Talk and Show me and I will understand But take me in and · 1.Exceptions to guidelines 1 and 2,...

Talk and I will listen

Show me and I will understand

But take me in and I will learn (Native American quote)

¡HOLA CLASE!

¿CÓMO ESTÁN?

BIENVENIDOS A LA CLASE DE ESPAÑOL NIVEL 1

This is a Review PowerPoint

of Chapter One

By: Edris Brannen

BASIC QUESTIONS AND KNOWLEDGE

ABOUT THE SPANISH LANGUAGE

1. What language does Spanish and English share in

common?

2. What are cognate words? Give an example.

3. What are false cognate words? Give an example.

4. How many countries have Spanish as their official

language?

5. What is the country with the most Spanish speakers in

the world? And the second one?

6. Does Spain speak any other languages? If so, Can you

name them?

7. In your opinion, Why is it important to learn to speak

Spanish?

GUIDELINES FOR PLACING WRITTEN

ACCENTS IN SPANISH

Acento prosódico

All Spanish words of more than one syllable have one syllable that is stressed more than the others, in pronunciation. This is called acento prosódico (oral accent). No written symbol is required to indicate this stress.

e.g. lago (In pronouncing this word, the syllable la is stressed more than the syllable go, and no written symbol is required to indicate this stress)

Some Spanish words also require a written accent over

the vowel of the syllable with the greatest stress. This

is called acento ortográfico (written accent). This

accent is indicated in writing with the following

symbol: ´ (note that is from right to left).

e.g. música (In writing this word the ´ must be placed over the u, in the syllable with greatest stress, mu.

N.B. Not all words carry a written accent.

Acento ortográfico

WORDS THAT DO NOT REQUIRE A WRITTEN

ACCENT (ACENTO ORTOGRÁFICO)

The majority of words in Spanish do not require a written accent. The words that do not carry a written accent can be put into three groups, as follows:

Words with more than one syllable that end in a vowel or n or s AND are stressed on the second-to-last syllable.

e.g. mañana, casi, decide, necesito, ventanas, escriben

Words with more than one syllable that end in a consonant, other than n or s, AND are stressed on the last syllable.

e.g. popular, eficaz, contestar, felicidad, Marisol

Words with only one syllable (with a few exceptions).

e.g. yo, es, en, al, del, con, sal, haz, vi

WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT

(ACENTO ORTOGRÁFICO)

Spanish words that require a written accent can be put into four

different groups, as follows:

1.Exceptions to guidelines 1 and 2, above:

Words that end in a vowel or n or s BUT are NOT STRESSED on

the second-to-last syllable;

e.g. Panamá, encontró, compré, colibrí, tabú, jamás, jardín,

médico, fantásticas

2. Words that end in a consonant, other than n or s, BUT are NOT

STRESSED on the last syllable.

e.g. árbol, azúcar, lápiz, cárcel

WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT

(CONTINUED)

Words with stressed weak vowels in hiatus.

(Hiatus: The separation of a weak vowel (i or u) so as to form a separate syllable in what would otherwise be a diphthongs or a triphthong.)

Note: A diphthong is a combination of a weak vowel (i or u) and a strong vowel (a, e, or o), or two weak vowels in the same syllable.

A triphthong is a combination of two weak vowels and a strong vowel in the same syllable.

e.g. oír, reír, sociología, Raúl, continúo

WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT

(CONTINUED)

Some words with similar spelling but different

meaning or grammatical function.

Note: Most of these words are monosyllables and

are the exceptions referred to above.

e.g. el (the) and él (he or him), si (if) and sí (yes),

tu (your) and tú (you)

WORDS THAT REQUIRE A WRITTEN ACCENT

(CONTINUED)

The words que, cual, quien, cuan, cuanto, como,

cuando, and donde when they introduce

interrogative or exclamatory expressions.

e.g. ¡Qué susto!

¿Cómo estás?

¿Cuánto cuesta?

FINAL NOTES

Written accents are always placed over vowels, NEVER over consonants. (The tilde in the ñ is not an accent mark.)

No word can have more than one written accent.

When the stressed syllable of a word requires a written accent and the stressed syllable contains a diphthong, the accent is placed over the second weak vowel (if the diphthong consists of two weak vowels) and over the strong vowel (if the diphthong consists of a weak vowel and a strong vowel).

e.g. cuídate, péinate, abrió, coméis, comunicación, comprensión

All words ending in ion carry a written accent over the o, but lose the accent when es is added to make them plural.

e.g. canción, nación, impresión, BUT canciones, naciones impresiones

All words that have a stressed syllable occurring before the second-to –last syllable must carry a written accent over the stressed syllable.

e.g. pronóstico, cómpratelo

HOW TO WRITE SPANISH PUNCTUATION ON A PC?

á= Alt + 160

é= Alt + 130

í= Alt + 161

ó= Alt + 162

ú= Alt + 163

ñ= Alt + 164

ü= Alt + 129

Á = Alt +0193

É = Alt +144

Í = Alt + 0205

Ó = Alt +0211

Ú = Alt +0218

Ñ = Alt + 165

Ü = Alt +164

Lower case

Letras minuscula

Capital letters

Letras mayusculas

LET’S SEE HOW IT WORKS

You have to HOLD Alt and type the number at

the same time, then RELEASE!

UPSIDE DOWN QUESTION MARK (¿) AND UPSIDE

DOWN EXCLAMATION MARKS (¡)

They are punctuation marks used to begin

interrogative and exclamatory sentences (or

clauses), respectively, in written Spanish.

¡= Alt + 0161

¿ =Alt +168 (or 0191)

HAY HAS TWO MEANINGS; “THERE IS” AND “THERE

ARE” P-6 | ¿Cuántos(as) hay? Following the model, tell how many people and objects you

see in the illustration.

MODELO: Hay cuatro perros.

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

4. _____________________________________________________________________

5. _____________________________________________________________________

6. _____________________________________________________________________

P-7 | ¿Qué hay en la clase? Indicate if each statement is true (cierto) or false (falso) for

your classroom. Change the false statements to make them true. Follow the model.

MODELO: Hay veinte personas en la clase. Falso. Hay veinticuatro personas.

1. Hay una profesora. _____________________________________________________

2. Hay quince estudiantes. _________________________________________________

3. Hay tres computadoras. _________________________________________________

4. Hay dos mapas. _______________________________________________________

© C

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ga

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20

12

QUESTION WORDS (P.14)

All questions words carry accents. The accent

indicates that the word is being used as an

interrogative. For example; que without an

accent means that (e.g., The one that got away.)

The word means What only when it appears as

¿Qué?

There is no distinction phonetically between

“que” and ¿Qué? They both are pronounced

the same way. It is like two, to and too in

English, you will get it by context.

SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~

PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

Note that this pronouns only have ONE form!

¿QUÉ? (what? which?)

¿CÓMO? (how?, what?)

¿CUÁNDO? (when?)

¿DÓNDE? (where?)

¿POR QUÉ? (why?) Porque (because)

¿A QUÉ? (at what?)

¿DE DÓNDE? (where from?)

SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~

PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

Note that these pronouns have TWO forms (depending if the noun or subject is singular or plural, the interrogative pronoun must agree in number)

Singular and Plural

¿QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES? (who?)

¿CUÁL/ CUÁLES? (which one / which ones?)

¿DE QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES ? (whose?)

¿PARA QUIÉN/ QUIÉNES? (for whom?)

SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS

~ PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

¿Cuál? (Which?) is used

far more frequently in

Spanish than in English.

It has the same meaning

as What? When

someone’s name,

address, or telephone

number is being asked.

When it refers to a plural

noun, it becomes ¿Cuáles?

¿Cuál es tu nombre?

¿Cuál es tu número de

teléfono?

¿Cuál es tu dirección?

¿Cuáles son tus amigos?

SPANISH INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS ~

PRONOMBRES INTERROGATIVOS

¿Cuánto(a)? and ¿Cuántos(as)? must agree in number

(singular or plural) and gender (masculine or feminine)

with the nouns they describe.

¿Cuántos hombres hay en la clase?

How many men are in the class?

¿Cuántas personas hay en tu familia?

How many people are in your family?

¿Cuánto cuesta la silla?

How much does the chair costs?

¿CUÁNTO/ CUÁNTA? (how much?)

¿CUÁNTOS/ CUÁNTAS? (how many?)

¡A PRACTICAR! Nombre ________________________________ Fecha ___________________

P-8 | Preguntas Read the answers the other party guests give and then write the

appropriate questions. Follow the model.

MODELO: ¿De dónde eres? Soy de España.

1. _____________________________________ Mi número de teléfono es el 765-4589.

2. ______________________________________ Hay veinticinco personas en la fiesta.

3. _______________________________________ Estoy bien, gracias.

4. _______________________________________ Me llamo Claudia.

5. _______________________________________ Soy la profesora.

P-9 | Preguntas Complete each question with an appropriate question word and then

answer it. Follow the model.

MODELO: ¿Cómo estás? Muy bien.

1. ¿ ______________________ te llamas? _____________________________

2. ¿ _______________________ tal? __________________________________

3. ¿De _____________________ eres? ________________________________

P-10 | Hacer preguntas Use the following question words and verbs to create three

questions that you will ask your partner. Write his/her responses. Follow the model.

MODELO: ¿Cuántas personas hay en la clase? Hay veinte personas.

Interrogativos: ¿De dónde? / ¿Quién? / ¿Cuánto(a)(s)? / ¿Cuál?

Verbos: ser / hay

1. _____________________________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS A PRONOUN?

It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase

containing a noun)

Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are

pronouns.

When the pronoun is the subject (the person

doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a

Subject Pronoun.

Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

WHAT ARE THE ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS?

Singular Plural

1st person I We

2nd person You You

3rd person He, She, It They

ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR

SPANISH EQUIVALENTS

Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English,

but there are some differences.

Singular Plural

1st

person I = Yo

We = nosotros (m)

Nosotras (f)

2nd

person You (familiar) = tú

You (plural, familiar) =

vosotros

vosotras

3rd

person

He = él

She = ella

You (formal) = Usted (Ud.)

They (m) = Ellos

They (f) = Ellas

You (plural) = Ustedes (Uds.)

THE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN

“YO”

“Yo” means “I” and is used

in the same way as in

English.

Yo soy americano.

Yo soy estudiante.

Note that it is not

capitalized unless it starts

a sentence:

Mi amigo y yo…

SECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN

TÚ

Tú means you (familiar/

informal)

Used when talking to

someone familiar

We’ll learn more about

this in a moment.

3RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE

ÉL Él = he

It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man.

used in the same way as its English counterpart:

Jorge es mexicano. Él es de Guadalajara.

DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are

actually writing the Spanish word for “the”

él = he el = the

3RD PERSON SINGULAR FEMININE

ELLA

Ella = she

It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman.

used in the same way as its English counterpart:

Rosa es mexicana. Ella es de Acapulco.

Please pronounce it correctly.

It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah)

Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU

USTED (UD.)

Usted means you (formal)

Used when talking to someone you should respect.

Abbriviated Capital U lower case d period. (Ud.)

Considered a 3rd person singular pronoun.

We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you.

in English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine:

Juan: “Mi hermano y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.”

Juana: “Mi hermana y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotras vivimos en La Paz.”

use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group:

Juan: “Mi hermano, mi novia, y yo somos de Argentina. Nosotros vivimos en Buenos Aires.”

Juana: “Mi hermana, mis padres, y yo somos de Bolivia. Nosotros vivimos en La Paz.

THE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN

“NOSOTROS / NOSOTRAS”

3RD PERSON PLURAL MASCULINE

ELLOS

Ellos = They (masculine)

It is used when talking ABOUT a

group of boys/guys/men or a

mixed group.

used in the same way as its

English counterpart: Jorge y Pepe son mexicanos. Ellos

son de Guadalajara.

Jorge y Ana son alumnos. Ellos son

amigos también.

Please pronounce it correctly.

It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-lohs)

Remember ll= y sound.

3RD PERSON PLURAL FEMININE

ELLAS

Ellas = They (feminine)

It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.

used in the same way as its English counterpart: Sofía y Ana son alumnas. Ellas son amigas también.

Please pronounce it correctly.

It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs)

Remember ll= y sound.

FORMAL YOU PLURAL

USTEDES (UDS.)

Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower

case “s” period. (Uds.)

Considered a 3rd person plural pronoun.

We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a

moment.

YOU, YOU, AND YOU

In English, there is only one “YOU”. It is

singular and plural, masculine and feminine,

formal and informal

Note: y’all or you all is not standard English, but we

will use it to help learn the Spanish forms of “you”.

In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you”

tú

usted (Ud.)

vosotros

vosotras

ustedes (Uds.)

Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking.

DIFFERENCES – YOU: TÚ VS. USTED

Tú = you (informal/familiar)

Use “tú” when talking to people

with whom you are on a first

name basis.

friends

family

small children

people younger than you

pets

Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)

Use “Usted” when talking with people

to whom you should show respect.

People in authority

(police, teachers, bosses, etc.)

Strangers

Acquaintances

Adults

In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you”

Vosotros

Vosotras

Ustedes (Uds.)

Vosotros/vosotras are the plural forms of tú. Ustedes

is the plural form of usted.

Vosotros is used when talking to a familiar group of

males or a mixed group.

Vosotras is the feminine form of vosotros and is used

when the entire group is female

These two familiar forms are used primarily in Spain.

We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to

be aware of it.

DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL

REVIEW

Yo = I

First person singular

Not capitalized unless the first

word of the sentence

Used to talk ABOUT yourself

Nosotros/as = we

First person plural

distinguish between “we” masculine

and feminine

Used to talk ABOUT yourself and

friends

Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar)

Second person Singular

Use it to talk TO a person that is a

friend or family member

Vosotros/as = You (singular, familiar)

Second person Plural

Use it to talk TO a group of friends or

family members.

Third person singular

Él = he

Don’t forget the accent

Use it to talk ABOUT a guy.

Ella = she

Use it to talk ABOUT a girl.

Watch the pronunciation.

Ud. = You (singular, formal)

Use it to talk TO a person that is due

respect.

Third person plural

Ellos = They (masculine)

It is used when talking ABOUT a group

of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.

Ellas = They (feminine)

It is used when talking ABOUT a group

of only females.

Uds. = You (plural)

Use it to talk TO a group of people

MODELO: el profesor él

1. los estudiantes ________________ 6. las computadoras _________________

2. la profesora ________________ 7. you (un amigo) __________________

3. el muchacho ________________ 8. you (un profesor) _________________

4. Juan y yo ________________ 9. Juan y María ____________________

5. Ana y Miranda _______________ 10. I (myself) _______________________

¡ A PRACTICAR!

P-1 | Identificar Write the pronoun you would use to refer to the

following people. Follow the model

MODELO: ANITA: ¿Cómo está Ud., Sr. Falcón?

SR. FALCÓN: Bien, gracias. ¿Y tú, Anita?

ANITA: Bien, gracias.

ANITA: ¿De dónde son Alfredo y Graciela, Sr. Falcón?

SR. FALCÓN: ____________ son de Sudamérica. ____________ es argentino, y

____________ es colombiana.

ANITA: Y ____________ Sr. Falcón, ¿de dónde es?

SR. FALCÓN: ¿ ____________ ? Soy de Costa Rica.

ANITA: Y la señora Falcón, ¿de dónde es ____________?

SR. FALCÓN: De Panamá. ____________ y ____________ somos centroamericanos.

¿Y ____________? ¿De dónde eres, Anita?

ANITA: ____________ soy mexicana; soy de la Ciudad de México.

P-2 | Más pronombres Complete the conversation below with the

appropriate pronouns (yo, tú, él, ella, Ud., nosotros, nosotras, Uds.,

ellos, ellas). Follow the model.

EL VERBO SER

“SER O NO SER, ESA ES LA CUESTIÓN”

Singular Yo soy

Tú eres

Él es

Ella es

Usted (Ud.) es

Plural

Nosotros/as somos

Vosotros/as sois (Spain only)

Ellos/ Ellas son

Ustedes (Uds.) son

Keep always

in mind your

subject (yo,

tú,él…) when

you are

making your

sentences

THERE ARE TWO VERBS THAT MEAN «TO BE»

IN SPAISH. THESE ARE THE USES OF SER:

To identify people and things

To express nationality; with de to

express origin

With de to tell of what material

something is made

With para to tell for whom something

is intended

To tell time

With de to express possession

With adjectives that describe basic,

inherent characteristics

To form many generalizations

Ella es doctora.

Son cubanos. Son de La Habana.

Este bolígrafo es de plástico.

El regalo es para Sara.

Son las once. Es la una y media.

Es de Carlota.

Ramona es inteligente.

Es necesario llegar temprano.

Es importante estudiar.

CREATE IMPLE SENTENCES USING THE VERB “SER.”

EJ: YO SOY UN OPTIMISTA, INTELIGENTE PERO REBELDE. YO NO SOY INTROVERTIDO.

estudiante intovertido/a

cruel romántico/a

responsible sentimental

optimista egoísta

paciente moderno/a

importante espectacular

inteligente extravagante

pesimista realista

flexible rebelde

tolerante

elegante

MODELO: ¿De dónde es el profesor? (Guatemala)

El profesor es de Guatemala.

1. ¿De dónde son los estudiantes? (México) ___________________________________

2. ¿De dónde eres tú? (España) _____________________________________________

3. ¿De dónde es Mariela? (Costa Rica) _______________________________________

4. ¿De dónde son ustedes? (Cuba) ___________________________________________

5. ¿De dónde es el padre? (Puerto Rico) ______________________________________

6. ¿De dónde es el señor Ortega? (Chile ) ______________________________________

7. ¿De dónde soy? (Venezuela) _____________________________________________

8. ¿De dónde es… ? ______________________________________________________

P-3 | ¿De dónde son? Answer the questions below according to the

indications, using the verb ser.

P-4 | Descripciones Form complete sentences using the verb ser. Follow the model.

MODELO: Javier / arrogante Javier es arrogante.

1. el profesor / serio ______________________________________________________

2. tú / romántico _________________________________________________________

3. las clases / interesantes __________________________________________________

4. yo / inteligente ________________________________________________________

5. mis amigos y yo /cómicos

LOS NÚMEROS DEL 30 AL 0 EN ESPAÑOL

30,29,28,27,26,25,

24,23,22,21,20,19,

18,17,16,15,14,13,

12,11,10,9,8,7,6,5,

4,3,2,1,0

Important note for spelling!

11 : once

12 : doce

13 : trece

14 : catorce

15 : quince

16 : dieciséis

17 : diecisiete

18 : dieciocho

19 : diecinueve

20 : veinte

Spanish numbers 16 through to 19 are actually contractions.

For example, the Spanish for 16 - dieciséis - literally means ten and six, but is joined together, as shown below:

dieciséis = diez y seis

diecisiete = diez y siete

dieciocho = diez y ocho

diecinueve = diez y nueve

Note the

accent

mark on

number 16

21 : veintiuno

22 : veintidós

23 : veintitrés

24 : veinticuatro

25 : veinticinco

26 : veintiséis

27 : veintisiete

28 : veintiocho

29 : veintinueve

30 : treinta

You'll notice that, as with the cardinal numbers 16 to 19, the Spanish numbers 21 to 29 are also contractions, but this time of the Spanish for twenty and one, etc.

veintiuno = veinte y uno

veintidós = veinte y dos, etc

Note the

accent

marks on

numbers

22,23 and

26.

MODELO: uno, dos, tres, cuatro

1. dos, ___________________________ , seis, ocho, diez

2. tres, seis, nueve, _______________________________

3. cinco, diez, ___________________ , veinte, veinticinco

4. cuatro, __________________________ , doce, dieciséis

5. diez, veinte, __________________________________

P-5 | ¿Cuál es el próximo número? Complete each number

sequence. Follow the model.

Un problema para Einstein

6-4+11-3+19-15+13-9+10-3=?

SPANISH DEFINITE ARTICLES

UNLIKE ENGLISH, WHICH HAS ONLY ONE

DEFINITE ARTICLE “THE", SPANISH HAS 4

DEFINITE ARTICLES:

Spanish Definite Articles

Singular Plural

Feminine la las

Masculine el los

DEFINITE ARTICLES: Plural

ending with: (a, e, i, o, u)

* In Spanish, if a noun ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u),

just add the letter S to the singular form of the noun

to make it plural.

Here are two groups of nouns:

El gato los gatos

El perro los perros

La madre las madres

La tía las tías

DEFINITE ARTICLES: Plural

ending with consonant!

In Spanish, if a noun ends in a consonant (for

example, l, n, r), add the letters ES to the

singular form of the noun to make it plural.

El animal los animales

El color los colores

La flor las flores

La lección las lecciones

NOTE:

They are exceptions exceptions to the rules:

La leche (milk) las leches

El programa los programas

La radio las radios

***When a singular noun ends in Z, the Z changes to C

in the plural:

la actriz las actrices

el lápiz los lápices

When a singular noun ends in a syllable with an accent

mark, the accent mark is dropped in the plural:

la lección las lecciones

SPANISH INDEFINITE ARTICLES

While we have (a / an / some) in English as indefinite

articles, we also have un/ una. unos/ unas in

Spanish .

In general, whenever un or una are used in Spanish,

you need to use "a" or "an“, *“one” to say the

equivalent in English.

Spanish Indefinite Articles

Singular Plural

Masculine un unos

Feminine una unas

The number for one in Spanish is uno. It loses its o

and becomes un when used before a masculine noun.

When used before a feminine noun it changes to una.

For example:

un niño ..... one boy

una niña ..... one girl

You should use uno when counting generically, as in:

one, two, three, four, etc

uno, dos, tres, cuatro, etc

You should use un or una when counting specifically, as

in:

one banana, one apple, etc

un plátano, una manzana, etc

UN, UNA = ONE, A, AN

UNOS, UNAS = SOME

Masculine, singular indefinite article UN

Un árbol grande.

( A big tree OR One big tree.)

Un niño alto.

( A tall boy OR One tall boy)

Feminine, singular indefinite article UNA

Una flor amarilla.

( A yellow flower OR One yellow flower.)

Una niña alta.

( A tall girl OR One tall girl)

Masculine, plural indefinite article UNOS

Unos árboles grandes.

( Some big trees.)

Unos niños altos.

( Some tall boys)

Feminine, plural indefinite article UNAS

Unas flores amarillas.

( Some yellow flowers.)

Unas niñas altas.

( Some tall girls)

Un trabalengua

R con R cigarro,

R con R barril,

rápido corren los carros

cargados de azúcar al ferrocarril.

¿Preguntas?

Y COLORÍN COLORADO ESTE REPASO DEL

CAPÍTULO PRELIMINAR SE HA TERMINADO

……….….¡ADÍOS!