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ソーシャルキャピタルあふれる持続可能な付加価値創造都市をめざして FUTURE CITY TOYAMA 1 COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Masashi Mori, Mayor of Toyama City
Toyama’s Unique Compact City Management Strategy ~ Creating a Compact City by Re-imagining and Restructuring Public Transportation ~
2
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
■Map of Japan
■Map of Toyama Prefecture
Toyama City - The best spot to view the Tateyama Mountain Range
・Population:Approx. 40% of Toyama Prefecture (421,953 people, 2010 census)
・Area:Approx. 30% of Toyama Prefecture (1,241.85 square km.)
・Topographical diversity: From sea level (Toyama Bay) to 2,986m ( Suishodake.)
・2013 Fiscal Year General Account Budget: 152.4 billion yen (1.55 billion dollars)
Outline of Toyama City
An aerial view of Toyama City
Toyama
City
Plan for Environmentally-Friendly Future City of Toyama
Problems confronting Toyama City
Toyama City proposes some countermeasures against these problems.
1.Creation of a Compact City through the Renovation of Public Transport
・Revitalizing public transport
・Concentrating city amenities in the city center or areas along public transport lines
・Revitalizing the city center ・Concentrating city amenities within walking distance
・Amassing social capital
2.Creation of an Attractive and High Quality City Life
3.Promotion of Local Industry
・Making the most of the local pharmaceutical industry
・Tapping recyclable sources of energy ・Inviting companies into Toyama
A sustainable city should attract people, making it a vibrant city.
②Too much dependence on automobiles and declining public transport use
④Higher administrative costs
①Dwindling population and an aging society
③Less attractive city with an emptying city center
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
3
Some problems confronting Toyama City:
⑤Increasing carbon dioxide emissions
4
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Basic Policy for the Creation of a Compact City
①
②
③
By revitalizing public transport, including railway track lines, and by concentrating
various city functions such as residential, commercial, business and cultural buildings
along public transport lines, we can create a compact city.
<Concept Illustration>
Targeted city structure - dumplings and skewers
Skewer: Public transport offering a higher level of service
Dumplings: Population centers connected by the skewers, allowing
pedestrian access to various city amenities
<Three pillars for the Strategy>
Revitalizing public transport
Encouraging residents to relocate
to zones along public transport lines
Revitalizing the city center
5
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
角川介護予防センター
富山ライトレール
Distribution Map of Senior Citizens ( 2012 )
グランドプラザ
アヴィレ
市内電車環状線化事業
居住誘導ゾーン 沿線ゾーン(用地地区外)
Kadokawa Care
Prevention Center
City Tram Loop
Toyama LRT
Grand Plaza
Aville
JR Hokuriku Line
Takayam
a L
ine
JR
Toyama
station
The Number of Senior Citizens
(2012) in a 250m*250m area
25 people or less
25‐49 people
50‐74 people 75‐99 people
100 or more people
Railway network Frequently operated bus route City center
Zones along public transport lines promoting residence
Zones along public transport lines (unused areas)
Areas in use
6
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
By creating the LRT network, we hope to modify the current life style of too much dependence on
automobiles and realize a town with every city amenity within walking distance.
Revitalizing Public Transport - Formation of LRT Network
Toyama LRT (Apr. 2006) City Tram Loop Line (Dec. 2009)
The Image of Tram going under the elevated
Toyama Station
7
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
・Former JR Toyama Port line
■Outline
JR Toyama Port line (a local line), which had been suffering from declining numbers of
passengers, was revitalized as the nation's first full-fledged LRT. This was achieved by
adopting a two-tiered concept in which the public sector constructs the track while the
private sector runs the business.
Revitalized as the
nation's first
full-fledged LRT
Inaugural Day: April 29th, 2006
Extended Distance: Approx. 7.6km
No. of Stations: 13
・Toyama LRT
Construction of Toyama LRT – Reshaping JR Toyama Port Line into LRT –
8
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
樹 脂
溝レール
コンクリート路盤
■ IC card pass
■Light Rail attendants
■Vibration-dampened, lawn-covered track
■Operation
■Introduction of a unified design
■Low floor cars and barrier-free stations
*Fare is uniformly 200 yen.
Former service New Service
Operation interval
First / Last Train
No. of stations
Vehicles
30 to 60 min.
5-6 / 21-22:00
9
Railroad vehicles
15 min. (10 min. during rush
hour)
5-6 / 23-24:00
13
All super-low floor vehicles
Toyama LRT - Operation and Service -
■Side Reservation Section
Toyama LRT and Cityscape①
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
9
Toyama LRT and Cityscape②
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
10
11
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
■Weekdays: 2.1 times as many passengers as before; Weekends: 3.6 times
as many passengers using the new service.
■Increase in daytime use by senior citizens (Lifestyle Change)
【Number of Passengers by Age (Weekday) 】 【Number of Passengers by Time Zone (Weekday) 】
Effect of Toyama LRT
357
189287
399
610
260164
520
280
673
814
1,210
925
566
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
10代 20代 30代 40代 50代 60代 70代~
(人)
H17(JR) H18(ポートラム)
451
54
1,178
570532
476
688
803
392
186217283
101117119155
771
163
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
~6時台 7~8時台
9~10時台
11~12時台
13~14時台
15~16時台
17~18時台
19~20時台
21時台~
(人)
H17(JR) H18(ポートラム) 2005(JR) 2006(Toyama LRT)
(Hr)
(Passengers) (passengers)
2005(JR) 2006(Toyama LRT)
Teens 60’s 50’s 20’s 40’s 30’s 70’s 7:00 9:00 11:00 13:00 15:00 19:00 17:00 21:00
12 COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Loop Line
The extension of the tram line contributed to making
the downtown area more appealing and making it
easier for people to move around.
・Adoption of the first two-tiered system in Japan.
・Route construction was integrated with the road
space and aimed at the creation of attractive urban
space.
■Outline
Inaugural Day: December 23rd, 2009
Extended Distance: Approx. 0.9km
(Loop Line approx. 3.4km)
No. of Stations: 3 new stations were added along
the extended route.
Vehicle: 3 new low-floor cars were adopted.
City Tram Loop Line Project
Loop Line
Project
The northern route and the
southern route will be
joined in the future.
Harmonious Blend of LRT and Cityscape
■平和通り COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
13
On both weekdays and weekends, city tram
ridership has increased after the inauguration
of the Loop Line (Fiscal year 2009).
(On weekdays +42%, on weekends +32%)
・Revitalization of the entire city tram system: increased ridership, improvement of the city
center image etc.
・The line has become established: increased ridership in the downtown area, increased ease
of moving around in the area etc.
Results of City Tram Loop Line Project
【City tram ridership】 【Change in ridership between Toyama Station
and the downtown】
Ridership between Toyama Station and the
downtown has increased after the
inauguration of the Loop Line.
(On weekdays +41%, on weekends +19%)
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
5,037
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2009 2010 2011
利
用
人
数
(
人
)
5,682 5,847
2012
6,677
32%increase
7,253
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2009 2010 2011
利
用
人
数
(
人
)
10,299
9,306
2012
10,328
42%increase
867 843
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
利
用
者
数
(
人
)
(Toyama Station⇔Grand Plaza) (the downtown)
1,088 1,128
1,037
927
1,190
1,039
41%increase
19%increase
Existing route Transit Loop Line
2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012
Loop Line Existing route
【weekday 】 【weekday 】 【holiday 】 【holiday 】
14
(Passengers) (Passengers)
Inauguration of the Hokuriku Shinkansen line in spring 2015
Connecting north and south tram lines (Toyama LRT and the Loop Line)
based on thesubsequent JR Hokuriku line elevation
Improvements around Toyama Station with the Inauguration of the
Hokuriku Shinkansen Line - Connecting the North and South Tram Lines
▲Tram stop under the elevated Toyama Station
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
15 ▲New Shinkansen station and trams running north and south
▲Square in front of the south exit of Toyama Station
16
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Promotion of Residence in the City Center
and in Zones along Public Transport Lines
Housing in city center and residentially
promoted zones along public transport lines
・Purchase subsidy
Designation of city center area and residentially promoted
zones along public transport lines
・City center area: Approx. 436 ha
※Areas around 19 public transport axes centered in
Toyama Station
・Residentially promoted zones along public transport
lines: Approx. 3,000 ha
・Areas around railroad or tram stations (within a 500-meter radius)
・Areas around bus stops (within a 300-meter radius)
2005 2012 2025(Projected Total)
117,560 people 162,180 people
Number of residents in the zones
along city center and public
transportation lines
132,301 people
Projected change in number of
residents by activating public
transportation or encouraging
residence within the zone
(389,510 people) (422,009 people) (421,239 people)
(About 28%) (About 31%) (About 42%)
17
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
・All-weather multi-purpose square, attracting many people even when it is cold or snowy
・Glass roofed and equipped with a huge screen and an elevating stage
・More than 100 events are held here annually.
Revitalizing the City Center - The Grand Plaza
Size: Approx. 1,400㎡(65m×21m) Height to the ceiling: Approx. 19m Screen: Approx. 277 inches
(Outline of the facility)
18
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Revitalizing the City Center - Special Pass Project
Citizens over 65 years old can receive a 100 yen public transportation discount fare to the
city center from any station or stop in Toyama City, a collaborative project with private
transportation companies.
30% of senior citizens hold the special pass; each day an average of 2,370 people use it
<Special Pass>
Citizens over 65 years old, ¥1,000
The City Center
<How to use the pass>
①Hours of usage: 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m
②Pass can be used:
・Anywhere between the city center and within Toyama City
・Inside the city center area
・Anywhere between Toyama Municipal Hospital and within
Toyama City
19
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
①Reduce CO2 emissions
②Revitalize the city center and make it
more convenient to move around
■Project Purpose:
■No. of Bicycle Stations:
15 stations in the city center
A New Transport Option for Citizens Going Downtown without Automobiles
■No. of Bicycles:150
■Project Operator: Cyclocity Inc.
Revitalizing the City Center - Bicycle Sharing System for Toyama Citizens (Aville) -
City Tram
Loop Line
Revitalizing the City Center - Flower Tram Model Project
≪Flower Tram Model Project≫
The city tram fare is free when
customers purchase a bouquet from
a designated flowershop.
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
20
Something good happened that day
so I bought flowers and rode the
tram. Again something good
happened.
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
0人/日
4,000人/日
8,000人/日
12,000人/日
16,000人/日
H9
H10
H11
H12
H13
H14
H15
H16
H17
H18
H19
H20
H21
H22
H23
【Number of city tram passengers per day】
Inauguration of the
Loop Line
(Inauguration of
Toyama LRT)
Results of Compact City Policy - City Tram Usage
Until fiscal year 2006, the number of the city tram passengers had decreased, but the
number increased beginning in fiscal year 2007 due to the opening of Toyama LRT
and the Loop Line, the introduction of an IC card system, and low floor cars.
【City tram route map】
19
97
19
98
19
99
20
00
20
01
20
02
20
03
20
04
20
05
20
06
20
07
20
08
20
09
20
10
20
11
21
(Passengers/Day)
(year)
22
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
■Number of pedestrians in the city center steadily increased by 56.2 % during
2006 –2011
■Vacant stores in the city center decreased by 2.3 % during 2009-2011
8,421
13,155
(persons)
Observation period
the
nu
mb
er o
f p
edes
tria
ns
2011 2006
12,500
【Shift in the number of pedestrians (Weekends)】
Grand Plaza opening(2007)
56.2% Increase
【Shift in percentage of vacant stores】
2.3% decrease
%
%
%
(%)
10,000
7,500
Results of Compact City Policy - Number of pedestrians and vacant stores in the city center -
per
cen
tag
e o
f v
aca
nt
sto
res
15,000
5000
23
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Nishi-cho and Sogawa Area
Parking Structure
Grand Plaza Sogawa Shopping Street
South Area
Commercial Building
Sogawa 4-chome and Hatago-machi
Area Commercial and Residential
Building
Stimulating of private investment in urban redevelopment projects induced by public investments
Nishi-cho Southeast f Area
Commercial and Residential
Building
City Tram Loop Line
Results of Compact City Policy - Stimulation of Private Investment -
Chuo Shopping Street f Area
Commercial and Residential
Building
Nishi-cho South Area Type 1
Urban Redevelopment
Project
Scheduled for completion in
2015
New tram
station
Area scheduled for urban
redevelopment project Area scheduled for
urban redevelopment
project
24
Revitalization projects and residential promotion projects have made zones along public transport
lines more attractive. Since 2012, more people have moved into the city center and residentially
promoted zones along public transport lines than have moved out.
■Shift in population (Number of people moving into the city center and residentially promoted
zones along public transport lines minus number of people moving out)
【Shift in population (Number of people moving into the city center and residentially
promoted zones along public transport lines minus number of those moving out)】 (persons)
(year)
Results of Compact City Policy - Increase in Incoming Population -
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
25
【Change in the number of children in Toyama municipal elementary schools and the
number of elementary school children in the city center】
・In the entire city, the rate of elementary school children in the city center increased by 0.6 points. (2007-2012).
・Increase of 106 elementary school children (12.6 %) in the city center (2007-2012).
Results of Compact City Policy - Increase in Number of Elementary School Children in the City Center
951928
900868 858
839 849 858
911941 945
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H2410,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
中心市街地(芝園、中央小学校)児童数 中心市街地(芝園、中央小学校)児童数の割合(year)
(persons) (persons)
951928
900868 858
839 849 858
911941 945
22,510 22,687 22,629 22,771 23,027 23,010 23,151 22,948 22,928 22,75422,339
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
中心市街地(芝園、中央小学校)児童数 市立小学校全児童数
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
the number of children in Toyama municipal elementary schools
the number of elementary school children in the city center
951928
900868 858
839 849 858
911941 945
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
中心市街地児童数
951928
900
868 858839 849 858
911941 945
22,33922,75422,92822,94823,15123,01023,02722,77122,62922,68722,510
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
中心市街地(芝園、中央小学校)児童数 市立全小学校児童数
26
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
International Assessment of Toyama’s Compact City Policy
In the 2012 OECD report on “Compact City Policies” which looked at countries
around the world, Toyama City's compact city policy was recognized as one of five
cities with advanced policies: Melbourne, Vancouver, Paris, Portland and Toyama.
■OECD report, "Compact City Policies"
■OECD meeting at OECD Headquarters in Paris,
June 13, 2012 .
※OECD Website http://www.oecd.org/document/22/0,3746,en_2649_37429_50321238_1_1_1_37429,00.html
27
COMPACT CITY TOYAMA
Toward a city open to the future through innovation in the environment, society, and economy
Reducing CO2 emissions
Revitalizing the city center
Circulation
Nurturing social capital
Regional medicine
Nursing care
Health
Safety and social security
Reduction of administrative cost
Creation of new industries
Revitalization of rural communities
Increased tax revenue
Promotion of local industries
Creation of employment
Toyama City Management – A Unique Compact City Strategy
Realizing a sustainable society through the creation of highly desirable living conditions
that achieve a harmony between quality of life and environmental concerns
Toyama’s Compact City Management Strategy
Creation of Environmental Value
Creation of Economic Value
etc etc
etc
Creation of Social Value
Recommended