rGb|l ;+x s'n 'ª ;+: yfks cWoIf , kmf ] lgh

d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿df

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] ;dem

bfl/tfdf clej[l4Ps /fli6«o ax; sfo{zfnf

!$ sflt{s @)&!, sf7df8f}+ .rGb|l;+x s'n'ª

;+:yfks cWoIf, kmf]lghcfof]hsM g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt

kqsf/ dxf;+3 -kmf]lgh_

cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gssf] dxf;lGw, !^(,

cflbjf;L tyf hghlt ;DaGwL dxf;lGw, !(*(Wf/f­!=!=-s_M­ ;fF:s[lts / cfly{s cj:yfx?n] /fli6«o ;d'bfosf cGo

;d"xx?af6 km/s /x]sf, tof/L cj:yf cfk\mg} k/Dk/f jf k|yf jf ljz]if sfg"gsf] jf lgodx?sf] sf/0faf6 k"0f{ of cf+lzs?kdf ;+rflnt ePsf :jtGq d'n'ssf hghfltx? .

Wf/f­!=!=-v_M­ ljho ul/Psf jf cf}klgj]zLs/0fsf jf jt{dfg /fHo l;dfgfsf] :yfkgf x'Fbfsf avt d'n's jf ;f] d'n's /x]sf] s'g} ef}uf]lns If]qdf a;f]af; u/]sf afl;Gbx?sf] j+z ePsf] sf/0fn] cflbjf;L dflgg] / cfk\mgf] sfg"gL x}l;otn] h:tf];'s} eP tfklg cfk\mgf] s]xL jf ;a} ;fdflhs, cfly{s, ;f+:s]lts / /fhgLlts ;+:yfx? sfod /fVg] :jtGq d'n'ssf hgtfx? .

Wff/f­!=@= cflbjf;L tyf hghfltsf] ?kdf :jklxrfgnfO{ o; dxf;lGwsf Joj:yfx? Nffu" x'g] ;d"xx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug{sf]nflu Pp6f df}lns dfkb08 dflgg]5 .

Wff/f­!=#= o; dxf;lGwdf k|o'Qm hgtf zAbnfO{ cGt/f{li6o sfg"gcGt{ut ;f] zAbn] hgfpg ;Sg] clwsf/x?sf ;DaGwdf s'g} klg k|efj kfg]{ u/L JofVof ul/g] 5}g .

cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgsf] Aoj:yf ug{ ag]sf]

P]g—@)%*P]gsf] kl/R5]b !-@_-s_• …cflbjf;L hghflt eGgfn] cfkm\gf]

dft[efiff / k/Dk/fut /Lltl/jfh, 5'6\6} ;f+:s[lts klxrfg, 5'6\6} ;fdflhs ;+/rgf / lnlvt jf clnlvt Oltxf; ePsf] cg';"rL adf]lhdsf] hflt jf ;d'bfo ;Demg' k5{ .’

List of Indigenous Nationalities as per NFDIN Act-2002, Schedule-1

SN Ethnic Group SN Ethnic Group SN Ethnic Group SNEthnic Group(N) Not reflected in Census-2011

1Bhote\Khampa (35) 17Hyolmo (59) 33 Rai (42) 48 Tin Gaunle Thakali (16)

2Dhanuk \Rajbanshi (25) 18Gurung (6) 34 Kushwadia(3) 49 Barah Gaunle Thakali (32)

3Dolpo (12) 19Hayu (58) 35 Walung (51) 50 Marphali Thakali (38)

4Jhangad\]Dhagar (11) 20Jirel(10) 36 Yakkha (41) 51 Mugumpa \Mugali (39)

5Topkegola (17) 21Rajbanshi\Koche (44) 37 Raji (45) 52 Tangbe (13)6Bote (33) 22Kumal (2) 38 Raute (43) 53 Bankariya (30)M

7Brahmu/Baramo (31) 23Kusunda(4) 39

Satar/Santhal (54) 54 Chhairoten (9)R

8Byasi/Sauka (52) 24Lepcha (48) 40 Sherpa (53) 55 Thudam (21)

9Chepang/Praja ()7 25Lhomi \Shingsawa (50) 41 Sunuwar (56) 56 Free (29)R

10Chhantyal/Chhantel (8) 26Lhopa (49) 42 Tajpuriya (14) 57 Larke (46) /Nubri

11Danuwar (22) 27Limbu (47) 43 Tamang (15) 58 Siyar (55)/Chumba12Darai (23) 28Magar (36) 44 Thakali (18) 59 Surel (57)13Dhimal (26) 29Majhi (37) 45 Thami (19)14Dura (24) 30Meche \Bodo (40) 46 Tharu (20) N=Not in the Census Report-201115Gangai (5) 31Newar (27) 47 Kisan (1) R=removed in HLTF Report16Bhujel (34) 32Pahari (28) M=merged in HLTF Report

35% of the total population

cflbjf;L hghflt ;"rL kl/dfh{g pRr:t/Lo sfo{bn–@)^%

n] @)^^.!!.% df l;kmfl/; u/]sf yk @% hflt tyf ;d'bfox¿ qm

=;+=

hflt qm=;+=

hflt qm=;+=

hflt qm=;+=

Hfflt

)!= s'n'ª )*= v'gfxf !%=

lGxGjf @@=

s'dL{

)@=

ofDkm"

)(= s]j/t !^=

x\o"N5f]b"g

@#=

ykNof Jof;L

)#=

cf7kxl/of

!)= uf]+8 !&= cdft @$=

lnldoF

)$= nf]xf]¿ª

!!= s]j6-sfkl8_

!*= vl8of @%=

lª:ofª

)%=

/fgfyf¿ !@=

sfdf{/f]ª !(= lj/f6 /fhj+zL

)^=

d'08f !#=

lgiffb @)=

3\ofN;'Dbf] gfkf{

)&= ;f]gfxf !$ 6\x"Sr'n'ª

@!=

u8]l/of -e]l8x/_

gf]6M sfo{bnsf] l;kmfl/;df gk/]sf t/ k|lti7fgsf] dfkb08x¿ k'u]sf] egL ;"rLs/0fsfnflu ;+3if{ ul//x]sf yk ;d'bfox¿ afGtjf, rflDn8, y'n'ª, vflnª, aflxª, ltn'ª, ;fDkfª, gfl5l/ª, d]jfxfª, h]/f], vjf;, 3n], 8f]g], s'Desf/ s'dfn, s7l/of yf¿ / vfd cflb /x]sf5g\ . -s'n hg;+Vof #Ü _

;~rf/ eGgfn] s] a'lemG5< cfˆgf cfjfhx¿ cleJoQm ug{;Sg],

ax;df ;xeflu x'g;Sg] / cflbjf;L hghfltsf] hLjgx¿df c;/kfg]{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ;~rf/ xf] eGg] a'em\g'kb{5.

-Communication for Empowerment in Nepal(C4E), An Assessment of communication and media needs among indigenous peoples-2009, UNDP(RCB), Social Change Consortium and UNDEF, Terms and Definitions_

;"rgf eGgfn] s] a'lemG5< ……;"rgfÚÚ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs

lgsfoaf6 ;Dkfbg x'g] jf ePsf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] sfd, tT;DaGwL sf/jfxL jf lg0f{o;Fu ;DalGwt s'g} lnvt, ;fdu|L jf hfgsf/L ;Demg' k5{ . -;"rgfsf] xs ;DaGwL P]g–@)^$, bkmf–@-v__

;jfn tyf clwsf/x¿sf] a'emfOdfkm{t cflbjf;L hghflt ;zlQms/0fsf]nflu ;"rgf Ps k"j{ ;t{ xf] .-C4E, Terms & Definitions, 2009, UNDP, RCO,

Bangkok_

;"rgfsf] xs eGgfn] s] a'lemG5<

……;"rgfsf] xsÚÚ eGgfn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ;"rgf dfUg] / kfpg] clwsf/ ;Demg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] ;fj{hlgs lgsfodf /x]sf] s'g} lnvt, ;fdu|L jf ;f] lgsfosf] sfd sf/jfxLsf] cWoog jf cjnf]sg ug]{, To:tf] lnvtsf] k|dfl0ft k|ltlnlk k|fKt ug]{, ;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ e}/x]sf] :ynsf] e|d0f / cjnf]sg ug]{, s'g} ;fdu|Lsf] k|dfl0ft gd"gf lng] jf s'g} klg lsl;dsf] oGqdf /flvPsf] ;"rgf To:tf] oGq dfkm{t k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ hgfpF5 .

-;"rgfsf] xssf] P]g­@)^$ / lgodfjnL­@)^%_

k[i7e"dLM æg]kfnL ldl8ofdf afx'g, If]qL / s]xL g]jf/ k'?if

xfjL 5g\ . o; sf/0fn] ;dfhsf] ax'ntf / ljljwtfsf] g]kfnL ld8ofn] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnL ldl8ofsf] ljZj;lgotf / k|hftflGqs ;+/rgfdf k|Zg lrGx nufpg] 7fpF 5 .Æ -jGt, k|To'if @)%* M æg]kfnL ldl8ofsf] jt{dfg l:yltÆ , g]kfnL ldl8ofdf blnt / hghflt -;Dkf= k|To'if jGt / z]v/ k/fh'nL_, Pstf a'S;, sf7df8f}+ . k[i7 !%_

b]zsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf;sfnflu ;dfj]lzs/0fsf] ckl/xfo{tf Pp6f :yflkt l;4fGt eO;s]sf] 5 . -;dfj]zL ldl8of cfof]usf] k|ltj]g, @)^# -;g\ @))^__

k[i7e"dLM

;a} juL{s/0f tyf lje]bx¿ g]kfnnfO{ lxGb" clw/fHo / g]kfnL jf v; efiffnfO{ Ps dfq ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff 3f]if0ff ug]{ ;/sf/L gLlt vf;u/L ;g\ !(^) sf] lgb{nLo /fhg}lts k|0ffnLåf/f ;'b[9 kfl/Psf x'g\ . o; ;Fu;Fu} o;n] g]kfnsf] ax'wflds{, ax'hftLo, ax';f+:s[lts / ax'eflifs rl/qnfO{ a]jf:tf u¥of] / v; eflifs tyf ;f+:s[lts clt/fi6«jfbsf] l;h{gf u¥of] / of] gLlt ;g\ !(() df nf]stGqsf] k'gMaxfnLkl5 klg sfod} /xof] . -g]kfn dfgjclwsf/ k|ltj]bg–;g\ @))( -@)^^_, ;+o'Qm /fli6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd, k[=!*_

k[i7e"dLMo cflbjf;L hghflt ;d"xsf kqsf/x¿ tyf÷jf

Jofj;flos ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] Go"g k|ltlglw / ltgLx¿sf] l;ldt Ifdtf, cGo ;d"xx¿sf kqsf/x¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿;DaGwL ePsf] l;ldt 1fgn] :yflgo tyf /fli6«o:t/sf ;fj{hlgs ax;x¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf cfjfhx¿ / ;xeflutfnfO{ ;+s"lrt kf/]sf] 5, h;n] gLlt lgdf{0fsf k|lqmofsf ;fy} ltgLx¿sf hLjgx¿nfO{ c;/ kfg]{ lg0f{ox¿nfO{ k|efj kfg]{ jf :j¿k k|bfg ug]{ ub{5 . -g]kfndf ;zlQms/0fsfnflu ;~rf/ -C4E,­Report,­UNDP_, k|ltj]bg–@))(-O{=;+=_

d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿k|lt cflbjf;L hghfltsf] a'emfO{• d"nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿n] cflbjf;L

hghfltsf] ;jfnx¿sf] ;dfrf/ ;fdfGotof ;+k|]if0f ub}{g .

• ;+k|]ifLt ;dfrf/ klg lgikIf, ;sf/fTds tyf k|efjsf/L ?kdf gug]{ .

• ;+rf/ gLlt c;dfj]zL 5 .• clwsf/ / klxrfgsf]

cfGbf]ngnfO{ d'nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodn] hftLotf / ;fDk|bflostf;Fu hf]8\g] .

IPs=6 min. and Non-IPs=450 minute

IPs News in three Mainstream Print Media

d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿sf] cflbjf;L hghfltk|ltsf] a'emfO{

• cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/df cfwfl/t ;jfnx¿ hftLo, ;fDk|bflos / ljv08gjfbL pGd'v /x]sf] .

• cfˆgf ;jfnx¿sf] k|:t'ltdf pu|tf tyf cltjfbsf] xfjL .• cfˆgf ;jfnx¿ d"nwf/sf

;+rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ a'emfpg] kxnx?sf] cefj .• cflbjf;L hghfltsf cflwsf/d"vL d'2f jf pgLx?

sf] ;F:s[lt, k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhx? ahf/df 7"nf] dxTjsf] x'Fb}g eGg] ;Dkfbsx?sf] a'emfO{ 5 . -kmf]lgh cWoog k|ltj]bg–@)!$O{=;+=_

• :jtGq / Jofj;flos kqsfl/tfsf] cEof; ug{ glbO{ kqsfl/tfdfly xdnf ug]{ u/]sf] -@)^* ;fn h]7 &, * / ( sf] 36gf_

k[i7e"dLM

• b]zsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf;sfnflu ;dfj]lzs/0fsf] ckl/xfo{tf Pp6f :yflkt l;4fGt eO;s]sf] 5 . -;dfj]zL ldl8of cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg_

• ;~rf/ ̷ ;~rf/dfWoddf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;xeflutfsf] cj:yf -Go"g_ / cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;dfhtkm{ ;+rf/dfWod -ldl8of_ sf] c;/ g]kfndf ;d:ofu|:t ;jfnx¿ x'g\ . -Participation­of­Indigenous­Peoples­in­Mass­Media­A­Case­Study­of­FM­Radios­in­Kavrepalanchowk,­Nepal,­Prakash­Sapkota-2013,­P.2_

• d"No dfGotf cg's'n cflbjf;L hghflt / ;+rf/dfWodaLr cfk;L ;Gt'li6 gePsf] cj:yf .

;+rf/dfWodMkl/efiffM-s_cfd;~rf/dfWod Ps ;d"x xf] h;n] lgwf{l/t

d"No;lxtsf] ;Gb]zx¿ lgdf{0f ub{5 / tL ;Gb]zx¿nfO{ ljz]if hgdfg;sf] aLrdf ljlzi6 nIo xfl;n ug{sfnflu ljt/0f ub{5 . tL ;d"xdf ;dfrf/kq, rnlrq lgdf{0fzfnf, 6]lnlehg ;~hfn, /]l8of] :6]zgx¿, / tyfslyt …PsLs[t ;+~rf/Ú cflb ;a} hf] dflg; tyf sDkgLx¿sf] c+z xf] / ;fd"lxstf;+u ;DaGw /fVb5 . (http://www.understandmedia.com/ml-basics/8-what-is-the-media)

;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8ofM kl/efiff -qmdzM_

kl/efiffM-v_ cfd;~rf/dfWodsf ;a}If]q -d'Vou/L ldl8od\

j]e\, ;6{j]e\, Pkm\Pd\ tyf OG6/g]6 /]l8of] k|;f/0f, 6]lnlehg k|;f/0f -s]an, :of6nfO6 / OG6/g]6 k|f]6f]sn 6]lnlehg;lxt_ 5fkfsf ;~rf/dfWod, lj1fkg tyf rnlrq_ ;a} o; gLltsf] If]qleq kb{5 . k|;f/0f, 5fkfvfgf tyf k|sfzg, lj1fkg tyf rnlrq ;DaGwL ;a} lgodx¿ o; gLltsf] k|efjleq kb{5 . (Nepal Media Policy, 2012, Rev.0-3)

-s_ d'nwf/d'nwf/sf ldl8of tyf ;+rf/dfWod tL x'g\ h;n] 7"nf] dfqfdf ljt/0f ub{5g\, h;sf sf/0f ;~rf/dfWodsf ax'dt kf7sx¿;Fu ;fdgf x'G5 . pQm zAbn] tL ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ klg a'emfpFb5 h;n] ljBdfg k|rngdf /x]sf ljrf/, k|efj of ultljlwx¿nfO{ k|ltlalDat ub{5 . (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainstream_media)

;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8of M k|sf/

;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8ofM k|sf/-v_ j}slNksM!=;fdfGoM Jofj;flos ;~rfng jf l;l08s]6 jf ;/sf/L lgsfosf]

lgoGq0fdf g/x]sf s'g} klg k|sf/sf ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ j}slNks ;~rf/dfWodsf]¿kdf lnOG5 . o;¿ksf] ;~rf/dfWoddf k/Dk/fut ¿ksf] ;dfrf/kq tyf DofuhLgx¿ jf /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, / rnlrqx¿ kg{ ;Sb5g\ . j}slNks ;~rf/dfWoddf j]A;fO6x¿, O{–a'sx¿ tyf O{–DofuhLgx¿, ;'Gg] tyf x]g]{ lel8of] of cgnfOgdf pknAw x'g] gofF k|sf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿ klg kg{ ;Sb5g\ . 7'nf ;~rf/dfWod of ;/sf/L lgoGq0fsf] ;~rf/dfWoddf k|:t't ul/PsfeGbf km/s b[li6sf]0f /fVg' j}slNks ;~rf/dfWosf] sfo{ xf] .(http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-alternative-media.htm)

;+rf/dfWod tyf ldl8ofM @=@=-v_ j}slNksM

@= ;fd'bflos klqsfl/tf……;fd'bflos ;+rf/ ;d'bfosf] pGgltsfnflu ;d'bfosf ;jfnx¿sf ljifosf] ;dfrf/x¿;lxt ;d'bfon] k|bfg ug]{ l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df x'G5 h;sf] rog / k}/jL ;d'bfon] ub{5 / ;fdfGotof ;d'bfonfO{ ;dy{g ub{5 .ÚÚ -Warner Charles)

#= gful/s :jo+ -gful/s kqsfl/tf_Jofj;flos kqsf/x¿h:tf] k|lzlIft gul/Psf gful/af6 ;dfrf/ tyf ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, n]vg, ;Dkfbg, pTkfbg / ljt/0f ul/g] kqsfl/tf gful/s kqsfl/tf xf] .-http://www2.uncp.edu/home/acurtis/Courses/ResourcesForCourses/ Journalism/CitizenJournalism.html_

Warner Charles, University of Missouri School of Journalism, the USA,

j}slNks tyf ;fd'bflos k|sfzg gkfOPsf @^ cflbjf;L

hghfltx¿M != ls;fg @= ugufO{, #= emfu8, $= tfªa], %= bg'jf/, ^= b/fO{ &= a/fd, *=d'ufn, (= d]r], !)= /fhj+zL, !!= /fhL, !@= nfKrf, !#= nfs]{, !$= jfn'ª, !%= JofF;L, !^= ;Gyfn, !&= l;of/, !*= xfo', !(= Xof]Ndf], @)= y'bfd, @!= ;'/]n, @@= wfg's, @#= s'rjf8Lof, @$= Nxf]kf, @%= /fp6] / @^= s';'G8fn] cfh;Dd Pp6f :dfl/sf ;d]t k|sfzg ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ .-kmf]lgh cWoog–@)&)_

;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L nf]stGqsf] ;+:yfut ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpgsf

nflu cfd ;~rf/sf dfWod k|lta4 / x/bd lqmofzLn /xg'k5{ . ltgn] /fHosf] ljleGg lqmofsnfknfO{ ljZj;gLo, tYok/s, j:t'ut, lgeL{s / ;Gt'lnt 9+uaf6 hg;dIf k'¥ofpg'k5{ . nf]stflGqs ;+:sf/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ / ;fdflhs ;b\efj Pjd\ ;fd~h:o clej[l4nfO{ ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] cfkm\gf] k|d'v bfloTj 7fGg'kb{5 . -e"dLsf,/fw]Zofd clwsf/L, cWoIf, pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u, @)^#_

;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L jt{dfgdf d'n'ssf ;a} If]qdf

k'gM;+/rgf / ;dfj]lztfsf] ax; cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 / o; ax;af6 ;~rf/ If]q klg 6f9f /xg ;Sb}g, t;y{ g]kfnL ;~rf/ dfWodn] PsnjfbL ;f]r, ;+/rgf / ;fdu|Lsf] bfo/faf6 dfly p7\b} nf]stGqsf] lbuf] ljsf;, hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ zf;gk|0ffnL, ;|f]t;fwgsf] Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f, ;a} ju{,;d'bfosf] ;fd"lxs lxtdf cfˆgf] e"ldsf lj:tf/ ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . -;~rf/ dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u,@)^(, !=#= ;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f lsg <_

;+rf/dfWodsf] pQ/bfloTj tyf lhDd]jf/L

;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj lg0f{ox¿ ug{sfnflu lg0f{ostf{x¿sf] sQ{Jo xf] h;n] ltgLx¿sf cfˆgf lxt;lxt ;du|df ;dfh sNof0fsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;'wf/ ub{5 .

-Keith Davis, Management Innovations, cited on Student’s Research, Global Media Journal – Indian Edition/ Summer Issue / June 2011, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE OBLIGATION OF MASS MEDIA, Shabarni Basu)

• …wfld{s, n}+lus,ef}uf]lns tyf hftLo lje]b ef]lu/x]sf hgtf tyf ;dfg cj;/af6 jl~rt kIfsf tkm{af6 cfjfh p7fpg' ;~rf/ hutsf] st{Jo x'g cfpF5 . -pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u @)^#_

Jofj;flos ;+:yfgx¿sf] % ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjx¿M–

• Joj;fo ;dfhd} /xg] / ;dfhs}nflu ul/g] ePsf]n] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj ;fdflhs zlQmaf6} p7\b5 .

1. bf]xf]/f] v'nf ;~rfng k|0fflndf cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5-s_ ;dfhaf6 lngsfnflu v'nf x'g'kg]{ / -v_ hgtfsfnflu o;sf] ;~rfng v'nf ul/g' kg]{ .

1. lqmofsnfk, pTkfbg jf ;]jfsf] ;fdflhs nfut tyf nfex¿ /fd|/L lgsfNg' kb{5 / To;;+u cufl8 a9g] ls ga9g] eGg] lg0f{odf ljrf/ ug'{ kb{5 .

2. k|To]s lqmofsnfk, pTkfbg jf ;]jf;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdflhs nfutx¿ pkef]QmfnfO{ k|bfg ug'{kb{5 .

3. lglZrt ;fdflhs ;d:ofx¿df ;+nUg x'gsfnflu Jofj;flos ;+:yfgx¿sf] gful/sx¿ em}+ pQ/bfloTj /xG5 h'g cfˆgf] ;fdfGo sfo{;~rfngsf] If]qx¿eGbf aflx/sf x'G5g\ . -Keith-Davis 5 Model of CSR, Managementt Innovations)

;~rf/dfWodx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf dfgjclwsf/sf] af/]df

ePsf k|fjwfg cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;l3o

3f]if0ffkq–@))&-O{=;+=_ sf] wf/f–!^=!=o……cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ pgLx¿sf] cfˆg} efiffdf

cfˆg} ;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug]{ / s'g} e]befjlagf ;a} k|sf/sf u}/cflbjf;L ;~rf/dfWoddf kx'Fr k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/ 5 ÚÚ

cflbjf;L hghflt;DaGwL cGt/fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf] dxf;lGw–!^( sf] wf/f–#)=@=o cfˆg} ;~rf/dfWod :yfkgf ug{ kfOg] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

;~rf/dfWod, ;+qmd0fsfn / åGbaLrsf] cGt/;DaGw

;~rf/lj1 dpnfgfåf/f k|ltkflbt …lge{/tfsf] l;4fGtÚ cg';f/ åGb / ;+qmd0fsf] ;dodf cfd;~rf/dfWoddflysf] lge{/tf a9\g] u5{ .-lbSkfn_

cfd;~rf/dfWodx¿n] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] e"ldsf lgjf{x gu/L pTkLl8t / cNk;+Vosx¿sf] cfjfhnfO{ g;d]6g] xf] eg] ;dfhdf åGb a9\g ;Sb5 . -Gofcf]nL lgpDofg, :kfO/n ckm ;fOn]G;sf] l;4fGt, lbskfn_

pRr:t/Lo ldl8of ;'emfj cfof]u–@)^#

• kqsfl/tfsf] If]qdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{kg]{ .

• o:tf kqsf/x¿sf] ;Lk ljsf;sf lglDt tflnd / k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5 .

• o; lglDt ;Da4 ;~rf/ dfWodsf cltl/Qm /fHon] ;d]t nufgL ug'{ h?/L 5 .

• ;~rf/ dfWodx¿n] kqsf/x¿sf] ;]jfsfnLg tflndnfO{ ljz]if dxTj / ;x'lnot lbg'kb{5 .

• /fli6«o ;~rf/ gLltdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] ljifonfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g'kg]{ .

;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^(

;~rf/dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] p2]Zo;dfj]zL eGgfn] /fHoåf/f hfgL–hfgL jf c~hfgdf

/fHosf] ;|f]t, ;fwgdf kx'Fr / ;]jf ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt u/fOPsf jf x'g k'u]sf ;d'bfo / If]qnfO{ To:tf] ;|f]t / ;fwgdf kx'Fr k'¥ofO{ ;]jf / ;'ljwf kfpgsf nflu ;dfg ¿kn] ;xefuL x'g kfpg] k|lqmof ;'lglZrt ug'{sf ;fy} lghL If]qnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f k|lqmofdf k|f]T;flxt ub{} ;'ljwfaf6 jl~rt ;d"xnfO{ lghL ;|f]tdf klg kx'Fr pknAw u/fpg] eGg] a'lemG5 . To:tf ju{ / ;d'bfonfO{ /fHosf] d"n k|jfxdf ;dflxt ub}{ nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHo lgdf{0f ug'{ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] d"n p2]Zo xf] .

;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ d+qfnosf] sfo{If]q

hgtfsf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] cfwf/e"t d"No tyf dfGotfx¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf P]Soa4tfsf] ;xlhs/0f ug{ / /f;i6«olxtsf] pRr k|fyldstf cg';f/ /fli6«o Pstfsfnflu ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg' .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf k|d'v ;jfnx?M– :jklxrfg,

:jtGq k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdlt, ;dfj]zLo ;dfg'kflts k|ltlglwTj

o cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/o gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/

dlxnf, afnaflnsf, lszf]/, o'jf, kl/kSj ;d"x -$!–^$ jif{_ / j[4

lje]bsf] Go"lgs/0f / ;dtfd'ns ;dfgtfsf] k|a4{g

:jzf;g / :jfoQtfsfnflu ;+l3otf klxrfg;lxtsf] ;+l3otf ;+l3otf;lxtsf] ;+ljwfg

;~rf/ If]qdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] k|of;M– g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] sfo{;ldltdf dlxnf, blnt,

cflbjf;L hghflt-@_ / dw]zL ;d'bfosf $ hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:osf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ef}uf]lns If]qaf6 s]Gb|df k|To]s ljsf; If]qaf6 @.@ hgf / pkTosfaf6 @ hgf u/L !@ hgf s]Gb|Lo ;b:odf lgjf{lrt x'g] Joj:yf .

k|]; rf}tf/L g]kfnn] cflbjf;L hghfltsfnflu @, dw]zLsf –@, blnt–! / kfFr ljsf; If]qaf6 !.! hgf dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf 5 .

g]kfn k|]; o'lgogn] cflbjf;L hghflt–!, dw]zL–!, blnt–! / dlxnf pkfWoIf–!, clgjfo{ Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 .

lgisif{M ldl8ofdf cfPsf ;dfrf/x?sf] ;dfj]zL /fHo / bLuf] nf]stGqsfnflu

pGd'v 5g\ 5}gg\ eGg] dfkb08x? lgwf{/0f gePsfn] cg'udg ug]{ lgsfox? ;d]t k/Dk/fut sfo{If]qd} l;ldt /xL/x]sf 5g\ .

ljZj;gLotf, lgikIftf / kf7ssf] sf]0faf6 d'nwf/sf lglh ldl8of lgSs} z;Qm b]lvPsf] 5 t/ of] ;dfj]zL x'g ;s]sf] 5}g / Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxg klg cfjZos dfqfdf x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] ldl8ofdf /x]sf l;ldt cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfoaf6 ;"rgf k|jfxdf 7"nf] ;xof]usf] ck]Iff ug{] u/]sf] t/ ;~rf/dfWod / To;sf hgzlQmx? ;+j]bgzLn gePsf sf/0f cfk;L åGb / b'/L a9g] u/]sf] 5 .

;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^( n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf ;~rf/dfWodsf dfkb08x¿ ;~rf/ P]g, sfg'g, gLlt, lgoddf kl/0ft u/L sfof{Gjog gul/~h]n ljBdfg ;fdflhs åGbsf] lg/fs/0f x'g] cfwf/ b]lvb}g .

;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{ ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo

cfof]u—@)^( n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ gLlt lgdf{0f agfpg ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df kx'Fr u/fpg ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .

/fli6«o:t/df d'nwf/sf :ynut ;+rf/sdL{x¿, Go"h¿dsf] ljifout ;Dkfbs jf cflwsfl/s ;~rf/ld{x¿;Fu ;dGjo ug]{ .

:yflgo tyf lhNnf:t/df kmf]lghsf] zfvfdfkm{t g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3nufot ;+rf/sld{x¿sf] ljleGg ;+hfn ̷ ;+3 ̷dxf;+3;Fu ;dGjo u/L hg:t/df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr d'nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿df k'¥ofpg kxn ug]{ .

;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{ /fli6«o:t/df kmf]lghn] cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr

d'nwf/sf] ;+rf/dfWodx¿df k'¥ofpg d'nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf gLlt lgdf{0fstf{, nuflgstf{, k|wfg;Dkfbs, tyf Joj:yfkg kIf;Fu cf ̷ h sf ;jfnx¿k|lt ;+rf/dfWodx¿sf] ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] af/]df ;d]t 5nkmn ug{ u/fpg-g]lkmg;lxt_ ;dGjo ug]{ .

bL3{sflng /0fgLlts ;fem]bf/L sfo{qmd ̷ sfo{of]hgf cGt{ut eO/x]sf cflbjf;L hghflt ;+rf/sdL{x¿sf] Jofj;flos Ifdtfsf ;fy} tYout k}/jL Ifdtfsf] ;d]t ljsf; ug'{kg]{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] kx'Fr a[l4 u/fpg yk hgzlQmx¿ lgdf{0f u/L ;dfj]zL ldl8ofsf] l;4fGtx¿ sfof{Gjog u/fpg d"nwf/sf ;+rf/dfWodx¿;Fu ;dGjo ug'[{kg]{ .

;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{

g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3(NFFIN), /fli6«o cflbjf;L hghflt dlxnf dxf;+3 (NIWF), cflbjf;L tyf hghflt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3–g]kfn-NGO-FONIN), cflbjf;L hghflt o"jf dxf;+3(YFIN), cflbjf;L hghflt ljBfyL{ dxf;+3(FINS), cflbjf;L hghflt u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf dxf;+3-NGO-

FION), cflbjf;L ls/ft dxf;+3 -FIKA), cflbjf;L hghflt ;"rLs/0f ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldlt (JSCEOIPs) cflbsf] k|ltlglwx¿ / d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf] k|ltlglwx¿aLr Ps ;+rf/ ;dfj]zL ;d"x lgdf{0fsfnflu 5nkmn sfo{qmd /fvL d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿sf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg Jofjxfl/s pkfox¿sf] klxrfg ug]{ .

;/sf/L tyf gLlh ldl8ofnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg …;dfj]zL ldl8of ;'emfa pRr:t/Lo cfof]u–@)^(Ún] lbPsf] k|ltj]bgsf] sfo{Gjogsf nflu kxn ug{'kg]{ .

• ldl8ofn] ug{ ;Sg] k}/jL -PS6Llehd_ / p;sf] l;ldttfaf/] clwsf/jfbL ;+:yf, ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfoaLr lg/Gt/ ;Dafb ug{]

Joint Struggle Committee of Enlistment Oriented Indigenous Peoples (JSCEOIPs)

;'emfjx?M–kmf]lghn] ug'{kg]{

cflbjf;L hghflt ;d'bfosf JolQmx?nfO{ ldl8of If]qdf nfUg clek|]l/t ug{]

b]z tyf ljb]zdf cflbjf;L ldl8ofsdL{x?aLr cfk;df cg'ejx? cfbfgk|bfgsf] qmd lg/Gt/ hf/L /fVg]

b]zleq / aflx/ cflbjf;L hghflt ldl8ofsdL{x?sf] ;fd"lxs ;~hfn sdg g]6jls{ª k2tLsf] ljsf; ug]{

b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf ;~rfngdf cfPsf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/d'vL ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] /fli6«o ;~hfn ljsf; ug]{

;~rf/If]qsf pBdzLn cflbjf;L hghfltsf JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿n]

ug'{kg]{–• ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL

pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo ug{ .

lbuf] ;+rf/dfWod Joj:yfkg k2ltaf/] cGo ljrf/ ldNg] pBdsdL{x;Fu 5nkmn rnfpg],

cflbjf;L hghflt pBdzLnx¿sf] nuflgx? Plss[t ug{sf nflu ;Defljt If]qx?sf] vf]hL ug]{,

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;fd"lxs clwsf/sf ;jfnx? cfd;~rf/dfWoddf Nofpg OdfGbfl/tfsf;fy kxn ug{'kg]{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ug'{kg]{M– ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL

pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo ug{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] cfd;~rf/df ;jfnx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ k'¥ofO/xg lglZrt dfkb08x¿ lgwf{/0f u/L cfly{s sf]if v8f ug]{ / ;f] sf]ifaf6 ;~rf/dfWoddf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ kmf]lghdfkm{t cfly{s nufot Ifdtf cg';f/sf] cGo ;xof]ux¿ pknAw u/fpg] .

;+o'Qm ;dGjo ;d"xsf] 5nkmnaf6 klxrfg ul/Psf pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;DalGwt cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ;lqmo e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+3;+:yfx¿n] ug'{kg]{M– k|efjsf/Ltfsfnflu cfˆgf ;jfnx¿sf] cleJolQm lzi6, ;Eo,

tYout, tfls{s efiff z}lndf /fVg] sf}zntf ljsf; ug'{kg{] .

j}slNks, ;fd'bflos ;+rf/dfWodx¿nufot ;fdflhs ;+hfn tyf gful/s kqsfl/tfx¿sf] clwstd k|of]u ug'{kg]{ .

ldl8ofsdL{x?;Fu cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] clwsf/ / klxrfgaf/] 3lge"t 5nkmn ug]{

g]kfn cflbjf;L hghflt dxf;+3 -g]lkmg_ n] kmf]lghsf] ;xlhs/0fdf lgoldt ldl8of cg'udg ug'{kg]{ / ;f] sf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/L k}/jLsfnflu Ps cf}hf/sf?kdf k|ltj]bg k|of]u ul/g'kg]{ .

cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{

• ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] ljleGg sfo{qmdxnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ .

cflbjf;L hghflt ldl8ofsdL{ tyf cflbjf;L hghfltsf] clwsf/sf nflu ;sf/fTds ;f]r /fVg] ldl8ofsdL{ bIftf clea[l4 / k|f]T;fxgsf nflu tflnd, k'/:sf/, cWooga[lQ cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{

cflbjf;L hghfltsf] ;+rf/ If]qsf] ljsf; sfo{qmdx¿df kmf]lghnO{ cfly{s, ef}lts tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ .

cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;+:yfx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] lgoldt ;+:yfut ljsf;sf cg'bfgaf6 ;+:yfut ;~rf/ ljsf;sfnflu of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿ lgdf{0f u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpgdf hftLo ;+:yfx¿nfO{ clek|]l/t ug]{ .

cflbjf;L hghflt pTyfg /fli6«o k|lti7fgn] ug'{kg]{

s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu;Fu ;dGjo u/L cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;fF:s[lts, /fhg}lts, :jf:Yo cflb ;a} If]qx¿df /x]sf] 6f]n, j8f, ufpF, Onfsf, lhNnf, If]q / s]Gb|;Ddsf] jf:tljs tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ .

k|fKt vl08s[t tYofÍsf] cfwf/df bL3{sflng /0fgLlts sfo{qmd / sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f u/L r/0fa4¿kdf ;/sf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿;Fu ;Dks{ u/L cfjZos cfly{s ;|f]tsf] k|:tfj /fVg] / k|fKt ePsf ;|f]tx¿sf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] cltl/Qm?kdf ug'{kg]{M–

;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg' kg]{ .

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf ;~rf/;DaGwL cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt ug{sfnflu ;~rf/dfWodx¿sf] cfGtl/s gLltx¿df;d]t Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj sfof{Gjog ug{ nfpg'kg]{ .

;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] dfkb08x¿ clwsf/df cfwfl/t ljsf;jflb, ;dfj]zL ;dfg'kflts tyf cy{k"0f{ ;xeflutfsf l;4fGtx¿df cfwfl/t /fVg nufpg' kg]{ .

;+rf/ P]g, sfg'g, gLlt, lgod, ljlgod, lgb]{lzsf tyf cfrf/;+lxtf sf] lgdf{0f ubf{ kmf]lghsf] ;xeflutf cy{k"0f{¿kdf x'g]u/L u/fpg' kg]{ .

;+rf/;DaGwL ljsf;sf of]hgf lgdf{0f, sfof{Gjog / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg sfo{x¿df kmf]lghsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

ljsf;] ;fem]bf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿n] ug'{kg]{M–

;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ sfof{Gjog u/fpg] sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

b'O{kIfLo, ax'klIfo jf cGo s'g} klg k|sf/sf] ;~rf/;DaGwL ;xof]u cfbfg k|bfg ubf{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gåf/f k|Tofe"t ;+rf/;DaGwL cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/x¿ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ .

ljsf;] ;fem]bf/ tyf bft[lgsfox¿n] cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ If]qx¿df ;+rf/;DaGwLsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ubf{ ltgLx¿sf] :jtGq k"j{ ;';"lrt ;xdltsf] clwsf/nfO{ cjnDag ug‘{kg]{ .

d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ug'{kg]{M– ;~rf/dfWodx¿nfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL

pRr:t/Lo cfof]u, @)^# sf] k|ltj]bgsf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ cfTd;ft u/L sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ / u/fpgdf ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

;~rf/dfWodx¿df Jofj;flos ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj jxgsfnflu ;femf dfkb08x¿sf] ljsf; ug'{kg]{ / ;f] sf] sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg cfjlws¿kdf ug]{ jf u/fpg' kg]{ .

pbfx/0fsf] nflu ^)Ü ;dfrf/ tyf n]v / $)Ü lj1fkg cflb of cGo cfwf/

. If]qut k|sfzg x'g] k[i7x¿sf] ;Gbe{df ;f]xL If]qdf /x]sf hfthflt hghfltut hg;+Vofsf] k|ltlglwTj u/fpg] dfkb08x¿ lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 .

d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx?n] ug'{kg]{M–• cflbjf;L hghfltsf cfjfhx¿nfO{ Gofo k|bfg

ug{sfnflu plrt 9Ën] ;dfrf/ ;+k|]if0f ug{– l/kf]6{/, – k|d'v l/kf]6{/, – ljefluo k|d'v, – Go"h ;Dkfbs, – pk–k|wfg;Dkfbs / – k|wfg–;Dkfbsx¿ ;d]tnfO{

cflwsf/df cfwfl/t kqsfl/tf nufot cflbjf;L hghfltsf dfgjclwsf/sf af/]df cWoog dgg ug]{ jf u/fpg] gLlt cjnDag ug'{kg]{ .

d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rf/sld{x?n] ug'{kg]{M–

;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug]{ ;DaGwL pRr:t/Lo cfof]u—@)^( n] k]z u/]sf] k|ltj]bg nfu' ug{ u/fpg kxn ug'{kg]{ .

d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodx¿df ;+nUg ;~rf/sld{x¿n] JolQmut Ifdtf / kx'Frsf cfwf/df klg cflbjf;L hghfltsf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s p7fg ug{ u/fpg Go"h Pl86/ ;dIf kxn ug'{kg]{ .

d"nwf/sf ;~rf/dfWodsf ;~rf/sdL{x¿n] cflbjf;L hghflt ;~rf/sdL{x¿;Fu / cflbjf;L hghfltsf clwsf/sdL{ tyf ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu lg/Gt/ ;Dks{df /xL cflbjf;L hghfltx¿sf] dd{ / ;jfnnfO{ a'emg] k|oTg u/L d"nwf/sf ;rf/dfWodx¿df ltgLx¿sf ;jfnx?nfO{ :yfg pknAw u/fpg ;lsg] pkfox¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg ;xlhs/0f ug]{ u/fpg] .

cGtdfM ;~rf/dfWod / nf]stGqsf] ;DaGw

/fli6«o d"nwf/sf ldl8ofdf hftLo ;d"xx?sf] hlt hlt k|ltlglwTj a9\b} hfG5, Tolt g} ltgsf] ;fd'lxs cfjfh k|hftflGqs Pjd\ kl/jt{gsf/L aGb} hfg] . -l;s]nfn,e"ldsf, g]kfnL ldl8ofdf blnt tyf hghflt_

cg';"rL–!M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^(#=! /fli6«o:t/sf] ;~rf/ dfWodsf dfkb08x¿ M

• ;~rf/ ;+:yfdf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DjGwL gLlt k"0f{ ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù

• ;+:yfsf] cfˆg} n}lËs gLlt tyf cfly{s kf/blz{tf x'g'kb{5Ù• hgzlQm lgo'lQm k|lqmofnfO{ ;dfj]zLs/0f ug{sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n]

c+lusf/ u/]sf] dfkb08nfO{ cg';/0f u/]sf] x'g'kb{5Ù• ;+:yfsf] sfof{no Joj:yfkg / sfo{ jftfj/0f dlxnfd}qL / ckfËd}qL ePsf]

x'g'kb{5Ù• ;+:yfsf] gLlt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL,

d'l:nd ;d'bfo, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù

• ;+:yfsf] ;dfrf/ sIfdf dlxnf, cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug{] ;~rf/sdL{sf] pkl:ylt x'g'kb{5 / cf–cfˆgf] If]qsf ;~rf/ ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg tyf ;Dkfbg sfo{df k|d'v e"ldsf lgjf{x pgLx¿nfO{ g} ug{ lbOg'kb{5Ù

• b]zsf] %) Ü eGbf a9L hg;ª\Vof If]qdf ljt/0f k|;f/0f k'u]sf] x'g'kb{5Ù• dfgj ;+;fwg / ;~rf/ ;fdu|Ldf ljt/0f÷k|;f/0f If]qleqsf ;a} cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

;f+:s[lts, wfld{s, n}lËs / eflifs / ;d'bfout ;d"xsf] k|ltztsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj ePsf] x'g'kb{5Ù

• ljifoj:t' / sfo{qmddf ef}uf]lns, If]qLo / d'2fut ;Gt'ng sfod ul/Psf] x'g'kb{5 .

cg';"rL–@M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^(#=# ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodn] rfng'kg{] sbdx¿ M

• ljifoj:t tyf hgzlQmnfO{ lglZrt dfkb08sf cfwf/df k"0f{ ;dfg'kflts agfpg'kb{5Ù

• dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d'l:nd, tyf lk5l8Psf ;d'bfo jf ju{sf efiff, ;+:s[lt, k/Dk/fsf ljifox¿nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ lgikIf ¿kdf k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug'{kb{5Ù

• ;dfj]zL leqsf] ;dfj]zLnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf /fv]/ ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf] ljljwtfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .

• ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodsf] kx'Fr ztk|ltzt hg;ª\Vof If]qdf k'¥ofpg'kb{5Ù• s]Gb|df dfq sfo{qmd lgdf{0f ug]{ kl/kf6L qmdzM cGTo u/L If]qLo:t/df

pTkfbg s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf u/L sfo{qmddf ljljwtf Nofpg'kb{5Ù• ;dfrf/ tyf cGo sfo{qmdx¿df If]qLo / ;d'bfout ;Gt'ng sfod ug'{kb{5Ù• cGt/lqmofTds sfo{qmdx¿df yk ljljwtf Nofpg] / To:tf sfo{qmdx¿df pkTosf

aflx/sf a'l4hLjL, ;dfh;]jL / lrGtsx¿nfO{ klg ;dfj]zL ?kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg'kb{5Ù• :yfgLo :j/ / ;dfj]zL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;dfrf/ sIfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù• >Job[Zo ;~rf/ dfWoddf sfo{qmd / ;fdu|Lsf] k|s[ltadf]lhdsf] e]ife"iff

nufpg kfpg] jf nufpg'kg{] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù• df]km;nsf] ;dfrf/ lbFbf :yfgLo ljsf;, lgdf{0f, ;f+:s[lts, z}lIfs,

ko{6sLo ;fdflhs / cfly{s kl/j]znfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5Ù • If]qLo tyf :yfgLo efiffdf klg ;/sf/n] kqklqsf k|sfzg ug'{kb{5 .

cg';"rL–#M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^(#=$ ;/sf/L ;~rf/ dfWodsf Joj:yfksLo g]t[TjnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL agfpgsfnflu

l;kmfl/;M• ;/sf/L ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;]jfsf] cjwf/0ff adf]lhd ;~rfng ug'{kb{5Ù• g]t[Tj txsf] lgo'lQm v'nf k|lt:kwf{af6 ;~rf/ If]qdf sfo{/t /x]sf dlxnf,

cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{nfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{ ul/g'kb{5Ù

• gLlt lgdf{0ftxdf lglZrt dfkb08 tf]sL dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf] clgjfo{ k|ltlglwTj u/fOg'kb{5Ù

• dw]zL, dlxnf, cflbjf;L, hghflt, blnt, d';ndfg, ckfËtf ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{d}qL ;~rf/ gLlt agfOg'kb{5 / pQm gLlt lgdf{0f ;+oGqdf tL ju{sf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg'kb{5Ù

• If]qLo pTkfbg s]Gb|df :yfgLo hgzlQmnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg'kb{5Ù• lgo'lQmdf :yfgLo cNk;ª\Vos, lk5l8Psf] hflt, cflbjf;L hghfltnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf

lbg'kb{5Ù• ;dfj]zL ;+/rgf geP;Dd dlxnf, cflbjf;L÷hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf

ePsf tyf lk5l8Psf ju{sf nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] cf/If0f ^) k|ltztdf j[l4 u/L nfu" ul/g'kb{5Ù

• Go"gtd ## k|ltzt dlxnf clgjfo{ / dlxnfleq klg cfGtl/s ;dfj]zLs/0f ul/g' kb{5 .• ;dfj]zL dfgj ;+;fwg Joj:yfkg lgb{]lzsf tof/ u/L clgjfo{ ¿kdf nfu' ug]{ .• dw]zL, dlxnf, cflbjf;L̷hghflt, blnt, d'l:nd, ckfËtf ePsf tyf k5fl8

kfl/Psf ;d'fbosf ;~rf/sdL{x¿sf] k]zfsf] ;'/Iff / /fi6«n] lgwf{/0f ul/lbP cg'¿ksf] kfl/>ldssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5Ù

• ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpgsf nflu ;d]l6g] ljifoj:t'af/] ;fdu|L tof/ kfg{sf nflu ;dfj]zL ;d"xsf kqsf/x¿nfO{ g} lgo'lQmdf klxnf] k|fyldstf lbOg'kb{5 .

cg';"rL–$M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^(#=% lghL ;~rf/dfWodsf ;fdu|L X hgzlQm Joj:yfkgnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL

agfpg rflng'kg{] sbdx¿ M• lghL ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLltsf] k"0f{ kfngf / sfof{Gjog

ug{ lgb]{zg lbg'kb{5 / To:sf] cg'udg ug'{kb{5Ù• ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf :jfldTj, ;fdu|L / ;~rf/sdL{df ax'n;xeflutf ePsf]÷gePsf]

x]/L ax'n;xeflutf ePsf ;~rf/u[xnfO{ cg'bfg÷;x'lnotsf] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5Ù• :yfgLo / If]qLo txdf ;~rflnt /]l8of] / 6]lnlehgn] cfˆgf] pkef]Qmf

If]qsf] ;fdflhs agfj6sf cfwf/df ;xeflutfsf] clgjfo{ Joj:yf ug{'kb{5 / :yfgLo /fhgLlt, cy{, ;dfh, ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/faf/] dft[efiffdf sfo{qmdx¿ pTkfbg tyf k|;f/0f ug{'kb{5Ù

• ;fd'bflos / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfdfkm{t ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;~rf/ dfWodsf sfo{;ldlt ;dfj]zL x'g}kg{] Joj:yf ug'{kb{5Ù

• :yfgLo :j/ / ;dfj]zL d'2fx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g ;dfrf/ sIfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù• dlxnf, cflbjf;L̷hghflt, blnt, dw]zL, d';ndfg, ckfËtf tyf lk5l8Psf

ju{sf ;~rf/sdL{sf] k]zfsf] ;'/Iff / /fi6«n] lgwf{/0f u/] cg'¿ksf] kfl/>ldssf] k|Tofe"lt ul/g'kb{5Ù

• ;dfj]zL gLltnfO{ clwstd ¿kdf ckgfpgsf nflu lghL ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{sf nflu To:tf ;~rf/ dfWodnfO{ k'/:s[t ul/g'sf ;fy} ;x'lnot tyf ;'ljwfsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù

• gofF ;~rf/u[xnfO{ cg'dltkq lbFbf cfjZos k|lqmof / b:tfj]hx¿df ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLltsf] kfngf ug'{kg{] zt{ ;dfj]z ug'{kb{5 .

cg';"rL–%M ;dfj]zLs/0f pRr:t/Lo cfof]u @)^(#=^ kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ yk ;dfj]zL agfpg k|]; sfplG;nn] lgjf{x ug'{kg{]

e"ldsf M• k]|; sfplG;n 5fkfdfWodsf] lgofds lgsfosf ¿kdf :yfkgf ul/Psf]n] o;sf] e"ldsf

kqklqsfsf] juL{s/0fdf g} v'lDrPsf] 5 . ljB'tLo ;~rf/dfWodnfO{ lgodg ug]{ lgsfo xfn;Dd 5}g . o:tf] l:yltdf k]|; sfplG;n P]g ;+zf]wg u/L k|;f/0f dfWodnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L kl/dfh{g ug'{kb{5Ù

• k]|; sfplG;nnfO{ …ldl8of sfplG;nÚ gfdfs/0f u/L ;a} ef}uf]lns If]q, hft–hflt, dlxnf, dw]zL, d';ndfg, lk5l8Psf] ju{, cflbjf;L÷hghfltsf k|a'4 JolQmx¿ tyf kqsf/x¿sf] k|ltlglwTj o;df u/fO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5Ù

• k]|; sfplG;n -efjL ldl8of sfplG;n_ cfkm} ;dfj]zL geO{ kqsfl/tf If]qnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfpg g;lsg] ePsf]n] o;sf] ;Ë7gfTds ;+/rgfnfO{ ;dfj]zL agfOg'kb{5 .

• k|:tfljt ldl8of sfplG;nnfO{ ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKt lgsfosf ¿kdf :yflkt ul/g'kb{5Ù

• cWoIf / ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm u}//fhg}lts?kdf ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1nfO{ ;+;b\af6 ul/g'kb{5Ù

• ;~rf/ dfWoddf ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt÷dfkb08÷cfrf/;+lxtf tof/ u/L To;sf] kfngf;DaGwL cg'udg ug]{ sfo{ oxL lgsfoaf6 x'g'kb{5Ù\

• ljleGg efiff / lnlkdf lgl:sPsf ;fd'bfout / If]qut ¿kdf lgl:sPsf klqsfx¿nfO{ klg juL{s/0fdf kf/]/ tL klqsfsf ;fy} ;DalGwt efiff / ;+:s[ltsf] ;+/If0f, k|j4{gdf of]ubfg lbg'kb{5Ù

• k|:tfljt ldl8of sfplG;n cGtu{t dft[efifL ;~rf/ OsfOsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kb{5Ù• ;~rf/ dfWodsf] d"NofÍg,cj;/̷̷cg'bfg ljt/0f sfo{nfO{ k|efjsf/L, kf/bzL{ / lgikIf

agfOg'kb{5Ù• kqklqsfsf] d"NofÍg / juL{s/0fsf] Pp6f cfwf/sf ¿kdf ;dfj]zL rl/qnfO{ k|

fyldstfsf ;fy ;d]l6g'kb{5Ù.

;dfKtw}o{tfk"j{s k|:t'tLdf ;fy lbg'

ePsf]df ;a} ;xeflu JolQmTjx¿k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5' .

 cf]nf]g"jM

wGojfbThank You

rGb|l;+x s'n'ª;+:yfks cWoIf, kmf]lgh

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