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petrologi2 SKS teori
1 SKS praktikum
by:
hill. gendoet hartono
Semester 2, 2017-2018
[TGS7208]
Siklus Batuan, Kontrak Kuliah, Kelulusan, & Praktikum Magma, Diferensiasi, Viskositas, Gas dan Komposisi Batuan Beku, Intrusi Dalam & Karakteristiknya Batuan Gunung Api, Intrusi Dangkal & Karakteristiknya Batuan Gunung Api, Lelehan, Letusan & Karakternya Klasifikasi Batuan Beku & Gunung Api Batuan Alterasi
Batuan Sedimen, Jenis & Proses Pembentukan Batuan Sedimen Silisiklastika Batuan Sedimen Karbonat Klasifikasi Batuan Sedimen Batuan Metamorf, Jenis & Proses Pembentukan Batuan Metamorf Derajat Rendah, Menengah & Tinggi Klasifikasi Batuan Metamorf
Minerals to Rocks: Major Rock Groups
Classification – how to separate different object into
groups
Types of Igneous Rock
Igneous textures
Texture is used to describe the overall appearance of a rock based on the size, shape, and arrangement of interlocking
minerals
Igneous textures Factors affecting crystal size
Rate of cooling
Fast rate forms many small crystals
Very fast rate forms glass
Slow rate promotes the growth of fewer but larger crystals
Amount of silica (SiO2) present
Amount of dissolved gases
Fine-grained Coarse-grained
Large crystals in matrix Glassy
fast cooling
magma/ lava
forms at or
near surface
sometimes
holes present
can’t see
individual
crystals
forms far below
surface
slow cooling
intergrown
crystals
magma cooled
slowly for a while
then erupted
minerals
crystallize at
different
temperatures
and or rates
very rapid cooling
ions unable to
unite in orderly
crystalline structure
Min
era
log
y of
com
mon
ig
neo
us
rock
s
Cla
ssif
ica
tion
of
ign
eou
s ro
cks
Langkah penting
Ukuran Butir DeskripsiUkuran butir
Dimana batuan terbentuk ? Di permukaan bumi: EktrusiDi dalam bumi: Intrusi
Bubbles? Ya= Vesikuler
Bubbles? Bukan=bukan vesikuler
Color Very LightLightNotVery Light Not Very DarkDarkVery DarkNeither Light nor Dark
Ligh
tes
t
Da
rke
st
Density Very Light Light Dense Very DenseMedium Density
Finding The MineralsIdentify the rock Unless you have other information,
work in the middle of the rock’s box.
This is the amount of Potassium Feldspar in the rock.
This is the amount of Quartz in the rock.
Ini sejumlah Plagioklas Feldspar di dalam batuan.
Gunakan kertas milimeter blok untuk mengukur persentasenya.
Potassium Feldspar 25%
Quartz 40%
Latihan Name a light-colored, fine-grainedrock with no bubbles.
Rhyolite
Name a coarse-grained, dense rock.
Gabbro
A classification of the phaneritic igneous rocks. a.
Phaneritic rocks with more than 10% (quartz + feldspar +
feldspathoids). After IUGS. From your text: An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John
Winter, Prentice Hall.
The rock must contain a total ofat least 10% of the minerals below.Renormalize to 100%
Quartz-richGranitoid
9090
6060
2020Alkali Fs.Quartz Syenite
QuartzSyenite
QuartzMonzonite
Quartz
Monzodiorite
Syenite Monzonite Monzodiorite
(Foid)-bearingSyenite
510
35 65
(Foid)-bearingMonzonite
(Foid)-bearingMonzodiorite
90
Alkali Fs.Syenite
(Foid)-bearingAlkali Fs. Syenite
10
(Foid)Monzosyenite
(Foid)Monzodiorite
Qtz. Diorite/Qtz. Gabbro
5
10
Diorite/Gabbro/Anorthosite
(Foid)-bearingDiorite/Gabbro
60
(Foid)olites
Quartzolite
Granite Grano-diorite
A P
F
60
Define Tonalite,
Monzonite,
Syenite based on this.
International Union of Geological Sciences
Don’t use “foid” in a
rock name. Use the
actual Feldspathoid
mineral name
IUGS Classification of
PhaneriticIgneous Rocks
Q
A chemical classification of volcanics based on total alkalis vs. silica. After Le Bas et al.
(1986) J. Petrol., 27, 745-750. Oxford University Press.
Cla
ssif
icat
ion
of
Ap
han
itic
Ign
eou
s R
ock
s
A classification and nomenclature of volcanic
rocks. After IUGS. From your text: An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic
Petrology, John Winter, Prentice Hall.
Define Dacite, Trachyte, Latite
and Phonolite and Tephrite
based on this
Classification of Aphanitic Igneous Rocks
(foid)-bearingTrachyte
(foid)-bearingLatite
(foid)-bearingAndesite/Basalt
(Foid)ites
10
60 60
35 65
10
20 20
60 60
F
A P
Q
Rhyolite Dacite
Trachyte Latite Andesite/Basalt
Phonolite Tephrite
Figure 2-5. Classification of the pyroclastic rocks. a. Based on type of material. After Pettijohn
(1975) Sedimentary Rocks, Harper & Row, and Schmid (1981) Geology, 9, 40-43. b. Based on the
size of the material. After Fisher (1966) Earth Sci. Rev., 1, 287-298. From your text: An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, John Winter, Prentice Hall.
Classification of Pyroclastic Igneous Rocks
Peridotite
Andesite
Komatiite
Classification of Volcaniclastic rocks and sedimentsPyroclastic deposit
Clast size in mm PyroclastPrimarily unconsolidated: tephra
Primarily consolidated: pyroclastic rock
> 64 mm Bomb, blockAgglomerate, bed of blocks or bomb, block tephra
Agglomerate, pyroclastic breccia
64 to 2 mm LapillusLayer, bed of lapilli or lapilli tephra
Lapilli tuff
2 to 1/16 mm Coarse ash grain Coarse ash Coarse (ash tuff)
< 1/16 mmFine ash grain (dust grain)
Fine ash (dust)Fine (ash) tuff (dust tuff)
Mate
rial gunung a
pi pro
duk
letu
san (vide
Com
potn
, 1985)
<2mm
2-64mm
>64mm
Obsidian
Pumice
Scoria
See You….Soon
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