK .=Klfhka oelafjk nj'
• ;ekam;= .=Klh jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;fha mriamrhg iudk nj'
nexl= ;ekam;= m%idrK .=Klh
ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (-ksoiqka (- nexl= ;ekam;= .=Klh
• øjYS,;dj wdrlaId lsÍug hdfï § ,dNodhs;ajh wvqjk w;r ,dNodhs;ajh wdrlaId
lsÍug hdfï § øjYS,;djh wvq jk nj'
• by; wruqKq fol w;r .egqula mj;sk neúka wruqKq fol ;=,kh jk wdldrhg
j;alï mj;ajd .; hq;= nj'
r =10% kï ;ekam;= .=Klh
r
1(K) =
1
==r
1
jHjia:dms;ixÑ; wkqmd;h
= =1010
1
100 )(
- 27 -
• jdKsc nexl= úiska ;u wê ixÑ; Khg §u ;=<ska mej;s m%udKh fuka lSm
.=Khl ;ekam;= ìys lsÍu uqo,a ueùu nj'
• taldêldÍ nexl= l%uhla we;s úfgl tla nexl=jla muKla l%shd;aul jk ksid
uqo,a ueùu l< yels jqj;a nexl= moaO;shla mj;sk úg ;ks nexl=jlg uqo,a ueùu
l< fkdyels nj'
• nexl= moaO;shl Kh ueùfï l%shdj,sh i|yd my; i|yka Wml,amk mokï lr
.kakd nj'
• uQ,sl ;ekam;= j l< miq nexl= l%uh ;=<g w¨f;ka uqo,a .,d taula fyda nexl=
l%ufhka msg;g uqo,a .,d hdula fyda isÿ fkdùu'
• ish¨u Kh .eKqïlrejka ;ud ,o Kh uqo, iïmQ¾Kfhka u fjk;a nexl=jl
;ekam;a lrsu'
• lsis÷ nexl=jla wê ixÑ; mj;ajd fkd.ekSu'
• uqo,a ueùu ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd n,mdk idOl lSmhla we;s nj'
• jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h ^r &jeä jk úg ;ekam;= .=Klh wvq jk w;r
jHjia:dms; ixÑ; wkqmd;h ^r & wvqjk úg ;ekam;= .=Klh jeä jk nj'
• ;ekam;= ueùu ms<sn| my; i|yka iSudjka mj;sk nj'
• uyckhd jHjydr uqo,a <Õ ;nd .ekSug jeä wNsreÑhla fmkakqï l< fyd;a
jdKsc nexl=j, wê ixÑ; wvq ùu'
• nexl= wê ixÑ; mj;ajdf.k hdug fm<öfuka ;ekam;= ueùu wvqùu'
• Kh i|yd b,a¨u wvq ùu'
• uy nexl=fõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s hgf;a Kh m%idrKh ms<sn| mkjkq ,nk iSud
- 28 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'6 ( Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk uQ,H wdh;kh jk Y%s ,xld uy nexl=fõ
ld¾hNdrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs
bf.kqï M, (
• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j w¾: olajhs'
• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ wruqKq ú.%y lrhs'
• Y%S ,xld uy nexl=fõ ld¾hhka olajñka tu ld¾hhka wruqKq wkqj fm< .iajhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• Y%S ,xld w¾Ólfha uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùu i|yd msysg jQ iajdëk wdh;kh Y%S
,xld uy nexl=j nj'
• m%;sm;a;s" WmfoaY" lemùu iy úYsIag;ajh ;=<ska ;sridr wd¾Ól j¾Okhla i|yd
wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh iy uQ,H l%ufha ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu uy
nexl=fõ fufyjr nj'
• my; oelafjk mßÈ uy nexl=fõ wruqKq oaú;ajhka mj;sk nj'
• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu
• uQ,H l%ufha ñ, ia:dhS;djh mj;ajd f.k hdu
• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhs;djh hkafkka woyia lrkafka wvq WoaOuk fõ.hla fj;
<Õd ùu nj'
• ñ, ia:dhs;dj jeo.;a jkafka my; i|yka fya;= u; nj'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh m%j¾Okh lsÍug
• ld¾hlaIu f,i iïm;a fnod fjka lsÍug
• ksIamdolhska mdßfNda.slhka yd wdfhdaclhskaf.a wjodkï wju lsÍug
• wd¾Ól ie,iqï id¾:l lr .ekSug
• uQ,Hl%ufha ia:dhs;djhska wfmalaId lrkqfha ;ekam;alrejkag yd wdfhdaclhkag
ys;lr jd;djrKhla Wodlr §u i|yd há;, myiqlï jk M,odhS kshduk rduqj
Yla;su;a yd wdrlaIdldÍ f.ùï mshùï lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu nj'
• uQ,H l%ufha ia:dhs;djh jeo.;a jkafka my; i|yka fya;= i|yd nj'
• uQ,H wdh;k yd uQ,H fjf<|fmd< ld¾hlaIu j ls%hd;aul lsÍug
• f.jqï fYaI w¾nqo je<elaùug
• j;alïj, ñ, ixjr lsÍug
• fjf<|fmd< øjYS,;dj iqrlaIs; lsÍug
• wd¾Ól yd ñ, ia:dhs;dj iy uQ,H m%;sm;a;sfha ia:dhs;dj hk wruqKq fj;
<Õdùug fmd,S wkqmd;slh iy uqo,a iemhqu flfrys n,mEï lsÍug uQ,H WmlrK
yeisrùfï ls%hdj,sh uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fufyhùfï b,lal my; i|yka f,i oelaúh yels nj'
• fufyhqï b,lalh - wê n,e;s uqo,a m%udKh
• w;rueÈ b,lalh - fmd<sh iy uqo,a iemhqu
• wjidk b,lalh - ñ, uQ,H moaO;sfha ia:dhs;dj
- 29 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'7 ( YS% ,xldfõ uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKj, Ndú; úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKh w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• m%udKd;aul uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK kï lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'
• .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK kï lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iïfma%IK hdka;%Kh úia;r lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• jejl fidfrdõjlska isÿ lrk ld¾hh ms<sn| j isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• jejl c, l<ukdlrKfha § fidfrdõj Ndú; l< w;r wjYH m%udKfhka
wjYH ia:dkj,g c,h fnod yeÍu yd md,kh tu.ska isÿ l< nj'
• tf,i u YS% ,xld uy nexl=j o rfÜ uqo,a iemhqu md,kh i|yd úúO WmlrK
Ndú; lrk nj'
• fuf,i uqo,a iemhqu md,kh lsÍu i|yd Ndú; lrk úúO WmlrK uQ,H
m%;sm;a;s WmlrK f,i y÷kajk nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd § l%shdldrlfuys
fhdojkak'
- 30 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka jkafka uy nexl=j úiska miq.sh j¾Ifha § uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK
f,i .kq ,enQ ls%hdud¾. lsysmhls' thska Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq ls%hdud¾.h
flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;h 10] isg 14] olajd jeä lssÍu
• rn¾ j.dj i|yd Kh fmd,S wkqmd;slh 12] isg 10] olajd wvq lsÍu
• uy nexl=j újD; fjf<|fmdf<a remsh,a ñ,shk 05 la jákd iq/l=ïm;a úlsKSu
• jdKsc nexl= úiska mj;ajd .; hq;= ixÑ; m%udKh 7] isg 10] olajd jeä lsÍu
• Tng ,eî we;s ls%hdud¾.h fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'
• tu ls%hdud¾.h weiqßka wd¾Ólfha uqo,a iemhqu yd Kh iemhqug isÿjk n,mEu
idlÉPd lrkak'
• Tng wod< wjia:dj yd Kh md,kh w;r mj;sk iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsrSug iQodkï jkak'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• fmd,S wkqmd;slh;a uqo,a iemhqu;a fjkia lsÍu u.ska Kh msßjehg o øjYS,;djhg
o n,mEï lsÍu uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'
• m%udKd;aul uQ,H WmlrK yd .=Kd;aul uQ,H WmlrK hkqfjka uQ,H m%;sm;a;s
ls%hd;aul lsÍfï m%Odk WmlrK folla mj;sk nj'
• Kh iemhqu wvq lsÍu i|yd fmdÿfõ .kq ,nk ls%hdud¾. m%udKd;aul Kh md,k
WmlrK f,i;a" Kh mßudj iy Kh .,d hk ÈYdj md,kh lsÍu i|yd uy
nexl=j .kakd ls%hdud¾. .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK f,iskq;a ye¢kafjk nj'
• m%udKd;aul uQ,H WmlrK" nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh" jHjia:dms; ixÑ;
wkqmd;slh iy újg fjf<|fmd< lghq;= jYfhka m%Odk wdldr ;=kla jk nj'
• m%;sm;a;s fmd,S wkqmd;sl f,i
• nexl= fmd,S wkqmd;slh
• m%;s ñ,§ .ekqï wkqmd;slh
• m%;s úl=Kqï wkqmd;slh oelaúh yels nj'
• fï w;ßka m%;s ñ,§ .ekqï wkqmd;slh iy m%;s úl=Kqï wkqmd;slh úúg
fjf<|fmd< lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kakd nj
• .=Kd;aul Kh md,k WmlrK o úúO iajrEmfhka mj;sk nj'
• Kh iSud kshu lsÍu
• Kh i|yd wem iq/l=ï kshu lsÍu
• j¾Kd;aul fmd,S wkqmd;sl kshu lsÍu
- 31 -
• fï tlsfklla ksid uQ,H m%idrKhg yd Kh iemhqug we;sjk n,mEu meyeÈ,s
l< yels nj'
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;s iïfm%AIK hdka;%Kh
• fmd,S wkqmd;sl
• j;alï ñ,
• Kh iemhqu
• úksuh wkqmd;slh
• jHdmdßl yd l=gqïN wfmaCId
uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrKuQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK
m%udKd;aul uQ,H
WmlrK
.=Kd;aul Kh md,k
WmlrK
nexl= fmd,S
wkqmd;slh
jHjia:dms;
ixÑ;
wkqmd;slh
újg
fjf<|fmd<
lghq;=
m%;s ñ<§
.eKqï
wkqmd;slh
m%;s úl=Kqï
wkqmd;h
Kh iSud
kshu lsÍu
Kh i|yd
wem iq/l=ï
kshu lsÍu
j¾Kd;aul
fmd,S
wkqmd;
kshu lsÍu
hy fm<Uqï
• hy fm<Uqï
• uqo,a iemhqfï fjkiaùula iuia; úhou yd iu;=,s; ksujqu fjkiaùu olajd
.uka lrk wdldrh uQ,H iïfma%IK hdka;%Kh hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'
• ta ;=<ska iuia; úhoug yd iu;=<s; ksujqug jk n,mEu meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'
- 32 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'8 ( Y%S ,xldfõ uQ,H fjf<|fmd< úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾: olajhs'
• uQ,H fjf<|fmd< j¾. lr olajhs'
• uqo,a fjf<|fmd< w¾: olajñka tys l%shd;aul jk Wm fjf<| fmd<j,a meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< w¾: olajñka m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<a .Kqfokq lrk wdh;k
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• uqo,a fjf<|fmd< yd m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< w;r mj;ska fjkialï ii|hs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• uQ,H j;alïj, yqjudrej i|yd wjYH myiqlï imhk wdh;k fyda jevms<sfj<
uQ,H fjf<|fmd< kñka y÷kajk nj'
• uQ,H fj<|fmd<" uqo,a fjf<|fmd< iy m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< jYfhka m%Odk
j¾. follska iukaú; jk nj'
• Kh WmlrKj, øjYS,;djh yd mßK;ùfï ld,h uqo,a iy m%d.aOk fj<|fmd<
fjkalr.kakd ks¾Kdhl nj
• uqo,a yd flá ld,Sk uQ,H WmlrK .Kqfokq jk fjf<ofmd< uqo,a fjf<|fmd<
nj'
• fláld<sk Kh b,a¨ïlrejka yd iemhqïlrejka iïnkaO lsÍu tys m%Odk
ld¾hh nj'
• flá ld,Sk uQ,H WmlrK hkq idudkHfhka j¾Ihlg wvq mßK; ld,hla
iys; ì,am;a yd iqrel=ïm;a wdÈh nj'
• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<a .Kqfokq jk WmlrK f,i talaIK Kh" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a"
iq/l=ïm;a" foaYsh yd úfoaYsh úksuh ì,am;a iy jdksc m;s%ld m%;sñ<§ .ekqï
.súiqï hkdÈh oelaúh yels nj'
• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<a mj;sk Wm fjf<|fmd< my; ioyka jk nj'
• wka;¾ nexl= talaIK Kh fjf<|fmd<
• m%d:ñl yd oaú;Sl NdKavd.dr ì,am;a fjf<|fmd<
• foaYsh yd úfoaYsh úksuh fjf<|fmd<
• iSñ; tf;r nexl= fjf<|fmd<
- 33 -
• flá ld,Sk Kh fjf<|fmd<
• jdksc m;%sld fjf<|fmd<
• m%;s ñ<§ .ekqï .súiqï fjf<|fmd<
• jHdmdr wdh;kj,g yd rchg wjYH uOH yd È.=ld<sk wruqo,a imhkafka
m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<ka nj'
• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< my; i|yka wdh;kj,ska iukaú; jk nj'
• fld<U fldgia yqjudrej'
• n,m;%,dNs úfYaIs; nexl='
• jKsla nexl='
• l,anÿ iud.ï'
• uQ,H iud.ï'
• tall Ndr'
• b;=reï wdh;k'
• j¾Ihlg jvd jeä l,a msfrk Kh ,shú,s fuu fjf<| fmdf<a wf,ú flfrk
nj'
• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< yqjudrejk m%Odk WmlrK my; ioyka nj'
• Kh
• idudkH fldgia
• ms<sKm;a
• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<a Wm fjf<|fmd<j,a my; ioyka nj'
• fldgia fjf<|fmd<
• ms<sK m;a fjf<|fmd<
• jdksc nexl= È.= ld<sk Kh fjf<|fmd<
• nexl= fkdjk uQ,H wdh;kj, È.= ld<sk Kh fjf<|fmd<
- 34 -
ksmqK;dj 9 ( id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSfuys,d rch ueÈy;ajk
wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 ( fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug fya;= ;d¾lslj bÈßm;a lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu w¾: olajhs'
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug n,mdk fya;= ú.%y lrhs'
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùug n,mdk fya;= fjf<|fmd< l%uh wid¾:l ùug
n,mdk whqre ú.%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu hkqfjka woyia lrkafka iudcfha hym; Wfoid
ysÕ iïm;a fnod yeÍfï ,d fjf<|fmd< hdka;%Kh wfmdfydi;a ùu nj'
• iajd¾:h u; lrkq ,nk f;aÍï iudcfha hym;g iEuúgu odhl fkdjk nj'
• fuysoS iïm;a wld¾hlaIuj f,i fn§hdula is¥jk nj
• fjf<ofmd< wiu;a ùug my; i|yka fya;= n,mdk nj'
• ndysr;d
• wmQ¾K ;rÕh
• f;dr;+re wmQ¾K;ajh
• fmdÿ NdKav fkdiemhSu
• w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia;j fkd iemhSu
• iqNidOk NdKav m%Yia;j fkd iemhSu
• ksIamdokh ksid;a mßfNdackh ksid;a thg iDcq iïnkaOhla ke;s úúO md¾Yj
j,g we;s jk jkaÈ mQ¾Kh fkdl< hym;a yd whym;a n,mEï ndysr;d jk
w;r tjd ie,ls,a,g fkd.eksu ksid fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu isÿjk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § ;r.ldß;ajh ys,syS f.dia taldêldÍ ;;a;ajhla we;sùu
wmQ¾K ;r.h f,i yeoskafjk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;a ùu flfrys wmQ¾K ;r.h my; mrsos n,mdk nj'
• iïm;a wld¾hlaIu j fn§hdu
• ksIamdokh iudc m%Yia; ksIamdokhg jvd wvq ùu'
• NdKavfha ñ, ;r.ldÍ ;;a;ajhl § mj;sk ñ,g jvd jeä ùu'
- 35 -
• tla mqoa.,fhl+f.a mßfNdackh fjk;a mqoa.,fhl+f.a mßfNdackh iSud lsÍug
fya;+fkdjk" mßfNdackfhaoS ;r.ldß;ajhla fkdue;s iy ñ,la fkdf.jkakka
mßfNdackfhka neyerl, fkdyels NdKav yd fiajd fmdÿ NdKav nj'
ksoiqka ((((( úÓ wdf,dalh" m%§md.dr" T¾f,daiq lKq" cd;sl wdrlaIdj
• fmdÿ NdKav j,ska ñ,la whlr .; fkdyels ksid;a" ,dNhla ,eìh fkdyels
ksid;a fjf<|fmd< l%ufhka fmdÿ NdKav iemhSu isÿ fkdjk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § fmdÿ NdKav fkdiemhSu ksid fmdÿ NdKav iemhSug
rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj'
• mßfNdackfhaoS ;r.ldß;ajhla fkdue;s kuq;a ñ,la fkdf.jkakka mßfNdackfhka
neyer l< yels NdKav yd fiajd w¾O fmdÿ NdKav nj'
ksoiqka ((((( wêfõ.S uydud¾." Wux ud¾.
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia; j iemhSu isÿ fkdjk ksid
rchg ueÈy;a ù w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia;j iemhSug lghq;+ lÍug isÿjk nj'
• mßfNdackfha oS fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN blaujd iudc m%;s,dN ,efnk NdKav yd
fiajd iqNidOk NdKav nj'
ksoiqka ((((( wOHdmkh" fi!LH fiajd" ikSmdrlaIl fiajd
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § w¾O fmdÿ NdKav m%Yia; j iemhSu isÿ fkdjk ksid
W!k mßfNdackhla isÿjk nj'
• fï ksid iqN idOk NdKav mdßfNdackhg mdßfNda.slhd fm<Uùu i|yd
rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj'
• mßfNdackfhaoS fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN j,g jvd wvq iudP m%;s,dN ,efnk NdKav
yd fiajd iudchg wys;lr NdKav ^wj.=K NdKav& nj'
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § iudchg wys;lr NdKav ^wj.=K NdKav& iemhSfïoS
iudchSh jYfhka m%Yia; uÜgug jvd jeä ksIamdokhla isÿjk nj'
• fï ksid iudchg wys;lr NdKav wj.=K NdKav& ksIamdokh fyda mdßfNdackh
iSud lsÍu i|yd rchg ueÈy;a ùug isÿjk nj
• fjf<|fmd< l%ufha § mdßfNda.slhdg yd ksIAmdolhdg ;SrK .ekSug wjYH
lrk f;dr;+re ld¾hlaIu j fkd,eîu f;dr;+re wmQ¾K;ajh nj'
• fjf<ofmd< wiu;aùï jev meje;aùu i|yd rPhlg úúO l%shd ud¾. .;yels
nj'
- 36 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'2 ( fjf<|fmd< l%uh wid¾:lùu flfrys ndysr;dj, n,mEu
mÍlaId lrhs
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• ndysr;d ks¾jpkh lrhs'
• Ok ndysr;d yd iDK ndysr;d w;r fjki ksoiqka iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ksIamdokfha§ yd mßfNdackfha § we;sjk Ok yd iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka
bÈßm;a lrhs'
• mdßfNdackfha§ yd ksIamdokfha § we;sjk ndysr;d m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• ndysr;d fya;= fldgf.k fjf<ofmd< l%uh wid¾:l jk wdldrh meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• ndysr;d fya;=fjka yg.kakd fjf<ofmd< wid¾:l ùï j<lajd,Su i|yd fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• úYd, lrk ,o ndysr;d oelafjk mska;=r folla mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
ksoiqka (- l¾udka;Yd,djla iy ;eô,s fldaïnj, c,h msÍ mej;Sula
• mska;=rj, wvx.= oE j,ska iudchg isÿjk hym;a iy whym;a m%;sM, ms<sn|
isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• mska;=rj, wvx.= oE j,ska iudchg hym;a iy whym;a m%;sM, w;ajk nj
ksoiqka (-
• l¾udka;Yd,dj ksid kjd;eka myiqlï j, ñ, by, hdu
• ;eô,s fldaïnj, c,h msßu ksid fvx.= iy nrjd jeks jix.; we;s ùu
• ta fjkqfjka iudchg jkaÈhla ,eîu fyda iudch úiska úhoula oeÍu fyda
isÿ fkdjk nj'
• fï wdldrhg lsishï wd¾Ól lghq;a;la ksid Bg iïnkaO fkdjk ndysr
md¾Yajhlg w;ajk jkaÈ úp,kh fkdlrk ,o jdis fyda wjdis ndysr;d
f,i yÿkajk nj'
• ksIamdokfha § fukau mßfNdckfha § o ndysr;d yg.kakd nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §
l%shdldrlfu ys fhdojkak'
- 37 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=frka Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
• ksIamdokfha ndysr;d
• mdßfNdackfha ndysr;d
• Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla
fufyhjkak'
• ud;Dldj,g wod<j Tng ,eî we;s w;aoelSï idlÉPd lr f;dr;=re /ialr .kak
• Tn /ialr .;a f;dr;=re weiqfrka ndysr;d ,ehsia;= .; lr tu ndysr;d ys;lr
yd wys;lr ndysr;d f,i fjka fldg olajkak'
• ndysr;d we;sùug fya;= yd tajdfha m%;sM, y÷kd.kak'
• tu ndysr;d j<lajd .ekSfus jeo.;alu yd tajd j<lajd .kakd wdldrh ms<sno
Tfí woyia bÈßm;a lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYs,s j bÈßm;a lsÍug iqodkï jkak'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• ndysr;d hkq lsishï wd¾Ól lghq;a;la ksid Bg iïnkaO fkdjk ndysr md¾Yjhkag
isÿ jk jkaÈ fkdf.jk ,o jdis fyda wjdis nj'
• ksIamdok fukau md¾fNdackfhka o ndysr;d mek k.sk nj'
• ksIamdok lghq;a;la ksid ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis fyda wjdis ksIamdokfha
ndysr;d nj'
• mßfNdack lghq;a;la ksid ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis fyda wjdis mdßfNdackfha
ndysr;d nj'
• ndysr md¾Yjhkag we;sjk jdis iy.; ;;a;aj Ok ndysr;d f,i;a wjdis iy.;
;;a;aj iDK ndysr;d f,i;a ie,flk nj'
• ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;d j,g ksoiqka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'
• kj ;dlaIKh i|yd fhduq jQ m¾fhaIK
• w,xldr Whka j;=
- 38 -
• ksIamdokfha iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• fmdis, bkaOk oykh lrk ksIamdok l%shd
• jdhqf.da,fha ´fidaka ia:rhg ydks fok ksIamdok lghq;=
• mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßos oelaúh yels nj'
• frda. j<lajk tkak;a
• wOHdmksl rEmjdysks jevigyka
• mßfNdackfha iDK ndysr;dj,g ksoiqka my; mßos oelaúh yels nj'
• wmøjH tla/iaùu
• fudag¾r: j,ska ÿï msgùu
• iDK ndysr;d ksid ndysr msßjeh;a Ok ndysr;d ksid ndysr m%;s,dN;a yg.kakd
nj'
• ndysr msßjeh yd ndysr m%;s,dN mokï lrf.k iudc mssßjeh yd iudc m%;s,dN
yg.kakd nj'
fm!oa.,sl msßjeh + ndysr msßjeh } iudc msßjeh
fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN + ndysr m%;s,dN } iudc m%;s,dN
• fjf<ofmd< l%ufha § ie<ls,a,g .efkkafka fm!oa.,sl msßjeh yd fm!oa.,sl
m%;s,dN muKla nj'
• ndysr;d ie<ls,a,g fkd.kakd ksid fjf<ofmd< l%ufha ksIamdok yd mßfNdack
;SrK m%Yia; fkdjk nj'
• fuh my; i|yka m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka meyeos,s l< yels nj'
- 39 -
fuu m%ia;dr igyfka
MSC = wdka;sl iudc msßjeh
MSB = wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN
MPB = wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN f,i oelafjk nj'
• by; m%ia;dr igykg wkqj fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; iu;+,s;h jkafka wdka;sl
iudc msßjeh (MSC) wdka;sl fm!oa.,sl m%;s,dN (MPB) j,g iudk jk A
,lAIh jk w;r Q0iu;+,s; ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'
• iudc oDIAáfldKfhkaa m%Yia; iu;+,s;h jkafka wdka;sl iudc msßjeh (MSC)
wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk B ,lAIh jk w;r Q1iu;+,s;
ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'
• mßfNdackfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;sk wjia:djl iudc oDIAáfldaKfhkaa m%Yia;
mßfNdackh fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; mßfNdackh blaujk nj'
fuu m%ia;dr igyfka
MC = wdka;sl msßjeh
MSC = wdka;sl iudc msßjeh
MSB = wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN f,i oelafjk nj
- 40 -
• by; m%ia;dr igykg wkqj fjf<|fmd< m%Yia; ksIamdokh jkafka wdka;sl
msßjeh (MC) wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk A ,lAIh jk
w;r Q0iu;+,s; ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'
• iudc oDIAáfldKfhkaa m%Yia; ksIamdokh jkafka wdka;sl iudc msßjeh(MSC)
wdka;sl iudc m%;s,dN (MSB) j,g iudk jk B ,lAIh jk w;r Q1iu;+,s;
ksujqu m%Yia; ksujqu nj'
• ta wkqj ksIamdokfha Ok ndysr;djla mj;sk wjia:djl fjf<|fmd< m%Yia;
ksIamdokhg jvd iudc oDIAáfldKh wkqj m%Yia; ksIamdokh jeä nj'
• fï wkqj fjf<|fmd< l%ufha wid¾:l;ajhg ndysr;d fya;=fõ hkak meyeos,s
jk nj'
• ndysr;d ksid we;sjk wid¾:l ùï j<lajd,Sug my; i|yka l%shdud¾. .; yels
nj'
• jkaÈ f.ùu
• wNHka;r .; lsÍu
• i,dlkh lsÍu
• n,m;% .dia;= wh lsÍu
• ov .eiSu
• kS;s mekùu
• ndysr;d j<lajd .ekSu i|yd wdh;k úiska úúO l%shd ud¾. f.k we;s nj'
ksoiqka (-
• ydks mQ¾Kh lsÍug ,dNfhka fldgila fjka lsÍu
• Yío ¥IKh j<lajd .ekSug l¾udka;Yd,d ;=< kùk WmlrK iúlr ;eîu'
• wmøjH m%;spl%SlrKh lsÍu'
- 41 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'3 ( fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rdcH ld¾hNdrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh y÷kajhs'
• tajd w¾:l;kh lrhs
• tu ld¾hhka fjf<|fmd< ld¾hlaIu;dj we;s ùug n,mdk wdldrh fmkajd
fohs'
• fjf<|fmd< w¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgq lsÍug .kq ,nk l%shd ud¾. ksoiqka
iys;j ú.%y lrhs'
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgqlsÍug .kq ,nk l%shdud¾.j,
wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh bgq lsÍug hdfï § rdcHh wid¾:lùu
úia;r lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• iïm;a ld¾hlaIuj fnod yeÍu
• wdodhu yd Okh idOdrKj fnod yeÍu
• kS;sÍ;s iïmdokh yd hymd,kh
• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhSlrKh we;s lsÍu
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh iy ;sridr ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu
• há;, myiqlï iemhSu
• fjf<|fmd< hdka;%Kh ld¾hlaIu lsÍug wjYH lrk ffk;sl moku yd
iudchSh mßirh iïmdokh lsÍu i|yd rch lghq;= lrk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl olakg ,efnk wld¾hlaIu;djka bj;a lsrSu i|yd
rchla my; mßÈ l%shd;aul jk nj'
• fmdÿ NdKav yd Y=N idOk NdKav iïmdokh
• wmq¾K ;r.h je<laùu
• mßir ÿIKh jeks ndysr;d ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu
• fmdÿ iïm;a ms<sn| ysñldß;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu
- 42 -
• idOdrK;ajh ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd rch my; oelafjk l%shdud¾. .kakd nj'
• wdodhï yd Ok m%;sjHdma;sh we;s lsÍu
• Ok iuqÉph ms<sn| iSud
• bvï m%;sixialrK
• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd WoaOukh yd fiajd úhqla;sh jeks
;;a;ajhka bj;a lsÍug rdcH uQ,H yd uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .kakd nj'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd ixj¾Okh by< kexùu i|yd rch lghq;= lrk nj'
• há;, myiqlï m%j¾Okh lsÍu ioyd my; mßÈ rch lghq;= lrk nj'
• fN!;sl há;, myiqlï iemhSu
ksoiqka (- uyd ud¾." wêfõ.S ud¾." md,ï" .=jka f;dgqm," f.dvke.s,s
• wdh;ksl há;, myiqlï iemhSu
ksoiqka (-kS;s moaO;s" Widú" kshduk wdh;k
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhlg rch ueosy;a ùfïoS rdcH wxYhg wdfõksl jQ we;eï
ÿ¾j,;d fya;=fldg wfmalaIs; m%;sM, ,nd fkd§ wd¾Ólfha wld¾hlaIu;d j¾Okh
ùu rdcH wiu;a ùu f,i y÷kajk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< wiu;aùu uev mj;ajd .ekSug rch úiska wd¾Ólh ;=< lrkq
,nk ueÈy;aùï rdcH wiu;a ùu i|yd n,mdkq ,nk nj'
- 43 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'4 ( id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;alsh
fhdod .kakd wdldrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh w¾: olajhs'
' • rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK kï lrñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úúO id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr.ekSug rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .kakd
wdldrh ksoiqka iys;j ú.%y lrhs'
• id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr .ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¿ meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr.ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¿ wju lr .ekSu fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• id¾j wd¾Ól l%shdldß;ajh ;=<ska wd¾Ólhla bgq lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk
wruqKq id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq nj'
• iEu wd¾Ólhlau fmdÿfõ bgq lr .ekSug n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk id¾j wd¾Ól
wruqKq lsysmhla mj;sk w;r tajd my; oelafjk nj'
• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh
• wd¾Ól jDoaêh fõ.j;a lr .eksu
• ñ, ia:dhs;djh
• f.jqï fYaI iu;=,s;;dj
• ;sridr ixj¾Okh
• wd¾Ólfha l%shdldß;ajh u; id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKqj, bgqùu r|d mj;sk nj'
• id¾j wd¾Ósl Ñp,Hhka ys uÜgu yd ld,h wkqj tajd fjkia jk wdldrh u;
wd¾Ólhl l%shdldß;ajh ;SrKh jk nj'
• m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka .Kkdjla wd¾Ólhla ;=< mj;sk nj'
ksoiqka (- ksIamdokh" fiajd kshqla;sh" ñ, uÜgu" mßfNdackh
• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka ys uÜgu;a" th ld,h;a iuÕ fjkia jk wdldrh;a
;SrKh jkafka wNHka;r yd ndysr idOl u; nj'
• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka hym;a whqßka fjkia fkdjk úg wd¾Ól l%shdldrs;ajh
whym;a jk nj'
- 44 -
• wd¾Ólhl iuia; l%shdldÍ;ajh ;=<ska we;s jk m%Yak id¾j wd¾Ól m%Yak jk
nj'
ksoiqka (- fiajd úhq;alsh" WoaOukh by< hdu" úksuh wkqmd;slh msßySu
• id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhka wfmalaIs; uÜgug f.k tafuka fuu m%Yakj,g úi÷ï
,nd .; yels nj'
• wd¾Ólhl id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq lrd <Õdùu i|yd wd¾Ólhla fufyhùu id¾j
wd¾Ól l<uKdlrKh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• id¾j wd¾Ól l<uKdlrKfha oS .kq ,nk l%shd ud¾. id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s
f,i y÷kajk nj'
ksoiqka (- uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh" úfoaY fjf<| m%;sm;a;sh
• rdcH wdodhu o rdcH úhou o yeisrùu u.ska id¾j wd¾Ól úp,Hhkag n,mEï
lsÍu rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh ^*sial,a m%;sm;a;sh" whjeh m%;sm;a;s& nj'
• rdcH nÿ" rdcH úhoï iy rdcH Kh rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lsÍfï m%Odk
WmlrK nj'
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s uÕska iudydr b,a ug n,mEï flfrk neúka uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh
fiau rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh o b,a¨ï l<uKdlrK m%;sm;a;shla f,i ye¢kafjk
nj'
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s WmlrK fhdod .ksñka id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq bgq lr .ekSug
hdfï § wruqKq w;r .eàula u;= jk nj'
ksoiqka (-
• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh w;a lr .ekSug m%idrKd;aul ud¾.j,ska .kq ,nk
rdcH Kh m%udKh jeä lsÍug mshjr .;af;a kï jegqma by< hdu fya;=fjka
WoaOukh we;s ùu yd ta wkqj ñ, ia:dhs;d wruqKq bgq lr .ekSu ÿIalr jSu
• nÿ iyk wdÈh ,nd §u ;=<ska wd¾Ól jDoaêh fõ.j;a lr .ekSug W;aidy
.ekSfï § tu wruqKq bgq jqj o ;sridr ixj¾Okhg whym;a n,mEï we;s jSu
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .ksñka id¾j wd¾Ól wruqKq ish,a, bgq lr .ekSu
ÿIalr jkafka tlS wruqKq w;r .eàula isÿ jk ksid nj'
• fuu .eg¿ wju jk wdldrhg rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh l%shd;aul lsÍu flfrys
wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= nj'
- 45 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'5 ( rdcH wdodhfï m%Odk uQ,dY%hla f,i nÿ l%uh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• rdcH wdodhfï m%Odk uQ,dY% kïlr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• rdcH nÿ wdodhfuys iy nÿ fkdjk wdodhfï ixhq;sh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• nÿ uQ,O¾u kï lrñka tajd meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úúO iajrEmhka hgf;a nÿ j¾.lr olajhs'
• nÿ l%uhlska wd¾Ólhg we;sjk ys;lr yd wys;lr n,mEï bÈßm;a lrhs'
• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï Wmk;s mÍlaId lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• rdcHh wdodhï ,nd .kakd m%Odk uQ,dY% folla mj;sk nj'
• nÿ wdohu
• nÿ fkdjk wdodhu
• nÿ wh lsÍfï úúO uQ,O¾u mj;sk nj'
• wjidk jYfhka nÿ nr oeÍu nÿ wdmd;h nj'
• nÿ wdmd;h u; iDcq nÿ yd jl% nÿ jYfhka kej; nÿ fldgia follg fnod
fjkal< yels nj'
• iDcq nÿj,§ noaog yiqjk mqoa.,hd fyda wdh;k úiska u nÿ f.ùu isÿjk w;r
th wdodhu" Okh fyda foafmd< u; r|d mj;sk nj'
ksoiqka (- wodhï nÿ" uqoaor nÿ
• nÿ f.jkakd u; u nÿ nr fkdmegfjk ú;eka l<yels nÿ jl% nÿ nj'
ksoiqka (-NdKav yd fiajd u; mkjk nÿ" msrsjEgQuS nÿ
• nÿ whlsÍfï wkqmd; wkqj wdldr ;=klg nÿ j¾. l< yels nj'
• iudkqmd;sl nÿ
• wkql%ñl nÿ
• m%;sl%ñl nÿ
• Y%s ,xldfõ rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh iy Wmk;ska nexl= jd¾;dj weiqßka mÍlaId
l< yels nj'(rdcH wdodhfï ixhq;sh iy Wmk;ska ms<sno ld,Sk f;dr;+re nexl= jd¾;djweiqßka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk)
- 46 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'6 ( rdcH úhoï ixhq;sh wOHhkfhka uE; ld,Sk fjkialï
wkdjrKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• rdcH úhoï w¾: olajhs'
• wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcHh úhoï j¾.lr tajd ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
• ld¾h noaO j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï j¾.lr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Wmk;Ska bÈßm;a lrhs'
• úhoïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• rdcH lghq;= lrf.k hdug rch lrk úhoï rdcH úhoï nj'
• m%Odk l%u follg rdcH úhoï j¾. l< yels nj'
• wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï my; f,iska jk nj'
^fuu j¾.SlrKfha ta ta fldgiaj,g wod< úhoï i|yd ksoiqka uy nexl=
jd¾;dj weiqfrka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk'&
• j¾;k úhoï mßfNdack úhoï iy mqkrdj¾;k úhoï f,i o" m%d.aOk úhoï
wdfhdack úhoï f,io ye¢kaúh yels nj'
• rdcH fiajd wLKavj mj;ajd f.k hdu i|yd lrk úhoï j¾;k úhoï nj'
wd¾Ól j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rdcH úhoï
j¾;k úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï
NdKav yd
fiajdfmd,S f.ùï j¾;k mejreï
yd iykdOdr uQ¾; j;alïw;am;a lr.ekSu
m%d.aOk mejreï
W!k úhoïi|yd fjkalsÍï
'
- 47 -
ksoiqka (- fiajl jegqma" ld¾hd, ,sms øjH f.dvke.s,s l=,S" m%jdyk úhoï"
úÿ,s .dia;= iy úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd
• m%d.aOk NdKav ìys lsÍu i|yd rch lrk úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï nj'
ksoiqka (- ld¾hd,Sh .Dy NdKav" ld¾hd,Sh .Dy WmlrK" f.dvkeÕs,s" r: jdyk
iy uyd ud¾. bÈ lsÍï
• uQ¾; j;alï w;am;a lr .ekSfï m%d.aOk úhoïj,g foam, f.dvkeÕs,s hkdÈh
ñ,g .ekSu wh;a jk nj'
• m%d.aOk mejreïj,g rdcH ixia:d" rdcH wdh;k yd rdcH Wm wdh;k hkdÈhg
lrk mejreï wh;a jk nj'
• ld¾hh noaO j¾.SlrKhg wkqj rcfha úhoï .e,Sï igyklska my; f,i
oelaúh yels nj'
^fuu j¾.SlrKfha ta ta fldgiaj,g wod< úhoï i|yd ksoiqka uy nexl= jd¾;dj
weiqfrka isiqka iu. idlÉPd lrkAk'&
• uE; j¾Ij, Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿ rdcH úhoï m%udK;aul jYfhka l%ufhka by<
hdfï m%jK;djhla olakg we;s nj'
• wkd.; m%;s,dN rdYshla cks; lsÍug fya;= jk rcfha m%d.aOk úhoï Y=oaO Kh §ï
hkdÈh rdcH wfhdack nj'
• rdcH wdfhdack i|yd rch ueÈy;a jkafka m%Odk jYfhka my; fya;= ksid nj'
• fm!oa.,sl wxYh bÈßm;a fkdjk m%d.aOk NdKav ksmoùu wjYH jk ksid ta
;=<ska wd¾Ól j¾Okh rel=,la ùu
• fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack i|yd ys;lr mßirhla f.dvke.Su i|yd wjYH
myiqlï yd fiajd ie,iSug
• uE;la jk ;=re rcfha m%d.aOk úhoï yd Y=oaO Kh §ï my; fya;= ksid iSud ù we;s
ld¾hhka wkqj úhoï j¾.SlrKh
j¾;k úhoï m%d.aOk úhoï yd Kh §u
iudc fiajd wd¾Ól fiajd
fjk;a idudkH fmdÿ fiajd
iudc fiajd
wd¾Ól fiajd
idudkH fmdÿ fiajd fjk;a
- 48 -
nj'
• by< ke.=Kq wdrlaIK úhoï
• by< ke.=Kq Kh fiajd f.ùï ^úfYaIfhka fmd,S f.ùï&
• j¾;k mejreï by< hdu
• uE; j¾Ij, rcfha m%d.aOk úhoïj, m%udK;aul w.h jeä ùug my; fya;=
n,md we;s nj'
• uyd mßudK há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh jHdmD;sj,g ksoiqka my; i|yka jk
nj'
• rkafodr
• .u ke.=u
• ol=Kq m<d;a .%dóh wNsj¾ok jHdmD;sh
• l=vd jdßud¾. jHdmD;s
• mqkre;a:dmk yd m<d;a md,k jHdmD;s
- 49 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'7 ( rdcH whjeh m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úYaf,aIKd;aulj
fidhd n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• rdcH whjeh f,aLkh w¾: olajd tys wdlD;sh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• ysÕ" w;sßla; iy ;=,s; f,i whjeh j¾. lrhs'
• whjeh m%;sm;a;s meyeÈ,s lrñka m%idrK;aul yd ixfldapkd;aul whjeh
m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úuid n,hs'
• wdodhug wkqj úhou ilialr .ekSfï jeo.;a lu ms<sn|j woyia olajhs'
• wd¾Ólhla i|yd jvd;a fhda.H whjeh m%;sm;a;s fhdackd lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• my; i|yka mqj;am;a isria;,h mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'
"rcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jgrcfha whjeh fyg md¾,sfïka;=jg"
• tu isria;,h ms<sn| isiqkaf.a woyia úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• whjeh u.ska bÈß j¾Ih i|yd rcfha wfmalaIs; wdodhï yd úhoï ms<sn|
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a jk nj'
• úúO l%u uÕska ,efnk wdodhï u.ska rcfha úhoï mshjd .kakd nj'
• úhoï mshjd .ekSug wdodhu m%udKj;a fkdjqfyd;a ta i|yd rchg úúO
l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍug isÿjk nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd § l%shdldrlfuys
fhdojkak'
- 50 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka jkaka rgj,a ;=kl bÈß j¾Ihg wfmalaIsl rcfha wdodhï yd úhoï
ms<sn| f;dr;=re h' thska Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s f;dr;=re flfrys wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
"ta" rg
wdodhï re'o',
wdohï nÿ 20
NdKav yd fiajd nÿ 70
wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|du u; nÿ 10
nÿ fkdjk wdodhï 50
úhoï
jegqma yd fõ;k 70
fmd,S f.ùï 10
iykdOdr yd ixl%du 18
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd 12
m%d.aOk úhoï 35
fjk;a úhoï 05
"î" rg
wdodhï re'o',
wdodhï nÿ 30
NdKav yd fiajd nÿ 70
wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|du u; nÿ 100
nÿ fkdjk wdodhï 100
úhoï
jegqma yd fõ;k 100
fmd,S f.ùï 50
iykdOdr yd ixl%du 80
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd 70
m%d.aOk úhoï 100
fjk;a úhoï 20
- 51 -
"iS" rg
wdodhï re'o',
wdodhï nÿ 80
NdKav yd fiajd nÿ 85
wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|du u; nÿ 135
nÿ fkdjk wdodhï 100
úhoï
jegqma yd fõ;k 100
fmd,S f.ùï 30
iykdOdr yd ixl%du 70
wfkl=;a NdKav yd fiajd 50
m%d.aOk úhoï 70
fjk;a úhoï 60
• Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s rgg wod< j imhd we;s wdodhï iy úhoï fyd|ska
wOHhkh lrkak'
• Tn okakd wdlD;shla fhdodf.k wdodhï iy úhoï .,mñka thska ,efnk
wjidk m%;sM,h ,nd.kak'
• by; wdodhï iy úhoï .e<mSug wkqj bÈß j¾Ihg rg ;=< mj;sk ;;a;ajh
fln÷úh yels ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• tu ;;a;ajhg uqyqK§ug wod< rfÜ rchg Tn fhdackd lrk ls%hdud¾. fmkajkak'
• tu ls%hdud¾. rfÜ wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wdldrh lKavdhï idlÉPdjla u.ska u;=
lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
- 52 -
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• bÈß j¾Ih ;=< rcfha lghq;= i|yd ±Íug wfmalaIs; úhou;a tlS úhou mshjd
.ekSu i|yd uqo,a imhd .kakd ud¾.;a jHjia:dodhlh fj; bÈßm;a lr iïu;
lr.kakd jd¾;dj rdcH whjeh f,aLkh nj
• fm!oa.,sl whjeh f,aLkh iy rdcH whjeh f,aLkh w;r fjkila mj;sk nj
• rdcH wdodhï yd rdcH úhoï .e<mSfuka iuia; whjeh fYaIh ,nd .kakd nj
• iuia; whjeh fYaIfha iajNdjh u; ysÕ whjeh" w;sßla; whjeh yd ;=<s;
whjeh f,iska j¾.SlrKh l< yels nj
• whjeh ysÕhla mej;=kfyd;a th uQ,HKh lsÍug isÿjk nj
^uynexl= jd¾;dj weiqfrka whjeh f,aLkh ielfik wdldrh isiqkag bÈßm;a
lrkak'&
• uQ,HKh i|yd m%idrKd;aul yd ixfldapkd;aul whjeh" m%;sm;a;s fhdod .kakd
nj
• whjeh f,aLkfha ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd ,nd .kakd Kh rfÜ uqo,a iemhqu
by< kexùug fya;= fõ kï tlS Kh m%idrKd;aul Kh f,i ye¢kafjk nj
• Kh ud¾.j,ska uqo,a iemhqug n,mEula we;s fkdfõ kï tlS Kh ixfldapkd;aul
Kh f,iska o y÷kajk nj
• m%idrKd;aul Kh i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafjk nj
• rch uy nexl=fjka Kh ,nd .ekSu
• jdKsc nexl=j,ska Kh ,nd .ekSu
• úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu
• ixfldapkd;aul Kh i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla my; ±lafjk nj
• nexl= fkdjk wdh;kj,ska Kh ,nd .ekSu
• uyck;djf.ka rch Kh uqo,a ,nd .ekSu
• ixfldapkd;aul whjeh m%;sm;a;s fyda m%idrKd;aul whjeh m%;sm;a;s wkq.ukh
lsÍï wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fyda wys;lr o hkak ;SrKh jkafka wod< rfÜ mj;sk
id¾j wd¾Ól jgmsgdj wkqj nj'
- 53 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'8 ( Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh yd tys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úu¾Ykh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh ;;a;ajh ixLHd;aul f;dr;=re wiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕhg fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕfhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'
• whjeh ysÕh mshùfï uQ,dY% úuid n,hs'
• whjeh ysÕh mshjd .ekSug jvd;a fhda.H m%;sm;a;s ms<sn| woyia yd fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
(Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH whjeh ;;a;ajh ms<sn| ld,Sk f;dr;=re flfrys isiqkaf.a
wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak')
• uE; j¾Ij, Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕhg úúO fya;= idOl n,mE nj'
ksoiqka (((((
• úúO nÿ iyk ,nd §u fya;=fjka nÿ wdodhu wvq ùu
• Kh wdmiq f.ùfï úhoï by< hdu
• fmd,S f.ùu by< hdu
• rcfha ixl%du úhou by< hdu
• rdcH fiajd úhou by< hdu
• Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh lsÍu i|yd úúO l%shdud¾. wkq.ukh
fldg we;s nj'
ksoiqka (((((
• úfoaYSh uQ,HKh
• úfoaYSh Kh
• úfoaYSh m%odk
• foaYSh uQ,HKh
• fjf<|fm< Kh .ekSu
• nexl= fkdjk Kh
• nexl= ^uQ,H wêldßh" jdksc nexl=&
• wfkl=;a Kh .ekSï
- 54 -
(Y%S ,xldfõ whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh lsÍu i|yd f.kwe;s úúO l%shdud¾. ms<sno
ld,Sk f;dr;=re flfrys isiqkaf.a wjOdkh fhduq lrjkak')
• whjeh ys.hla È.ska È.gu mej;Sfuka wd¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdl we;s jk nj'
ksoiqka (((((
• rdcH Kh by< hdu
• WoaOukh by< hdu
• fm!oa.,sl wxYfha wdfhdack wvq ùu
• fmd,S wkqmd;slh by< hdu
• wka;¾cd;sl úYajdiH;dj wvq ùu
• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh msßySu
• foaYSh b;=reï wvq ùu
• whjeh ysÕh wvq lr .ekSfuka wd¾Ólhg fkdfhl=;a jdis w;a jk nj'
• j¾;k .sKqfï ysÕhla mej;Sfukaa w¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdl;a j¾;k .sKqfï
w;sßla;hla mej;Sfuka ys;lr m%;súmdl;a we;s jk nj'
• j¾;k .sKqfï w;sßla;hla mej;Sfuka we;sjk ys;lr m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka
my; oelafjk nj'
• rdcH Kh nr wvq lr .; yels ùu
• WoaOukd;aul m%;súmdl wvq ùu
• rdcH wdfhdack jev l< yels ùu
• fmd,S wkqmd;slh my< uÜgul mj;ajd .; yels ùu
• fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack jeä lr .; yels ùu
• ck;dj fj; mejfrk nÿ nr wvq lr .; yels ùu
• id¾j wd¾Ól ia:dhslrKhg uÕ mE§u
• wd¾Ólfha wjOukd;aul ;;a;ajhla mj;sk wjia:djl § whjeh ysÕh uQ,HlrKh
lsÍu i|yd m%idrKd;aul fkdjk ud¾. wkq.ukh lsÍu jvd;a fhda.H nj'
- 55 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'9 ( Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kh ixhq;sh yd tys m%jK;d úu¾Ykh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06
bf.kqï M, (
• rdcH Kh w¾: olajñka rdcH Kh uQ,dY% .e,Sï igyka u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs'
• rdcH Kh nfrys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'
• rdcH Kh fiajd lrk f.ùï úia;r lrhs '
• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kfhys uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska mÍlaId lr n,hs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• fmd<sh o iu. wdmiq f.ùfï fmdfrdkaÿj u; rch ,nd .kakd uqo,a rdcH Kh
jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'
• foaYSh fukau úfoaYSh uQ,dY% j,ska rch Kh ,nd .kakd nj'
• th uQ,dY% .e,Sï igyklska my; oelafjk wdldrhg bÈßm;a l< yels nj'
rdcH Kh
foaYSh Kh úfoaYSh Kh
fjf<|fmd< fjf<|fmd<
fkdjk
jHdmD;s jHdmD;sfkdjk
nexl= nexl= fkdjk
uy nexl= jdKsc nexl= fiajl w¾:idOl wruqo,
b;sß lsÍfï
wdh;k
rlaIK wdh;k
• uqo,a fjf<|fmdf<ka o m%d.aOk fjf<|fmdf<ka o rch ,nd .kakd Kh"
fj<|fmd< Kh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
- 56 -
• rdcH Kh by< hdu ksid fkdfhl=;a wd¾Ól m%;súmdlj,g uqyqK §ug
isÿjk nj'
ksoiqka (((((
• rdcH wdodhfuka úYd, fldgila Kh;a Kh fmd,sh;a f.ùug fhduq ùu'
• fjk;a wjYH;d yd ixj¾Ok wruqKq úhoïj,g b;d iq¿ uqo,a m%udKhla
b;sß ùu'
• foaYSh fj<|mf,a fmd,S wkqmd;sl by< hdu'
• foaYSh uqo,a tallfha ndysr w.h msßySu'
• fm!oa.,sl wxYh i|yd mj;sk iïm;a m%udKh wvq ùu ksid fm!oa.,sl
wdfhdack wvq ù wd¾Ól j¾Okhg wys;lr n,mEï we;s ùu
• rdcH uQ,H l<uKdlrKh yd rdcH Kh l<uKdlrKh jvd;a ÿIalr ùu
• nexl= l%ufhka Kh .ekSug isÿ ùfuka WoaOukh we;s ùu
• iuia; úhou jeäùfuka f.jqï fYaI m%Yak u;= ùu
• wka;¾cd;sl Kh w¾nqohlg uqyqK §ug is¥ùu
• foaYSh b;=reï wkqmd;slh my; jeàu
• foaYSh WoaOukh fya;=fjka uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;slh my< hk úg wka;¾
cd;sl ;r.ldß;ajhg ydks meñKsu
• rch ,nd f.k we;s uq¿ Kh fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= Kh jdßl Bg wod< fmd,sh;a
iu. wdmiq f.ùu Kh fiajdlrK f.ùï hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'
• rch ,nd f.k we;s uq¿ Kh fjkqfjka f.úh hq;= Kh jdßl iy ta i|yd f.úh
hq;= fmd,sh hk lreKq fol foaYSh ksIamdÈlfha m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu Kh
fiajd wkqmd;slh f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• Kh jdßl yd Kh fmd,sh hk fol wmkhk wdodhu" rdcH wdodhu yd rdcH
úhou hkdÈfha wkqmd; f,i o m%ldY lrñka úúO wdldrfha Kh fiajd wkqmd;sl
.Kkh l< yels nj'
• Kh fiajd o¾Yl f,iska oelafjkafka o úúOdldrfhka .Kkh flfrk Kh
fiajd wkqmd;slhka nj'
rdcH Kh fiajd wkqmd;slh }Kh jdßl Kh fmd,S
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h
- 57 -
• Y%S ,xldfõ rdcH Kfhys uE;ld,Sk Wmk;Ska j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fhys m%;sY;hla f,i fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kh m%udKh wLKav
f,i my< hdu
• iuia; rcfha Kh j,ska jeä m%udKhla foaYSh Kh ùu
• mßK; ld,h wkqj ueÈ yd È.=l,sk Kh fláld,Sk Kh j,g jvd jeä
w.hla ùu
• wdh;k wkqj .;a úg nexl= flaI;%hg jvd nexl= fkdjk flaI;%fhka ,nd
.;a Kh m%udKh jeä w.hla ùu
• foaYSh fkdmsh jQ rdcH Kfhys m%Odk;u WmlrKh NdKavd.dr ne÷ï lr ùu
• úfoaYSh Kh ;=< iykodhs Kh jeä jeo.;alula .ekSu
• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha m%;sY;hla f,i rdcH Kh fiajdlrK f.ùïj, wvqùula
olakg ,enSu
• rdcH Kh ukd l<uKlrKhlska hq;=j fhdod .ekSu jeo.;a jk nj'
- 58 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'10 ( rdcH iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl
úYaf,aIKd;aulj fidhd n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05
bf.kqï M, (
• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• úúO iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;suh l%shdud¾. meyeÈ,s lrñka tajdg ksoiqka bÈßm;a
lrhs'
• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• ksIamdokh Èß .ekaùu i|yd myiqlï iemhSu iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh f,i
ye¢kafjk nj'
• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul lrk úg wdfhdack jeäùu iy ksIamdok
mssßjeh wvq ù ksIamdok idOlj, M,odhs;djho jeä jk nj'
• fï f,iska m%Odk id¾j wd¾Ól úp,H wfmalaIs; uÜgu lrd f.k taug
iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;sh u.ska lghq;= flfrk nj'
• ksIamdokh Èß .ekaùu i|yd úúO iemhqï m%j¾Okh m%;sm;a;suh l%shdud¾.
fhdod .; yels nj iy tu l%shd ud¾. my; wdldrfha tajd jk nj'
• nÿ m%;sixialrKh
• fm!oa.,SlrKh
• kshdukyrKh
• Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh
• m%d.aOk fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh
• ksIamdokh by< kexfjk wdldrhg nÿ l%ufhys fjkialï we;slsrSu nÿ
m%;sixialrK hkafkka woyia jk nj'
• fjf<|fmd< ;r.ldß l%shdldß;ajhg nÿ wh lsÍu u.ska hï hï n,mEï isÿ jk nj'
• tkï nÿ fya;=fjka ksIamdokfha;a" mßfNdackfha;a" wdfhdackfha;a" b;sß lsÍïj,;a
m%Yia; uÜgï .s,syS hk nj'
• fï ksid fjf<|fmd< ;r.ldß l%shdldß;ajhg nÿ wh lsÍu u.ska isÿ jk
n,mEu wju jk wdldrfhka nÿ wh lsÍfï § idkqn, iemhSu l< hq;= nj'
ksoiqka (- nÿ iud ,nd §u" nÿ lmd yeÍu iy nÿ wvq lsÍu wd§
- 59 -
• fujeks idkqn,hka ,nd §u u.ska ksIamdok msßjeh wvqùfuka ksIamdokh by<
hk nj'
• nÿ u.ska idkqn, iemhSu wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fukau wys;lr f,i n,mE yels nj'
ksoiqka (-
• nÿ wvq lsÍu ksid rcfha wdodhu wvq ùu" wdodhï jHmD;s úIu;djh jeäùu
iy mdßfNda.slhska wkjYH NdKav mßfNdackhg keUqre ùu wdosh nÿ
m%;sixialrKhl wys;lr wd¾Ól m%;súmdl f,i oelaúh yels nj'
• ksIamdok jeä ùu iy mßfNdackfha" wdfhdackfha iy b;sß lsÍïj,ska m%Yia;
uÜgï nÿ u.ska idkqn, iemhSu ksid fndfyda ÿrg wdrlaId ùu nÿ
m%;sixialrK u.ska isÿ jk hym;a m%;súmdl jk nj'
• fï iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;shla jYfhka nÿ m%;sixialrK fhdod .ekSfï §
tu.ska wd¾Ólhg we;s jk wys;lr m%;súmdl yels ;rï ÿrg wju jk wdldrhg
th isÿ lsÍu jvd jeo.;a jk nj'
• rcfha ysñldß;ajh hgf;a meje;s jHdmdr ld¾h i|yd fm!oa.,sl wxYh iïnkaO
lr .ekSu fm!oa.,SlrKh hkafkka woyia jk nj'
• my; mrsos wdldr lsysmhlska fm!oa.,SlrKh isÿ úh yels nj'
• rdcH jHjidhj, iïmQ¾K whs;sh fyda whs;sfhka fldgila fm!oa.,sl wxYhg
úlsKsu fyda mejÍu
• rdcH jHjidhj, l<uKdlrKh fm!oa.,sl wxYhg mejÍu
• rdcH wxYhg wh;a we;eï fiajd fm!oa.,sl wxYfhka ,nd .ekSu
• fm!oa.,SlrKh ksid wd¾Ólhg ys;lr fukau wys;lr wdldrfha m%;súmdl w;a
úh yels nj'
• ys;lr m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka my; mrsos oelaúh yels nj'
• jvd;a M,odhs f,i ksIamdok iïm;a ksIamdok lghq;=j,g fhduqùfuka
ksIamdokh ld¾hlaIu ùu
• rdcH taldêldrh wfydais ù ;r.ldß fjf<|fmd<la ìys ùu
• rdcH whjehg nrla fkdùu
• jHdmdrj,g flfrk foaYmd,k n,mEï bj;a ùu
• m%d.aOk ysÕhg ms<shï ,eîu
• ksIamdÈ;j, .+Kd;aul;djh by<hdu
- 60 -
• ksIamdok msßjeh wvqùu
• kdia;sh" ¥IKh yd jxpd je<lS hdu
• mdßfNda.sl wjYH;dj,g blauKska m%;spdr ,eîu
• wd¾Ólhl ;r.ldß;ajh wvq ùug n,mdk kS;sfhka mkjk ,o yd iudÔh f,i
we;s j ;sfnk fr.=,dis yd ndOd bj;a lsÍu kshdukyrKh ^fr.=,disyrKh&
f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
ksoiqka (-
• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu iïnkaOj mj;sk oeä kS;s Í;s ,sys,a lsÍu
^jHdmdrhla ia:dk.; lsÍu wdrïNl m%d.aOkh wjir ,nd .ekSug wd§h
iïnkaOfhka&
• ksoyia fjf<|ug ndOd jk wdldrfha rcfha oeä wëlaIKh wvq lsÍu
• idudÔh idOlj, n,mEu ksid NdKavj, .kqfokq msßjeh jeä ùu ^ud¿
wf,ú lsÍfï § ksIamdolhd ;SrKh lrkq ñ,g jvd jeä ñ,lg tajd wf,ú
lsÍug we;eï mqoa.,hska ksfhda. lsÍu yd tu jeä lrk ,o ñ, ksIamdolhdg
fkd§ Tjqka úiska ,nd .ekSu& j<lajd,Sug lghq;= lsÍu
• kshdukyrKh ;=<ska fjf<|m< ;r.ldÍ;ajhg we;sjk ndOd bj;a ùu
ksIamdolhskag Yla;shla jk w;r ta ksid ksIamdok msßjeh wvq ù ksIamdok idOl
M,odhs;ajh jeä ùu ;=<ska ksIamdokh by< kexúug rel=,la jk nj'
• kshdukyrKh ksIamdok msßjeh wvq ù" wfhdackh jeä ù" ksIamdokh by< kexùug
ys;lr f,i n,mE yels jqqj;a uq¿ukska u kshdukyrKh lsÍu wd¾Ólhg wys;lr
f,i n,mEï we;s l< yels nj'
ksoiqka (-
• mdßfNdackhg wys;lr NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|fm< ;=<g we;=<;a ùu
• .=Kd;ajfhka wvq NdKav ksmoúh yels ùu' úfoaY fjf<|u iïnkaOfhka
.;a úg wdkhksl NdKav wd¾Ólhg wkjYH fyda wys;lr tajd úh yelsùu
• wd¾Ólhg we;s úh yels wys;lr m%;súmdl wju jk wdldrhg lsishï iSudjlg
hg;a j kshdukyrKfhys fhÈh hq;= nj'
• Y%u fjf<|fm< mj;sk oDv;djh;a bj;a jk wdldrfhka Y%u b,a¨u yd Y%u
iemhqï iïnkaOfhka fjkialï we;s lsÍu Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrK f,iska
oelaúh yels nj'
• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a ;r.ldß;ajhg ndOd t,a, fkdjk wdldrhg lghq;= lsÍu
hkafkka woyia jkafka o Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh nj'
ksoiqka (
• mSvdldÍ lïlre kS;s bj;a lsÍu
- 61 -
• fiajlhska n|jd .ekSfï § we;eï jD;a;Ska iïnkaOfhka yelshdjla fkdue;s
wh tu jD;a;Skag n|jd fkd.ekSug lghq;= lsÍu
• ta ta jD;a;Skag wod< mqyqKqùï wdÈh ms<sn| Y%ñlhska oekqj;a lsÍu
• b,a¨u yd iemhqu iïnkaOfhka lrk m%;sixialrKhka ksid ;r.ldß Y%u
fjf<|fmd<la ks¾udKh jk nj'
• ta ksid wd¾Ólfha ksIamdokh by< kxjd .; yels nj'
• tfy;a fujeks m%;sixialrKhka lsÍfï § o th lsishï iSudjlg hg;aj isÿ l<
hq;= nj ta ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq fkdl<fyd;a wd¾Ólhg wys;lr m%;súmdlhka
o we;s úh yels nj'
ksoiqka (
• fm!oa.,sl jHdmdrj, fiajd kshqla; lsÍfï ksoyi tu jHdmdrj,gu ,nd
ÿkfyd;a jev wvq ld,j, Y%ñlhska fiajfhka bj;a lsÍfuka Y%ñlhskag
lsishï widOdrKhla isÿ ùu
• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;s l%shdud¾.hla f,i Y%u fjf<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh o
fhdod .; hq;af;a wys;lr m%;súmdl wju jk wdldrhg nj'
• ksIamdokh by< kxjd .ekSu i|yd ndOdjlaj mj;sk m%d.aOk ysÕh úi|d .;
yels wdldrhg lghq;= lsÍu m%d.aOk fj<|fmd< m%;sixialrKh f,i ie,lsh
yels nj'
ksoiqka (-
• m%d.aOkfha M,odhs;djh kexùu
• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack Èßu;a lsÍu
• iykodhs fldkafoais u; úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu
• b;sß lsÍï jeä lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu
• fujeks m%;sixialrKhka ksid wdfhdackh jeä ù ksIamdokh by< hdu ys;lr
;;a;ajhla jk nj'
• wys;lr ;;a;ajhka o fï ;=<ska we;s úh yels nj'
ksoiqka (-
• úfoaY wdfhdack jeä lsÍu ;=<ska ,dN iy ,dNxY úfoaY rgj,g we§ hdu
úfoaY Kh ,nd .ekSu ksid Kh jdßl yd fmd,S fjkqfjka úYd, m%udKhl
jeh lsÍug isÿ ùu
• rch j¾;k úhoï wvq lf<d;a th j¾;udk iudc Y=N idOkhg wys;lr úh
yels ùu
• iemhqï m%j¾Ok m%;sm;a;shla f,i m%d.aOk m%;sixialrK fhdod .ekSfï § o
tys wys;lr n,mEï bj;a jk wdldrhg th l< hq;= nj'
- 62 -
ksmqK;dj 10 ( úfoaY fjf<|du yd uQ,H" rgl iuia; wd¾Ólhg we;s lrk
n,mEu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 ( wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du w¾: olajhs'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ ksrfmalaI yd idfmalaI jdis kHdhka w¾:
olajhs'
• fok,o ixLHd o;a; Ndú;fhka hï NdKavhlg wod< j ksrfmalaI jdish yd
idfmalaI jdish we;s rg f;darhs'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug iïnkaOùu ;=<ska rgj,g w;ajk jdis ,ehsia;=.;
lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• cmdkh YS% ,xldfjka weÕ¨ï ñ, § .ekSug iy YS% ,xldj cmdkfhka fudag¾ r:
ñ, § .ekSug fya;= isiqkaf.kA úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• cmdkh fudag¾ r: ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka YS% ,xldj jvd jeä ld¾hlaIu;djla
Wiq,k w;r weÕ¨ï ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka wvq ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k
nj'
• YS% ,xldj weÕ¨ï ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka jeä ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k w;r
fudag¾ r: ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka wvq ld¾hlaIu;djla Wiq,k nj'
• fuu ksid YS% ,xldj weÕ¨ï jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh lr cmdkhg wf,úlr
cmdkfhka fudag¾ r: ñ, § .kakd nj'
• cmdkh fudag¾ r: jeä jYfhka ksIamdokh lr YS% ,xldjg wf,ú fldg YS%
,xldfjka weÕ¨ï ñ, § .kakd nj'
• fï wdldrhg rg rgj,a w;r wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du isÿjk nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqï i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §
ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
- 63 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka rgj,a y;rl ksIamdok f;dr;=re we;=<;a j.= folla w;ßka Tng
,eî we;s j.=j flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• j.=j 1
^rgj,a foflys u iudk Y%u msßjehla mj;sk nj Wml,amkh flf¾'&
• j.=j 2
ksIamdokh
weÕ¨ï
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
;sßÕ= msá
^lsf,da .arEï$ ñksia mehlg&
YS% ,xldj
12
08
weußldj
02
10
ksIamdokh
fudag¾ r:
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
mdjyka
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
cmdkh
06
04
YS% ,xldj
01
02
^rgj,a foflys u iudk Y%u msßjehla mj;sk nj Wml,amkh flf¾'&
• Tng ,eî we;s j.=fjys ioyka rgj,a fofla NdKav j¾. foflys ksIamdokhg
wod< f;dr;=re ie,ls,af,ka hq;= j wOHhkh lrkak'
• tu f;dr;=re weiqßka rgj,a folg wod< j jeä ld¾hlaIu;djlska yd wvq
ld¾hlaIu;djlska ksmoúh yels NdKav j¾.h y÷kd.kak'
• by; NdKav foflys ld¾hlaIu;dj mokï lrf.k wfkla rgla iuÕ wka;¾cd;sl
fjf<|dfuys fh§ug wfmalaId lrkafka kï" l=uk NdKavh jeäfhka ksmojd
wmkhkh lrkafka o@ l=uk NdKavh wdkhkh lrkafka o@ hkak meyeos,s lrkak'
• rgj,a foflys tla tla NdKav ksIamdokh i|yd jehjk wdjiaÓl msßjeh .Kkh
lrkak'
• Tn .Kkh lrk ,o wdjiaÓl msßjeh weiqßka rgj,a folg l=uk NdKavh
jeämqr ksIamdokh lsÍu jdisodhl jkafka o@ l=uk NdKavh wdkhkh lsÍu jdis
odhl jkafka o@ hkak meyeos,s lrkak'
• fuf,i rgj,a fol w;r wmkhk iy wdkhk fjf<|dula isÿjQfjd;a rgj,a
w;alr .kakd jdis ,ehsia;= .; lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
- 64 -
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha ;j;a rgj,a iu. NdKav yd fiajd yqjudre lr
.ekSu wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du fyj;a úfoaY fjf<|du f,i yeoskafjk nj'
• rgj,a úfoaY fjf<|dug iïnkaO ùug úúO fya;= idOl n,mdk nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du ms<sn| j bÈßm;a ù we;s úúO kHdhka ;=<ska tu fya;=
idOl ms<sn| j ú.%y lrk nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du ms<sn| j ú.%y flfrk kHdhkaj,g ksoiqka f,i ksrfmalaI
jdis kHdh iy idfmalaI jdis kHdh oelaúh yels nj'
• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdh ksIamdokfha ld¾hlaIu;djh u; mokï jk nj'
• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdh f,djg y÷kajd ÿka wd¾Ól úoHd{ —wevï iañ;a˜g ^1776&
wkqj th my; mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;s nj '
—hï rgl ish fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehla hgf;a hï
NdKavhla ksmoúh yels kï tu NdKavh ksmojd ks¾hd; lsÍfuka yd tfia
fkdjk NdKav wdhd; lsÍfuka jdis ,nd .; yels h'˜
• ksrfmaalaI jdis kHdh my; ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'
• by; ksoiqkg wkqj weußldjg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehlska weÕ¨ï ksIamdok
lsÍug YS% ,xldjg yelsjk ksid weÕ¨ï ksIamdok iïnkaO j ksrfmalaI jdish
YS% ,xldjg w;ajk w;r ksrfmalaI wjdish weußldjg we;s nj'
• YS% ,xldjg jvd wvq iïm;a msßjehlska ;sßÕ= msá ksIamdokh lsÍug weußldjg
yelsjk ksid ;sßÕ= msá ksIamdokh iïnkaO j ksrfmalaI jdish weußldjg
w;ajk w;r YS% ,xldjg ksrfmalaI wjdish w;ajk nj'
• fuu ksid YS% ,xldjg ksrfmalaI jdish we;s weÕ¨ï jeä jYfhka ksmojd w;sßla;h
weußldjg wf,ú lr ksrfmalaI wjdish we;s ;sßÕ= msá weußldfjka ñ, §
.ekSfuka jdis ,nd.; yels nj'
• weußldjg ksrfmalaI jdish we;s ;sßÕ= msá jeä jYfhka ksmojd w;sßla;h
,xldjg wf,úlr ksrfmalaI wjdish we;s weÕ¨ï ,xldfjka ñ, § .; yels nj'
ksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokh
weÕ¨ï
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
;sßÕ= msá
^lsf,da$ ñksia mehlg&
YS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldjYS% ,xldj
12
08
weußldjweußldjweußldjweußldjweußldj
02
10
- 65 -
• fï wdldrhg ksrfmalaI jdish mokï j ,xldj yd weußldj w;r wka;¾cd;sl
fjf<|dula isÿúh yels nj'
• ksrfmalaI jdis kHdfha mj;sk ÿ¾j,;d fmkajd foñka wd¾Ól úoHd{ —fâúâ
ßldfvda˜ ^1817& § idfmalaI jdis kHdh f,djg y÷kajd ÿka nj'
• th my; mßÈ ks¾jpkh lr we;s nj'
—hï rgla ish fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg jvd jeä iïm;a msßjehla ord hï
NdKavhla ksmojkafka ù kuq;a" fjf<| iylre ksmojkjdg wvq wdjiaÓl msßjehla
ord ksmoúh yels kï tu NdKavh ksmojd ks¾hd; lsÍfuka jdis ,nd .; yels h'˜
• by; ks¾jpkhg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a folla w;ßka tl rglg wfkla rgg
jvd wvq wdjiaÓl msßjehlska hï NdKavhla ksmoúh yels kï tu rgg wod<
NdKavh ksmoùu iïnkaO j idfmalaI jdishla mj;S hkak meyeÈ,s flfrk nj'
• idfmalaI jdis kHdh my; ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s l< yels nj'
ksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokhksIamdokh
fudag¾ r:
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
.=jka úÿ,s hka;%
^tall$ ñksia mehlg&
cmdkhcmdkhcmdkhcmdkhcmdkh
10
05
bkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdjbkaoshdj
03
02
rgrgrgrgrg
cmdkh
bkaÈhdj
fudag¾ r:^tall$ ñksia
mehlg&
10
03
.=jka úÿ,s hka;%^tall$ ñksia
mehlg&
05
02
fudag¾ r:tallhl wdjiaÓl
msßjeh
0'5
0'66
.=jka úÿ,s hka;%tallhl
wdjiaÓl msßjeh
02
1'5
- 66 -
• by; ksoiqkg wkqj cmdkh bkaÈhdjg jvd wvq wdjia:sl msrsjehla hgf;a
fudag¾ r: ksmoùu;a" bkaÈhdj cmdkhg jvd wvq wdjia:sl msrsjehla hgf;a .=jka
úÿ,s hka;% ksmoùu;a l< yels nj'
• ta wkqj cmdkhg fudag¾ r: ksmoùfï idfmalaI jdis we;s w;r .=jka úÿ,s
hka;% ksmoùfï idfmalaI jdis we;af;a bkaÈhdjg nj'
• forg fjf<|dfï fhfokúg cmdkh fudag¾ r: ksIamdokfha úfYaISlrKhg;a
bkaÈhdj .=jkaúÿ,s hka;% ksIamdokfha úfYaISlrKhg;a fhduqùu fya;=fjka ìysjk
w;sßla; ksIamdokh yqjudre lr .ekSfuka forgg u jdis w;a jk nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<odug iïnkaO ùu ksid rglg w;ajk jdis my; mßÈ m%Odk
fldgia follg fjka l< yels nj'
• úfYaISlrKfha jdis
• yqjudrefõ jdis
• rgla wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug fhduqlrk idfmaCI jdis fldgia follg fnod
±laúh yels nj'
• iaÓ;sl jdish
• .;sl jdish
• ksIamdokh yd mßfNdackh uq,a fldgf.k rglg iajNdúlj Wreuù we;s jdish
ia:s;sl jdish f,i ye¢kafjk w;r tajd yg .ekSug
• iïm;a iïNdrh
• rgj,a w;r wNsreÖkaf.a fjkialï
• ksIamdokfha mßudKdkql+, M, fya;= jk nj'
• ;dCIKsl ÈhqKqj" NdKav m%fNaokh" rdcH m%;sm;a;s yd fjf<| .súiqï wdÈ rgj,a
kss¾udKh lr .kq ,nk ;;a;ajhka ksid yg.kakd jdis" .;sl jdis f,i ye¢kafjk
nj'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dfï idfmaCI jdish ksIamdok yelshdj yd ksIamdok msßjeh
hk fohdldrfhkau ú.%y l< yels nj'
• ksIamdok yelshdj olajk ixLHd f,aLkhl ksuejqï tall ±lafjk w;r ksIamdok
msßjeh ±lafjk ixLHd f,aLkhl fhojqï tall ±lafjk nj'
• ksIamdok yelshdj iy ksIamdok msßjeh wdY%fhka wdjiaÓl msßjeh .Kkh lrk
wdldrh tlsfklg fjkia nj'
- 67 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'2 ( wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;sj,ska we;s
lrk n,mEu úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• ksoyia fjf<|du w¾: olajhs'
• wdrlaIKjd§ l%shdud¾.j, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'
• wdrlaIKjdohg mlaI j yd úmlaI j bÈßm;a ù we;s ;¾l úia;r lrhs'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lrk wdh;k y÷kajhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• rgj,a w;r NdKav" fiajd yd idOl ksoyfia ixp,khùug bvyeÍu ksoyia
fjf<|du f,i oelaúh yels nj'
• foaYSh fjf<|fmd<g úfoaYSh NdKav ksoyfia we;=¿ùu iSud lrk ´kE u ls%hd
ms<sfj;la wdrlaIKjdoh kï jk w;r wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ
fldgia ;=klg fjka l< yels nj'
• ;Srenÿ ls%hdud¾.
• ;Srenÿ fkdjk ls%hdud¾.
• fjf<| j¾K ms<sn| fmdÿ l%uh
• wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. f,i ;Srenÿ my; mßÈ Ndú; l< yels nj'
• wdkhk ;Sre nÿ mekùu
• wmkhk ;Sre nÿ mekùu
• ;Sre nÿ fkdjk wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• i,dl l%uh
• úksuh md,kh
• wdkhk ;ykï lsÍu
• wdkhk wmkhk n,m;% l%u
• fjf<| .súiqï ls%hd;aul lsÍu
• m%Njh ms<sn| kS;s Í;s
• ldg,a msysgqùu
• l,dmSh wd¾Ól iyfhda.s;d
• ksIamdok m%ñ;Ska ksl=;a lsÍu
• wdrlaIKfha ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl my; wdldrhg fjkafldg oelaúh yels
nj'
- 68 -
• by; ioyka ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl hgf;a mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l
f.dvke.S we;s nj'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lsÍug wdh;k mj;sk nj'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|du kshdukh lrk m%Odk wdh;khla f,i f,dal fjf<|
ixúOdkfha ye¢kaúh yels nj'
• wdrlaIKjd§ ls%hdud¾. ,sys,a lsÍu wruqKq lrf.k f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh ìys
ù we;s nj'
• my; i|yka mrud¾: we;sj f,dal fjf<| ixúOdkh msysgqjd we;s nj'
• ksoyia fjf<|dug ndOdldÍ ;Srenÿ my; fy<d f.da,Sh fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍu
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dfï lDIsl¾udka;h fjf<|dug n,mdk wdfhdackh yd
nqoaêuh foam, jeks lafIa;%j,g ksoyia fjf<|du m%p,s; lsÍu
• fjf<|dug n,mdk ;Srenÿ fkdjk ndOl f,i i,lk m%md;kh" wmkhk
mx.= lsÍu iy ksIamdok m%ñ;Ska mekùu jeks foa bj;a lsÍu i|yd fhduq ùu
• fjf<|dfï wiudk;d bj;a lsÍu
• cd;Hka;r uQ,H wruqo, f,dal nexl=j we;=¿ cd;Hka;r iyfhda.S;djh iu.
iqyo j ls%hd lsÍu
• w;sf¾l fjf<| jrK ms<sn| fmdÿ l%uh (GSP+) hkq 2005 jif¾ § y÷kajd ÿka
hqfrdamd ix.uhg NdKav wmkhkh lrk úg th ;Srenÿ rys; j isÿ lsÍug
,ndfok ;=ka wjqreÿ jev ms<sfj,la nj'
ys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdlys;lr m%;súmdl
1' foaYSh <ore l¾udka; úfoaY
;r.fhka wdrlaId jSu
2' iajhxfmdaIs;Ndjh f.dvke.Su
3' fiajd úhqla;sh je<elaùu
4' m%md;kh je<elaùu
5' wys;lr f.jqï fYaI ;;a;ajhka
ksjerÈ lsÍu
wys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdlwys;lr m%;súmdl
1' foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fjf<|fmd<
ixfldapkh
2' úfoaY fjf<|du ixfldapkh ù cd;sl
wdodhu wvqùu
3' foaYSh ksIamdokj, msßjeh wvq lsÍug
idkqn, fkdue;s ùu ksid wld¾hlaIu
l¾udka; ìysùu
4' .=Kd;aul núka by< NdKav
ksIamdokh wvqùu
5' ÈhqKq ;dlaIKh ixl%uKh fkdùu
- 69 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fjf<|dfï jHqyh yd Wmk;s úu¾Ykh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk fjf<|du yd wdkhk fjf<|du w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyfha yd wdkhk jHqyh ieliS we;s whqre úia;r lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyfha yd wdkhk jHqyfha Wmk;s ms<sn| ixikaokd;aul
újrKhl fhfohs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla Wmhk NdKav yd jeä úfoaY úksuhla jeh
lr ñ,oS .kakd NdKav ms<snoj isiqkaf.ka úuikak'
• my; i|yka lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï úfoaY fjf<|fmd<g
wf,ú lsÍfuka Wmhk nj'
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&
• YS% ,xldj jeä úfoaY úksuhla jeh lrkafka Lksc f;,a úfoaY fjf<|fmdf<ka
ñ, § .ekSug nj'
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&
• fï wdldrhg YS% ,xldj NdKav yd fiajd rdYshla wmkhk yd wdkhk lrk
nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqï i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd §
ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'
- 70 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• my; i|yka ud;Dld w;=ßka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ud;Dldj flfrys wjOdkh
fhduq lrkak'
• wdkhk fjf<|du
• wmkhk fjf<|du
• Tng ,eî we;s ud;Dldj y÷kd.ekSu i|yd lKavdhï idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• ud;Dldjg wod< ixrpl fm< .iajkak'
• tu ixrplj,g wod< idfmalaI odhl;ajh m%;sY;d;aul j fmkajkak'
• ld,hla ;=< wod< ixrplj, odhl;ajh iy jHqyfha isÿ ù we;s fjkiaùï
bÈßm;a lrkak'
• tu fjkiaùïj,g n,mE lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg m%ia;dr" m%;sY;l iy j.= Ndú;fhka ks¾udKYS,Sj
bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• hï rgla f,dalfha fjk;a rgj,aj,ska NdKav yd fiajd ñ, § .ekSu wdkhk
fjf<|du nj'
ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka ( YS% ,xldj bkaÈhdfjka fudag¾ r: ñ, § .ekSu
• lsishï rgla f,dalfha fjk;a rgj,g NdKav yd fiajd wf,ú lsÍu wmkhk
fjf<|du nj'
ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka (ksoiqka ( YS% ,xldj weußld tlai;a ckmohg f;a wf,ú lsÍu
• YS% ,xldfõ wdkhk jHqyh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• mdßfNda.sl NdKav
• wka;¾ NdKav
• wdfhdack NdKav
• j¾. fkdl< wdkhk
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&
• tu wdkhk jHqyh my; mßÈ m%;sY;d;aul j oelaúh yels nj'
• mdßfNda.sl NdKav - 19'3]
• wka;¾ NdKav - 55'55]
• wdfhdack NdKav - 24]
• j¾. fkdl< wdkhk - 1'1]
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&
- 71 -
• wdkhkh lrk mdßfNda.sl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
• iy,a" iSks" ;sßÕ=" lsßmsá
• fm!oa.,sl fudag¾ r:
• úÿ,s WmlrK
• wdkhkh lrk wka;¾ NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
• Lksc f;,a
• fmdfydr
• ridhksl øjH
• frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï
• wdkhkh lrk wdfhdack NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
• hka;% iQ;% yd WmlrK
• m%jdyk WmlrK
• f.dvke.s,s øjH
• 1977 isg 2009 wdkhk jHqyh olajd ld,Sk jYfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh my;
mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
wdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyhwdkhk jHqyh
mdßfNda.sl NdKav
wka;¾ NdKav
wdfhdack NdKav
fjk;a
19771977197719771977
42]
45]
12]
1]
20092009200920092009
19]
56]
24]
1]
^by; f;dr;=re 2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r" wdikak
j¾Ihl uy nexl= jd¾;dj mßYS,kh lrñka by; mßÈ wjYH f;dr;=re isiqkag
,nd fokak'&
wka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKavwka;¾ NdKav
fndrf;,a
wfkl=;a Lksc f;,a ksIamdok
frÈms<s
fmdfydr
lvodis
wfkl=;a wka;¾ NdKav
19771977197719771977
23]
2]
3]
1]
1]
15]
20092009200920092009
10]
12]
14]
2]
2]
16]
- 72 -
• YS% ,xldfõ wmkhk jHqyh my; f,i oelaúh yels nj'
• lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk
• ld¾ñl wmkhk
• Lksc øjH wmkhk
• j¾. fkdl< wmkhk
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;djg wkqj&
• tu wmkhk jHqyhka my; mßÈ m%;sY;d;aul j oelaúh yels nj'
• lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk 23'9]
• ld¾ñl wmkhk 74'9]
• Lksc øjH wmkhk 1'3]
^2009 uy nexl= jd¾;dj wkqj&
• wmkhk lrk lDIsld¾ñl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
• f;a" rn¾" fmd,a" wfkl=;a lDIsld¾ñl wmkhk
• wmkhk lrk ld¾ñl NdKavj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj'
• wdydr mdk j¾. yd ÿïfld<
• frÈms<s yd weÕ¨ï
• Lksc ksIamdÈ;
• rn¾ ksIamdÈ;
• msÕka ksIamdÈ;
• iï" .uka u¨ yd mdjyka
• hka;% iQ;% yd WmlrK
• Èhuka;s yd iaj¾KdNrK
• wfkl=;a ld¾ñl wmkhk
• wmkhk lrk Lksc wmkhkj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj
• ueKsla
• wfkl=;a wdfhdack NdKav wmkhk
• 1977 isg 2009 olajd wmkhk jHqyh ld,Sk jYfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh my;
mßÈ fmkaúh yels nj
wmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyhwmkhk jHqyh
lDIsld¾ñl NdKav
ld¾ñl NdKav
fjk;a
19771977197719771977
79]
14]
7]
20092009200920092009
24]
75]
1]
- 73 -
•ld¾ñl NdKav wmkhkh úia;rd;aul j oelafjk nj
• by; i|yka Wmk;sj,g n, mE fya;=j,g ksoiqkaa my; ioyka nj
• wmkhk fnda.j, ñ, WÉpdjpkh
• wmkhk mßudj wvqùu
• f,dal fjf<|fmd< ;=< mej;s oeä wúksYaÑ;;dj
• wmkhk Èßu;a lsÍug rch úiska .;a fkdfhla ls%hdud¾.
• iajNdúl ksIamdok ksid f.da,Sh b,a¨u j¾Okh ùu
• YS% ,xldfõ weÕ¨ï Wiia ;;a;ajfha msysàu yd ta ms<sn| cd;Hka;r úYajdih
Èkd .ekSu
• f.da,Sh wd¾Ól wjmd;h
ld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKavld¾ñl NdKav
frÈms<s yd we.¿ï
Lksc f;,a ksIamdok
wfkl=;a ld¾ñl NdKav
wdydrmdk yd ÿïfld,
Èhuka;s yd iaj¾KdNrK
rn¾ ksIamdok
19771977197719771977
2]
9]
3]
-
-
-
20092009200920092009
46]
2]
6]
6]
5]
5]
- 74 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'4 ( fjf<| wkqmd;h weiqßka úfoaY fjf<|dfï wd¾Ól m%;súmdl
úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• fjf<| wkqmd;h hkak w¾: olajhs'
• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h kï lr .Kkh lr fmkajhs'
• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;fhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'
• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h kï lr .Kkh lr fmkajhs'
• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;fhys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'
• wdikak uy nexl= jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h;a wdodhï
fjf<| wkqmd;h;a ms<sn| uE;ld,Sk f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• wmkhk NdKav tallhlska .; yels wdkhk NdKav m%udKh fjf<| wkqmd;h
nj'
• fjf<| wkqmd; j¾. m%Odk fldgia folla nj'
• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h
• wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h
• wmkhkj, wdkhk yelshdj fyj;a l%h Yla;sh uekSug ilikq ,enQ o¾Ylh
NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h nj'
• wmkhk ñ, o¾Ylh wdkhk ñ, o¾Ylfhka fnod th ishfhka .=K lsÍfuka
NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'
• fjf<| wkqmd;h j¾Okh jkúg wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg ys;lr jk nj'
• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h msßySu ixj¾Okhg wys;lr jk nj'
• NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;fhka rgl wdkhk l%h Yla;sh uekúka ms<sônq fkdjk
nj'
• wmkhk wdodhfuys wdkhk l%h Yla;sh uekSu i|yd ms<sfh, lrk o¾Ylh
wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h nj'
• rgl NdKav fjf<| wkqmd;h tys wmkhk mßud o¾Ylfhka .=Kl< úg wdodhï
fjf<| wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'
I = wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h
Px
= wmkhk ñ, o¾Ylh
Pm
= wdkhk ñ, o¾Ylh
Qx
= wmkhk mßud o¾Ylh
• m%d.aOk NdKav wdkhk lsÍfï yelshdj fndfydaÿrg r|d mj;skafka wdodhï
fjf<| wkqmd;h u;h tu ksid ÈhqKq fjñka mj;sk rgj, wjYHfhka u
wdodhï fjf<| wkqmd;h by< hd hq;= nj'
I =P
x
Pm
X Qx
- 75 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'5 ( f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl wka;¾.;h úYaf,aIKh lrñka tys
wdlD;shla ms<sfh, lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• f.jqï fYaI ixl,amh w¾: olajhs'
• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha ixrpl ksoiqka olajñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• l,ams; o;a; we;=<;a lrñka f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhla ms<sfh, lrhs'
• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl we;=<;a ixrplhka ys wka;¾ n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'
bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh (
msúiqu (
• ksjig wdodhï ,efnk ud¾. yd tu wdodhï jehlrk wdldrh ms<sn| isiqkaf.ka
úuikak'
• my; lreKq u;= lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'
• ksjig my; i|yka wdldrfha ud¾.j,ska wdodhï ,efnk nj'
• ksfjia ysñhkaf.a jegqma
• bvlvïj,ska ,efnk wdodhï
• nexl=j, ;ekam;=j,ska ,efnk fmd,sh
• /lshdjg wu;r j lrk úúO jHdmdr lghq;=j,ska ,efnk wdodhu
• ksjig ,efnk wdodhu my; mßÈ úúO NdKav yd fiajd mßyrKhg jeh lrk
nj'
• wdydr iy we÷ï me<÷ï ñ, § .ekSug
• wOHdmk lghq;=j,g
• .uka ìuka hdug
• úÿ,s ì,am;a" c, ì,am;a" yd ÿrl:k ì,a hkdÈh f.ùug
• ksjig ,efnk wdodhï yd jehlrk úhoï iei£fuka wjidkfha b;sßhla o
ysÕhla o hkak fidhd .; yels nj'
• fï wdldrhg rgla úfoaY .kqfokqj,ska ,efnk wdodhï iy úhoï .sKqïlrk
mámdáhg wkqj jd¾;d lr wjidk m%;sM,h fidhd.; yels nj'
• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lr bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia ,nd § l%shdldrlfuys
fhdojkak'
- 76 -
bf.kqu i|yd fhdað; Wmfoia (
• YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY fjf<|du yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re lsysmhla my; oela fõ' ta
w;=ßka Tfí lKavdhug ,efnk f;dr;=re ldKavh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq
lrkak'
"tatatatata" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh
whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&
wdydr yd mdk j¾. wdkhkh 200
f;a wmkhkh 100
frÈms<s iy we.¿ï wmkhkh 500
frÈms<s wdkhkh 300
fmdfydr wdkhkh 400
ueKsla yd iaj¾KdNrK wmkhk 50
fndrf;,a wdkhkh 200
f.dvke.s,s øjH wdkhkh 50
rn¾ wmkhkh 100
Lksc f;,a ksIamdÈ; wmkhkh 100
fmd,a wmkhkh 50
"îîîîî" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh
whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi,laI&
.=jka fiajdj,ska ,enQ wdodhu 500
úfoaY kdúl hd;%dj,g fiajh ,nd §u 300
YS% ,xldfõ fjk;a jrdh myiqlï ,nd §u 200
cd;Hka;r ikaksfõok moaO;sj, fiajh ,nd .ekSu 1000
úfoaY fydag,a yd wdmkYd,d myiqlï ,nd .ekSu 100
YS% ,xldfjka fydag,a yd wdmkYd,d myiqlï ,nd §u 100
- 77 -
"iSiSiSiSiS" ldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavhldKavh
whs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uhwhs;uh jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&jákdlu ^re' oi ,laI&
YS% ,xldj úfoaYhka g f.jQ fmd,S wdodhu 600
ueofmrÈ. fiajh lrk YS% ,dxlsl ldka;djla ;u
orejkg tjk ,o jegqm 500
YS% ,dxlslfhla úfoaY jHdmdrhl uqo,a wdfhdackh 1300
iqkdñ jHjikh ksid wm rgg ,enqKq mß;Hd. 100
úfoaYslhska YS% ,xldfõ jHdmdr fldgia ñ, § .ekSu 200
W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Okhg úfoY wdOdr ,eîu 300
úfoaY rgl Ôj;ajk wfkajdislhkag hjk uqo,a mß;Hd. 100
YS% ,xldfjka fjk;a rglg lrkq ,nk mß;Hd. 300
• Tng ,eî we;s f;dr;=re ldKavfhka YS% ,xldjg úfoaY úksuh ,efnk .Kqfokq
,ehsia;= .; lr uq¿ úfoaY úksuh ,eîï .Kkh lrkak'
• YS% ,xldjg úfoaY úksuh jehjk .Kqfokq ,ehsia;=jla ilia lr uq¿ úfoaY
úksuh f.ùï .Kkh lrkak'
• by; .Kkh l< úfoaY úksuh ,eîï yd f.ùï ii|ñka wjidk fYaIh .Kkh
lrkak'
• Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mx;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha fiiq rgj,a iu. lrkq ,nk ish¨u .Kqfokq
,eîï iy f.ùï f,i igyka lrkq ,nk f,aLkh f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh nj'
• fuh oaú;aj igyka ^fYaI m;%hl wdlD;sh .kakd ksid& f,i .sKqï ;eîu ksid
f.jqï ;=,k f,aLkh jYfhkao y÷kajk nj'
• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh m%Odk .sKqï follska iukaú; jk nj'
• cx.u .sKqu
• m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqu
• cx.u .sKqu kej; m%Odk .sKqï y;rlg fnok nj'
• fjf<| .sKqu ^NdKav .sKqu&
• fiajd .sKqu ^idOl fkdjk fiajd .sKqu&
• wdodhï .sKqu ^idOl fiajd .sKqu&
• j¾;k ixl%du .sKqu ^ks, yd fm!oa.,sl ixl%du .sKqu&
• f,dalfha tla rgla f,dalfha fiiq rgj,a iu. isÿlrk NdKav wmkhk yd
wdkhkh ms<sn|j f;dr;=re igyka lrk .sKqu fjf<| .sKqu ke;fyd;a oDIH
NdKav .sKqu hkqfjka ye¢kafjk nj'
- 78 -
• fuu .sKqfï fYaIh fjf<| fYaIh jYfhka ye¢kafjk w;r th Ok fyda RK
w.hla .kakd nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § tla rgla ;j;a rgj,a iu. idOl fkdjk fiajd
i|yd lrkq ,nk úhoï iy ,efnk wdodhï igyka lrk .sKqu fiajd .sKqu
jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'
• fuu .sKqfï fYaIh Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï § idOl wdodhï ,eîï yd idOl wdodhï f.ùï ms<sn|
igyka ;nk .sKqu wdodhï .sKqu jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'
• .Dyfiaúldjka úfoaY.; ù tjkq ,nk jegqma fuu .sKqug we;=<;a fkdùu
úfYaI ldrKhla nj'
• fuu .sKqfï ,eîï yd f.ùï w;r fYaIh Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels w;r th
úfoaY Y=oaO idOl wdodhu f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• f,dalfha rgj,a iu. iïnkaOlï mj;ajkúg tla rgla f,dalfha ;j;a rglg
lrkq ,nk mß;Hd. rchlska ;j;a rchlg jkafka kï th ks, ixl%du jYfhka
ye¢kafjk nj'
• tfuka u lsishï rgl mqrjeishl= úfoaY .; jQ úg ;u kEoE" ys; ñ;%d§kag tjkq
,nk ;udf.a jegqm fm!oa.,sl ixl%duhla f,i ie,lsh yels nj'
• fï wkqj cx.u ixl%du" ks, ixl%du yd fm!oa.,sl ixl%du jYfhka fldgia
follg fnfok nj'
• by; .sKqï y;f¾ tl;=j cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh nj'
• th Ok fyda RK w.hla .; yels nj'
• m%d.aOk .sKqfï igyka jkafka m%d.aOk ixl%du nj'
• uQ,H .sKqu È.=ld,Sk yd fláld,Sk jYfhka m%Odk fldgia follg fnfok
nj'
• È.=ld,Sk uQ,H .sKqug iDcq wdfhdack" fm!oa.,sl È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO& iy rcfha
È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO& wh;a jk nj'
• fláld,Sk uQ,H .sKqug my; i|yka oE wh;a jk nj'
• úúO wdfhdack ^Y=oaO&
• fm!oa.,sl fláld,Sk ^Y=oaO&
• jdKsc nexl= j;alï ^Y=oaO&
• jdKsc nexl= j.lSï ^Y=oaO&
• rcfha fláld,Sk ^Y=oaO&
• úfYaI .eKqï ysñlï^ú'.e'ys' &
• w.h .Kkh lsÍfï .e<mSu jerÈ iy w;ayeÍï .e<mQúg f.jqï fYaIfha iuia;
fYaIh ilia lr .; yels nj'
- 79 -
f.jqï fYaI f,aLkh
cx.u .sKqu m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqu
NdKav .sKqu
^fjf<| .sKqu&
fiajd .sKqu wdodhï .sKqu ixl%du .sKqum%d.aOk
ixl%du
È.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,SkÈ.= ld,Sk
• iDcq wdfhdack
• fm!oa.,sl
È.=ld,Sk ^Y=oaO&
• rcfha È.=ld,Sk
^Y=oaO&
flá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Skflá ld,Sk
• úúO wdfhdack
• fm!oa.,sl fláld,Sk
^Y=oaO&
• jdKsc nexl= j;alï
^Y=oaO&
• jdKsc nexl= j.lSï
^Y=oaO&
• rcfha fláld,Sk
^Y=oaO&
NdKav
wmkhk
,eîï
NdKav
wdkhk
f.ùï
,eîï f.ùï ,eîï f.ùï ks,
ixl%du
^Y=oaO&
fm!oa.,sl
ixl%du
^Y=oaO&
cx.u .sKqfï
fYaIh
fjf<| fYaIh fiajd .sKqfï
fYaIh
ixl%du .sKqfï
fYaIh+ + +
wdodhï .sKqfï
fYaIh
+
iuia; fYaIh
m%d.aOk yd uQ,H
.sKqï fYaIhw.h .Kkh lsÍfï
.e<mSu jerÈ iy w;ayeÍï
úfYaI .eKqï ysñlu
+
- 80 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 ( úfoaY .Kqfokq wd¾Ólhg we;s lrk n,mEu YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï
fYaI f,aLkh weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<ska f.jqï fYaIfha uE;ld,Sk Wmk;s meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkfha fjf<| fYaIh" cx.u .sKqfï fYaIh iy iuia; fYaIfha
Wmk;s úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
• tu .sKqïj, Ok fYaIhka w.h lrñka RK fYaIhka wju lr .ekSug fhdackd
bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• f.jqï fYaI f,aLkhl iuia; .sKqfï fYaIh w;sßla;hla fyda ysÕhla mej;Su
f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;djhla f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;dj ;=<ska YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaIfha uE;ld,Sk Wmk;s
mrSlaId l<yels nj'
• f.jqï fYaI w;sßla;hl wd¾Ól m%;súmdl j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• úfoaY ixÑ; by< hdu
• wdkhk i|yd úfoaY ixÑ; m%udKj;a ld,h §¾> ùu
• uqo,a iemhqu flfrys m%idrKd;aul n,mEï we;sùu
• WoaOukhlg bvlv ie,iSu
• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh wê;lafiare ùu
• wmkhk ;r.ldÍ;ajh ÿ¾j,ùu
• f.jqï fYaI ysÕhl wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• úfoaY ixÑ; my< hdu
• uqo,a iemhqfï ixfldapkd;aul n,mEu
• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIh ùu
• wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;s lrd fhduqùu
• úfoaY Kh by< hdu
- 81 -
• f.jqï fYaI ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd úúO ls%hdud¾. wkq.ukh l<
yels nj'
ksoiqkA (
• j¾;k .sKqfï ysÕh mshjd .ekSug m%d.aOk yd uQ,H .sKqfï iïm;a fhdod
.ekSu
• iuia; fYaIfha ysÕh mshjd .ekSu i|yd È.=ld,Sk ls%hdud¾. .ekSu'
• wdkhk wdfoaYkh
• wmkhk úúOdx.SlrKh
• úfoaY wdfhdack ,nd .ekSu
• úksuh wkqmd; wjm%udKh
• ixrpl úksuh wkqmd; l%uh
^uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ f.jqï fYaIfha ld,Sk
f;dr;=re iy Wmk;s ms<snoj isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'&
- 82 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'7 ( úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh ;SrKh ùu iy tys m%;súmdl
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< iy úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh w¾: olajhs'
• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;sl j¾.SlrKh lrñka tajd ú.%y lrhs'
• úúO úksuh wkqmd;sl Ndú;h ;=<ska we;sjk wd¾Ól m%;súmdl meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úksuh wkqmd;sl WÉpdjpk rgl f.jqï fYaIh flfrys we;s lrk n,mEu
fln÷oehs úu¾Ykh lrhs'
• rgla ;=< uqo, wjm%udKh ùu iy m%;sm%udKh jk wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùu yd w.h jeäùu ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• úúO rgj, uqo,a j¾. yqjudre jk fjf<|fmd<" úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd< nj'
• tla rgl uqo,a tallhla ;j;a rgl uqo,a tallhla iu. yqjudre jk wkqmd;h
úksuh wkqmd;h nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ tla tla ld,jljdkqj, my; i|yka úúO úksuh wkqmd;slhka
Ndú; lr we;s nj'
• ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;slh
• mdfjk úksuh wkqmd;slh
• md,s; kuH úksuh wkqmd;slh
• úksuh wjm%udKhla yd m%;sm%udKhla isÿúh yels nj'
• úksuh wjm%udKhla hkq foaYSh jHdjydr uqo,a tallfha ndysr w.h fyj;a úfoaY
jHjydr uqo,aj,ska flfrk ;lafiarej my; jeàu nj'
• m%;sm%udKh hkq wjm%udKfha m%;súreoaO ls%hdj,sh nj'
• wj m%udKh yd m%;sm%udKh ia:djr úksuh wkqmd;sl l%uh ;=< isÿjk nj'
• úksuh wkqmd;sl laIhùu hkq" kuH úksuh wkqmd; l%uhla hgf;a foaYSh uqo,a
tallhla ñ,g .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= úfoaY uqo,a tall m%udKh wvqùulaa fyda
úfoaY uqo,a tallhla ñ,g .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= foaYSh uqo,a tall m%udKh
jeäùula nj'
- 83 -
ksoiqka (
• weußld fvd,rhl .ekqï ñ, YS% ,xld remsh,a 100 isg 150 olajd by< hdu
fyda YS% ,xld remsh,l .ekqï ñ, weußld fvd,¾ 0'01 isg 0'0067 olajd my< hdu
• úksuh wkqmd;slfha w.h jeäùu hkq" úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùfï m%;súreoaO
ls%hdj,sh nj'
ksoiqka (
• weußld fvd,rhl .ekqï ñ, YS% ,xld remsh,a 150 isg 100 olajd my< hdu
fyda YS% ,xld remsh,l .ekqï ñ, weußld fvd,¾ 0'0067 isg 0'01 olajd by< hdu
• tla tla rgj, wNHka;r WoaOuk wkqmd;slh úksuh wkqmd;slh flfrys ie,lsh
hq;= n,mEula we;s lrk nj'
• kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq" tla tla úfoaY uqo,a j¾. iu. foaYSh jHjydr
uqo,a yqjudre wkqmd;h fjka fjka j m%ldY lr ta wkqj uqof,a ndysr w.h
fjkiaùu uek oelaùu nj'
• uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq" rgj,a foll ñ, uÜgï w;r fjkialï i|yd
.<mk ,o kdñl úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'
• rgj,a w;r uqo,a tall u; isÿ lrk fjf<|dfï idfmalaI m%udK wkqj nr
;nd ieliQ úksuh wkqmd; kdñl iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'
• uQ¾; iM, úksuh wkqmd;slh hkq tfia nr ;nd ilik ,o úksuh wkqmd;slfhka
WoaOukfha n,mEu bj;a lr ilik ,o úksuh wkqmd;slh nj'
• uQ¾; úksuh wkqmd;h by< hdfuka fmkajkafka o úksuh wkqmd;slh wê ;lafiare
ùula nj'
• my; ±lafjk fldkafoais j,g hg;aj úksuh wkqmd;slfha w.h wvqùug bv§fuka
fjf<| fYaIh yd j¾;k .sKqu hym;a lr .; yels nj'
• wmkhk b,a¨u kuH ùu
• wdkhk b,a¨u kuH ùu
• foaYSh ñ, uÜgï ia:djrj ;sîu
• wmkhk iemhqï kuH;dj by, uÜgul ;sîu
- 84 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'8 ( úfoaY wdfhdack" rgl wd¾Ólhg n,mdk wdldrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• úfoaY wdfhdack" w¾: olajñka tjd j¾.SlrKh lrhs'
• úfoaY wdfhdackj, ys;lr iy wys;lr wd¾Ól n,mEï úia;r lrhs'
• úfoaY wdfhdack by< hdu úfoaY j;alï by< hdug n,mdk wdldrh YS% ,xldfõ
o;a; weiqßka úia;r lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• rgl wdh;khla fyda mqoa.,hl= fyda fjk;a rgl uQ,H j;alï ñ, § .ekSu fyda
kj jHdmdr ìys lsÍu iya mj;akd jHdmdrj, fldgia jeä ixLHdjla ñ, §
.ekSu úfoaY wdfhdack jYfhka ye¢kafjk nj'
• úfoaY wdfhdack m%Odk f;aud folla hgf;a úia;r flfrk nj'
• iDcq wdfhdack
• l<U wdfhdack
• l¾udka; Yd,d" bvï" m%d.aOk NdKav iy f;d. hk wdÈfha isÿ flfrk uQ¾;
wdfhdack iDcq wdfhdack nj'
• iDcq wdfhdackfha § úfoaY m%d.aOkh" l<ukdlrKh iy ;dlaIKh wdfhdackh
lrk rgg .,d tk nj'
• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdackj, § wdfhdað; m%d.aOkfha whs;sh úfoaY wdfhdaclhskag
ysñjk nj'
• l<U wdfhdack hkq úfoaYslhka" foaYSh uqo,ska m%ldYs; uQ,H j.lSïj, uqo,a
wdfhdackh lsrSu nj'
• fldgia" Khlr" jdKsc m;s%ld" NdKavd.dr ì,am;a" iq/l=ïm; iy NdKavd.dr
ne÷ïlr wdÈh l<U wdfhdack i|yd fhdod .kakd" uQ,H j;alïj,g ksoiqka
nj'
• úfoaY wdfhdackj, jdis j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• úfoaY úksuh rgg .,d tau
• f.jqï fYaI ysÕhg ms<s;=rla ùu
• Kh nr by< fkdhdu
- 85 -
• kj ;dlaIKh rgg .,d tau
• m%d.aOkh rgg .,d tau
• l<ukdlrKh rg ;=<g .,d tau
• úfoaY wdfhdackj, wjdis j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• ,dNdxY yd fmd,S úYd, jYfhka msg rgg we§ hdu
• foaYSh wd¾Ól lghq;=j,g whym;a n,mEï t,a,ùu
• m%d.aOk iQlaIu ksIamdok Ys,amSh l%u Ndú;h ksid /lshd wjia:d wysñ ùu
• iajNdúl iïm;a wê mdßfNdackhg ,laùu
• foaYsh l¾udka; wvmK ùu
• rchg nÿ wdodhï kshu f,i fkd,eî hdu
• foaYsh wdfhdaclhska i|yd we;s uqo,a úfoaY jHdmdr fj; we§ hdu
• olaI fiajlhka foaYSh jHdmdrj,ska úfoaY jHdmdr fj; we§ hdu
^uy nexl= jd¾Isl jd¾;d weiqfrka YS% ,xldfõ úfoaY wdfhdackj, ld,Sk
f;dr;=re iy Wmk;s ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'&
- 86 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'9 ( wka;¾cd;sl wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh i|yd ls%hd;aul jk úúO
wd¾Ól ixúOdkj, jeo.;alu úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, wruqKq ú.%y lrhs'
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, úúO wjia:d ksoiqka iys; j úia;r lrhs'
• úúO wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, mj;sk iqúfYaI ,laIK bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,xldj iïnkaO j we;s fjf<| .súiqï ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• tlu cd;shl úúO jQ lKaavdhï w;r fyda cd;sl lKavdhï w;r ;Sre nÿ yd ;Sre
nÿ fkdjk idOlj,ska f;dr j NdKav yd fiajd iy ksIamdok idOl yqjudre lr
.ekSfï ls%hdj,sh wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï jk nj'
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• rgj,a w;r ñ, úfYaIs;dj bj;a fldg talSh ñ,la we;s lsÍu
• ;r.ldÍ;ajh jeä lsÍu ;=<ska mdßfNda.slhdg wvq ñ,g NdKav ,nd §u
• f,dal fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍu ;=<ska rgj, o< foaYSh ksIamdokh by< kexùu
• ld¾hlaIu ksIamdok jHqyhla we;s lr .ekSu ;=<ska by< wd¾Ól m%;s,dN
bmhSu
• f,dalfha cd;Skaf.a iqNidOkh by< kexùu
• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| yjq,alrejka iu. flaj,a lsÍu
• f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sfha § cd;Hka;r ;r.ldÍ;ajh /l .ekSu
• cd;Ska w;r foaYmd,k iïnkaO;d j¾Okh lsÍu
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùïj, úúO wÈhr my; mßÈ j¾. l< yels nj'
• jrKd;aul fjf<| .súiqï (Perferential Trade Agreements - PTA)
• ksoyia fjf<| l,dm (Free Trade Area - FTA)
• ;srenÿ ix.ï (Custom Unions - CU)
• fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (Common Markets - CM)
• wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.ï (Econmic Unions and Montery Unions - EU & MU)
• mQ¾K wd¾Ól taldnoaO ùï (Fully Economic Intergration - FI)
• idudðl fkdjk cd;Ska w;r fjf<|dfï È Ndú; lrk fjf<| ixfrdaOlj,g
wvq ixfrdaOl hgf;a idudðl rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd yqjudre lr .ekSug
rgj,a tl;= ù we;s lr .kakd ixúOdk jrKSh fjf<| l,dm f,i ye¢kafjk
nj'
- 87 -
• jrKSh fjf<| .súiqïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• hqfrdamd wd¾Ól l,dmSh .súiqu (European Econmic Area Agreement - EEA)
• bkaÿ we*a.ksia:dka jrKSh fjf<| .súiqu (Preferential Trade Agreement between
The republic of India and the Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan)
• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (North American Free Trade Agreement
- NAFTA )
• idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. fjf<|dfï fhfokúg ta ta rfÜ
wNsu;h mßÈ fjf<| ixfrdaOl mj;ajdf.k hdug;a idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du
ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajdf.k hdug;a rgj,a lSmhla tla ù we;s lr .kakd
ixúOdk ksoyia fjf<| l,dm f,i ye¢kafjk nj'
• ksoyia fjf<| l,dmj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• wms%ldkq ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (African Free Trade Zone - AFTZ)
• wdishdkq meismsla ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (Asian Free Trade Area - AFTA)
• uOHu hqfrdamd ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (Central European Free Trade Agreement
-CEFTA)
• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| l,dmh (North American Free Trade Agreement
- NAFTA)
• idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du fjf<| ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajd f.k
hdu yd idudðl rgj,a iy idudðl fkdjk ndysr rgj,a iu. fjf<|dfï § tl
iudk fjf<| m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd;a rgj,a lsysmhla taldnoaO
ù lghq;= lsÍu" ;Srenÿ ix.uhla f,i ie,flk nj'
• ;Srenÿ ix.ïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• uOHu weußldkq fmdÿ fjf<| fmd< (Central American Common Market -
CACM)
• leßìhka fldñhqksá (Caribbean Community - CAN)
• W;=re weußldkq fldñhqksá (North American Community)
• idudðl rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|du ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j
mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. fjf<|dï
lsÍfï § fmdÿ m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh lsÍu;a idudðl rgj,a w;r ksIamdok
idOl ksoyfia ixp,kh lsÍug;a rgj,a taldnoaO ùu fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< f,i
i,lk nj'
- 88 -
• fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< i|yd my; i|yka ksoiqka iemhsh yels nj'
• leßìhka fldñhqksá fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (The Caribbean Community and Common
Market - CARICOM)
• uOHu weußldkq fmdÿ fjf<|fmd< (Central American Common Market -
CACM)
• uOHu wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H fldñhqksá (Central African Economic and
Monetary Community - CEMAC)
• idudðl rgj,a w;r fjf<|du ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j mj;ajd f.k hdug;a"
idudðl rgj,a idudðl fkdjk rgj,a iu. NdKav yd fiajd fjf<|du fmdÿ
m%;sm;a;shla hgf;a mj;ajdf.k hdug;a" idudðl rgj,a w;r Y%uh yd m%d.aOkh
ksoyfia ixp,kh lsÍug;a" idudðl rgj,a w;r tl yd iudk uQ,H m%;sm;a;shla
iy rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;shla o ls%hd;aul lsÍug rgj,a lSmhla taldnoaO ùu wd¾Ól
yd uQ,H ix.uhla f,i y÷kajk nj'
• wd¾Ól yd uQ,H ix.ïj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• uOHu wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.uh (Central African Economic and
Monetary Community - CEMAC)
• ngysr wms%ldkq wd¾Ól iy uQ,H ix.uh (Economic Community West African
Staters - ECOWAS)
• hqfrdamd uQ,H iy wd¾Ól ix.uh (Europen Economic and Monetary Union -
EMU)
• idudðl rgj,a w;r iy idudðl fkdjk rgj,a w;r NdKav yd fiajd yqjudrefõ
§ ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug iy ksIamdok idOl yqjudre lsÍfï §
ixfrdaOlj,ska f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug;a idudðl rgj,a w;r talSh uQ,H
m%;sm;a;shla" rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;s" jHjia:dodhl" úOdhl" wêlrK iy foaYmd,k
m%;sm;a;shla mj;ajdf.k hdug;a rgj,a taldnoaO ùu mQ¾K taldnoaOùu f,i
i,lk nj'
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùfï tla;rd wÈhrhla f,i rgj,a fjf<| .súiqïj,g we;=<;a
jk nj'
• fjf<| .súiqï j¾. follg fnÈh yels nj'
• oaú md¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqï
• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqï
- 89 -
• rgj,a folla úiska fjf<|du yd uQ,H lghq;= ms<sn| we;s lr .kakd tlÕ;d
.súiqu oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqula nj'
• YS% ,xldj we;=<;a ù we;s oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<| .súiqïj,g ksoiqka my; i|yka
jk nj'
• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu
• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu
• YS% ,xldj iy bkaÈhdj iïnkaO ù 1998'12'28 Èk bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<|
.súiqu w;aika l< w;r th 2000'03'31 Èk isg ls%hd;aul jk nj'
• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'
• iyÔjk wd¾Ól rgdjla mj;ajdf.k hñka forg w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh
j¾Okh lsÍu
• forg w;r fjf<| lghq;= ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi ;r.ldß;ajh w¾:j;a lsÍu i|yd
idOdrK fldkafoais mekùu
• fjf<| lghq;=j, § wfkHdakH j.lSu wdrlaId lr .ekSu
• l,dmfha fjf<| lghq;= i|yd we;s ndOd bj;a lsÍu u.ska wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh
fõ.j;a lsÍu
• bkaÿ ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfuka YS% ,xldjg ,efnk jdisj,g ksoiqka my;
i|yka jk nj'
• úYd, fjf<|fmd<la ysñùu
• m%jdyk msßjeh wvqùu
• foaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a mdßfNda.sl NdKav ñ, wvqùu
• ksoyia fjf<|dfï jdis ,nd .; yels ùu
• úfoaY wdfhdack úYd, jYfhka YS% ,xldjg .,d tau
• úfoaY wNsfhda.j,g Yla;su;a f,i uqyqK§ug yels ùu
• bkaÈhdfõ ksIamdokh flfrk kj ld¾ñl NdKav wvqñ,g .; yels ùu
• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu 2002'08'01 Èk w;aika ;enQ w;r 2005
fmnrjdß 09 jk Èfkka miq ls%hd;auljq nj'
• mlsia;dkq YS% ,xld fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'
• NdKav fjf<|du mq¿,a lsÍfuka mlsia:dkh;a YS% ,xldj;a w;r wd¾Ól iïnkaO;d
j¾Okh lsÍu
• forfÜ ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh kxjd,Su
• oaúmd¾Yùh fjf<|du;a f,dal fjf<|du;a j¾Okh lsÍu yd mq¿,a lsÍu
- 90 -
• mdlsia;dkq YS% ,xld ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfuka YS% ,xldjg ie,fik jdis j,g
ksoiqka my; i|yka nj'
• mdlsia;dkfhka YS% ,xldjg ;Srenÿj,ska f;dr j NdKav wdkhkh l<
yels neúka YS% ,xldj ;=< wdkhk NdKavj, ñ, .Kka my; jeàu
• YS% ,xldfõ ksIamdÈ; NdKav i|yd fjf<|fmd< mq¿,a ùu
• wmkhk úúOdx.SlrKhg wjia:dj ie,iSu
• wuq øjH wvq ñ,g ,nd .; yels ùu
• foaYSh <ore l¾udka; blaukska mßK;Ndjhg m;alr .; yels ùu
• wdfhdack yd fiajd kshqla;s bv m%ia;d mq¿,a ùu
ie,lsh yels nj
• nyq md¾Yùh fjf<| .ssúiqïj,g ksoiqka lSmhla my; i|yka nj'
• fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid fnx.d, fndlafla
rgj, uQ,sl;ajh (BIMSTEC)
• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (SAFTA)
• wdishd meismsla fjf<| .súiqu (APTA)
• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (NAFTA)
• fnx.d, foaYh" bkaÈhdj" ñhkaudrh" YS% ,xldj" ;dhs,ka;h" fkamd,h iy
N+;dkh hk rgj,a fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid
fnx.d, fndlafla rgj, uQ,sl;ajfhys(Bay of Bengal Initiative for Mulit Sectoral
Technical and Economic Cooperation -BIMSTEC) iudðl rgj,aa nj
• fmdÿ wdxYsl ;dlaIKsl yd wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djh Wfoid fnx.d, fndlafla
rgj, uQ,sl;ajfh(BIMSTEC) ys jeä jeo.;alula Èh hq;= wxY .Kkdjla
y÷kdf.k ;snQ w;r tu wxY my; oelafjk nj'
• fjf<|du wdfhdackh
• ;dlaIKh
• m%jdykh yd ikaksfõokh
• n,Yla;sh
• ixpdrl l¾udka;h
• c,c iïm;a
- 91 -
• 1985 j¾Ifha § nx.,dfoaYh" N+;dkh" bkaÈhdj" ud,Èjhsk" fkamd,h"
mdlsia;dkh iy YS% ,xldj hk rgj,a tla ù ol=Kq wdishdkq l,dmSh iyfhda.S;d
ix.uh fyj;a id¾la ixjsOdkh msysg jQ nj'
• id¾la ixúOdkhg iïnkaO rgj,a úiska ol=Kq wdishdkq jrKSh fjf<|
.súiqu (South Asian Preferential Trade Agreement - SAPTA) 1995 j¾Ifha È we;s
lr .;a nj'
• id¾la ixúOdkhg wh;a rgj,a w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj we;s lr .ekSug;a
fjf<|du ÈhqKq lsÍug;a 2001 j¾Ifha § ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.uh
(South Asian Free Trade Association - SAFTA) msysg jQ nj'
• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.ufha wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ jk nj'
• fjf<| ndOl bj;a lsÍu yd foaY iSudj yryd flfrk fjf<| .Kqfokq
i|yd myiqlï iemhSu
• idudðl rgj, wd¾Ól uÜgï yd tajdfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok rgd ie,ls,a,g
.ksñka ksoyia idOdrK fjf<|dula we;s lsÍu iy fjf<|dfï jdis iudk
f,i ta rgj,a w;r fn§ hdug ie,eiaùu
• .súiqu ls%hd;aul lsÍu tys lghq;= we.hSu iy we;sjk wdrjq,a úi|d .ekSu
i|yd M,odhS hdka;%Khla we;s lsÍu
• .súiqfï m%;s,dN wkd.;fha § jHdma; lsÍug;a jeä lsÍug;a wjYH l,dmSh
iyfhda.S;d jevms<sfj,la ia:dmkh lsÍu
• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.ufh .súiqu ls%hd;aul jkafka my; oelafjk
WmlrK yh u; nj'
• fjf<|du ksoyia lsÍfï jevigyk
• m%Njia:dk kS;s
• wdh;ksl jevms<sfj,
• WmfoaYkh iy wdrjq,a iukh lsÍfï hdka;%Kh
• wdrlaIK ls%hd ms<sfj;a
• .súis fjk;a WmlrK
• ol=Kq wdishdkq ksoyia fjf<| ix.uh iïnkaOfhka mek ke.S we;s .eg¿j,g
ksoiqka my; i|yka nj'
• l,dmh ;=< foaYmd,k tlÕ;djh wvqùu
• idudðl rgj,a fndfyduhla iudk NdKav ksmoùu
- 92 -
• mßmd,k iy foaYmd,k ixfrdaOl
• l,dmSh rgj,a w;r by< ;Srenÿ wkqmd;sl mej;Su
• weußld tlai;a ckmoh" lekvdj iy fulaisfldaj hk rgj,a tla ù W;=re
wefußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqu (North American Free Trade Agreement -
NAFTA) 1993 j¾Ifha § w;aika l< w;r 1994'01'01 Èk isg th ls%hd;aul jQ nj
• W;=re weußldkq ksoyia fjf<| .súiqfï wruqKq my; oelafjk nj'
• ;Sre nÿ yd ;Sre nÿ fkdjk ixfrdaOl bj;a lsÍu
• .súiqug iïnkaO rgj,a w;r wdfhdack ixp,khg we;s ndOl bj;a lsÍu
• l,dmh ;=< fjf<|du m%j¾Okh lsÍu
• .súiqug iïnkaO rgj,a w;r wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj j¾Okh lsÍu
• uq¿ W;=re weußldj ;=< NdKav iy fiajd fjf<|du iïmQ¾Kfhka ksoyia
ùug fuu .súiqu fya;= jQ w;r ta ksid NdKav ñ, wvqùu yd .súiqug we;=<;a
rgj, fjf<|du fo.=K jQ nj'
• wdishd meismsla l,dmhg wh;a rgj,a 18 la tla ù wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól
iyfhda.S;dj (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation - APEC) 1993 j¾Ifha mgka
wdrïN l< nj'
• cmdkh" Ökh" ol=Kq fldßhdj" ;dhs,ka;h" bkaÿkSishdj" ms,smSkh" nDDkdhs"
memqjd ksõ.sks" Ñ,S" iafÜ%,shdj" lekvdj" weußld tlai;a ckmoh" fulaisfldaj
iy kjiS,ka;h hkd § rgj,a wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;dj ixúOdkfha
idudðl;ajh ork nj'
• wdishd meismsla wd¾Ól iyfhda.S;djfha fojk iïfï,kfha § tlÕ jQ mßÈ
tys ls%hdldÍ ie,iqfï uQ,sl wruqKq my; mßÈ nj'
• mQ¾K ksoyia fjf<| l,dm msysgqùu
• f¾.= lghq;= úêu;a lsÍu yd ,sys,a lsÍu
• mß.Kl ;dlaIKh Ndú; lrñka fjf<|du ksoyia lsÍu
• È<s÷ ck;djf.a iqNidOk lghq;= by< uÜgulg f.k tau
- 93 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'10 ( wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj, ld¾hNdrh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k kï lrhs'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj, ld¾hhka úia;r lrhs'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wdh;kj,ska YS% ,xldjg ,efnk fiajd ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• idudðl rgj, uQ,H ysÕh mshùu i|yd fláld,Sk Kh iemhSu uQ,sl wruqK
fldgf.k 1947 ckjdß udifha § wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, (International Monetary
Fund-IMF) msysg jQ nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys m%Odk ld¾hd,h weußld tlai;a ckmofha fjdIsxgka
k.rfha msysgjd we;s w;r wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys wdrïNl idudðl rgj,a
28 la o jQ kuq;a j¾;udkfha § rgj,a 184 la tys idudðl;ajh ork nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, i|yd m%d.aOkh imhdf.k we;af;a idudðl rgj,a
fj; wruqo,a mx.= ksl=;a lsÍu u.ska jk w;r wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys
idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSug wruqo,a mx.=jla fyda lSmhla wod< rg úiska iemhsh
hq;= nj'
• wod< idudðl rgg ,efnk wruqo,a mx.= m%udKh ;SrKh jkafka ta rfÜ wd¾Ól
jeo.;alu yd wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dug ta rg odhljk m%udKh u; nj'
• ta ta rgg ysñjk wruqo,a mx.= m%udKh u; ta ta rgg ysñjk Pkao n,h;a ta ta rgg
,nd .; yels Kh m%udKh;a ;SrKh jk nj'
• 1947 j¾Ih wjidk jkúg wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,ys m%d.aOkh weußld tlai;a
ckmoh fvd,¾ ì,shk 8'8 la jQ w;r thska jeä u wruqo,a mx.= m%udKhla weußld
tlai;a ckmoh úiska ysñlrf.k ;snQ nj'
• idudðl rgg ysñ wruqo,a mx.=fjka 25] la rkaj,ska o fYaIh ta rfÜ foaYSh
uqo,aj,ska o f.úh hq;= nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, fj;ska Kh ,nd .kakd úg tlS Khg iudk w.hla
we;s foaYSh uqo,a m%udKhla wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a ;ekam;a l< hq;= w;r
wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, wkqu; l< uqo,aj,ska wod< Kh uqo, imhk nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, fj;ska ,nd .kakd Kh j¾I ;=k;a my;a w;r f.úh
hq;= w;r tu Kh wdmiq f.úh hq;af;a wkqu; l< mßj¾;Sh uqo, u.ska nj'
- 94 -
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqof,a wruqKq my; i|yka mßÈ nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H .eg¿j, § iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lsÍu iy WmfoaYk fiajd
iemhSu i|yd iaÒr wdh;khla ;=<ska wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H iyfhda.S;dj j¾Okh
lsÍu
• wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï iunr j¾Okhg;a jHdma;shg;a wjYH iydh ,nd §u
iy by< fiajd kshqla;shla o by< uQ¾; wdodhula o mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd
wjYH Wmldr lsÍu
• úksuh wkqmd;slj, ia:djrNdjhla we;s lsÍu
• j¾;k .Kqfokq iïnkaOfhka nyqmd¾Yùh f.ùï l%uhla we;s lsÍu i|yd
Wmldr lsÍu iy úfoaY úksuh iSud uq,ska Wmqgd oeóu
• idudðl rgj, úYajdih ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd wruqo,a iemhSu iy f.jqï fYaIfha
whym;a .e<mqï ksjerÈ lr .ekSu i|yd wjia:dj ,nd §u
• idudðl rgj, f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;d wvq lsÍu iy f.jqï fYaI wiu;=,s;;d
mj;sk ld,h flá lsÍu
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H wruqo, my; i|yka Kh j¾. imhk nj'
• §¾> lrk ,o wruqo,a myiqlï (Extended Fund Facilities)
• jHqyd;aul .e<mqï myiqlï (Structural Adjustment Facilities)
• mq¿,a lrk ,o jHqyd;aul myiqlï (Extended Structural Adjustment Facilities)
• jkaÈ iy wdm;sl uQ,HlrK myiqlï (Compensatory and Contengency Financial
Facilities)
• iaudrlaIl f;d. uQ,HlrK myiqlï (Buffer Stock Financing Facilities)
• f;,a Kh myiqlï (Oil Loan Facilities)
• l%uj;a mßj¾;k myiqlï (Systematic Transformation Facilities)
• weußld tlai;a ckmoh iy ì%;dkHh we;=¿ ;j;a rgj,a 42 l iyNd.S;ajfhka
weußldfõ fn%Ükajqâia k.rfha § 1944 cQ,s udifha mej;s fn%Ükajqâia iuq¿fõ
m%;sM,hla f,i 1947'03'01 Èk f,dal nexl=j (World Bank Group-WBG) msysg jQ
nj'
• fojk f,dal hqoaOfhka úkdYhg m;a rgj,a m%;sixialrKhg yd tjeks hqoaO
kej; we;sùu je<elaùu" wd¾Ól mqk¾Ôjkhla we;s lsÍu hk wruqKq idlaId;a
lr .ekSug tlai;a cd;Skaf.a uqo,a yd uQ,H lghq;= iuq¿j .;a ;SrKhl m%;sM,hla
f,i f,dal nexl=j (WBG) msysg jQ nj'
- 95 -
• f,dal nexl=fõ m%Odk wruqK jkqfha idudðl rgj, È.=ld,Sk ixj¾Okh i|yd
wdOdr iemhSu nj'
• m%;sixialrKh yd ixj¾Okh ms<sn| wka;¾cd;sl nexl=j (International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development-IBRD) fyj;a f,dal nexl=fõ (World Bank Group-
WBG) wdrïNl idudðl rgj,A 28 la jQ w;r 2004 jir wjidkfha §
tys idudðl rgj,a 177 la jQ nj'
• f,dal nexl=j i|yd wruqo,a imhd we;af;a tys idudðl rgj,a nj'
• wka;¾cd;sl uQ,H ixia:dj (International Finance Cooperation - IFC) iy
wka;¾cd;sl ixj¾Ok ix.uh (International Development Association - IDA) f,dal
nexl=jg wkqnoaê; wdh;k fol jk w;r f,dal nexl=j iy fuu wdh;k f,dal
nexl=uq¿j (World Bank Group-WBG) f,i y÷kajk nj'
• f,dal nexl=fõ uQ,sl mrud¾: my; oelafjk nj'
• idudðl rgj, ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd wdfhdack myiqlï iemhSu u.ska
tajdfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu
• ,sys,a fldkafoais hgf;a úfoaY m%d.aOkh idudðl rgj,g fkd,efnk úg
úfoaY fm!oa.,sl wdfhdack Èß.ekaùu i|yd myiqlï yd wjia:d we;s lsÍu
• fm!oa.,sl wdfhdackj,g wu;r j nexl=fõ wruqo,a o fjk;a ud¾.j,ska ,nd
.kakd wruqo,a o Ndú; lrñka idudðl rgj, M,odhS ksIamdok lghq;= i|yd
È.=ld,Sk Kh iemhSu
• idudðl rgj,g ld¾ñl iy Ys,amSh Wmfoia fiajd ,nd §u
• idudðl rgj, ksIamdok iïm;a j¾Okh lr .ekSu wka;¾cd;sl wdfhdack
Èß.ekaùu ;=<ska wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|dfï iunr j¾Okhla we;s lsÍu
• YS% ,xldjg f,dal nexl=fjka ie,fik fiajd j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• wjYH úfoaY úksuh" iykodhS fldkafoais hgf;a Kh f,i iemhSu
• ;dlaIKh" Ys,amSh l%u iy ld¾ñl {dkh hkdÈh ÈhqKq lr .ekSu i|yd
wkq.%yh ,nd §u
• úfoaY wdfhdack f.kajd .ekSu i|yd wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd §u
• ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd wjYH jHdmD;s ie,iqï lsÍug;a tajdfha
lghq;= wëlaIKh lsÍug;a f,dal nexl= úfYaI{hkaf.a iyfhda.h ,nd §u
• f.da,ShlrKh .uka u.g msúiSu i|yd wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd §u
• f,dal fjf<|fmdf<a § uqyqKmEug isÿjk wjdisodhl ;;a;aj iukh lr
.ekSu i|yd wjYH wdOdr iemhSu
- 96 -
• f,dal m%cdj iu. hym;a iïnkaO;d f.dvk.d .ekSu i|yd iyfhda.h
oelaùu
• jHqyd;aul .eg¿ úi|d .ekSu i|yd wjYH úfYaI{ oekqu ,nd §u
• kj wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s ls%hd;aul lsÍug wjYH iyfhda.h §u
• YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd f,dal nexl= m%cdj úiska
È.=ld,Sk Kh iemhQ m%Odk wxY j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• lDIsld¾ñl yd .%dóh ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s
• n,Yla;s jHdmD;s
• wOHdmkh
• l¾udka; wxYh
• fi!LH yd fmdaIKh
• .ukd.ukh yd m%jdykh
• iq¿ yd uOH mßudK jHdmdr
• kd.ßl ixj¾Okh
• c, iemhqu
• W;=re kef.kysr wj;eka jQjka kej; k.d isgqùu
- 97 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'11 ( ixj¾Okh fjñka mj;sk rgj,g f.da,ShlrKfhka
we;sjk n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• f.da,ShlrKh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• f.da,ShlrKfha m%Odk ,laIK bÈßm;a lrhs'
• f.da,ShlrKfha .dul n,fõ. úia;r lrhs'
• f.da,ShlrKhg mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l bÈßm;a lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• úfoaY fjf<|du" úfoaY wdfhdackh yd úfoaY ;dlaIKh hkd § lreKq u.ska
rgj,a f,dal wd¾Ólhg taldnoaOùu iy wd¾Ólh h<s;a újD;ùï f.da,ShlrKh
f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'
• f.da,ShlrKfha uQ,sldx. my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• kj fjf<|fmd<j,a ìysùu
• kj WmlrK we;sùu
• kj f,dal wdh;k yd ixúOdk we;sùu
• kj kS;sÍ;s ìysùu
• f.da,ShlrK ;=<ska f,dal wd¾Ólfha wfkHdakH /¢hdj ;Sj% jk nj'
• f.da,ShlrKh u.ska fjf<| yd uQ,H m%jdyhkaf.a j¾Okhla isÿjk nj'
• f.da,ShlrK u.ska ksIamdok ls%hdj,sh cd;Hka;rlrKh jk nj'
• f.da,ShlrKh u.ska Y%uh cd;Hka;r ixp,kh jk nj'
• ft;sydisl ls%hdj,shla f,i f.da,ShlrKfha úúO isoaOdka; my; oelafjk nj'
• 1870 .Kkaj, isg 1920 .Kka olajd f,dal fjf<|dfï úYd, j¾Okhla
yg.ekSu
• fojk f,dal hqoaOh wjika ù 1945 ka miqj f,dal fjf<| m%jdyhkaf.a úYd,
j¾Okhla olakg ,eîu
• 1980 .Kka wjidk Nd.fhka miqj f.da,ShlrKfha ;j;a /,a,la j¾Okh ùu
• f.da,ShlrKfha m%Odk ,laIK my; oelafjk nj'
• oeä wka;¾ mrdh;a;Ndjh
• fjf<| yd uQ,H m%jdyhkaf.a YS>% j¾Okh
• ksIamdok ls%hdj,s cd;Hka;rlrKh
- 98 -
• Y%uh cd;Hka;r jYfhka ixp,kh ùu
• rgj,a wd¾Ól jYfhka taldnoaO ùu
• f.da,ShlrKfha .dul n,fõ. my; mßÈ nj'
• m%jdyk lafIa;%fha j¾Okh
• ;dlaIKfha j¾Okh
• f.da,Sh uQ,H fjf<|fmd<j, kshdukyrKh
• rgj,a w;r idfmalaI jdis fjkiaùu
• nyq cd;sl iud.ï ksIamdokfha úúO ls%hdj,Ska úúO rgj, ia:dk.; lsÍu
• wdrlaIKjd§ m%;sm;a;s bj;a lsÍu
• mßudKdkql+, msßueiqï
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï
• f.da,ShlrKfha jdis i|yd ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• f,dalfha fjf<| mßudj by< hdu
• ksIamdokh yd wdodhï by< hdu
• /lS rlaId wjia:d jeäùu
• iDcq úfoaY wdfhdack jeäùu
• kj ;dlaIKh Wreu ùu
• úúO NdKav mßfNdackh i|yd wjia:dj ie,iSu
• ksIamdokfha ;r.ldÍ;ajh jeäùu ksid .=Kd;aul ksIamdok ìysùu
• f;dr;=re .,d hdu ld¾hlaIu ùu
• f.da,ShlrKfha wjdis i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• cd;Hka;r jYfhka wdodhï úIu;d mq¿,a ùu
• mdßißl .eg¿
• foaYSh wd¾Ól l%uj, iaffjÍ;ajhg ;¾ck mek ke.Su
• ixialD;sl úúO;ajh jekiS hdu
• uQ,H fjf<|fmd< wia:dhS;djla yg .ekSu ksid wd¾Ól w¾nqo yg .ekSu
• foaYSh ksIamdok lafIa;%j, miqnEu iy /lSrlaId wjia:d wysñùu
• cd;Hka;r ;%ia;jdoh$ fi!LH .eg¿
• f.da,ShlrKfha jdis iy wjdis wkqj f.da,ShlrKhg mlaI j yd úmlaI j ;¾l
bÈßm;a ù we;s nj'
- 99 -
ksmqK;dj 11 ( ixj¾Okfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aul j ú.%y lrñka ;sridr
ixj¾Okhg odhlùfu we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'1 ( wd¾Ól j¾Okfha jeo.;alu w.hñka wd¾Ól j¾Okhg bjy,a
jk idOl úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• th ;SrKh lrk idOl fmkajhs'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha jeo.;alu w.hhss'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh ñkqï lr bÈßm;a lrhs'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh;a iu. wd¾Ól jHqyh fjkiajk wdldrh fmkajd fohs'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjehla we;s nj ksoiqka weiqfrka fmkajd fohs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• wd¾Ól jDoaêh hkq uQ¾; o< cd;sl ksIamdokfhys wLKav j¾Okhùula jk w;r
wd¾Ólfha ksIamdok úNj;djfhys È.= ld,Sk m%idrKhla fuhska ms<sônq lrk
nj'
• fuu.ska wd¾Ólfhys NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokh ms<sn| m%udKd;aul fjkiaùula
ms<sônq lrk nj'
• wd¾Ól jDoaêh yd wd¾Ól j¾Ok wkqmd;slh w;r meyeÈ,s fjkila olakg
;sfnk nj'
• wdodhï úIu;d" oßø;dj iy ú/lshdj hk m%Yakhka ys wvqjeä uÜgu ;SrKh
lsÍfuys ,d wd¾Ól jDoaêh o ie,lsh hq;= whqßka n,mEï lrk nj'
• wd¾Ól jDoaêhg fya;= my; i|yka mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• iïm;a iïNdrh by< kexùu
• fN!;sl m%d.aOkh
• udkj m%d.aOkh
• iajNdúl m%d.aOkh
• iudc m%d.aOkh
• M,odhS;djh by< kexùu
• ;dlaIKh
• udkj m%d.aOkh
• wd¾Ól ia:dhs;dj
• foaYmd,k ia:djrNdjh
• hymd,kh
- 100 -
• wd¾Ól jDoaêh iïnkaO úúO kHdh mj;sk nj'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh ueksh yels nj
• wd¾Ól j¾Okhla iu. wd¾Ól jHqyh fjkiajk nj'
ksoiqka (-
• lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg jvd ld¾ñl wxYh jeo.;a jk w;r jvd;a u
jeo.;a wxYh njg fiajd wxYh m;ajk nj
• wd¾Ól j¾Okhla isÿjk úg wdodhï uÜgï jeäùu ;=<ska" wdodhï
b,a¨ï kuH;djh u; ksIamdokfha jHqyd;aul fjkialï isÿjk nj
• wd¾Ól jDoaêfha jdis my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• by< Ôjk ;;a;ajhla ,nd .; yelsúg È<s÷lu wvq lsÍu
• wdodhu by< hdu
• jHdmdrj,g by< ,dN w;alr .; yelsùu
• fiajd kshqla;sh by< hdu
• jHdmdßl úYajikSh;ajh by< hdu
• whjeh ysÕh wvqùu
• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha msßjeh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• WoaOukhla we;s ùfï wjodku
• ksIamdokh yd mßfNdackh by< hdu ;=<ska mßirhg wys;lr f,i
n,mEu
• wdodhï yd Ok jHdmD;s úIu;d
• m%dfoaYSh úIu;d
• ;sridr ixj¾Okhg ydkslr ùu
• mßir ydhkh
• by< wdodhï ,nk rgla f,i j¾.SlrKh ùu ksid udkj iqNidOkh kexùu
Wfoid ,efnk cd;Hka;r iyfhda.h wysñùu'
- 101 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'2 ( wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shl .=Kdx. yd th uekSu ú.%y
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh hkak w¾:l;kh lrhs'
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sh ;=< ;sìh hq;= .=Kdx. kï lrhs'
• ixj¾Okh uekSfï o¾Yl kï lrñka meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh hkq ñksia Ôú;fha wd¾Ól ;;a;ajh iy .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh
by< hdula jk w;r th fjkiaùï ls%hdj,shla nj'
• wd¾Ól ixj¾OkfhaoS wd¾Ól jDoaêh;a iu. iudÔh" foAYmd,k" mdrißl iy
ixialD;sl wxYj, oshQKqjla we;sjk nj'
• fuf,i wxY lsysmhl fjkia ùula we;sjk ksid wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh nyqudk
(Multi dimensional) ls%hdj,shla nj'
• wd¾Ól jDoaêfhka ms<sônq lrkqfha wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,sfha m%udKd;aul
me;slvla jk w;r Bg wu;r j wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha .=Kd;aul me;slvla o
olakg ,efnk nj'
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd wd¾Ól jDoaêh;a iu. my; i|yka fldkafoais bgqúh
hq;= nj'
• wd¾Ólfha ksIamdok wxYhka ys jHqyd;aul fjkialï yg.ekSu
• ksIamdok iïm;aj, M,odhl;ajh by< hdu
• ksIamdok l%u Ys,am yd ;dlaIKh Wiia ùu
• kùlrKh ùu
• wd¾Ól j¾Okfha m%;s,dN by< isg my<g .,d f.dia rfgys mj;sk
ÿ.S nj wvqùu" ú/lshdj wvqùu yd wdodhï úIu;dj ke;sùu
• wd¾Ólfha ixj¾Okh uekSug iy ixhqla; o¾Yl fhdod.kakd nj'
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha tla tla wxY j, m%.;sh fjkafjka jYfhka uekSug ;ks
o¾Yl fhdod.kakd nj'
ksoiqka (-
• tal mqoa., o< foaYsh ksIamdokh
• idfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh
• wdhq wfmalaIKh
• idlaIr;d wkqmd;h
• ðKs ix.+Klh
• Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;ajh wkqmd;h
- 102 -
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okfha iuiA; m%.;sh uekSug ixhqla; o¾Yl fhdod.kakd w;r
;ks o¾Yl lsysmhla fhdodf.k ixhqla; o¾Yl ilia lr we;s nj'
ksoiqka (
• fN!;sl Ôjk ;;a;aj o¾Ylh
• udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh
• tal mqoa.,hl=g rfÜ ksuejqfuka ysñjk m%udKh tal mqoa., o< foaYSh
ksIamdokfhka ueksh yels nj'
• tal mqoa., o< foaYsh ksIamdokfhka ixj¾Okfha iEu wxYhlau ksfhdackh
fkdjk ksid wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh uekSug mßmq¾K ñKqula fkdjk nj'
• ixj¾Okh uekSfï ,d wd¾Óluh o¾Ylhkag w;sf¾l j iudÔh ks¾Kdhlhka
o taldnoaO fldg jvd mßmQ¾K ixj¾Ok o¾Ylhka uE; ld,fhaoS y¥kajd oS we;s
nj'
' • wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j kj w¾:l;khlska fN!;sl Ôjk ;;a;aj o¾Ylh
ks¾udKh lrwe;s nj'
• fuu o¾Ylhg my; i|yka ks¾Kdhl we;=<;a jk nj'
• jhi wjqreÿ tflaoS wdhq wfmalAIdj
• <ore urK wkqmd;slh
• idlaIr;djh
• by; ks¾Kdhl wkqj o¾Ylhg ,efnk w.h 100g wdikak rfÜ Ôjk ;;a;ajh
by< uÜgul mj;sk w;r o¾Ylhg ,efnk w.h 0 g wdikak rfÜ Ôjk
;;a;ajh my< uÜgul mj;sk nj'
• tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevms<sfj, u.ska 1990 oS udkj ixj¾Ok o¾Ylh
y÷kajd ÿka nj'
• fuhg wod< o¾Yl ;=kla mj;sk nj'
• Wmf;a § wdhq wfmalaIKh
• jeäysá idlaIr;d wkqmd;h iy mdi,aj,g we;=<;a ùfï wkqmd;h
• tal mqoa., wdodhu
- 103 -
• udkj ixj¾Okh wkqj my; mßÈ rgj,a fnod fjka lrk nj'
• b;d by< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'900 iy Bg jeä
• by< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'800 - 0'899
• uOHu udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'500 - 0'799
• my< udkj ixj¾Okh iys; rgj,a - 0'000 - 0'499
• 2009 j¾Ifha udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;djg wkqj f,dalfha by< udkj ixj¾Okhla
fmkakqï l< rgj,a jQfha fkda¾fõ" ´iafÜ%,shdj" whsia,ka;h" lekvdj iy
wh¾,ka;h nj'
• wvqu udkj ixj¾Okhla fmkakqï l< rgj,a jQfha ud,s" uOHu wms%ldkq
iuqydKavqj" ishrd,sfhdka" we*a.ksia:dkh yd khs.¾ nj'
• 2009 j¾Ifha udkj ixj¾Ok jd¾;djg wkqj Y%S ,xldfõ w.h 0'759la nj'
(ixj¾Okh uekSfï o¾Ylj,g wod< ld,Sk f;dr;=re ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a
lrkak')
- 104 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'3 ( ixj¾Okfha úúO;ajh ;=,kd;aulj ú.%y lrñka ;sridr
ixj¾Okh w.h lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj (
bf.kqï M, (
• f,dal nexl= j¾.SlrKhkag wkqj wd¾Ól j¾.lr we;s wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wfkl=;a j¾.SlrKhkag wkqj wd¾Ól j¾.lr we;s wdldrhkag ksoiqka bÈßm;a
lrhs'
• ixj¾Okh ms<sn| j cd;Hka;r úúO;ajh meyeÈ,s lrñka thg fya;= bÈßm;a
lrhs'
• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amh w¾: olajñka tys jeo.;alu w.h hs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh o" iudc ixj¾Okh o" mßir wdrlaIKh o ;=<ska w;alr
.kakd ÈhqKqj Ñria:dhS ixj¾Okh fyj;a ;sridr ixj¾Okh nj'
• j¾;udkfha ;sridr ixj¾Ok m%fõYhg rgj,a wj;S¾K ùug fya;= my;
oelafjk nj'
• mßir iqrlaIs;;dj we;s lsÍu
• iajdNdúl iïm;a wdrlaId lsÍu
• mdßißl iïm;a Ndú;h yd iajdNdúl isÿjk Wmøjhka o ;sridr ixj¾Ok
m%fõYhg n,mEï t,a, lrk w;r tAjdg ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• iajNdj O¾ufhka ,eî we;s iïm;a bjla njla ke;sj Ndú; lsÍu
• jdhqf.da,fha WIaK;ajh by< hdu
• ysu l÷ Èh ùu
• foaY.=K úm¾hdi
• ´fidaka ia:rh isÿre ùu
• jkdka;r lemSu
• c,h ¥IKh ùu
• ;sridr ixj¾Okh i|yd wjYH flfrk m%d.aOkh iajrEm my;
oelafjk nj'
• fN!;sl m%d.aOkh
• udkj m%d.aOkh
• iajNdúl m%d.aOkh
• iudc m%d.aOkh
- 105 -
• iajNdúl iïm;a laIh ùu o mßirhg ydks meñKSu o wju lsÍu i|yd
rgj,a wka;¾ cd;sl jYfhka o foaYSh jYfhka o úúO jevigyka ls%hd;aul
lsÍu wdrïN lr we;s w;r tAjdg ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• ´fidaka ia:rhg ydks f.k fok laf,dafrda *af,dard ldnka jdhq Ndú;h
;ykï lsÍu
• fmd,s;Ska Ndú;h iSud lsÍu
• l¾udka;Yd,dj,ska isÿjk mßir ydks je<elaùu i|yd kS;s mekùu
• fudag¾ r:j,ska msgjk ÿï md,kh lsÍu
• j¾;udk mrmqr N=la;s ú¢k iïm;a ta wdldrfhkau wkd.; mrmqrg N=la;s ú£ug
we;s whs;sh wysñ fkdjk f,i" j¾;udk mrmqrg <Õdúh yels m%Yia; ixj¾Ok
uÜgu OrKSh ixj¾Okh fyj;a ;sridr ixj¾Okh nj'
• rgl wkd.; ÈhqKqj;a ñksiqkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajfha .=Kd;aul nj;a ;SrKh jkafka
mßirfha .=Kd;aulNdjh wkqj nj'
• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amh u.ska W;aidy orkafka wd¾Ól j¾Okh o" iajNdúl
iïm;aj, j¾Okh o" mßirh o hk tajdfha iunr;djhla we;s lsÍu nj'
• ;sridr ixj¾Ok m%fõYfha § udkj ixj¾Okfha wjYH;djh o wjOdrKh l<
hq;= nj'
• ;sridr ixj¾Okhla we;s ùu i|yd wxY ;=kl ÈhqKqjla n,mdk ksid tajd ;sridr
ixj¾Okfha l=¨Kq f,i y÷kajk w;r tajd my; ±lafjk nj'
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh
• iudc ixj¾Okh
• mßir wdrlaIKh
• fuu l=¿Kq ;=k w;r wka;¾ /¢hdjla fuka u wka;¾ iïnkaO;djla o mj;sk
nj'
- 106 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'4 ( wdodhï úIu;dj uekSug fhdod .kakd iïu; l%u mÍlaId
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj (
bf.kqï M, (
• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh w¾: olajhs'
• wdodhï jHdma;sfha mj;sk úúO iajrEm bÈßm;a lrhs'
• wdodhï jHdma;sh uekSu i|yd fhdod .kakd ñkqï rEm igyka weiqßka meyeÈ,s
lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh mj;sk ´kE u iudchl wdodhï wvq yd wdodhï jeä f,i
mka;s fNaohla mj;sk nj'
• fuh wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh f,i y÷kajk nj'
• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh wju lsÍu idOdrK;ajh f,i i,lk nj'
• rgl iuia; ksIamdokh fn§ hdu wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh u; isÿjk nj'
• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djfha iajrEm folla mj;sk nj'
• idfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh
• ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHma;sh
• idfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh hkq uq¿ wdodhu l=gqïN w;r fn§ f.dia we;s wdldrh
oelaùu nj'
• uq¿ l=gqïN ixLHdfjka wvqu wdodhï ,nk m%;sY;hg yd by< u wdodhï ,nk
m%;sY;hg wkqj wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;djh ;SrKh l< yels nj'
• idfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sfha iajNdjh f,darkaia jl%h u.ska oelaúh yels nj'
• f,darkaia jl%h my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj
• f,darkaia jl%h iu wdodhï jHma;s f¾Ldjg <xjk ;rug wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djh
wvqjk nj'
wdodhï jHdm a; sh
l=gqïn m%;sY;h
X
Y
- 107 -
X
X+Y
• f,darkaia jl%h iu wdodhï jHma;s f¾Ldfjka wE;ajk úg wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djh
jeäjk nj'
• f,darkaia jl%fhka ksrEmKh jk jHdma;s úIu;djfha ;ru ðks ix.=Klh uÕska
uek ±laúh yels nj'
• ðks ix.=Klh ukskq ,nkafka j,ska nj'
• ðks ix.=Klh 1g <xjkúg wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;dj jeäjk nj'
• ðKs ix.=Klh 0g <xjkúg wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;dj wvqjk nj'
• ðKs ix.=Klh 0g <xjkafka wdodhï jHma;s úIu;djhla fkdue;súg nj'
• rgl wdodhï mrdij,g fjkalr ta tla tla wdodhï mrdihkag .efkk ck
ixLHd m%;sY; jYfhka m%ldY lsÍu ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh nj'
• oßø;d bug my<ska isák ck;dj ksrfmalaI wdodhï jHdma;sh wkqj ÿmam;=ka nj'
- 108 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'5 ( oßø;d ixl,amh ú.%y lrñka th ñkqï lrk whqre olajhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• ksrfmalaI yd idfmalaI oßø;djfha fjki y÷kd.kshs'
• oßø;djfha me;slv fol m%ldY lrhs'
• cd;sl oßø;d bu yd cd;Hka;r oßø;d bu ú.%y lrhs'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh y÷kajhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• oßø;djh úúO ixl,am Tiafia ks¾jpkh flfrk nj'
• wju le,ß m%udKh ,nd fok wdydr øjH we;=¿ uQ,sl wjYH;d ,nd .ekSugj;a
m%udKj;a wdodhula fkd,nkafka kï th ksrfmalaI oßø;djh nj'
• wdodhï jHdma;sfha úIu;djh fya;=fjka we;sjkafka idfmalaI oßø;djh nj'
• oßø;djfha me;slv folla mj;sk nj'
• wdodhï oßø;djh
• mßfNdack oßø;djh
• uQ,sl Ôjk wjYH;d we;=<;a wju mßfNdack uÜgula r|jd .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a
uÜgul wdodhula Wmhd .ekSug yelshdjla fkdue;slu uQ,sl oßø;djh nj'
• mqoa., Ôú;fha .=Kd;aul ;;a;ajh yd Ôjk ;;a;ajh úoyd olajk jeäysá
idlaIr;djh" Ôjk ;;a;ajh iy mdi,a wOHdmkh ,enQ j¾I .Kk hk ks¾Kdhl
mokï j oßø;djh i,ld ne,Su isÿlrk nj'
• tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkfha ks¾jpkhg wkqj ksoyi" wd;au .re;ajh yd wkHhka
f.a ie,ls,a, N=la;s ú¢ñka fi!LH iïmkak j yd i;=gqodhl Ôjk ;;a;ajhla
.; lsÍug iu;a udkj ixj¾Okhla i|yd bv m%ia;d yd f;aÍï wysñ ù .sh
;;a;ajh udkj oßø;djh nj'
• meje;aug yd hym;a ls%hdldÍ;ajhg wjYH lrk wdydr yd wdydr fkdjk wfkl=;a
wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd oeÍug isÿjk wju úhou cd;sl oßø;d bu nj'
^ld,hg wkqj oßø;d bu ,nd Èh yelsh'&
• ta wkqj mqoa.,hl=f.a Èkl wdodhu wefursldkq fvd,¾ 1'08 my< oßø;d f¾Ldj
f,iska tal mqoa., wdodhu wefursldkq fvd,¾ 2'15 hk iudc by< oßø;d l%u
f,i;a w¾: olajk nj' ^fuu iSudj ld,Skj fjkia fõ'&
• rgl ck.ykfha fld;rï mssßila oßø;d bug jvd wvq wdodhula Wmhkjd o
hkak oßø;djh ms<sn| b;d ir, ñkqï oKavla nj'
- 109 -
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh (HPI) tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixj¾Ok jevigyk úiska 1997
j¾IfhaoS y÷kajd fok ,oaola nj'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh iajrEm fol my; oelafjk nj'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh - 1 (HPI-1)
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh - 2 (HPI-2)
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh 1 fhduq ù we;af;a ixj¾Okh jk rgj, oßø;dj uekSu
ioyd nj'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Yl 2 fhduq ù we;af;a ixj¾ê; rgj, oßø;dj uekSu ioyd nj'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Yl foflys ks¾Kdhlhka fjkia jk nj'
• udkj oßø;d o¾Ylh wjOdkh fhduq lrkqfha ksrfmalaI oßø;djfha m%udKh
uekSu nj'
(oßø;djh uekSfï o¾Ylj,g wod< ld,Sk f;dr;=re ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak')
- 110 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'6 ( YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh yd th wju lsÍug f.k we;s m%h;ak
w.h hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;d uÜgï y÷kajhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djfha m%dfoaYSh fjkialïj,g fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djhg fya;= jQ lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh wju lr .ekSug ls%hd ud¾. fhdackd lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• YS% ,xldfõ wdodhï$ mßfNdack oßø;djh my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• tal mqoa., oßø;d lvbu weia;fïka;= lsÍu i|yd YS% ,xldfõ jeäysá iy
;reK wvq ( 20-30& mqoa.,hl= i|yd Èklg le,ß 2030 la ,nd fok fmdaIHodhl
wdydrm%udKhla mßfNdack lrk úg jehjk udisl úhou mokï lr .kakd
nj'
• óg wu;r j wdydr fkdjk w;HjYH mßfNdack øjH i|yd lrkq ,nk
^wOHdmk" fi!LH iy ksjdi& úhoï o moku jk nj'
• ta wkqj 2000$07 YS% ,xldfõ cd;sl oßø;d f¾Ldj uilg remsh,a 2233 la nj'
• 2010 ckjdß udifha uilg remsh,a 3070 la jk nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;djh l%ufhka wvqjk nj'
• kd.ßl yd .%dóh wxYfha oßø;djh o l%ufhka wvqjk nj'
• kd.ßl wxYhg idfmalaI j .%dóh yd j;= wxYh oßø;djh jeä nj'
• oßø;djhg fya;= my; mßÈ bÈßm;a l< yels nj'
• m%dfoaYSh úIu;d ;=< .%dóh m%foaY wdka;slrKh ùug fya;=
• fN!;sl yd iudÔh há;, myiqlïj, W!k ixj¾Okh
• iïm;a yd fjf<|fmd< myiqlïj, W!k;d
• lDIsl¾uhg we;s bv m%ia;d ySkùu
• wd¾Ól jDoaêfha m%;s,dN wvq wdodhï ,nk .%dóh fldgi lrd .,d fkdhdu
• YS% ,xldfõ oßø;dj wvq lsÍug my; oelafjk ls%hdud¾. fhdackd l< yels nj'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wdrlaIl jDoaêhla u.ska wd¾Ól wjYH;d mq¿,a lsÍu
• È<s÷ ck;dj iún,lrKhg moku .;ùu
• È<s÷ ckfldgia iqrlaIs; lsÍu i|yd cd;sl ls%hdud¾. ;yjqre lsÍu
- 111 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'7 ( wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd oßø;djh w;r iïnkaO;dj ú.%y lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh yd oßø;dj w;r iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól jDoaê jevigyka ksoiqka iys; j fmkajhs'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s ksoiqka iys; j fmkajhs'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;ldó j¾Okhla <Õdlr .ekSug mshjrhka fhdackd
lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• È<s÷ ck;djf.a wdodhï by< kexùfuys ,d jvd;a ld¾hlaIu wkaoñka odhl jk
iy ÿmam;=kag ys;lr jk mßÈ wdodhï fn§ hdfï fjkila we;s lrk jDoaê
ls%hdj,sh È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêh f,i ye¢kaúh yels nj'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaê wdldr follg ueksh yels nj'
• ksrfmalaI j
• idfmalaI j
• ksrfmalaI j uksk úg ÿmam;a whf.a wdodhfï ksrfmalaI jeäùulg bjy,a jk
jDoaê ls%hdj,shla wfmalaId lrk nj'
• idfmalaI j uksk úg ÿmam;a fkdjk whf.a idudkH wdodhu jeäjk m%udKhg
jvd jeä m%udKhlska ÿmam;a whf.a idudkH wdodhu by< hdug ;=vq fok jDoaê
ls%hdj,shla wfmalaId lrk nj'
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêhla <Õdlr .ekSu i|yd rch uE;ld,Sk j f.k we;s
ls%hdud¾.j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• .%dóh È<s÷lug ms<shï f,i iuDoaê §ukd 50] lska jeä lsÍu
• jHjidhl;aj ixj¾Ok fhdackd we;s lsÍu i|yd ck mqnqÿj" .eñÈßh iy Tiq
.ïudk ls%hd;aul lsÍu
• .%dóh fmdÿ ld¾h ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu i|yd u. ke.=u" .u ke.=u"
.eñ mqnqÿj iy .%dóh úÿ,sn, jHdmD;s ls%hd;aul lsÍu
• m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok fhdackd l%u f,i rcrg kfjdaoh" mqnqouq fj,a,iai"
fikalv., Wodkh iy W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Okh jeks fhdackd l%u
• lDIsld¾ñl ixj¾Okh we;s lsÍu i|yd fmdfydr iykdOdrh ,nd oSu" ù
i|yd iy;sl ñ, jeä lsrSu iy lsß .ïudk we;s lsÍu
- 112 -
• iQlaIu" iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd rg mqrd l¾udka;
Yd,d 300 la bÈ lsÍu" ,xld mq;% jevigyk" keKi, jevigyk" cd;sl
jHjidhl nexl=j iy iqlaIu fiajd l%u ls%hd;aul lsÍu
• Wiia wOHdmk yd myiqlï ms<sn| úIu;d wvq lsÍu i|yd .ug ;dlaIKh
f.k hk úoHd ;dlaIK iïm;a uOHia:dk msysgqùu" W!j fj,a,iai
úYaj úoHd,h iy id.r úYaj úoHd,h ia:dms; lsÍu
• È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr jDoaêhla <Õd lr .ekSug wkq.ukh l< yels wd¾Ól
m%;sm;a;suh ls%hdud¾. my; mßÈ y÷kd.; yels nj'
m%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;shm%;sm;a;sh
1' id¾j wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s
2' wdxYsl m%;sm;a;s
3' m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s
4' mqk¾ jHdma;s m%;sm;a;s
ls %hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.hls%hdud¾.h
• WoaOukh md,kh lsÍu
• f;dard .;a lafIa;% muKla ksoyia fjf<|dug
újD; lsÍu
• lDIsld¾ñl m%;sixialrK
• udkj m%d.aOk ixj¾Okh
• fi!LH myiqlï mq¿,a lsÍu
• ldka;djka iún, .ekaùu
• ÿ.S ck fldgia jeä jYfhka uOH.; jQ
m%foaYj,g jDoaê ls%hdj,sh úuOH.; lsÍu
• ÿmam;a ck;dj wdodhï bmehSug yels jHdmD;s
we;sjk wdldrhg iy ÿmam;a ck;dj fiajd
kshqla;s bv m%ia:d i|yd <xùug yelsjk
whqßka m%;sm;a;s ieliSu
(ld,Sk jYfhka isÿ lrkq ,nk È<s÷ ck;djg ys;lr wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;suh ls%hdud¾.
ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak')
- 113 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'8 ( YS% ,xldfõ ck.yk jHdma;sh yd tys m%;súmdl úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• ck.ykh hk ixl,amh w¾: olajhs'
• ck.yk j¾Okh fõ.h yd tys ;Srl y÷kajhs'
• ck.yk jHdma;sh fjkiaùï yd tys wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ú.%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• iajNdúl j¾Okh;a" Y=oaO ixl%uKh;a fya;=fjka ck.yk j¾Okh isÿjk nj'
• ckixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;sl fhdod f.k ck ixLHdj ukskq ,nk nj'
• fmr j¾Ihg idfmalaI j j¾;udk j¾Ifha ck.ykh jeä ù we;s wkaou ck
ixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;fhka uek oelafjk nj'
• ck ixLHd j¾Ok wkqmd;slh l%u follg .Kkh l< yels nj'
• hï j¾Ihla ;=< we;sjk Wm;a o" urK o w;r fjki iajNdúl j¾Ok
wkqmd;h f,i y÷kajk nj'
• iajNdúl j¾Okfha YS>%;dj ukskq ,nkafka" iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h u.ska
nj'
• iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h .Kkh lrkq ,nkafka hï j¾Ihl Wm;a yd urK
w;r fjki uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka fn§fuka nj'
ck ixLHd j¾Okwkqmd;h
o< Wm;a - o< urK + Y=oaO ixl%uK=
100
iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h Wm;a ixLHdj - urK ixLHdj=
ck ixLHdfõ j¾Okwkqmd;h
iajNdúl j¾Okwkqmd;h
Y=oaO ixl%uKwkqmd;h
= + x100
1000
iajNdúl j¾Okwkqmd;h
Wm;a ixLHdj - urK ixLHdj=
uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx100%
iajNdúl j¾Okwkqmd;h
Wm;a wkqmd; - urK wkqmd;=
1000x100%
- 114 -
• iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h Ok w.hla .kakdúg ck.ykh jeäùula o iajNdúl
j¾Ok wkqmd;h RK w.hla .kakd úg ck.ykh wvqùula o isÿjk nj'
• j¾Ihla ;=< rgl we;sjk Wm;a ixLHdj uek olajk ñkqu o< Wm;a wkqmd;h
nj'
• ksYaÑ; j¾Ihl uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka ta j¾Ih ;=< oyilg isÿjk urK
ixLHdj fn§fuka o< urK wkqmd;h .Kkh l< yels nj'
• <ore urK wkqmd;h my; mßÈ .Kkh lrk nj'
• rgl ck.ykfha isák ia;S% ixLHdjg wkql+, j isák msßñ ixLHdj oelafjk
wkqmd;slh tu ia;S% ixLHdfjka tla oyilg olajk m%udKh mqñ;sß wkqmd;h
nj'
• miq.sh jir 25 ld,h ;=< YS% ,xldfõ ck.ykfha isÿ ù we;s fjkiaùï my;
mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• ck ixLHd j¾Ok fõ.h ie,lsh hq;= f,i wvqùu
• uE; j¾Ij, § Y=oaO ixl%uK" ck.yk j¾Okh flfrys n,mdk jeo.;a
idOlhla ùu
• ck ixLHdj 1981 ,laI 148 isg 2007 ,laI 200 la olajd ,laI 52 lska
jeä ùu
• jhia jHqyfha fjkila olakg ,eîu
• <ud m%;sY;h wvqùu
• jev l< yels jhfia ck ixLHdj wvqùu
• jhia.; ck.ykh jeäùu
• <ore urK wkqmd;h wvqùu
• iajNdúl j¾Okh wvqùu
o< Wm;a wkqmd;hiÔù Wm;a ixLHdj
=
uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx1000
mqñ;sßwkqmd;h
rg ;=< isá msßñ ixLHdj=
rg ;=< isák .eyeKq ixLHdjx1000
o< urK wkqmd;hjd¾Isl urK ixLHdj
=
uOH jd¾Isl ck.ykhx1000
<ore urKwkqmd;h
j¾Ih ;=< jhi wjq' 1g wvqfjkañh hk ixLHdj
=iÔù ore Wm;a ixLHdj
x 1000
- 115 -
jevl< yels jhfia ck ixLHdj
• hemqï wkqmd;
• jhia.; hemqï wkqmd;
• <ud hemqï wkqmd;
o< Wm;a wkqmd;h o< urK wkqmd;h
<ore urK wkqmd;h
ud;D urK wkqmd;h
ck.yk j¾Ok wkqmd;h
Y=oaO ixl%uK wkqmd;h
ck.ykhck.ykhck.ykhck.ykhck.ykh
ck.yk j¾Okh 1000 m%;sY;hla
f,i fmkaùu
ú.ukwd.uk
wd.uk yd ú.uk w;r fjki
uOH jd¾Isl ck ixLHdfjka
1000 lg fldmuKoehs fmkaùu
urK ixLHdj u¾;H;djWm;a ixLHdj
iajNdúl j¾Okh" uOH
jd¾Isl ck.ykfha
m%;sY;hla f,i fmkaùu
iajNdúl j¾Ok wkqmd;h
ck.ykh jhia.; ùu
Y=oaO ixl%uK
ck.yk j¾Okh
iajNdúl j¾Okh +
-
- 116 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'9 ( YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh .Kkh lrk whqre olajhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• Y%u n,ldh w¾: olajhs'
• ixLHd o;a; Ndú; lrñka Y%u n,ldh iy Y%u n,ld iyNd.S;ajh wkqmd;h
.Kkh lrhs'
• Y%u n,ldh ;SrKh lrk idOl kïlr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• ksYaÑ; ld, iSudjla ;=< jegqmla fyda wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhla wfmalaIdfjka
wd¾Óluh jákdlula we;s NdKav yd fiajd ksIamdokh lsÍu i|yd Y%uh iemhSug
wfmalaId lrk wju iy Wmßu jhia iSudjla ;=< isák ish¨u mqoa.,hkaf.a
tl;=j Y%u n,ldh nj'
• Y%u n,ldhg we;=<;a fkdjk mqoa.,hska my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj
• .DyKshka
• mQ¾K ld,Sk isiqka
• mQ¾K wdndê;hka
• iaj leue;af;ka /lshd fkdlrk wh
• YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh .Kkh lsÍfï § wju jhia iSudj wjqreÿ 10 la f,i
.;a; o Wmßu jhia iSudj ie,ls,a,g fkd.kakd nj'
• ta wkqj Y%u n,ldhg YS% ,xldfõ we;=<;a lrkq ,nkafka .Kka .kakd Èkg fmr
i;shla ;=< jegqmla fyda wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhla fyda wfmalaIdfjka fiajd kshqla; yd
fiajd úhqla; ish¨u mqoa.,hska nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ ck.ykfhka wjqreÿ 10 g jeä mqoa.,hka jevl< yels jhfia
ck ixLHdj f,i i,lk nj'
• Y%u n,ldh jevl< yels jhfia ck ixLHdfõ m%;sY;hla f,i oelaùu Y%u
n,ld iyNd.S;aj wkqmd;h nj'
Y%u n,ldh fiajd kshqla;ck.ykh
= fiajd úhqla;ck.ykh
+
- 117 -
• YS% ,xldfõ Y%u n,ldh ms<sn| f;dr;=re imhkafka ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk
fomd¾;fïka;=j nj'
• Y%u n,ldh ;SrKh lrk idOl my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• ck ixLHdfõ m%udKh
• wka;¾ cd;sl ixl%uK
• jhia ixhq;sh
• m%ñ;sß ixhq;sh
• újdyl wújdyl nj
• wOHdmk uÜgu
• iudc wdrlaIK fiajd
• kd.ÍlrKh
• fi!LH yd fmdaIK uÜgu
• iudc ixialD;sl yd wd.ñl ixl,am
Y%u n,ld
iyNd.S;aj wkqmd;h
Y%u n,ldh=
jev l< yels ck.ykhx100%
- 118 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'10 ( YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;sfha yd fiajd úhqla;sfha m%udKd;aul
yd jHqyd;aul ;;a;aj úuid n,hs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• fiajd kshqla;sh hkak w¾: olajñka tys jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh yd W!k fiajd kshqla;sh w;r fjki ksoiqka iys; j
fmkajd fohs'
• fiajd úhqla;sh w¾: olajñka tys jHqyh bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;shg fya;= bÈßm;a lrhs'
• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys; j ú.%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• jegqmla fyda fjk;a wd¾Ól m%;s,dNhl wfmalaIdfjka M,odhS wd¾Ól lghq;a;l
ksr;ùu fiajd kshqla;sh nj'
• ck yd ixLHd f,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ks¾jpkhg wkqj YS% ,xldfõ fiajd
kshqla;sh hkq .Kka .kakd ld,h ;=< mehla fyda thg jeä ld,hla fõ;khla"
,dNhla fyda f.ùula wfmalaIdfjka fyda mjqf,a wdodhï bmhSfï lghq;a;l
fh§u nj'
• fiajd kshqla;s wkqmd;h fidhkq ,nkafka my; mßÈ nj'
• rgl 97] la muK fiajd kshqla;shla mj;S kï th mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh nj'
• wd¾Ól jDoaêhla mj;sk úg mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla we;sjk nj'
• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla mj;sk úg ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh by< hk nj'
• mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;shla mj;sk úg iudc úfrdaë ls%hd wvqjk nj'
• W!k fiajd kshqla;sh wdldr lsysmhlg mej;sh yels nj'
• mQ¾K ld,Sk j jev l< o wvq wdka;sl M,odjla ,eîu
• iqÿiqlïj,g jvd wvq /lshdjl kshqla; ùu
• mQ¾K ld,Sk j jev fkdue;s ùu
• mQ¾K ld,Sk j fyda w¾Old,Skj fiajd kshqla; jqjo Y%ñlhkaf.a wdka;sl
M,odj Y=kH fõ kï th ieÕjqK fiajd úhqla;sh f,i y÷kajk nj'
fiajd kshqla;swkqmd;slh
fiajd kshqla;sh=
Y%u n,ldhx100%
- 119 -
• W!k fiajd kshqla;sfha wd¾Ól m%;súmdl my; mßÈ nj'
• wd¾Ól ksIamdokh wvqùu
• Y%uh wmf;a hdu
• wdodhï jHdma;s úIu;d we;sùu
• Y%ufha M,odj wvqùu
• Y%ñlhkag wdodhu wvqùu ksid oßø;dj we;sùu
• iudc úfrdaë ls%hd we;sùu
• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%fNao mj;sk nj'
• fiajd úhqla;sh my; mßÈ .Kkh l< yels nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;sfha iajrEm j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• uE; ld,Sk j fiajd úhqla;sh my< jefgñka mej;Su
• W.;a ;reK fldgi w;r fiajd úhqla;s wkqmd;h by< uÜgul mj;S'
• ia;S% fiajd úhqla;sh idfmalaI jYfhka jeä nj'
• .%dóh wxYfha fiajd úhqla;sh idfmalaI j jeä nj'
• fiajd úhqla;sfha m%;súmdlj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• iudchg ,nd .; yels Wmßu ksIamdok uÜgu wysñ ùu
• /lshd wysñ ùu ksid wdodhu wysñùfuka oßø;djh by< hdu
• ndysr ixl%uK by< hdu
• rcfha Y=NidOk úhou by< hdu
• foaYmd,k yd iudc fkdikaiqka;d we;sùu
• YS% ,xldfõ fiajd úhqla;sh wvq lsÍug .; yels ls%hd ud¾.j,g ksoiqka my;
oelafjk nj'
• by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhla we;slr .ekSu
• há;, myiqlï jeä lsÍu
• ld¾ñl moku mq¿,a lsÍu
• .%dóh iq¿ mßudK l¾udka; we;s lsÍu
• jD;a;sh mqyqKqj ,nd §u
• úfoaY fiajd kshqla;sh jeälsÍu
• iajhx /lshd wjYH;d mq¿,a lsÍu
fiajd úhqla;swkqmd;slh
fiajd úhqla;s ck.ykh=
Y%u n,ldhx100%
- 120 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'11 ( YS% ,xldfõ Y%u fjf<|fmd< wdYs%; újdÈ; lreKq úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 02 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• Y%ufha ndysr ixl%uK y÷kajñka thg fya;= ksoiqka iys; j bÈßm;a lrhs'
• Y%ufha ndysr ixl%uK j, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl úia;r lrhs'
• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV nj y÷kajñka thg fya;= ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV;djfha wd¾Ól m%;ssúmdl úia;r lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• Y%ñlhka tla m%foaYhlska ;j;a m%foaYhlg hdu Y%u ixl%uKh nj'
• ksIamdok idOlj, fjkialï" jegqma uÜgï iy Y%u iemhqfï fjkialï u;
Y%uh ixl%uKh jk nj'
• rglska rglg isÿjk Y%u ixl%uKh ksid fiajd úhqla;sh wvqjk nj'
• W.;a nqoaêuh msßi rg yer hdu nqoaê .,khla f,i i,lk w;r th wd¾Ólhg
.eg¿jla nj'
• ueo fmrÈ. /lshd i|yd nyq, jYfhka mqoa.,hska úfoaY .; jk w;r ta ;=<
ldka;djka jeä nj'
• Y%uh msgrgj,g we§hdu ksid úfoaY úksuh" ixl%du f,i YS% ,xldjg ,efnk
nj'
• foaYSh Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a oDV;djhla mj;sk nj'
• tkï Y%u b,a¨ï yd iemhqï ;;a;ajhka blauKska fjkia fkdùu nj'
• Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a Y%u iemhqu yd fiajd kshqla;s bv m%ia;d w;r fkd.e<mSula
mj;sk nj'
• Y%u fjf<|fmd< my; mßÈ m%ia;dr igyklska oelaúh yels nj'
• by< jegqma ;,fhka Y%u b,a¨ug jvd iemhqu mj;sk nj'
• ld,h;a iu. Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a we;sjk b,a¨ï iemhqï ;;a;ajhka yd rcfha
ueÈy;aùu wkqj Y%u fjf<|fmdf<a fjkialï we;sjk nj'
• Y%u b,a¨ug iß,k mßÈ Y%u iemhqu kuH fkdùu .eg¿ iy.; nj'
fiajd úhqla;sh
m%u; fiajd kshqla;sh
Y%u m%udKh
jeäùu
W1
W
D
S
- 121 -
ksmqK;dj 12 ( ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha l%shdldß;ajh ;=,kd;aul j
w.h hs'
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'1 ( Y%s ,xld wd¾Ólfha o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h yd fiajd kshqla;sfha
wdxYsl ixhq;sh úuihs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdos;hg rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha iyNd.s;ajh
ixikaokh lrhs'
• Y%S ,xld o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha uE;ld,Sk fjkialï yd Bg fya;= úuihs'
• Y%S ,xld fiajd kshqla;sfha wdxYsl ixhq;sh meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;shg rdcH yd fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh ikaikaokh
lrhs'
• Y%S ,xld fiajd kshqla;sfha uE;ld,Sk fjkialï yd Bg fya;= úuihs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (
• YS% ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h ckf,aLk yd ixLHdf,aLk fomd¾;fïka;=j
wxY 13 lg j¾.lr we;s nj'
• tu wxYhka m%Odk jYfhka lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd hk lafIa;% Tiafia
ilialr we;s nj'
• o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl ixhq;sh lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd
hk lafIa;%j,ska iukaú; ù we;s nj'
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=< § wdxYsl odhl;ajh l%ufhka
fjkia ù we;s w;r fï i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
1950 1970 1980 2000 2009
lDIsld¾ñl wxYh 46.3% 28.3% 27.6% 19.9% 12.6%
ld¾ñl wxYh 16.9% 23.8% 29.6% 27.3% 29.7%
fiajd wxYh 36.9% 47.9% 42.8% 52.8% 57.7%
• rgl Y%u n,ldfhka fld;rï m%udKhla lDIsld¾ñl" ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYfha
kshef,kjd o hkak fiajd kshqla;s wdxYsl odhl;ajfhka oelafjk nj'
- 122 -
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;s wdxYsl odhl;ajh i|yd ksoiqka my;
oelafjk nj '
1953 1977 1996 2008
lDIsld¾ñl wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 53% 46% 38% 32.7%
ld¾ñl wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 13% 14% 22% 26.3%
fiajd wxYh fiajd kshqla;sh 34% 40% 40% 41%
• ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYh l%ufhka m%idrKh jkúg Y%u n,ldfhka ta i|yd
orkq ,nk iyNd.S;ajh o fjkiajk nj'
• rgl wd¾Ól j¾Okh iu. trg ck;djf.a wdodhï ;;a;ajh o by< f.dia
lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha jeo.;alu ld¾ñl yd fiajd wxYhg keUqre ù we;s nj'
• rgl ixj¾Okh jeäjk úg lDIsld¾ñl wxYhg jvd ld¾ñl yd fiajd
wxYj, jHqyd;aul fjkialï isÿjk nj'
• fï i|yd rdcH wxYh iy fm!oa.,sl wxYh o odhljk wdldrh wkqj tys
iyNd.S;ajh ;SrKh ù we;s nj'
- 123 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'2 ( ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a iy tys Wmfhdackh
úuiñka wd¾Ól j¾Okfha rgdj úYaf,aIKh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a ilia jk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• iïm;a Wmfhdackfha wxY meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ m%Odk b;=reï uQ,dY% úia;r lrhs'
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Ok rgdfõ iqúfYaIS ld,jljdkq ksoiqka
weiqfrka ú.%%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a ixhq;sh o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h iy NdKav yd fiajd
wdkhkj,ska iukaú; nj'
• ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h yd wdkhk jHqyfha
fjkialï ;=<ska uq¿ iïm;a tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=< fjkia jq w;r tA i|yd
ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
2005 2006 2009
o< foaYSh ksIamdos;h 64.3% 70.9% 78.2%
NdKav yd fiajd wdkhk 35.7% 29.1% 21.8%
• rgl uq¿ iïm;a m%udKh jeälr .ekSu i|yd o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;h by<
kxjd .ekSu i|yd wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s yd kj Wmdh ud¾. Ndú; lr we;s nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a Wmfhdackh mrsfNdackh" wdfhdackh iy NdKav yd
fiajd wmkhk j,ska iukaú; nj'
• ksoyiska miq Y%S ,xldfõ uq¿ iïm;a Wmfhdackh tla tla ld,jljdkq ;=<
fjkia jq wdldrh my; oelafjk nj'
2005 2006 2009
mrsfNdackh 58% 58.8% 64.1 %
wdfhdackh 20% 37.5% 19.2%
NdKav yd fiajd wmkhk 22% 21.3% 16.7%
- 124 -
• Y%S ,xldfõ cd;sl b;sß lsÍï" foaYSh b;sß lsÍïj,ska iy úfoaYSh b;sß lsÍïj,ska
iukaú; nj'
• fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH b;sß lsÍïj,ska foaYSh b;sß lsÍï iukaú; nj'
• úfoaY Y=oaO idOl wdodhu iy úfoaY Y=oaO fm!oa.,sl ixl%duj,ska úfoaYSh b;sß
lsÍï iukaú; nj'
• Y%S ,xldfõ b;sß lsÍï ms<sn| f;dr;=re i|yd ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
2001 2006 2009
foaYSh b;sß lsÍï 15.8% 17.3% 18 %
úfoaYSh b;sß lsÍï 4.5% 6.1% 5.9%
cd;sl b;sß lsÍï 20.3% 23.4% 23.9%
• rgl cd;sl b;=reï j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd úfoaY Y=oaO fm!oa.,sl ixl%du
j¾Okh lr .; hq;= nj'
• rgl foaYSh b;=reï yd cd;sl b;=reï j¾Okh lr .ekSfuka wdfhdack ;;a;ajh
by< hk nj yd wd¾Ól j¾Okhg bka iqúfYaIs odhl;ajhla ,nd Èh yels nj'
• ksoyiska miq YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Ok rgdfõ iqúfYaIS ld,jljdkq my; oelafjk
mrsos jljdkq folla hgf;a fmkaúhyels nj'
• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj
• j¾I 1977 ka miq ld,jljdkqj
• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj ;=< wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd rPh jeä
odhl;ajhla ,nd¥ka w;r rdcH flakaøSh wd¾Ólhla mej;s nj'
• j¾I 1948 isg 1977 olajd ld,jljdkqj ;=< Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól j¾Okh i|yd
wkq.ukh l< wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s my; oelafjk f,i idrdxY l< yels nj'
• j¾I 1948 isg 1959 olajd - hg;a úð; ksoyia wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh
• j¾I 1960 isg 1977 olajd- wNHka;rdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ^wdkhk
wdfoaYk yd iqNidOk wd¾Ólh&
• j¾I 1977 oS Y%S ,xldfõ tf;la mej;s wNHka;rdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh
fjkqjg ndysrdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh fyj;a újD; wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh
y÷kajd ÿka nj'
• ndysrdjf,dalk wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh hgf;a rcfha ld¾HhNdrh iSud jQ w;r úfoaY
fjf<odu yd iïnkaO j mej;s iSudjk o bj;a l< nj'
- 125 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'3 ( YS% ,xldfõ lDIsld¾ñl wxYh yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 04 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajfha we;s jeo.;alu
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• foaYSh lDIs l¾udka;fha yd jeú,s lDIs l¾udka;fha fjki ksoiqka iys; j
meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• lDIs l¾udka;h wdY%s; l¾udka; ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
• lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh yd m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'
• foaYSh yd jeú,s lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk úIu;djhka yd .eg¿ úia;r lrhs'
• foaYSh yd jeú,s lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk .eg¿j,g úi÷ï fhdackd lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• j¾I 1977g fmr Y%S ,xldfõ lDIsl¾udka;hg m%n, ia:dkhla ysñ jq nj'
• cd;sl ksIamdokfhka wvlg muK odhl;ajh lDIsld¾udka;fhka ,enqKq nj'
• j¾I 1977g fmr mej;s rdcH flakaøSh wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sh ;=< idudkH jYfhka
.%dóh wxYfha wdydr fnda. j.djkag yd ù f.dú;ek wd§hg fhduq jq nj'
• o< foaYSh ksIamdokhg foaYSh lDIsld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajh l%ufhka wvq jQ nj'
ksoiqka (
1950 j¾Ifha § o< foaYSh ksIamdokhg lDIs wxYfha odhl;ajh 46'3]la mej;s w;r
2009 j¾Ifha § th 12'6]la olajd wvq j we;'
• j¾;udkfha lDIs wxYfha jeäu odhl;ajh t<j¿" m<;=re wd§fhka ieÿï ,;a
fjk;a fnda.j,ska ,efnk nj'
• fojk yd f;jk kek ysñjkafka ms<sfj,ska ù yd jeú,s fnda.j,g nj'
• foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;fha mj;sk .eg¿ j,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk nj'
• lDIsfNda. wdkhkh lsÍu ksid foaYSh lDIsl¾udka;hg .eg¿ we;sùu
• lDIs fhojqïj, ñ, by< hdu
• ÿ¾j, c,l<uKdlrKh" Wiia j¾.fha îc fkd ,eîu iy lDñ Wjÿre wdÈ
.eg¿
• bvï len,s ùu iy wo f.dú whs;sfha .eg¿
• wf,úh ms<sn| .eg¿" fmr wiajkq yd miq wiajkq ydks wd§h
• jeú,s fnda. i|yd bvï nyq, jYfhka fhdod.ekSu
- 126 -
• foaYSh lDIs wxYh kexùug uE; § f.k we;s m%;sm;a;suh Wmdh ud¾.j,g ksoiqka
my; oelafjk nj'
• lDIsl¾udka;hg fhdod .kakd Ys,am{dkh jeä ÈhKq lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu
• jHdma;s fiajdj Yla;su;a lsÍu
• fm!oa.,sl jHjidhka Yla;su;a lsÍu
• wdydr ieliSï ;dlaIKh ÈhqKq lsÍu
• m<;=re yd u,a j.dj ÈhqKq lsÍu
• foaYSh lsß ksIamdokh k.d isgqùu
• lDIsl¾uhg wod< f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh .%dóh uÜgñka jHdma; lrùu
• iïm;a iq/lSu
• jeú,s fNda. wxYh kexùug uE; § f.k we;s mshjrj,g ksoiqka my; oelafjk
nj'
• jeú,s l¾udka;fha ixj¾Okhg cd;sl ie,eiaula ms<sfh< lsÍu
• f;a" fmd,a" rn¾ jeú,s fnda. ixj¾Okhg il%Sh wruqo,la ia:dmkh lsÍu
• fmdfydr iykdOdrh ,ndoSu
• lDIsl¾udka;h wdY%s; ld¾udka;j,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• fmd,a wdY%s; l¾udka;
• fmd,a f;,a ksIamdokh
• fldmamrd ksIamdokh
• fldyq wdY%s; ksmehqï
• lsß wdY%s; l¾udka;
• fhda.Ü ksIamdokh
• whsial%Sï ksIamdokh
• uqojmq lsß ksIamdokh
• rn¾ wdY%S; l¾udka;
• gh¾ ksIamdokh
• fuÜg ksIamdokh
• ISÜ rn¾ ksIamdokh
- 127 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'4 ( YS% ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYh yd iïnkaê; újdÈ; lreKQ
úu¾Ykh lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 08 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• ld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh iy m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'
• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha ÈhqKqjg iq¿ yd laIqø jHjidhlhskaf.a ld¾h Ndrh
jeo.;a jk wdldrh ksoiqka weiqfrka ú.%y lrhs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdokfha wdxYsl odhl;ajh wkqj ld¾ñl wxYfha
ksIamdokfhka fjkia ù we;s wdldrh jljdkq ;=kla wdY%fhka my; mßos nj'
• fï wkqj o< jYfhka 30] m%udKhla ld¾ñl wxYfha odhl;ajhla mj;sk nj'
• Y%S ,xldfõ o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha wdxYsl ixhq;shg wkqj ld¾ñl wxYh Wm wxY
y;rlg fnod we;s nj'
• m;,a yd leKsï
• ksIamdok ld¾udka;
• úÿ,s n,h" .Eia" c,h
• bÈ lsÍï wxYh
• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha 50] jeä m%;sY;hla ksIamdok l¾udka; i|yd wh;a
jk w;r ksIamdok l¾udka; j¾. lrk cd;Hka;r m%ñ;hg wkqj bÈßfhka
isák ksIamdok l¾udka; fufia fm< .eiaúh yels nj'
• frÈms<s we.¿ï yd iï ksIamdok
• wdydr mdk j¾. ksIamdokh
• ma,diaála ridhksl øjH Lksc f;,a yd rn¾ ksIamdok
• f,day fkdjk yd ilia l< f,day ksIamdok
o< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqjo< foaYSh ksIamdÈ;fha odhl;ajh wkqj
1' 1950-1970 20]-24]
2' 1980-2000 30]-27]
3' 2000-2008 30]-29]
jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq jljdkq ld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYhld¾ñl wxYh
- 128 -
• Y%S ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha iuia; ld¾h idOkh ;=< jßka jr ld¾ñl
ixj¾Okh i|yd ld¾ñl m%;sm;a;s l%shd;aul jQ nj yd l%shd;aul jk nj'
ksoiqka (
• wdkhk wdfoaYk l¾udka; Èß .ekaùu
• wmkhk wNsuqL l¾udka; ^úfoaY fjf<|md< b,lal .; wmkhk&
• iq¿ yd uOH mßudK l¾udka; m%j¾Okh lsÍu
• ld¾ñl wxYfha j¾Okh i|yd rch u.ska isÿfldg we;s l%shdud¾.j,g
ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• f.da,Sh fjf<|fmd<g m%fõY ùfï ud¾. mq¿,a lsÍu
• rch úiska fm!oa.,sl wxYh fj; Wiia ;dlaIKh Ndú;h i|yd rdcH
uQ,H Èß .ekaùï ,nd §u
• fm!oa.,sl yd rdcH wxYfha b,lal .; Èß.ekaùï ;=<ska wdrïN fldg we;s
m%dfoaYsh ld¾ólrK jev igyka we;slsrSu
• 2006-2016 YS% ,xldfõ oi wjqreÿ ld¾ñl ixj¾Ok ie,iqfï wruqKq my;
oelafjk nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ jeä M,odhS;djhla i|yd ;r.ldÍ l¾udka; we;s lsÍu
• cd;sl kj fidhd .ekSï ;=<ska m%dfoaYSh j l¾udka; we;s lsÍu
• b;du;a iq¿fjka wrUd we;s laIqø jHdmdr m%j¾Okh lsÍu
• wdh;kj, ;r.ldÍ;ajh ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd rch u.ska há;, myiqlï
ixj¾Okh lsÍu
• N+f.da,Sh mokï u; ld¾ñl m¾Io (Clusters) yd ld¾ñl wmkhk m%j¾Okh
lsÍu
• úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ;=< iEu rgla iu. in|;djfhka iDcq wdfhdack
m%j¾Okh lsÍu
• laIqø jHjidhlhka hkq l=vd m%d.aOkhla fhdojd mjqf,a Y%uhu Wmfhda.S
lr .ksñka mj;ajd f.k hk b;du iq¿ jHdmdrhka nj'
• YS% ,xldfõ ld¾ñl wxYfha j¾Okhg laIqø jHjidhlhka f.a odhl;ajhg
jeo.;a jk nj'
• m%dfoaYSh mj;sk laIqø jHjidhlhla oekqj;a lrñka Tjqkag wjYHh rdcH
uQ,H m%;smdok yd nexl= Kh ,nd §ug mshjr f.k we;s nj'
- 129 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'5 ( YS% ,xldfõ fiajd wxYh yd iïnkaO újdÈ; lreKq úu¾Ykh
lrhs'
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 08 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg fiajd wxYfha odhl;ajh jeo.;a jk wdldrh fmkajd
fohs'
• fiajd wxYfha jHqyh yd m%udK m%jK;d úia;r lrhs'
• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍu fiajd wxYfha j¾Okh yd jHqyuh fjkiaùï
isÿùug n,mdk wdldrh ksoiqka iys; j úia;r lrhs'
• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d fm!oa.,sl wxYfha odhl;ajh jeo.;ajk
wdldrh fmkajd fohs'
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• wd¾Ól ixj¾Ok ls%hdj,shg wfkl=;a wxYj,g idfmalaI j fiajd wxYfha
odhl;ajh jeä ù we;s nj'
• 1950 j¾IhoS 34] lg odhl jQ fiajd wxYh 1977 j¾Ihos 46] olajd j¾Okh ù
1991 - 2000 oYlfha 50] olajd;a 2009 jk úg 57'7] olajd;a j¾Okh ù we;s nj'
• fiajd wxYh wd¾Ólh ;=< m%idrKh fjñka mj;sk nj'
• fiajd wxYh m%idrKh ùfï jeo.;alï my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• rgla wd¾Ól jYfhka fõ.j;a j¾Okhlg hkúg fiajd i|yd b,a¨ï
kuH;djh tlg jeä w.hla .kakd ksid fiajd wxYfha ÈhqKqj we;sùu
• fiajd i|yd wjYH lrk iajNdúl iïm;a m%udKh wfkla wxYj,g idfmalaI
j b;du wvq ksid YS% ,xldj jeks l=vd rglg fiajd wxYfha m%idrKh jeo.;a
ùu
• ;sridr ixj¾Ok ixl,amhg wod< jQ iajNdúl m%d.aOkh /l .ekSu ksid
f.da,ShlrK ls%hdj,sh ;=< fiajd wxYh m%idrKh ùug bjy,a ùu bka by<
m%;s,dN ,nd .; yels ùu
• lDIs yd ld¾ñl wxYj,g idfmalaI j fiajd wxYh by< M,odhS;djla jd¾;d
lsÍu
• jeäfjñka mj;akd ck.ykhg wjYH wdodhï bmhSfï wjia:d ckkh
lsÍug jeo.;a ùu
• lDIs yd ld¾ñl wxYh u; j;alï ckkh lsÍug ld¾hlaIu wxYh f,i
fiajd wxYfhka jeo.;a odhl;ajhla ,eîu
• ksIamdokh fnod yeÍu yd mßfNdackh hk wxY iïnkaëlrKh lrñka
ck;djf.a f;aÍï ieis mq¿,a lsÍug bjy,a ùu
- 130 -
• .Kqfokq msßjeh wvq lsÍug fiajd wxYh odhl;ajh iemhSu
• by< wd¾Ól j¾Okhla yd wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhla <Õd lr .ekSu i|yd ld¾hlaIu
wd¾Ól há;, myiqlï moaO;shla yd Yla;su;a kshduk rduqjla mej;Su mQ¾j
wjYH;djhla nj'
• há;, myiqlï b,lal lr.;a fiajdjka f,i m%jdyk fiajd" úÿ,s ixfoaY
fiajd" c, iïmdokh iy n, Yla;sh jeks fiajd oelaúh yels nj'
• fuu fiajd ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd úfoaYSh wdOdr yd wdfhdack ,nd .ekSfï wjYH;djh
we;s nj'
• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl fowxYfha u wdfhdack
by< oeóug rch ls%hdud¾. f.k we;s nj'
• fld<U - ud;r wêfõ.S .uka ud¾.h ksoiqka f,i oelaúh yels nj'
• rcfha oi wjqreÿ oelau ixj¾Ok m%;sm;a;s rduqj 2006-2016& wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh
fõ.j;a lsÍu i|yd há;, myiqlïj, jeo.;alu ;Èka u wjOdrKh lr we;s
nj'
• há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh i|yd jHdmD;s rdYshla wdrïN lsÍug mshjr f.k
we;s w;r ksoiqka f,i rkafodr cd;sl há;, myiqlï ixl,amh oelaúh
yels nj'
• rkafodr cd;sl há;, myiqlï ixj¾Ok m%fõYh hgf;a ,efnk myiqlïj,g
ksoiqka my; i|yka jk nj'
• ùrú, .=jka f;dgqfmd<
• yïnkaf;dg jrdh ixlS¾Kh
• yïnkaf;dg mßmd,k ixlS¾Kh
• ol=Kq m%jdyk ixj¾Ok jHdmD;sh
• fkdfrdÉfpdaf,a ;dm úÿ,s n,d.drh
• by< fld;auf,a c, úÿ,s n,d.drh
• flrj,msáh .,a wÕ=re n,d.drh
• uy oUq,a, ixj¾Okh
• W;=re uyd ud¾.h
• hdmkh c, iïmdok fhdackd l%uh
• uy fld<U c,dmjyk moaO;sh m%;sixialrKh
• há;, myiqlï iemhSu i|yd rch fm!oa.,sl wxYh úúO l%u hgf;a
iïnkaO lr .kakd w;r tajd i|yd ksoiqka my; ±lafjk nj
• bÈlsÍu fufyhùu iy mejÍu ^BOT l%uh&
• bÈ lsÍu" ysñlr .ekSu iy fufyhùu ^BOO l%uh&
• bÈ lsÍu" ysñlr .ekSu" fufyhùu iy mejÍu ^BOOT l%uh&
- 131 -
ksmqK;d uÜgu 12'6 ( iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿõï úu¾Ykh lrhs
ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'
bf.kqï M, (
• iuld,skj isÿ ù we;s foaYSh wd¾Ól isÿùïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys;j
ú.%y lrhs'
• iuld,skj isÿ ù we;s f.da,Sh wd¾Ól isÿùïj, wd¾Ól m%;súmdl ksoiqka iys;j
ú.%y lrhs
úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug w;aje,la (-
• iuld,Skj foaYSh yd úfoaYShj isÿjk iudc" foaYmd, wd¾Ól yd ixialD;sl
fjkia ùu furg wd¾Ólhg n,mdk nj'
• fuu iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï m%Odk jYfhka foaYSh yd f.da,Sh f,i j¾. l<
yels nj'
• foaYSh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùïj,g ksoiqkla f,i iqkdñ jHjikh oelaúh
yels nj'
• f.da,Sh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùïj,g ksoiqka my; mßÈ oelaúh yels nj'
• cd;Hka;r uQ,H w¾nqoh
• iyY% ixj¾Ok wNsu;d¾: f,djg y÷kajd §u
• foaYSh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg ys;lr yd wys;lr wdldrhg
n,mdk w;r th my; mßÈ ksoiqka weiqfrka meyeÈ,s lr yels nj'
• iqkdñ jHikh ksid fjr< wdikak m%foaYj, há;, myiqlï" ld¾udka;"
ñksia ðú; yd foam, úkdY ùu Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha ixj¾Okhg wys;lr
f,i n,mEu
• f.da,Sh iuld,Sk wd¾Ól isÿùï wd¾Ólhg ys;lr iy wys;lr f,i n,mEï
lsÍug yels nj th my; mßÈ ksoiqka weiqfrka fmkaúh yels nj'
• úfoaYSh fjf<|fmdf<a Lksc f;,a ñ, by< hdu furg Lksc f;,a ñ, by<
hdug n,mE w;r th Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg wys;lr f,i n,mdk ,§'
^ld,Sk jYfhka isÿ ù we;s wd¾Ól isÿùï ksoiqka f,i f.k Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólhg
n,mdk wdldrh isiqkag iu. idlÉPd lrkak'&
- 132 -
mdi, mokï lr.;a ;lafiarelrKh
- 133 -
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&{ ÷¸ýÙõ$ {ú¸ù$µèù äß<$ð ûÚ}Ú×È µ×$÷ÀÆùß &Ú&Ôùßµèß ãûÍ´ <Ìøù× }ê$ æØ è`ùÛ´ð
µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ <`òûÚ}Úµ<}æÚ.
áµèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÒÈ æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ õÝ}Úùß àù$<Øó æÜÚ×$<ÙÚ×æð &Ú&Ôùß µ×$ Ô µæµØù àõØ,
èÝØ`<Ø×$ &Ú&Ôùß àõØ è`<µ&Æùß å<Ôùß áðÔæØù æ$Ì× ùÚÎæßÂó× æØÆùß $̵è$ßûµ÷ÀßÁæõß<×
&û×Æùß æð×ÔõÝ æÚδ û$&Ùß û÷ÀùÈ æØèõß à`è×ÛÈ <`òûÚ}Úµ<} æÜÚ×$õß æ æÚÎµÈ ÷ÀÛ àµûßæßÂ$
µæµÌ. µ´{Ú÷ÀÛ ÁÚÂ]×$ ùÚØõÝØ`< à`è×Û ð ÙæßÑ× ×ÔõÝ àõØ, ÁÚÂ] {`æÚ×$ &‘<Ìøù× àµûßæßÂÚõ
àùß÷ÀÆùß &Ú÷¸<ùßµùß ÷À ×Ú èÝØ`<Ø×$ Ñ&Úùß õ{<ÔØ` æ’óÔ Ù`Ã× ×ÔõÝ µ<×Ú.
áµèùÛ &{ áè`ùßÒ´ ´èÚùß &Ú÷¸Ñ× ×Ôõßµõß &Ú&Ôùßð ùÚ&Ú àõß÷À æÛÈ Ùý$ µ÷ÀÆùß äß<$ &Ú&Ôùß
Ñ&Úùß ùÚ&Ú ûÍ÷ÀÚ àõßûõß æØ µèù õڵŠ÷À ×Ú õ{<ÔØ` æØ è`ùÛ ×. äß &úÀ{$ ùÚ&Ú ´$̵è$ßûµ÷ÀßÁ×
&`û×Û ×. à`è×ÛµÈ (õæßµ&ßØ` æÚεÈ) µ×÷ÀÛ &Ú®ù èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð õ´ &Ú&Ôùß &úÀ{$ µ÷À×$æ$Ø×æ
´$̵è$ßûµ÷ÀßÁæõß<× Ùý$ ÷ÀÚ× {`æÚ ×. ä´ ´$̵è$ßûµ÷ÀßÁ µû$÷¸µÓ {ú¸ùß<ùßµùß ûÜõÚ µû$ßÂó×
(Feed Back) {$ á÷ÀÚÍ µû$ßÂó× (Feed Forward) ×ùÔµ<ùÚ. &Ú&Ôùßµèß ÷¸ýÙõ$ {$ µù${`æÚ×$
àù$<Øó× æØèõß Ñð å<Ôùßµèß áµèùÔÈ è`ðÏ ´è{Ø<$ è`ùÛ ð ûÜõÚµû$ßÂó×õß &Ú&Ô {`æÚ×$
&{ ûÜýÙõ$ {ú¸ù$ èõß Ñð ä´ ÷ÀæßÂõ$ <`± ÷ÀÚ×ÔóÔ æÚδð á÷ÀÚÍ µû$ßÂó×õß Ùý$ ÷ÀÛ èÝØ` æ$Ì××
µ<×Ú.
- 134 -
áµèùÔÈ - áè`ùßùÔÈ æÜÚ×$<ÙÚµ×ß &$Ìöæõß<× &úÀ{$ û$ñ´$Ù$µÓ àØ ÔóÔ àõµØùß æ<Ø àØ ÔóÔ
æ<Ø >ðÆùß &$æßÂ$õß æ} {`æÚ <Õµ×ß ÷À ×Ú {úù$ è`ùÛ &Ú&Ôùßð à<Á] µ<×Ú. à`è×ÛÈ <`òûÚ}Úµ<}
å&ßµ&ß &Ú&Ôùß }è$ æØ èõß ûÜÒóõ$ >ðÈ ùÚÁßë× æÚδ µÈ àùÔ< èÝØ`<Ø`ùßµèùß ýÙ$µû$µØ$õßõÝ
<ù àõØ &Ú&Ôùß {$ µ÷À ÓûÚ×ùß à`õÝ_ µ<ùõß à÷À$} û$ÌÁ<<Ùð &Ú&Ô ûÜèõÚ× ûÚ}ÚýúÀ µõ$ØõÝØ`
&ùßùÚµÓ÷Àù× æÚδð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß µ×$ ÔÑ× ×ÔõÝ ×. µÈ &úÀ{$ µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ µ{$úÀ æÜ × <ùßµùß
&ùßõõÚæ< &Ú&Ôùß à`è×Û ð û$õÜ æÚδð áò ûÜ&ßö$ &Ù&ù û$&Ù û÷ÀùÈ æØèõß à`è×ÛÈ æÜ ××Ú.
×µö$ßæßõ àØ Ôó &{Úõ< æÜÚ×$ æØù èÝØ`<Ø`ùß Ñ&Úùß õ´ áè`ùßùÔÈ æÜÚ×$<ÙÚ×õß &Ú&Ôùßµèß áµèùÔÈ
æÜÚ×$<ÙÚ×õß <ò$õß æ$Ì×æß´ æÚδ ûÚóÚ& <ò$ µ{$úÀ æ$Ì×æß´õ$µ<ùß ×Ôæßõ áµèùÔÈ,
áè`ùßùÔÈ &{ à`è×ÛÈ æÜ´ µ×$÷À$ èõ ×ÔõÝ µ<×Ú. µÈ &Èýùßøµ×ùß &Ú&Ôùßð &{ èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð
µ×$÷À$ èõ {`æÚ ûܵÓÁ ûÚ}ÚýúÀ ûܵþß÷À æÚ{Úû×æß õÝ ÷À æßµ<×Ú. µÈ<$ µý$µ{$ß æÙæ &Úð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß
µ<õ Ñþ$è µ÷Àû$ÌõµÈùßõÝ< Ñ&Úùß ÷À í$õÚæ àø]$ûù à$×õù× Ñ&Úùß ÷À µõ$ØõÝØ` &Èû$÷Àù×
æØù Ù÷À æÜ µÓ÷À µ<×Ú. äµ{×Úùß äß<$ &Èýùßøµ×ùß û$&Ùß û÷ÀßøõÚµ×ß èÝØ`<Ø`ùß µ{$úÀÚùß ÷À ùÔ<õß
Ò à`õ`×Ú àµûßæßÂ$ µæµÌ. ä´ ûܵþß÷À µ´µ&ß× :
01. û`<Ø`È 02. <]$û#õÚ
03. &ÇæßÂó 04. èµÓÂó
05. ùÚÎæßÂó 06. ûÜ÷ÀÌÁù / á÷ÀÚÍûõß æÚδ
07. æßµÂßõÜ ë$Íæ$ 08. µæ® ÙÚ¢õ ûÎæßÂó
09. <]Ô{èõ Øëù$ 10. Ñ<#õ èÜùßö ûÎæßÂó
11. ùÚÌ´$ó$õß æ æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ 12. ÁÜ<ó ûÎæßÂó
13. ûÜ$µ×$ßèÚæ æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ 14. æöù×
15. &ß< ùÚÌ´$ó 16. æóßò$×È æÜÚ×$æ$ØæÈ
17. &‘æÙßû &ÚõÚ×´ 18. ÷ÀßÑõß< &ð{ùß íÌùÙ
19. ÃõßõÚ ûÔ<õßûõß 20. ûÜÁßù Ñë$Ø$õß æ <`ò&ð{ùß
21. ûÜÁßù {$ ûÚ}ÚõÝØ` µû$õß 22. Ñ<$÷À
23. &$æ§ì$ ´óßòÙ 24. &È´ùßõÜó
25. æßÂóÚæ æö$ 26. þÞÆæ$ Ø‘èù
- 135 -
{úùß<$ ÷ÀÛ à`õÚ µ´´ áµèùÔÈ, áè`ùßùÔÈ &{ à`è×ÛÈ æÜ &|´ äææß &|´ ÑÂ××æß &Èýùßøµ×ùß
&|´ ÑÂ×× äßææ×æð µ×$÷À$ èõ×ÔõÝ ×`×Ú àµûßæßÂ$ µù$µæµØ×Ú. õ´ ÑÂ××ð, ÑÂ× äßææ×ð
è`}µûù ûܵþß÷À×æß µõ$ßØ$ è`ùÛ ð èÝØ`<Ø`ùß ÷À ùÔ<õß Ñ× ×ÔõÝ×; <è ýÙ$ èõ ×ÔõÝ×.
µ´´ èÝØ` ´$̵è$ßûµ÷ÀßÁ &‘èÜ{<Ù èÝØ`<Ø`ùßð õ´ &Ú&Ôùßµèß áµèùÔÈ ûÜèõÚ× õæßµ&ßØ` æÚδ
&úÀ{$ µ×$÷À$èõ {`æÚ áµèùÔÈ - áè`ùßùÔÈ {$ à`è×ÛÈ ûܵþß÷À ûÚ}ÚýúÀ &úÀ{ùæß õÚµÅ. äß<$ èÝØ`<Ø`ùß
Ñ&Úùß &Ô÷¸&Ô ûÍ÷ÀÚ õ´ ûùßõÚµ×ß &Ú&Ôùßµèß ûÜèõÚ× õæßµ&ßØ` æÚδ ûÚóÚ& µ×$÷À$èõ ×ÔõÝ µ<×Ú. äß<$
þ$Ñõ µù$µæ$ð ´è {`δ &Ú&Ôùßð õ´ Á$&ßõÜÛ× {`æÚ×$ µ´ùß´ à$µÓ÷ÀùÚæ èõÚ ÙæßÂóõß
´µù$ßë$Ùæ ÷ÀæßÂõ$õß ûÚ}ÚýúÀ <Ìøù×æß }è$ æØ è`ùÛ õß ûÜ÷ÀÌÁù× æÚδõß ûÚ}ÚýúÀ àòÔû$òÔ à`õÚ
æØ<×Ú.
- 136 -
m%fndaOd;aul bf.kqï-b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï
^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:dj ((((( jdrh 1 - ie,iqï 1
^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&wdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrk
ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 7'1" 7'2" 7'3 iy 7'4
^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<
úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • idudkH ñ, uÜgu
• ñ, o¾Yl
• WoaOukh
• ksreoaOukh
• wjOukh
• WoaOukhg fya;=
• WoaOukfha m%;súmdl
^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( lKavdhï mejreï
^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq^5&ie,iqfï wruqKq ((((( • .fõIKh ;=<ska f;dr;=re /ia lrhs'
• /ia lrk ,o f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka
bÈßm;a lrhs'
• YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgu uksk ñ, o¾Yl j, Wmk;s
úuihs'
• WoaOukh" ksreoaOukh iy wjOukh hk ixl,am j, fjki
bÈßm;a lrhs'
• WoaOukhg fya;= úuihs'
• YS% ,xldfõ mj;sk WoaOukfha iajNdjh mrSlAId lrhs'
• WoaOukfha ys;lr yd wys;lr m%;súmdl úuihs'
^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia( lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(
.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 wjidkfha § lKavdhï mejreula ilia
lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 wdrïNfha §u
isiqkag okajkak'
• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
• úIh ikAOdrh wkqj ud;Dld ilia lrkak'
ksoiqka (
• jir lsysmhl YS% ,xldfõ idudkH ñ, uÜgfuys yeisÍu
• WoaOukhg fya;= iy m%;súmdl
- 137 -
• ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'4 wjidkfha § wjYH mßos isiqka lKavdhï
j,g fjka lrkak'
• ud;Dld lKavdhï j,g mjrd mejreu ilia lsÍug Wmfoia
,ndfokak'
• mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= oskh wdrïNfha §u
isiqkag okajkak'
• f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka ks¾udKYS,Sj
bÈßm;a l<hq;= nj isiqkag okajkak'
isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj ls%hdldrlfuys
fhfokak'
• lKavdhfï ish¨ iudðlhskaf.a odhl;ajh ,nd .kak
• wjYH ish¨u f;dr;=re we;=,;a lsÍug Wkka¥ jkak'
• f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka ks¾udKYS,Sj
bÈßm;a lrkak'
• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkak'
• .=rejrhd kshu lrk ,o ld,h ;=< mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a
lrkak'
^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j
lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu'
• f;dr;=re j.= iy m%ia;dr igyka weiqfrka ks¾udKYS,Sj
bÈßm;a lsÍu'
• úIh lreKq j, m%udKd;aul nj yd ksjeros nj'
• kshu lrk ,o ld,h ;=< mejreu ilia lr bÈßm;a
lsÍu'
• lKavdhfï ish¨ iudðlhskaf.a odhl;ajh,nd .ekSu iy
iduQysl j lghq;= lsÍu'
^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04
• fyd|hs' 03
• uOHia:hs' 02
• ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs' 01
- 138 -
m%fndaOd;aul bf.kqï-b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï
^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:dj ((((( jdrh 1 - ie,iqï 2
^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&wdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrk
ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 9'1" 9'2" 9'3" 9'4 iy 9'5
^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<
úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • fjf<|fmd< l%uhl wiu;a ùu iy thg fya;=
• ndysr;d
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh
^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( lafIa;% pdßld
^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK^5& ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j ksÍlaIK ls%hdj,sfha fhfohs'
• iduQysl j lghq;= lrhs'
• fjf<|fmd< l%uh wiu;aùug fya;= ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a
lrhs'
• m%dfhda.sl j ndysr;d wOHhkh fldg fjf<|fmd< l%uh
wid¾:lùu flfrys tys n,mEu mÍlaId lrhs'
• fjf<|fmd< wd¾Ólhl rcfha ld¾hNdrh úh hq;af;a l=ula
o hkak úuihs'
• rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;sh fhdod .; yels wdldr úu¾Ykh lrhs'
^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul
lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(
.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'5 wjidkfha § lafIa;% pdßldjlg iyNd.S
ù ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lr bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj
ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 wdrïNfha §u isiqkag okajkak'
• mka;sfha isiqka iu. mdi,g wdikakfha msysá ndysr;d we;s
lrk ia:dk keröu i|yd wjia:dj Wodlr .kak'
ksoiqka (
.,afuda,la" i;aj f.dúm,la
- 139 -
• ta ;=<ska isiqkag Ok ndysr;d iy RK ndysr;d ms<sn|
wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSug bv i,iajkak'
• fï i|yd rch ueÈy;a ùu isÿjk whqre wjfndaO lr .ekSug
bv i,iajkak'
• ta ;=<ska rdcH uQ,H m%;sm;a;shl jeo.;alu m%dfhda.sl j
isiqkag wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
• isiqka lKavdhï lr Tjqkag ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh,
lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'
isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj ls%hdldrlfuys
fhfokak'
• ksÍlaIK ls%hd ;=<ska ;u lKavdhug wod< j f;dr;=re
idlÉPd lrñka tla /ia lr ksÍlaIK jd¾;djla ms<sfh,
lrkak'
• lKavdhï kdhlhdf.a u. fmkaùu wkqj idlÉPd lr .ksñka
l%udkql+, j lreKq fm< .iajkak'
• iduQysl j lghq;= lrkak'
• ,l=Kq msßkuk wdldrh ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a jkak'
^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j ksÍlaIKh lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j
lreKq tla /ialsÍu'
• tu lreKq ks¾udKYS,Sj yd ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a lr ;sîu
• WÑ; wdldrhg lreKq f.dkq lsÍu'
• ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsÍu'
• lKavdhï ;=< iduQysl j yd Woafhda.Su;a j lghq;= lsÍu'
^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih^8& ,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04
• fyd|hs' 03
• uOHia:hs' 02
• ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs' 01
- 140 -
m%fndaOd;aul bf.kqï-b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï
^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:dwe.hSï wjia:djjjjj ((((( jdrh 2 - ie,iqï 3
^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&wdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrk
ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 10'1" 10'2" 10'3" 10'4" 10'5 iy 10'6
^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<
úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl
• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|fï jdis iy wjdis
• f.jqï fYaIhg jk n,mEu
^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( újdoh
^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j lreKq bÈßm;a lrhs'
• l:k yelshdj j¾Okh lr .kshs'
• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dug mokï jQ idOl bÈßm;a lrhs'
• wka;¾ cd;sl fjf<|dfï jdis iy wjdis bÈßm;a lrhs'
• wd¾Ólhg f.jqï fYaIfhys n,mEu ú.%y lrhs'
^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul
lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(
.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 wjidkfha § újdohlg iyNd.S
úh hq;= nj ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 wdrïNfha §u isiqkag
okajkak'
• mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'
• ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 wdrïNfha § my; i|yka ud;Dld fol
wyUq f,i lKavdhï folg ,nd § újdohla i|yd iQodkï
jk f,i okajkak'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dug iïnkaOùfuka wd¾Ólh hym;a
fõ'
• cd;Hka;r fjf<|dug iïnkaOfkdùfuka wd¾Ólh
hym;a fõ'
• tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgu wjidkfha § Bg wod< úIh lreKq
újdoh i|yd wod< lr.; hq;= njg isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'
• kshu lrk ,o ld,Éfþo foll § újdoh meje;aúh hq;=
nj;a" we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ms<sn|j;a isiqka oekqj;a lrkak'
• újdoh w;r;=r § wod< ks¾Kdhl mokï lr f.k isiqkag
,l=Kq mjrkak'
- 141 -
isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj újdofhys
fhfokak'
• ;u lKavdhug ,enqKq ud;Dldjg wod< j f;dr;=re /ia
lr .kak' ^uy nexl= jd¾;dj we;=¿ fmd;am;a mßYS,kh
lrkak'&
• lKavdhï kdhlhd m;a lr .ekSu" tla tla idudðlhdg
,efnk ld,h" wjia:d .Kk wdÈh ms<sn| j .=rejrhd iu.
idlÉPd lr ;SrKh lr .kak'
^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • ud;Dldjg wod< j lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu yd ixúOdkd;aul j
lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu
• woyia ks¾udKYS,S j yd ;¾ldkql+, j bÈßm;a lsÍu
• WÑ; f,i wx. p,kh yd ld,h l<ukdlrKh lsÍu
• m%;súreoaO msf<a ;¾l ì£u
• lKavdhï ;=< iduQysl j lghq;= lsÍu yd Woafhda.Su;aj lghq;=
lsÍu
^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs ' 04
• fyd|hs' 03
• uOHia:hs' 02
• ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs' 01
- 142 -
m%fndaOd;aul bf.kqï-b.ekaùï we.hSï ie,iqï
^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& we.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:djwe.hSï wjia:dj ((((( jdrh 2 - ie,iqï 4
^2&^2&^2&^2&^2&wdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrkwdjrKh flfrk
ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d uÜgï ((((( 10'7" 10'8" 10'9" 10'10" 10'11 iy 11'1
^3&^3&^3&^3&^3&ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<ie,iqug wod<
úIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrhúIh ikaOdrh ((((( • úfoaY úksuh fjf<|fmd<
• úfoaY úksuh wkqmd;slh
• uqo,a wjm%udKh ùu yd m%;sm%udKh
• úksuh wkqmd;slh laIhùu yd j¾Okh
• úfoaY wdfhdackh
• úfoaY j;alï
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï
• fjf<| .súiqï
• wka;¾ cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k
• f.da,ShlrKh
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh
^4&^4&^4&^4&^4&ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh(ie,iqfï iajNdjh( m%fya,sld ks¾udKh ks¾udKd;aul ls%hdldrlu&
^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK^5&ie,iqfï wruqK ((((( • ksYaÑ; ms<s;=re ,nd .; yels m%Yak f.dv k.hs'
• lKavdhï yeÕSfuka lghq;= lrhs'
• úúO úksuh wkqmd; l%u úia;r lrhs'
• uqo,a wjm%udK" m%;sm%udK iy laIhùï úia;r lrhs'
• úfoaY wdfhdackj, wdldr meyeÈ,s lrhs'
• wd¾Ól taldnoaOùï isÿ j we;s wdldr yd fjf<| .súiqï
ms<sn|j ±kqj;a fjhs'
• wka;¾ cd;sl uQ,H wdh;k bÈßm;a lrhs'
• f.da,ShlrKfha wdldr olajhs'
• wd¾Ól j¾Okh hkak meyeÈ,s lrhs'
^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul^6&ie,eiau ls%hd;aul
lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia(
.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia.=re Wmfoia ((((( • ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'1 wjidkfha§ m%fya,sldjla ks¾udKh l<
hq;= nj" ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'6 wdrïNfha § u isiqkag okajkak'
- 143 -
• mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak'
• ksmqK;d uÜgï 10'6 isg 11'1 olajd wod< jk úIh lreKq
mokï lrf.k m%fya,sld ks¾udKh l< hq;= nj okajkak'
• m%fya,sldj bÈßm;a l< hq;= Èkg i;shlg fmr iEu
lKavdhulu m%fya,sld mo yd m%fya,sldj mÍlaId lr n,d
ixfYdaOkh i|yd Wmfoia ,nd fokak'
• l,ska kshu lr.;a Èkhl § ld,Éfþo foll §& m%fya,sldj
ilia l< tla tla lKavdhu ,jd th bÈßm;a lrjkak'
• ;r.hla wdldrhg wfkla lKavdhï ,jd m%fya,sldj iïmQ¾K
lrjkak'
• we.hSï ks¾Kdhl u; m%fya,sldj bÈßm;a lrk tla tla
lKavdhug ,l=Kq mjrkak'
isiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoiaisiq Wmfoia ((((( • .=rejrhdf.a Wmfoia yd u`. fmkaùu wkqj ls%hdldrlfuys
fhfokak'
• lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhla u m%fya,sld mo ks¾udKh
lsÍug odhl lr .kak'
• .=re;=ud okajk Èkhl § tajd .=re;=udg fmkajd wjYH
fjkialï isÿ lrkak'
• ks¾udKd;aul j m%fya,sldj ks¾udKh lrkak'
^7&^7&^7&^7&^7&we.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhlwe.hSï ks¾Kdhl ((((( • m%fya,sldfõ ms<s;=re mo ud;Dldjg wod< ùu'
• wruqKq bgqjk wdldrhg m%fya,sldj ks¾udKh lr ;sîu'
• .=re Wmfoia ms<sme§u yd kshñ; ld,h ;=< ld¾hh bgq lsÍu'
• kshñ; mo ixLHdj we;=<;a ùu
• ks¾udKYS,S nj'
^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih^8&,l=Kq mrdih ((((( • b;d fyd|hs' 04
• fyd|hs' 03
• uOHia:hs' 02
• ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs' 01
- 144 -
uQ,dY% (
^1& w;m;a;=" vekS" wd¾Ól úoHd m%fõYh 1" 2009
^2& ohdr;ak" B'" wka;¾cd;sl fjf<|du" 2006
^3& ohdr;ak" B'" wd¾Ól j¾Okh ixj¾Okh yd wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;s" 2009
^4& Central Bank of Sri Lanka, Economic Progress of Independent Sri Lanka, 1998
^6& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2006
^7& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2007
^8& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2008
^9& YS% ,xld uy nexl=j - jd¾Isl jd¾;dj - 2009
^10& igyk - YS% ,xld uy nexl=fõ iudc yd wd¾:sl úoHd udislh - YS% ,xld uy nexl=j
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