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Terms Used in Relation to Ciliates
Cilia InfraciliatureContractile vacuoleCytostomeMacronucleusMicronucleusConjugationKinetosomeKinety
Pathogenic intestinal ciliate
Balantidium coli 大腸纖毛蟲
Geographical distribution
The only ciliate infects man
Sporadic infections in many place
Endemic area is New Guinea
Close association between man and pigs
Morphology
Trophozoite stage: reniform large macronucleus Smaller micronucleus in the concavity of macronucleus 30-300 μm in size, 2 contractile vacuoles Cytostome locate at anterior end as funnel-shape Locomotion with cilia, embedded in pellicle in longitudinal rows these rows (kineties) can be seen under phase contrast or interference contrast microscopy or by silver staining
Cystic stage: spherical or ovoid, 40-60 μm in diameter Thick and transparent cyst wall The cilia get absorbed Contractile, macro- and micro- nucleus, other structures are similar to trophozoites
Balantidium coli
Sliver stain
Balantidium coli
Trophozoite
Cyct
Balantidium coli
Trophozoite
Conjugation
Binary fission
Life cycle
Infection occurs from close association with pigs
Human to human transmission may also occur
Cyst is the infective stage of this parasite
Excystation occurs in small intestine
Multiple in large intestine by binary fission
Conjugation at the anterior end for a few minutes
Balantidium coli
Clinical Aspects
Balantidiasis: 大腸纖毛蟲症
Similar to amoebiasis in pathology and clinical symptoms
No extraintestinal pathogenesis
Trophozoites are often located in the submucosa of infected intestine
Balantidium coli
Diagnosis
Faeces examination Trophozoites or cysts
Actively motile trophoozites in acute dysentery( 痢疾 )
Easy to recognised by their characteristic macronucleus
Balantidium coli
Treatment
Drgus: Oxytetracycline: 30 mg/kg body weight/day in divided doses 6-hour for 10 days
Metronidazole: same as amoebiasis
Balantidium coli
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