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Design and Operation of the UVIAquaponic System
James Rakocy, Donald Bailey
Charlie Shultz and Jason Danaher
University of the Virgin Islands
Agricultural Experiment Station
St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
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Hydroponic tanks
Rearing tanks
Effluent line
SumpClarifier
Filter tanksReturn line
Base addition
Degassing
System Layout
Total water volume, 110 m3 Land area - 0.05 ha
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System Design
u Four fish rearing tanks, 7.8 m3 each
u Two cylindro-conical clarifiers, 3.8 m3 each
u Four filter tanks, 0.7 m3 each
u One degassing tank, 0.7 m3
u Six hydroponic tanks, 11.3 m3 each
u Total plant growing area, 214 m2
u One sump, 0.6 m3
u Base addition tank, 0.2 m3
u Total water volume, 110 m3
u Land area - 0.05 ha
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Treatment Processes
u Air stones, 22 per rearing tank, 24 per hydroponic tank
u Solids removal, three times daily from clarifier,filter tank cleaning one or two times weekly
u Denitrification in filter tanks
u Continuous degassing of methane, CO2 , H2S, N2u Direct uptake of ammonia and other nutrient by plants
uNitrification in hydroponic tank
u Retention time: rearing tank, 1.37 h; clarifier, 20 min,hydroponic tanks, 3 h
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Treatment Characteristics
Removal rates using romaine lettuce (g/m2/d):
NH3-N, 0.56
NO2-N, 0.62COD, 30.3
Total nitrogen, 0.83
Total phosphorous, 0.17
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Raft Hydroponics
u Advantages: no tank size limitation, no root clogging,
maximum exposure of roots to water, sheets
shade and cool water, plants not affected when
water pump stops, easy to harvest
u Disadvantages: roots vulnerable to damage by
zooplankton, snails and other organisms (use tetras to
control zooplankton and red ear sunfish to control
snails)
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Important Principles
uOptimum feeding rate, 60 - 100 g/m2plantarea/day prevents nutrient accumulation ordeficiency
uSlow removal of solids increases mineralization
uFrequency of filter tank cleaning controlsnitrate levels through denitrification
uTreatment capacity of hydroponic tanks isequivalent to 180 g of feed/day/m2 of plant area
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Production Management
u Feeding: three times daily ad libitum32% protein, floating, complete diet
u Stagger fish production, 24 week cycle, harvest every 6
weeksu Stagger plant production
u Use biological insect control
uMonitor pH daily, maintain pH 7.0 by
alternate and equal additions Ca(OH)2 and KOHu Add chelated iron (2 mg/L) every 3 weeks
u Add makeup water daily, about 1.5% of system volume
u Purge fish for 4-5 days before sale
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Energy Consumption
uOne blower for fish and degassing, 1.5 hp
uOne blower for hydroponics, 1 hp
uOne water pump, hpuTotal energy consumption 3.0 hp
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Production
uTilapia - 5 mt annually , 580 kg every 6 weeks,
160 kg/m3/yr
uStocking rate: Niles, 77 fish/m3
; reds, 154 fish/m3
uLeaf lettuce - 1,404 cases annually, 24-30
heads/case, 27 cases/week
u
Basil 5 mt annuallyuOkra 2.9 mt annually
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Advantages of Aquaponics
u Fish provide most nutrients required by plants
u Plants use nutrients to produce a valuable by-product
u Hydroponic component serves as a biofilter
u Hydroponic plants extend water use andreduce discharge to the environment
u Integrated systems require less water qualitymonitoring than individual systems
u Profit potential increased due to free nutrients for plants,lower water requirement, elimination of separate
biofilter, less water quality monitoring and shared costsfor operation and infrastructure.
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Perspective on UVI Aquaponic System
uThe system represents appropriate or intermediatetechnology
uIt conserves water and reuses nutrientsuThe technology can be applied at a subsistence level or
commercial scale
u
Production is continuous and sustainableuThe system is simple, reliable and robust
uManagement is easy if guidelines are followed
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