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Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
Jørn Thodesen (马大勇), PhD
Morten Rye, PhD (Dir.)
Selective Breeding Programs in Aquaculture – Achievements and Recent Developments
INTRODUCTION
• Growing world population
- requires more food production
• Stagnating wild fisheries
- requires more aquaculture
production• Restricted resources
- requires a sustainable food
production
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
BENCHMARK’S AQUACULTURE PLATFORM
AKVAFORSK GENETICS – WORLDWIDE CONSULTANCY
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
Shrimp
SELECTIVE BREEDING – MOVING THE POPULATION MEAN …
Example: Progift Nile,
China
… BY CHANGING GENE FREQUENCIES
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
Start feeding
开口喂食
Breeding
candidates
后备亲鱼
Individual
tagging
打标记
Pre-
selection
预选
Final
selection
最终选育
Test fish
试验鱼
Estimation of breeding
values and preparation of
mating plan
育种值估算及育种方案的准备
Production
of families
产生家系
Egg
incubation
孵化
Rearing until
taggable size
养殖到可打标记
Start feeding
开口喂食
Breeding
candidates
后备亲鱼
Individual
tagging
打标记
Pre-
selection
预选
Final
selection
最终选育
Test fish
试验鱼
Estimation of breeding
values and preparation of
mating plan
育种值估算及育种方案的准备
Production
of families
产生家系
Egg
incubation
孵化
Rearing until
taggable size
养殖到可打标记
Mating
designFamily
rearing
Taggin
g
Recording of
traits
Estimati
on of
breedin
g values
Base
population
INDUSTRY STANDARD: FAMILY-BASED PROGRAM
ATLANTIC SALMON
ATLANTIC SALMON: BREEDING OBJECTIVE
300 families tested per cycle
Recording/monitoring >20 traits
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SELECTION RESPONSE: GROWTH (G5)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
M幩ader
Vek
t (
g)
Gen 5
Gen 0
6060 d
VF=2,99
6340 d
VF=2,14
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
M幩ader
Vek
t (
g)
Gen 5
Gen 0
6060 d
VF=2,99
6340 d
VF=2,14
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SELECTION RESPONSE: FEED UTILIZATION (G5)
Thodesen et al.
(2001)
S-W, %
Growth +113
Feed-uptake +40
Protein utilzation +9
Energy utilzation +14
Feed conv. efficiency +20
G8: +30%
Production 1 million tons:
Reduced feed use: 500 000 tons,
…. or 450 000 tons more produced
with the same amount of feed
→ FCR: 1,2 vs 1,7
SELECTION RESPONSE – DISEASE RESISTANCE
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
HR Wild LR
Su
rviv
al
rate
, %
• high correlation between
Furunculosis resistance of
families in challenge-test
and natural outbreak
• response in ISA resistance
confirmed by extreme
groups (HR – high
resistance and LR – low
resistance)
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
Taiwan April 11-12, 2018
TILAPIA
o Production efficiency
• Growth
• Survival
• Fi l let y ie ld
• (Feed ut i l izat ion)
o Robustness
• Growth/surv ival in d i f ferent environments
• Environmental chal lenge tests (cold water, h igh sal in i ty )
• Specif ic d isease to lerance/resistance
o Product quality
• External color
TILAPIA: TRAITS IN BREEDING OBJECTIVES
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
o Nile tilapia (2004, G14)
• base: GIFT (Vietnam)
o Blue tilapia (2007, G10)
• base: Chinese & Vietnamese (US) stocks
o Red tilapia (2008, G5)
• base: Chinese, Ecuadorian & Colombian
stocks
PROGIFT AQUACULTURE, CHINA
SELECTIONS RESPONSES – NILE AND BLUE TILAPIA
Nile
tilapia
Blue
tilapia
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
o Nile tilapia (2008, G12)
• base: Thai stocks (some or iginated
from GIFT)
o Red tilapia (2008, G12)
• base: Thai & Lat in -American stocks
o Strong focus on improving the robustness
• per formance (growth and survival)
in di f ferent test environments
• sal ini ty tolerance
o Red tilapia: also improve external color
MANIT FARM, THAILAND
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SELECTIONS RESPONSES – RED TILAPIA
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SELECTIONS RESPONSES – RED TILAPIA
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
o Nile tilapia (2010, G6)
• base GIFT (Vietnam → Nicaragua)
o Strong focus on improving the robustness
• Streptococcus ( inea and
agalactiae ) resistance/tolerance
• implementing Genomic selection
SPRING GENETICS, USA
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
STREPTOCOCCUS: EFFICIENT FAMILY-SELECTION
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SHRIMP
GENÉTICA SPRING , COLOMBIA
o L. vannamei (1997, G16)
o Atlantic program (Cartagena)
• Growth
• General pond survival
• Disease resistance
o Pacific program (Tumaco)
• General pond survival
• Disease tolerance (WSSV)
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
SELECTION RESPONSE - GROWTH
o Genetic trend-analyses: ~100% larger harvest weight (G16)
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
TREND 1: INCREASED USE OF GENOMIC INFORMATION
o more accurate selection
- marker-assisted selection (MAS) using QTL
- selection based on “genomic breeding values” (gEBV)
o allows individual selection for “family-traits”
MARKER-ASSISTED SELECTION (MAS)
o selection based on one (or several) “quantitative trait loci” (QTL)
o a QTL is a section of the DNA which correlates with the phenotypic variation of a quantitative trait
o QTLs are mapped by identifying markers (SNPs) correlated with the observed trait
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
mark
er
QTL
IMPACT OF IPN SELECTION IN ATLANTIC SALMON
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
o MAS for polygenic traits requires many SNPs!
o “genomic selection” based on “genomic breeding values” (gEBVs)
o requires representative informants (“training population”)
• phenotypic data
• genotyping
GENOMIC SELECTION
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
TREND 2 – INTEGRATED BREEDING PROGRAMS
TREND 3 – MORE CUSTOMIZED ORGANIZATION
CENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
DECENTRALIZED ORGANIZATION
Breeding
candidates
Test fish
Eye-eggs
(families)
TEST STATION 1
TEST STATION 2BREEDING STATION
BROOD STOCK
STATION-1
BROOD STOCK
STATION-2
BROOD STOCK
STATION-3
COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES
Data
Data Data Data
Eye-eggs Eye-eggs Eye-eggs
Breeding
candidates
Test fish
Eye-eggs
(families)
TEST STATION 1
TEST STATION 2BREEDING STATION
BROOD STOCK
STATION-1
BROOD STOCK
STATION-2
BROOD STOCK
STATION-3
COMMERCIAL HATCHERIES
Data
Data Data Data
Eye-eggs Eye-eggs Eye-eggs
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
CUSTOMIZED ORGANIZATION
Kaohsiung - November 20, 2018
THANK YOU!
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