Relational Databases - Reference Notes

b

B

M

M

VV

V 197

2 f

1 Q p1.1 x p1.2 m p1.3 m p

2 m2.1 2.2 m / ff2.3 p b2.4 v

3 b b4 m

Q p' j mp f m p Q pp. ' b m f p , .

x f p ff fm b . F f f p, m f b, f PQ.

x p

x f , P p. () f x . v() f p .

m p

v, P . f-p v, P f. p x m p. b p -p f-p v. p 15 m p. m x m v.

m p

; , m, . m m f . mmp m .

m m b fm f m v:

2 + 2 ;

M f, m m fm b. , b:

m, p fm m ;

m p b mm; * m fm b.

Q f, ' fm b. v f , b. vf f pp m; f p v fm v , mx .

xp f b f f p . pp q, q, b

M F

p (m ):

p = '' v '' v f p m. m >= '' m m pb f ''. p != '' m != '' p ' '' m ' ''.

m / ff

m m m b. p ff f p . 10 ff 100 10 101.

b

b b m m. b p, m f b p m, b m p.

pp bf m/ff, m x p f pb . ( f p f .)

p mf b f fm mb m , fm .

p b

p b , mx m. p b , m v b(), . p b , f v f m xp p b .

v

v , b pp f p b p. x :

m fm b p b m v ;

, f m b f , mx, m f b' m. pp v m, ' v m . F , f b f m , f m v m fv , :

m, (*) m fm v m > 5;

v m , p b, p b v, p b, f m!

B ' m v p b.

f b v, f , v f m f .

m b v :

p://.pq.//9.4//q-.m#Q-V

b b

m

b v m . m . m b mp m m m, v mp m m m p.

m m' m (xmp: '')p m' p (xmp: '')b m' f b (xmp: '1998-05-18')

b m p p f . v p f f, m m . f p m f, b m f p.

p m f p (xmp: '')f m f f p (xmp: 'm')

xm

b v (p) b xm m f p . b f p m v.

m mm m f p (.. 'j')p xm p m (.. '') xm m (.. '')fm xm fm m (.. '')_ xm m (.. 'v')

f 'v v f f, ' b ; ' b f . B f ' , p xm B f m p.

m

b v mm m f f xm xm b.

_ xm m (.. '')m mm m (.. ' p')

m b x f m:

b ( m1, m2, ... ) v ( v1, v2, ... );

f v m b' m ( f m), ' v pf m m:

b v ( v1, v2, ... );

F , f b m (, b, ) b, v ff m m fm m. Bf b , , v pf m.

m b. ( m, p fm v b j.)

' b - m M b b, p b .

p 2015/02/03 00:22:54.

FM

Pm f B f V p FQ Fb Pm

MM

B & M vp P

b Jb

F

MB PP

m f 2011-2015 , .