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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA
Peperiksaan Kursus Semester Cuti PanjangSidang Akademik 2002/2003
April 2003
IEK 101- PENGHITUNGAN PROSES KINIIA
Masa : 3 jam
Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi DUABELAS mukasurat(termasuk TUJUH keping Lampiran) yang bercetak sebelum anda memulakanpeperiksaan ini .
Jawab LIMA (5) soalan . Semua soalan mesti dijawab dalam Bahasa Malaysia .
Menurut tindak balas berikut :
4 FeS2 + 15 02 -+ 2 Fe203 + 8 S03
(i)
(ii)
(iv)
- 2[IEK 101]
Hitungkan berat pirit (FeS2) dan berat oksigen dikehendaki dan beratFe203 terbentuk untuk menghasilkan 100 kg S03;
Apakah isipadu S03 akan menempati pada keadaan standard (STP) ?Isipadu suatu gas pada STP ialah 22.414 L/g-mol .
Kirakan haba tindak balas kimia untuk tindak balas berikut:
CsH12(l) + 8 02(g)
= 5 C02(g) + 6 H20(1)
CH4(9) + 02(g) = HCHO(g) + H20(g)
C2HSOH(g) = CH3CHO(g) + H2(g)
2 NaOH(aq) + H2S04(aq) = Na2SO4(s) + 2 H20(1)
Diberi : C02(g),
OHf= - 393.5 kJ ;C5Hi2(1),
OHf= - 173.0 kJ ;HCHO(g), OHf=- 115.9 kJ ;C2HSOH(g), Me = - 1409.25 kJ ;H2(9), OH, _ - 285.84 kJ ;H2S04(aq), OHf= - 907.51 kJ ;
(50 markah)
H20(1),
OHf= - 285.84 kJCH4(9),
OHf= - 74.85 kJH20(g), OHf = - 241 .83 kJCH3CHO(g), OH, _ - 1192.4 kJNaOH(aq), AHf = - 469.4 kJNa2SO4(s), OHf = - 1384.5 kJ
(50 markah)
[IEK 101]
2.
Suatu gas pengeluar daripada arang kok mempunyai komposisi berikut mengikutmol:
CO 38.0CO 2 3 .0N2 59.0
100.0
Campuran gas ini akan dibakar dengan oksigen daripada udara yang dibekalkan 25kelebihan . Jika proses pembakaran adalah 90 % sempurna, hitungkan berat dan
komposisi dalam % isipadu gas-gas yang meninggalkan kamar pembakaran bagisetiap 100 kg-mol gas pengeluar yang dibakar .
3 .
(a)
Suatu campuran gas yang mengandungi 25 % mol C02
dan 75 % NH3 akandiserapkan oleh searus larutan asid untuk menyingkirkan ammonia. Campurangas yang meninggalkan alat penyerap itu mengandungi 37.5 % NH3.Anggapkan bahawa larutan asid tersebut hanya dapat menyerapkan ammonia.Apakah peratusan ammonia asal telah disingkirkan ?
(100 markah)
(50 markah)
Suatu larutan yang berkepekatan 40 % mol etilena diklorida di dalam tolueneadalah disuapkan pada kadar 100 kg-mol/h ke dalam satu turus penyulingan .Dalam keadaan mantap, hasil atas proses penyulingan ini mengandungi 95mol etilena diklorida dan hasil bawah mengandungi 10 % mol etilenadiklorida. Kirakan kadar aliran untuk kedua-dua arus hasil atas dan hasilbawah.
(50 markah)
- 4
S02 + 0.502 -+ S03OH25oc = - 23,490 cal/g-mol
(i) persamaan gas unggul
(ii)
jadual stim
Kaedah manakah akan memberi nilai yang palingjitu?
[IEK 101]
4.
Sulfur dioksida (SO2) dibakar dengan 100 % kelebihan uadara. Proses pembakarantersebut adalah 80 % sempurna. Gas-gas memasuki reaktor pada 300°C clan keluarpada 500°C. Kirakan haba, dalam kcal, yang terlibat per kg-mol S02 dibakar.
(100 markah)
5.
(a)
Penuhkan jadual berikut bagi air. Lukis semula jadual ini dalam kertas jawapananda .
(40 markah)
(b)
200 g air tepu diwapkan sepenuhnya pada tekanan malar 100 kPa. Tentukan
(i)
perubahan isipadu
(ii) jumlah tenaga yang ditambah kepada air
(iii)
lakarkan proses ini dalam gambarajah P-v merujuk kepada garisan tepu .
(30 markah)
(c)
Tentukan isipadu spesifik bagi wap panas lampau (H20) pada 8MPa clan 400°Cmenggunakan :
(30 markah)
Suhu(°C) TekanankPa
h (kJ/kg) x (kualiti) Penerangan Fasa
250 1500100 0
300 3000
6.
(a)
Satu gas mempunyai komposisi berikut:
C02 10%CH4 40%C2H4 50%
[IEK 101]
36 lb gas ini perlu dimasukkan dalam setiap silinder . Silinder hendaklahdirekabentuk supaya tekanan maksimum tidak melebihi 2400 psig apabila suhuialah 180°F. Hitung isipadu silinder yang perlu menggunakan kaedahpseudokritik/Kay .
(40 markah)
(b) Satu pekerja memasukkan udara kering kepada satu paip tegar (garispusatdalaman 30 mm dan 20 m panjang) untuk memeriksa samada terdapatkebocoran. Suhu dan tekanan mutlak udara di dalam paip adalah 35t dan205kPa. Pekerja tersebut kembali selepas 24 jam dan mendapati bahawatekanan mutlak telah jatuh kepada 183 kPa, dan suhu di dalam paip adalah21 °C. Adakah paip tersebut bocor? Jika ya, kira jisim udara yang telah keluardisebabkan kebocoran.
(30 markah)
(c)
Satu injap tertebat digunakan untuk untuk mendikitkan (throttle) stim daripada8 MPa dan 500°C kepada 6MPa. . Tentukan suhu akhir stim tersebut.
(30 markah)
' 'TABLE-
MEAN MOLAL HEAT CAPACITIES OF GASES BETWEEN 25 ANDt° C (p = 0)
g-cal/(gmole) (H-)
6 -
LAMPIRAN
IEK 101
t Hz N2 CO Air 02 NO H2O CO2 HCl C12 CH4 S02 C2H4 S03 CSH4
25 6.894 6.961 6.965 6.972 7.017 7.134 8 .024 8 .884 6 .96 8.12 8.55 9 .54 10.45 12 .11 12 .63100 6.924 6.972 6.983 6.996 7.083 7.144 8.084 9 .251 6 .97 8 .24 8.98 9 .85 11 .35 12 .84 13 .76200 6 .957 6.996 7.017 7.021 7.181 7.224 8 .177 9 .701 6 .98 8 .37 9 .62 10 .25 12 .53 13 .74 15 .27300 6 .970 7.036 7.070 7.073 7.293 7.252 8.215 10 .108 7.00 8 .48 10 .29 10 .62 13 .65 14 .54 16.72400 6 .982 7 .089 7 .136 7 .152 7.406 7.301 8.409 10 .462 7.02 8.55 10 .97 10 .94 14 .67 15 .22 18.11500 6 .995 7 .159 7 .210 7 .225 7 .515 7 .389 8.539 10.776 7.06 8 .61 11 .65 11 .22 15 .60 15 .82 19 .39600 7.011 7 .229 7 .289 7 .299 7 .616 7 .470 8.678 11 .053 7.10 8.66 12 .27 11 .45 16 .45 16 .33 20.58700 7.032 7.298 7.365 7 .374 7 .706 7 .549 8.816 11 .303 7.15 8.70 12 .90 11 .66 17 .22 16 .77 21 .68800 7.060 7.369 7.443 7.447 7.792 7 .630 8.96311-53 7.21 8 .73 13 .48 11 .84 17 .95 17 .17 22 .72900 7 .076 7.443 7 .521 7.520 7.874 7.708 9.109 11 .74 7.27 8 .77 14 .04 12 .01 18 .63 17.52 23 .69
1000 7 .128 7 .507 7 .587 7.593 7 .941 7 .773 9 .246 11 .92 7.33 8 .80 14 .56 12..15 19 .23 17.86 24 .56, 1100 7 .169 7 .574 7 .653 7 .660 8.009 7 .839 9 .389 12 .10 7.39 8 .82 15.04 12 .28 19 .81 18.17 25 .401200 7.209 7 .635 7 .714 7 .719 8 .068 7.898 9.524 12 .25 7 .45 8.94 15.49 12 .39 20 .33 18 .44 26 .151300 7.252 7.692 7.772 7.778 8.123 7.952 9 .66 12 .391400 7.288 7.738 7.818 7.824 8.166 7 .994 9.77 12 .501500 7.326 7.786 7.866 7.873 8.203 8 .039 9 .89 12 .691600 7.386 7 .844 7.922 7.929 8.269 8.092 9 .95 12 .751700 7.421 7 .879 7.958 7 .965 8.305 8.124 10 .13 12 .701800 7 .467 7 .924 8 .001 8 .010 8.349 8.164 10 .24 12 .941900 7.505 7.957 8 .033 8 .043 8 .383 8.192 10 .34 13 .012000 7.548 7.994 8.069 8 .081 8 .423 8 .225 10 .43 13 .102100 7.588 8.028 8.101 8.115 8.460 8 .255 10 .52 13.172200 7.624 8.054 8.127 8.144 8.491 8 .277 10 .61 13.24
CONVERSION
LAMPIRANFACTORS AND
IEK 101CONSTANTSOF NATURE
t Values that end in an asterisk are met, try de6nitioo .
Avogadro numberbarrel (petroleum)
bar
lbj,Cn .= ..particles/g motIt1gal .(U.S .)m'N/,2
lbffin .=
14.6966.022169 x 10115.614642*0.15899I- x 10,14504
Boltzmann constant J/K 1 .380622 x 10'' 1Btu -ml, 251996
ft4br 778.17J 1055.06kWh 29307 x 10"
Btu/1b calrr/g 055556BtuAb-°F cater/g-°C 1 .Btu/ft1 -h W/m1 3 .1546Btu/ft'-h.*F . .W/,2_.C 5.6783
kcal/m1 -h-K 4.882Btu-ft/ftz-h-°F W-m/m=°C 1.73073
kcal/m-h-K 1 .488
Cal, Btu -3.9683 x 10'ft-lb, 3.0873J 4.1868 .
cal J 4.184 .CM in. 0.39370
It 0.0328084ctrl ft1 3.531467 x 10' 1
gal (US) 264172 x 10- 'cP (centipoise) kg/m-s 1 . x 10 -1
Ib/1t-h 24191lb/ft-s 6.7197 x 10"
cSt (ccntistoke) . m=/s 1 . x 10'6faraday C/8 mot 9.648670 x 10'ft m 0.3048*ft46f Btu 1 .2851 x 10" 1
Cal, 032383J 135582
ft-lbf/s Btu/h 4.6262hp 1 .81818 x 10' 1
ft1/h m 1/s 2581 x 10' 1ctrl/s 0.2581
ft1 ant 28316839 x IVgal (US .) 7.48052L 2831684
ft'-atm Btu 271948raln. 685.29J 2.8692 x 101
ft1/s gal (U.S)/min 448.83gal (US.) ft1 0.13368
in .' . 231 .gravitational constant N-m 1/kg1 6.673 x 10-11gravity acceleration, standard m/s1 9.80665-h min 60.
s 3600 .hp Btu)h 2544A3
kW' 0.74624hp/1000 gal kW/m 1 0.197in. cto 254*in 3 an 3 16 .3871J erg' 1 . x 101
ft-lbf 0.73756kg Ib 220462kWh Btu 34121L m1 1 . x 10' 1Ib kg 0.45359237 .ib/ft 3 kg/m 1 16.018
g/an 1 0.016018ibr An! N/m1 6.89473 x 10 1Ib mol/ft 1-h kg mot/m 1-s 1 .3562 x 10" 1
g mot/em=-s 1 .3562 x 10"`light, speed of m/s 2997925 x 10 1m It 3 .280840
in. 393701m' It3 35 .3147
gal (U.S.) 264.17N dyn 1 . x 10,
lb, 0.22481N/m 1 lb fln. 1 1 .4498 x 10"Planck constant J-s 6.626196 x 10' 11proof (US.) percent alcohol by volume 0.5'ton (long) kg 1016
lb 2240.ton (short) lb 2000.ton (metric) Its 1000,
lb 2204.6yd ft . .3.~__ .
m 0.9144-
To convert from To Multiply byr
acre ft 2 43,560*m= 4046.85
atm N/m 1 1 .01325 " x 101
ATOMIC WEIGHTSAND NUMBERSTABLE B.1
Relative Atomic Weights, 1965 (Based on the Atomic Mass of 12C =12)The values for atomic weights given in the table apply to elements as they exist in nature,without artificial alteration of their isotopic composition, and, further, to natural mixtures thatdo not include isotopes of radiogenic origin .
LAMPIRAN (IEK 101)
Appendix 10
SOURCE : Compres Rendus, 23rd IUPAC Conference, 1965, Bptterworth's. London. 1965 . on. 177-178. 0 *9/-
Name SymbolAtomicNumber
AtomicWeight Name Symbol
AtomicNumber
AtomicWeight
Actinium Ac 89 - Mercury Hg 80 20059Aluminum Al 13 26.9815 Molybdenum Mo 42 95.94Americium Am 95 - Neodymium Nd 60 144.24Antimony Sb 51 121.75 Neon Ne 10 20.183Argon Ar 18 39.948 Neptunium Np 93 -Arsenic As 33 74.9216 Nickel Ni 28 58.71Astatine At 85 - Niobium Nb 41 92.906Barium Ba 56 137.34 Nitrogen N 7 14.0067Berychum Bk 97 - Nobelium No 102 -Beryllium Be 4 9.0122 Osmium Os 75 190.2Bismuth Bi 83 208.980 Oxygen 0 8 15.9994Boron B 5 10.811 Palladium Pd 46 106.4Bromine Br 35 79.904 Phosphorus P 15 30.9738Cadmium Cd 48 112.40 Platinum Pt 78 195.09Caesium Cs 55 132.905 Plutonium Pu 94 -Calcium Ca 20 40.08 Polonium Po 84Californium Cf 98 - Potassium K 19 39.102Carbon C 6 12.01115 Praseodym Pr 59 140.907Cerium Ce 58 140.12 Promethium Pm 61 -Chlorine CI 17 35.453b Protactinium Pa 91 -Chromium Cr 24 51.996b Radium Ra 88 -Cobalt Co 27 58.9332 Radon Rn 86 -Coppcr Cu 29 63.546b Rhenium Re 75 186.2Curium Cm 96 - Rhodium Rh 45 102.905Dysprosium Dy 66 162.50 Rubidium Rb - 37 8457Einsteinium Es 99 - Ruthenium Ru 44 101 .07Erbium Er 68 167.26 Samarium Sm 62 150.35Europium Eu 63 151.96 Scandium Sc 21 44.956Fcrmium Fm 100 - Selenium Se 34 78.96Flourine F 9 18.9984 Silicon Si 14 28.086Francium Fr 87 - Silver Ag 47 107.868Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25 Sodium Na 11 22.9898Gallium Ga 31 69.72 Strontium Sr 38 87.62Gcrmanium Ge 32 72.59 Sulfur S 16 32.064Gold Au 79 196.967 Tantalum Ta 73 180.948Hafnium Hf 72 178.49 Technetium Tc 43 -Helium He 2 4.0026 Tellurium Te 52 127.60Holmium Ho 67 164.930 Terbium Tb 65 158.924Hydrogen H 1 1.00797 Thallium TI 81 204.37Indium In 49 114.82 Thorium Th 90 232.038Iodine 1 53 126.9044 Thulium Tm 59 168.934Iridium Ir 77 192.2 Tin Sn 50 118.69Iron Fe 26 55.847 Titanium Ti 22 47.90Krypton Kr 36 83.80 Tungsten W 74 183.85Lanthanum La 57 138.91 Uranium U 92 238.03Lawrencium Lr 103 - Vanadium V 23 50.942Lead Pb 82 207.19 Xenon Xe 54 131.30Lithium Li 3 6.939 Ytterbium Yb 70 173.04Lutetium Lu 71 174.97 Yttrium Y 39 88.905Magnesium Mg 12 24.312 Zinc Zn 30 65.37Manganese Mn 25 54.9380 Zirconium Zr 40 91 .22Mendelevium Md 101 -
Keadaan Standard Biasa bagi Gas Unggul
LAMPIRAN9 -
[IEK 1011
Sistem T p VSI 273.15K 101.325 kPa 22.415 m3/kg molUniversal scientific 0.0°C 760 mm Hg 22.415 liters/g molNatural gas industry 60.0°C 14.696 psia 379.4 ft'fb mol
' (15.0°C) (101 .325 kPa)American engineering 32°F 1 atm 3359.05 ft'!lb mol
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