View
221
Download
0
Category
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
Â
Citation preview
The Great Depression
Jeremy Hogaboom, William Cairns, Katherine Strumpfer, Tyler Capra
The Great Depression was a bad time in America. It started in 1929 on a day
known as Black Tuesday. On black Tuesday, the market crashed, and everyone
was left broke. In this short book, the Great Depression will be described on the
next twenty pages
Teapot Dome Scandal
Bribery that took place in the US government from
19211922. Secretary of the interior Albert Bacon Fall had
sold Navy Petroleum to
private companies, with no
competitive selling. Fall
was eventually convicted of
accepting bribes from the private companies, and was
sentenced to prison.
Presidents 19211929
Warren G. Harding
Warren was the 29th president of the United States. During his presidency, the
Teapot Dome Scandal took place. Although he wasn't directly involved, the
reputation of his administration was forever ruined. Although, he never had to
face the ridicule due to the heart attack he had in office that left him dead.
Calvin Coolidge
Calvin Coolidge was the 30th president of the United
States and the Vice President of Warren G. Harding.
At the time of his presidency, Coolidge wanted to cut
taxes, and isolate the United States. Although Coolidge had many political views
on how to run the economy, he was in retirement by the time the Great Depression
began. He was quoted saying, “I feel I no longer fit in with these times.”
Causes of The Great Depression:
On October 29, 1929 aka Black Tuesday, over 16 million shares of the New York
stock exchange were traded, causing the market to completely crash at once. As a
result, The Great Depression began. With the people of the United States left
penniless, people began to panic. This allowed many politicians to step up and
create ideas to solve the nation’s debt.
Herbert Hoover 19291933
Within months of his presidency, the stock market
crashed and the market fell. He proposed a plan to cut
taxes, but before this could happen, congress made him the scapegoat, blaming
him for the cause of the Great Depression.
Plans Proposed to Help End The Great Depression:
The Townsend Plan created by a physician named Francis Edward Townsend.
The goal was to have senior citizens pay $200 dollars a month to be funded by a
2% sales tax. However, the plan didn't work because
Franklin Roosevelt opposed it.
The Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929
Established the Federal Farm Board from the Federal
Farm Loan Board established by the Federal Farm
Loan Act of 1916 with a recirculating fund of half a billion dollars.
Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR’s New Deal Programs
The Civilian Conservation Corps (1933) One of the first programs under FDR’s
New Deal. It was intended to promote active citizenship through hard, outdoor
labor while the participants were taught environmental conservation.
Federal Emergency Relief Act FERA(1933)Passed in 1933 and renamed the
emergency relief administration started by hoover to fight the depression.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act(1933) A federal law created under FDR’s New
Deal. It was created to reduce agricultural production: the government would pay
farmers money to stop planting on their land and to kill off excess livestock. This
was a response to the Great Depression because the government thought wanted to
increase the value of crops and boost the economy.
The Tennessee Valley Authority(1933) A
corporation owned by the federal government that
was to provide navigation, flood control, electricity
generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic
development to the Tennessee Valley, an area that was particularly affected during
the time of the Great Depression.
Federal Securities Act(1933) The federal securities act gave investors access to
relevant financial information from corporations securities
offerings.
Homeowners Refinancing Act(1933) Passed by congress as a
part of FDR’s new deal, went into effect in 1933 to try to help
homeowners with their mortgages or to help them refinance
them.
Public Works Administration(1933) A large government construction agency for
public works.
National Recovery Administration(1933) Passed to eliminate cut throat
competition and develop a code of fair prices and practices for businesses.
The GlassSteagall Banking Act (1933) Created because it was recognized that the
banking system needed reform. It was sponsored by Rep. Henry Steagall and Sen.
Carter Glass. The act was supposed to change the banking system in a way that
made it safer for people to utilize the assets of a bank, and “regulated interbank
control.”
Civil Works Administration(1933) US job creation program
established for the hard winter of 193334. These jobs were
temporary and generally low paid unskilled labor.
Securities Exchange Act(1934) Governed the trading of
securities in the secondary market, passed in 1934 in
response to the crash.
Beer and Wine Revenue Act(1934) Passed by FDR in 1934.
Created a tax on alcoholic beverages to try to generate
revenue for the government.
Federal Housing Administration (1934)Passed as part of the national Housing Act
in 1934, it required certain standards for construction and insured loans from banks
for construction.
United States Housing Authority(1934) as part of the new deal. Its goal was to try
to lend money to communities or states for low cost construction.
Schechter v. U.S.(1935)
Invalidated the National Industrial
Recovery Act and made the standards
for minimum wages, schedules for
work maximums and minimums,
gave the Agency for Industrial
Recovery large control to see
over the ensuring of “fair
competition”
The Wagner Act (1935) It established the National Labor Relations Board and
addressed relations between unions and employers
in the private sector.
The Social Security Act (1935) A social welfare
legislative act that was created the Social Security
system in America and provided assistance for
those who couldn’t work.
United States v. Butler (1936) The Agricultural Adjustment Act was seen as
intruding upon the state rights, violated the 10th amendment, and had stretched the
power of the federal government far over what it should have been. The tax overall
seemed oppressive on the farmers, controlling the amount of crops that can be
grown. 1936
U.S. v. CurtissWright (1936) Power was given to the president at the time to make
embargos on arms and
weapons dealing to South
American countries
during the Chago War.
CurtissWright Export
Corp had been selling arms, and had claimed that the U.S. gave unconstitutional
power to the president, as to create such an embargo that heavily restricted the
sales of the company's arms.
The fair labor standard act (1938) Sets a standard minimum wage, overtime pay,
recordkeeping, and youth employment for employees in private businesses and in
Federal, State, and local governments.
Effects of The Great Depression:
Hoovervilles or sometimes called shantytowns were small run down towns built by
people who had been evicted from their homes. Since the government couldn't
provide any assistance to the people, more and more Hoovervilles popped up on
the outskirts of cities throughout the country.
The Bonus Army:
After WWI, veterans were promised payment of $1.25 overseas and $1 per day in
the U.S. However, the government wasn't able to pay due to The Great Depression,
so the veterans protested in Washington D.C.
The Dust Bowl:
The Dust Bowl was a very hard for farmers in the plains of America. There was a
drought and strong winds that made their land unfarmable. Since this started in
1930, it only made conditions in America worse than they already were.
Hope For The Economy:
The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was a government corporation in the US
that started in 1932. It's goal was to provide support whether it be financial or other
types on a state and local government level. It made loans to railroads, banks and
other businesses.
Works Progress Administration:
This was passed as part of the new deal in 1935. It allowed employee millions of
unskilled workers; having them build railroads and other things. As a result, it
helped boost the economy.
Important People of The Great Depression:
Franklin Delano Roosevelt32nd President (19331945) His
fifth cousin was Teddy Roosevelt and he gave the people hope
when they were scared. During his inaugural address, he said the
famous line, “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.”
Herbert Hoover31st president(19291933) Within months of his
presidency, the stock market crashed and the market fell. He
proposed a plan to cut taxes, but before this could happen, congress
made him the scapegoat, blaming him for the cause of the Great
Depression.
John Maynard Keynes Managed the UK’s finances during WWI, but quit
because he didn’t believe in the Treaty of Versailles. Keynes thought the
end of expenditures financed by U.S. international loans for caused the great
depression. Because of this, he made a plan(1933). He thought the UK should hire
the unemployed, and he believed trade barriers needed to be
reduced.
Charles Dawes 30th VP(19251929) Created the Dawes
Plan(1923) Germany would pay back the money from WWI, and
the amount they had to pay back would increase each year.
Warren Harding 29th president (19211923) Teapot Dome Scandal(19211922)
Albert Fall Secretary of Interior under Warren Harding. In 1924 senate found out
that he was involved/main cause of the teapot dome scandal.
John W. Davis Democrat that ran for president in 1924 but didn't get elected.
Was also an advisor at the Paris Peace Conference(1919). He was an ambassador
to Great Britain (19181921)
Calvin Coolidge 30th president 19231929 Wanted tax cuts, isolation from other
countries and limited aid to farmers. He was retired by the time of the GD, and felt
that there was nothing he could do to help.
Alfred E. Smith Elected Governor of NY 4x. Ran for president with the support
of Franklin Roosevelt, but never won because he was catholic and irish.
South/West didn’t like that.
Eleanor Roosevelt First lady from (19331945) Her
cousin/husband was Franklin Roosevelt. She created the modern
first lady. She pretty much worked politically after she left the white house for the
rest of her life.
Harry Hopkins He was FDR’s closest advisor
Father Charles Coughlin Popular priest who often voiced his opinions of
politics(GD) rather than preaching. Today no one would take him seriously
Francis Townsend Physician who proposed the Townshed Plan. The plan was
for young people together more jobs, and fm or seniors to spend their money.
Huey P. Long nicknamed the kingfish. He was gov of louisiana(19281932)and
then was a member of the senate from 19321935 assignation.
Frances Perkins Secretary of Labor from 19331945
Mary McLeod Bethune Advised FDR on minority affairs. Also,
was the head of Negro Affairs during the Great Depression
Robert Wagner Member of the Senate and drafted many bills
“New Bill” & more
(n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2016, from https://www.wikipedia.org/
History.com. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2016, from http://www.history.com/
The White House. (2015). Retrieved March 23, 2016, from
http://www.whitehouse.gov/
United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). Retrieved March 23, 2016, from
http://www.dol.gov/
Recommended