vinificarea strugurilor

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2%,(&7,9(�850 5,7( &RUHODUHD� QR LXQLORU� DFXPXODWH� GLQ� UDPXUD� YLWLFXOWXULL� FX� FHOH� FH� DSDU� RGDW � FX�SDUFXUJHUHD� HWDSHORU� GH� IHUPHQWDUH� D� VXFXOXL� GH� VWUXJXUL�� 6H� GRUHúWH� IL[DUHD� VXFFHVLXQLL�RSHUD LLORU� GH� SUHOXFUDUH� D�PDWHULHL� SULPH� SDUDOHOH� FX� WUDQVIRUP ULOH� ELRFKLPLFH� DOH� VXFXOXL� –PXVWXOXL��HYLGHQ LLQGX-VH�HOHPHQWHOH�OHJDWH�GH�UDQGDPHQWH�GH�IDEULFD LH� REZUMAT $FHVW� FDSLWRO� vQFHSH� FX� XQ� WUXQFKL� FRPXQ� GH� HOHPHQWH� GLQ� YLWLFXOWXU � úL� YLQLILFD LH��HYLGHQ LLQGX-se aspectele legate deprHOXFUDUHD� XOWHULRDU � D� VWUXJXULORU�� 'XS � H[SXQHUHD�VXFFHVLXQLL�RSHUD LLORU�GH� WUDQVIRUPDUH�D�PDWHULHL�SULPH�–strugure în produs semifabricat-must, VH�FRQWLQX �GHWDOLHUHD�SUHJ WLULL�SURFHVXOXL�GH�IHUPHQWD LH�DOFRROLF �SDUDOHO�FX�WUDQVIRUP ULOH�GH�VWUXFWXU �ce au loc în must. 6H�WUDWHD] �GH�DVHPHQHD�GLIHUHQ LDW�SUHOXFUDUHD�VWUXJXULORU�DOEL�GH�FHL�URúLL�úL�DURPD L� CUVINTE SAU EXPRESII CHEIE:��ERWULWL]DUHD�VWUXJXULORU�úL�PXVWXLDOD�

9

1. STRUGURII –�0$7(5,(�35,0 �3(1758�9,1,),&$ ,(

Ca în oricare indusWULH� úL� vQ� LQGXVWULD� YLQLFRO � FXQRDúWHUHD�PDWHULHL� SULPH� HVWH� DEVROXW�QHFHVDU �� vQWUXFkW�QXPDL�DúD�HD�SRDWH�IL�IRORVLW � vQ�PRGXO�FHO�PDL�DYDQWDMRV��5DPXUD�GH�úWLLQ �FDUH�VH�RFXS �FX�VWXGLXO�VWUXJXUHOXL��SULYLQGX-O�FD�PDWHULH�SULP �SHQWUX�WUDQVIRUPDUHD�OXL într-un SURGXV�RDUHFDUH��HVWH�GHVHPQDW �VXE�QXPHOH�GH�XYRORJLH��XYD� �VWUXJXUH�úL�ORJRV� �YRUELUH�� ÌQ�FDGUXO�XYRORJLHL�VH�VWXGLD] �S U LOH�FRPSRQHQWH�DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL��UDSRUWXULOH�FDQWLWDWLYH�úL�QXPHULFH�FH�H[LVW �vQWUH�DFHVWHD�úL�FRPSR]L LD�ORU�FKLPLF ��3ULYLW �GLQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH��XYRORJLD� DUH� IRDUWH� PDUH� LPSRUWDQ � vQWUXFkW� FX� DMXWRUXO� HL� VH� SRDWH� VWDELOL� vQ� PRG� úWLLQ LILF��SHQWUX� ILHFDUH� VRL�� GLUHF LD� GH� IRORVLQ �FHD�PDL� DGHFYDW � �VWUXJXUL� GH�PDV �� SHQWUX�VWDILGH� VDX�struguri pentru vin) în carH� VH� SRW� UHDOL]D� SURGXVH� GH� EXQ � FDOLWDWH� úL� FX� HILFLHQ � HFRQRPLF �PD[LP �� 'H� DVHPHQHD�� FDUDFWHUL]DUHD� XYRORJLF � DMXW � OD� DVRFLHUHD� VRLXULORU� vQ� VRUWLPHQWH�WHKQRORJLFH�úL�vQJ GXLH�RHQRORJXOXL�V �VWDELOHDVF �FHOH�PDL�FRUHVSXQ] WRDUH�VFKHPH�WHKQRORJLFH

VI NI FI CAREA STRUGURI LOR

de�SUHOXFUDUH�D�VWUXJXULORU�vQ�YHGHUHD�RE LQHULL�XQRU�FDWHJRULL�úL�WLSXUL�GH�YLQ�VDX�D�DOWRU�SURGXVH�SH� ED] � GH� VWUXJXUL��PXVW� úL� YLQ�� ÌQ� ILQH�� XYRORJLD� SHUPLWH� V � VH� FRPSDUH� LQGLFLL� FDQWLWDWLYL� úL�calitativi ai produsului finit cu cei ai materiei prime din care a provenit, asigurând astfel SRVLELOLWDWHD�H[HUFLW ULL�XQXL�FRQWURO�ULJXURV�DVXSUD�SURFHVXOXL�GH�SURGXF LH�

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'LQ�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH�PRUIRORJLF��VWUXJXUHOH�S VWUHD] �DFHHDúL�DOF WXLUH�FD�úL�LQIORUHVFHQ D�GLQ�FDUH�SURYLQH��UDFHP�FRPSXV���ILLQG�FRQVWLWXLW�GLQ�GRX �S U L�GLVWLQFWH��FLRUFKLQHOH�úL�ERDEHOH� &LRUFKLQHOH��QXPLW�úL�VFKHOHWXO�VWUXJXUHOXL��HVWH�IRUPDW�GLQWU-un ax principal pe care sunt LQVHUDWH�UDPLILFD LL�GH�RUGLQXO�,,��LDU�SH�DFHVWHD�GH�RUGLQXO�,,,�úL�PDL�UDU�GH�RUGLQXO�,9��,QVHUDUHD�ERDEHL�OD�FLRUFKLQH�VH�IDFH�SULQ�LQWHUPHGLXO�XQHL�FRGL H��QXPLW �SHGLFHO��vQ�YkUIXO�F UHLD�VH�DIO �EXUHOHWXO��UH]XOWDW�SULQ�VSRULUHD�GLPHQVLXQLORU�UHFHSWDFROXOXL��ÌQ�IXQF LH�GH�VRL��JUDGXO�GH�FRDFHUH�úL�VWDUHD�ILWRVDQLWDU �D�UHFROWHL��FLRUFKLQLL�UHSUH]LQW ��-10% din greutatea strugurilor. Boaba sau fructul propriu-]LV�HVWH�R�EDF �DOF WXLW �GLQ�SLHOL ��PLH]�úL�VHPLQ H��ÌQ�UDSRUW�GH�JUHXWDWHD�VWUXJXUHOXL��ERDEHOH�UHSUH]LQW ���-98% . 3LHOL D sau epicarpXO�UHSUH]LQW ��-����GLQ�JUHXWDWHD�ERDEHL�úL�HVWH�DOF WXLW �GLQ�HSLGHUP �úL�KLSRGHUP ��(SLGHUPD�HVWH�FRQVWLWXLW �GLQWU-XQ�VLQJXU�VWUDW�GH�FHOXOH�FX�SHUH LL�H[WHUQL�vQJURúD L�DFRSHUL L�GH�FXWLFXO �úL�XQ�VWUDW�GH�FHDU �FH�FRQVWLWXLH�DúD�QXPLWD�SUXLQ ��+LSRGHUPD�HVWH�IRUPDW �din 7-���VWUDWXUL�GH�FHOXOH�DOXQJLWH��ERJDWH�vQ�VXEVWDQ H�RGRUDQWH��WDQDQWH�úL�FRORUDQWH� Miezul sau pulpa�� HVWH�DOF WXLW�GLQ�PH]RFDUS�úL�HQGRFDUS��Mezocarpul este format din 11-16 straturi de celule pline aproape în totalitate, cu suc vacuolar (must) bogat în zaharuri, acizi RUJDQLFL�� V UXUL�PLQHUDOH�HWF��&LWRSODVPD�� vQ�FDUH�HVWH�VLWXD�QXFOHXO�� VH�J VHúWH�VXE� IRUPD�XQXL�VWUDW� VXE LUH� OLSLW� GH� SHUH LL� FHOXOHL�� /D� FRDFHUH�� ODPHOD� PHGLDQ �� ILLQG� GH� QDWXU � SHFWLF �� VH�JHOLILF ��ÌQ�YHFLQ WDWHD�VHPLQ HORU��FHOXOHOH�VXQW�PDL�PLFL��DOXQJLWH��GHQVH�úL�PDL�SX LQ�ERJDWH�vQ�]DKDUXUL�� HOH� DOF WXLHVF� ³LQLPD´� ERDEHL� VDX� HQGRFDUSXO� FDUH� SUDFWLF� QX� VH� GLVWLQJH� GH� UHVWXO�SXOSHL�� /D�PDWXULWDWHD� GHSOLQ �� SXOSD� UHSUH]LQW � ��-88% din greutatea boabei, iar resturile de SHUH L�FHOXODUL�úL�GH�IDVFLFXOH�OLEHUR-OHPQRDVH��FDUH�FRQVWLWXLH�SDUWHD�VROLG �D�PLH]XOXL��UHSUH]LQW �SkQ �OD������GLQ�JUHXWDWHD�OXL� 6HPLQ HOH�UHSUH]LQW ��-6% din greutatea boabei. 7RDWH�DFHVWH�S U L�FRQVWLWXWLYH�DOH�VWUXJXUHOXL�úL�ERDEHL��GHRVHEite între ele din punct de YHGHUH� PRUIRORJLF� úL� IL]LRORJLF�� VXQW� GHQXPLWH� XQLW L� XYRORJLFH�� 'HWHUPLQDUHD� ORU� VXE� UDSRUW�JUDYLPHWULF�úL�QXPHULF�úL�D�UDSRUWXULORU�vQ�FDUH�VH�J VHVF�XQHOH�ID �GH�DOWHOH�FRQVWLWXLH�RELHFWXO�analizei mecanice a strugurilor. Pe�ED]D�GDWHORU�RE LQXWH�GLQ�DFHDVW �DQDOL] ��HIHFWXDW �RELúQXLW�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQRU�EDODQ H�WHKQLFH��VH�FDOFXOHD] �R�VHULH�GH�LQGLFL�XYRORJLFL�GLQWUH�FDUH�PDL�LPSRUWDQ L�VXQW�� LQGLFHOH� GH� VWUXFWXU � D� VWUXJXUHOXL�� LQGLFHOH� ERDEHL�� LQGLFHOH� GH� FRPSR]L LH� D� ERDEHL� úL�indicele de randament.

,QGLFHOH�GH�VWUXFWXU �DO�VWUXJXUHOXL este dat de raportul uiciorchinel

boabelor

greutatea

greutatea úL�

SUH]LQW �YDORUL�FXSULQVH�vQWUH����úL�����YDORULOH�PLFL�ILLQG�FDUDFWHULVWLFH�VRLXULORU�GH�YLQ��LDU�FHOH�mari sunt proprii strugurilor pentru maV � Indicele boabei�� UHVSHFWLY� QXP UXO� GH� ERDEH� OD� ���� J� VWUXJXUL�� HVWH�PLF� OD� VRLXULOH� GH�PDV ��XQGH�SRDWH�V �FRERDUH�SkQ �OD����úL�PDUH�OD�VRLXULOH�GH�YLQ��XQGH�XQHRUL�GHS úHúWH�����

,QGLFHOH�GH�FRPSR]L LH�DO�ERDEHL, dat de raportul semintelorgreutateapieliteigreutatea

miezuluigreutatea

+

are valori cuprinse între 10-���OD�VRLXULOH�SHQWUX�PDV �úL�vQWUH��-8 la cele pentru vin. Indicele de randament, rezultat din raportul greutatea mustului/ greutatea tescovinei, poate varia de la 2,5 la 5, cu o valoare medie GH����ILLQG�PDL�SX LQ�FDUDFWHULVWLF�FD�V �ILH�OXDW�GUHSW�

FULWHULX� GH� GHRVHELUH� D� VRLXULORU� GH� YLQ� GH� FHOH� GH� PDV �� ÌQ� VFKLPE�� DO WXUL� GH� LQGLFHOH� GH�FRPSR]L LH�DO�ERDEHL��HO�RJOLQGHúWH�ILGHO� UDSRUWXO� vQWUH�HOHPHQWHOH�SODVWLFH�úL�FHOH�PHFDQLFH�DOH�strugurelui.

1.2. Recoltarea strugurilor 1.2.1. Stabilirea momentului optim de cules

Problema stabiliri momentului optim de recoltare a constituit obiectul de studiu a multor FHUFHW WRUL�� ÌQ�SULQFLSLX��HD� UH]LG � vQ�FXQRDúWHUHD� úL�DOHJHUHa acelei date în cursul perioadei de FRDFHUH� vQ� FDUH� VWUXJXULL� DX� DMXQV� V � FRUHVSXQG � VFRSXOXL� SHQWUX� FDUH� VXQW� GHVWLQD L��$OHJHUHD�MXGLFLRDV �D�DFHVWXL�PRPHQW�QX�HVWH�R�RSHUD LXQH�DúD�GH�XúRDU ��vQWUXFkW�DFHVWD�HVWH�GHWHUPLQDW�GH�QXPHURúL�IDFWRUL��GLQWUH�FDUH�R� LPSRUWDQ �GHRVHELW �SUH]LQW � VWDUHD�GH�PDWXULWDWH�D�VWUXJXULORU��VWDUHD�ORU�GH�V Q WDWH��FRQGL LLOH�HFRQRPLFH��PRGXO�GH�UHFROWDUH�HWF�

� Starea de maturitate a strugurilor

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2.1. Zdrobitul strugurilor

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2.3. Tratamente aplicate mustuielii

0XVWXLDOD� UH]XOWDW � GLQ� SUHOXFUDUHD� VWUXJXULORU� WUHEXLH� SURWHMDW � ID � GH� DF LXQHD�G XQ WRDUH�D�DHUXOXL�SUHFXP�úL�vPSRWULYD�PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU�SDWRJHQH��3URWHF LD�VH�LPSXQH�PDL�DOHV�FkQG�UHFROWD�HVWH�DWLQV �GH�SXWUHJDLXO�FHQXúLX�VDX�LQYDGDW �GH�GLIHULWH�PXFHJDLXUL��SUHFXP�úL�DWXQFL�FkQG�VWD LRQDUHD�HL�vQ�VWDGLXO�GH�PXVWXLDO �GHS úHúWH�XQ�DQXPLW�WHUPHQ�� ,QIOXHQ D� R[LJHQXOXL� GLQ� DHU� DVXSUD� PXVWXLHOLL� HVWH� IRDUWH� SXWHUQLF �� vQGHRVHEL� FkQG�aceasta provine din struguri albi�� 'DF � QX� VH� LDX� P VXUL� GH� SURWHMDUH�� DURPD� PXVWXOXL� VH�GHQDWXUHD] ��IUXFWXR]LWDWHD�VH�GLVWUXJH�LDU�FXORDUHD�GHYLQH�GLQ�FH�vQ�FH�PDL�vQFKLV ��(IHFWXO�HVWH�úL�PDL�SURQXQ DW� vQ�FRQGL LLOH� vQ�FDUH� ID]D� OLFKLG �GLQ�PXVWXLDO � U PkQH� vQWU-R�FDQWLWDWH�PDL�PLF �fa � GH� FHD� LQL LDO �� IDSW� FH� VH� REVHUY � OD� VFXUJHUHD� PXVWXOXL� úL� SUHVDUHD� ERúWLQHL�� ÌQ� FD]XO�VWUXJXULORU�QHJUL��R[LGDUHD�HVWH�PDL�SX LQ�SHULFXORDV ��GHRDUHFH�PXVWXLDOD�HVWH�SDU LDO�SURWHMDW �GH�SUH]HQ D�VXEVWDQ HORU�WDQDQWH�FDUH�MRDF �XQ�URO�DQWLR[LGDQW� PHQWUX�D�HYLWD�XUP ULOH�QHIDVWH�DOH�R[LG ULL��FHO�PDL�ELQH�DU�IL�FD�PXVWXLDOD�V �QX�YLQ �vQ�FRQWDFW�FX�DHUXO��ÌQ�SUDFWLF ��vQV ��DFHVW�OXFUX�QX�HVWH�SRVLELO�GHRDUHFH��vQFHSkQG�GH�OD�]GURELUHD�VWUXJXULORU� úL� SkQ � OD� vPEXWHOLHUHD� YLQXOXL��PDMRULWDWHD� RSHUD LXQLORU� SH� FDUH� OH� UHFODP � IOX[XO�WHKQRORJLF�VXQW� vQVR LWH�PDL�PXOW�VDX�PDL�SX LQ�GH�XQ�SURFHV�GH�R[LJHQDUH��'LQ�DFHVWH�PRWLYH��DSOLFDUHD� XQRU� WUDWDPHQWH� vQ� YHGHUHD� DQLKLO ULL� HIHFWXOXL� G XQ WRU� DO� R[LJHQXOXL� GHYLQH�REOLJDWRULH�� 3URWHF LD� HVWH� QHFHVDU � vQGHRVHEL� vQ� WLPSXO� YLQLILF ULL�� GHRDUHFH� vQ� DFHVW� VWDGLX�UHFROWD� HVWH� PXOW� PDL� VHQVLELO � OD� R[LGDUH� GHFkW� XOWHULRU�� FkQG� HVWH� WUDQVIRUPDW � vQ� YLQ�� 'H�DVHPHQHD��SUH]HQ D�R[LGRUHGXFWD]HORU�vQWU-R�SURSRU LH�PDL�ULGLFDW �SH�S U LOH�VROLGH�GHFkW�vQ�VXF��GHWHUPLQ �FD�PXVWXLDOD�V �DEVRDUE �GH��-4 ori mai mult oxigen decât mustul. Astfel, s-a constat F �OD��-���PLQXWH�GH�OD�]GURELUHD�VWUXJXULORU�FDQWLWDWHD�GH�R[LJHQ�GL]ROYDW �vQ�PXVWXLDO �SRDWH�V �DMXQJ �OD����-����PJ�O��$FHVW�IDSW�UHOLHIHD] �F ��vQ�WHKQRORJLD�SURGXFHUii vinurilor albe separarea PXVWXOXL�GH�ERúWLQ �WUHEXLH�I FXW �FkW�PDL�UDSLG��([LVWHQ D�vQ�PXVWXLDO �D�UHVWXULORU�GH�IUXQ]H�úL�O VWDUL�� DúD� FXP� VH� vQWkPSO � XQHRUL� vQ� FD]XO� UHFROWDWXOXL� PHFDQL]DW�� LQWHQVLILF � GH� �-3 ori activitatea oxidorectazelor. De aceea�� XQLL� DXWRUL� UHFRPDQG � GHIROLHUHD� EXWXFLORU� vQDLQWH� GH�LQWURGXFHUHD�vQ�SODQWD LH�D�FRPELQHORU�GH�UHFROWDW��'DWXQDVFKYLOL�(��1��úL�0LGGDG]H�5�.��������� 'LQWUH� � WUDWDPHQWHOH�FX�URO�DQWLR[LGDQW��FDUH�VH�DSOLF �PXVWXLHOLL��FHO�PDL�HILFDFH�úL�PDL�generalizat� vQ�SURGXF LD�YLQLFRO �V-a dovedit sulfitarea. Prin administrare de SO2 în timpul sau LPHGLDW� GXS � RE LQHUHD� PXVWXLHOLL�� HQ]LPHOH� FDUH� FDWDOL]HD] � UHDF LLOH� GH� R[LGRUHGXFHUH��UHVSRQVDELOH� GH� EUXQLILFDUHD� PXVWXOXL� úL� GH� DOWH� PRGLILF UL� QHGRULWH�� VXQW� SXVH� vn stare de LQDFWLYLWDWH��/D�GR]HOH�vQ�FDUH�VH�XWLOL]HD] ���-���J�KO���ELR[LGXO�GH�VXOI�GH�WHUPLQ ��GH�DVHPHQHD��

R� LQDFWLYLWDWH� GH� VFXUW � GXUDW � D� OHYXULORU� úL� GHFL�� R� vQWkU]LHUH� vQ� GHFODQúDUHD� IHUPHQWD LHL�DOFRROLFH��SUHFXP�úL�R�GLVWUXJHUH�SDU LDO �D�EDFWHULLORU�UHVSRQVDELOH�GH�DSDUL LD�XQRU�IHUPHQWD LL�QHGRULWH��DFHWLF ��PDQLWLF ��ODFWLF �HWF����6-D�FRQVWDWDW��vQ�VFKLPE��F �622�QX�vPSLHGLF �PDFHUD LD��FL�GLQ�FRQWU �R�IDYRUL]HD] ��PDL�DOHV�DWXQFL�FkQG�JUDGXO�GH�VXOILWDUH�HVWH�ULGLFDW� Oxidarea mustuielii sH� PDL� SRDWH� SUHYHQL� úL� FX� DMXWRUXO� &22. În acest sens, trebuie PHQ LRQDW�IDSWXO�F �LQGXVWULD�YLQLFRO �D�vQFHSXW�V �IRORVHDVF �PDúLQL�úL�LQVWDOD LL�DVWIHO�HFKLSDWH��vQFkW�RSHUD LLOH�FH�OH�UHYLQ��]GURELUH��SUHVDUH�HWF���OH�HIHFWXHD] �vQ�DWPRVIHU �GH�JD]�FDUEonic, gaz ce poate proveni dintr-o butelie sau de la un vas cu must în fermentare. Inconvenientul acestei WHKQRORJLL�FRQVW �vQ�IDSWXO�F �UHFROWD�SUHOXFUDW ��vQ�PRPHQWXO�FkQG�YLQH�vQ�FRQWDFW�FX�DHUXO�HVWH�YLROHQW�R[LGDW ��LDU�XUP ULOH�VXQW�úL�PDL�GLILFLO�GH corectat. 3HQWUX� LQDFWLYDUHD� PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU� vQ� YHGHUHD� HYLW ULL� XQHL� IHUPHQWD LL� WLPSXULL� V-ar PDL� SXWHD� IRORVL� úL� WUDWDPHQWXO� FX� IULJ�� 3H� OkQJ � XQ� FRQVXP� PDUH� GH� HQHUJLH�� LPSXV� GH�IXQF LRQDUHD�LQVWDOD LLORU�IULJRULILFH��WUDWDPHQWXO�DUH�úL� LQFRQYHQLHQWXO�F �IDYRUL]HD] �GL]ROYDUHD�XQRU�FDQWLW L�PDUL�GH�R[LJHQ�vQ�PDVD�GH�PXVWXLDO � ÌQ�DIDUD�WUDWDPHQWHORU�DSOLFDWH�FX�VFRSXO�GH�D�GLPLQXD�LQIOXHQ D�G XQ WRDUH�D�R[LJHQXOXL�úL� D� PLFURRUJDQLVPHORU�� PXVWXLDOD� PDL� SRDWH� IL� WUDWDW � úL� FX� GLIHULWH� SUHSDUDWH� HQ]Lmatice: SHFWROLWLFH� úL� SURWHROLWLFH�� $GDXVXO� VXSOLPHQWDU� GH� HQ]LPH�� DO WXUL� GH� FHOH� H[LVWHQWH� vQ� PRG�QDWXUDO�vQ�PXVWXLDO ��FRQGXFH�OD�R�KLGUROL] �PDL�UDSLG �D�VXEVWDQ HORU�SHFWLFH�úL�D�FHORU�SURWHLFH��Transformarea lor din macromolecule coloidale în substaQ H�FX�PROHFXOH�PDL�PLFL��GHWHUPLQ �R�PDL� UDSLG � HOLEHUDUH� D� VXFXOXL� GLQ� FHOXOH�� D� VXEVWDQ HORU� FRORUDWH� úL� DURPDWH�� R� PLFúRUDUH� D�YkVFR]LW LL�PXVWXOXL��LDU�FD�XUPDUH�VH�vPEXQ W HúWH�FDOLWDWHD��JUDGXO�GH�VFXUJHUH�úL�UDQGDPHQWXO�în must.

2.4. Separarea mXVWXOXL�GH�ERúWLQ

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� Separarea mustului prin scurgere

(VWH�RSHUD LD�FDUH�SUHFHGH�úL�XúXUHD] �SUHVDUHD�ERúWLQHL��6FXUJHUHD�SRDWH�DYHD�ORF�vQ�PRG�VSRQWDQ�� SH� FDOH� JUDYLWD LRQDO �� VDX� SRDWH� IL� SURYRFDW � FkQG� HVWH� FXQRVFXW � úL� VXE� QXPHOH� GH�VFXUJHUH�LQWHQVLILFDW ��ÌQ�DPEHOH�VLWXD LL��RSHUD LD�VH�UHDOL]HD] �FX�DMXWRUXO�XQRU�LQVWDOD LL�QXPLWH�VFXUJ WRDUH��FDUH�SRW�IL�VWDWLFH��SDVLYH��VDX�GLQDPLFH��DFWLYH���3ULPHOH�IXQF LRQHD] �GLVFRQWLQXX��cele din a doua categorie, continuu.

� Separarea mustului prin presare

3UHVDUHD�HVWH�XOWLPD�RSHUD LXQH�GLQ�SURFHVXO�GH�SUHOXFUDUH�D�VWUXJXULORU��&X�DMXWRUXO�HL�VH�H[WUDJH� IUDF LXQHD� GH� PXVW� FDUH� LPSUHJQHD] � ERúWLQD� GXS � VFXUJHUH�� 2SHUD LD� WUHEXLH� DVWIHO�FRQGXV �� vQFkW� GLQ� ERúWLQ � V � VH� H[WUDJ � QXPDL� VXFXO� GXOFH�� HOLEHUDW� FX� RFD]LD� ]GURELULL� GLQ�YDFXROHOH�FHOXOHORU�SXOSHL��QX�úL�FHO�GLQ�SLHOL H��FDUH�LPSULP �XQ�JXVW�LHUEDFHX��DVWULQJHQW�úL�DPDU��0XVWXO�UH]XOWDW��QXPLW�úL�PXVW�GH�SUHV ��HVWH�PDL�OLPSHGH�GHFkW�FHO�GH�OD�VFXUJeri, în special de la VFXUJHULOH�SURYRFDWH��FHHD�FH�vQVHDPQ �F �SULQ�SUHVDUH�VH�UHDOL]HD] �úL�R�RDUHFDUH�ILOWUDUH� /D�YLQLILFD LD�vQ�DOE��SUHVDUHD�VH�IDFH�FkQG�ERúWLQD�HVWH�SURDVS W ��OD�YLQLILFD LD�vQ�URúX�VH�HIHFWXHD] �GXS �PDFHUDUH-IHUPHQWDUH��DúD�F �GLQ�DFHVW�SXQFW�GH�YHGHUH��vQWUH�FHOH�GRX �PRGXUL�GH�SUHVDUH�H[LVW �XQHOH�GHRVHELUL�

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2.5. Randamentul în must la prelucrarea strugurilor

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� Deburbarea mustului

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a) Deburbarea mustului prin sedimentare –decantare Sedimentarea� FRQVW � vQ�GHSXQHUHD�SULQ�F GHUH� OLEHU � �VXE�DF LXQHD� IRU HL�JUDYLWD LHL�� D�LPSXULW LORU� VROLGH� GLVSHUVDWH� vQ� PDVD� PXVWXOXL�� LDU� GHFDQWDUHD� HVWH� RSHUD LD� GH� VHSDUH� D�lichidului limpede de pe sediment. 'HEXUEDUHD�VXE�DF LXQHD�IULJXOXL�QDWXUDO��HVWH�SRVLELO �OD�PXVWXULOH�RE LQXWH�GLQ�VRLXUL�FH�VH�UHFROWHD] �WkU]LX��vQ�WRDPQHOH�UHFL�SRDWH�IL�DSOLFDW �úL�OD�VRLXUL�PDL�WLPSXULL��5H]XOWDWHOH�VXQW�EXQH�PDL� DOHV� DWXQFL� FkQG� UHFROWD� HVWH� V Q WRDV �� LDU� PXVWXO� EHQHILFLD] � GH� IULJXO� GLQ� WLPSXO�QRS LL� Decantarea� FRQVW � vQ� VHSDUDUHD� PXVWXOXL� OLPSHGH� GH� EXUED� GHSXV � vQ� WLPSXO�VHGLPHQW ULL�� ÌQ� IXQF LH� GH� PRGXO� FXP� VXQW� HFKLSDWH� YDVHOH� VDX� ED]LQHOH� GH� GHFDQWDUH��RSHUD LXQHD� VH� SRDWH� H[HFXWD� vQ� PDL� PXOWH� PRGXUL�� $VWIHO�� FkQG� DFHVWHD� VXQW� SUHY ]XWH� FX�URELQHWH�GH�VFXUJHUH�GLVSXVH�OD�GLIHULWH�QLYHOH��HYDFXDUHD�PXVWXOXL�OLPSHGH�VH�UHDOL]HD] �vQ�PRG�VLPSOX�SULQ�GHVFKLGHUHD�VXFFHVLY �GH�VXV�vQ�MRV�D�URELQHWHORU��ILJ������/D�XQHOH�WLSXUL�GH�ED]LQH�decantaUHD�VH�SRDWH�IDFH�FX�DMXWRUXO�XQXL�GLVSR]LWLY�FX�FRW�PRELO�FDUH�SULQ�URWLUH�G �SRVLELOLWDWHD�UHJO ULL�vQ O LPLL�GH�SUHOXDUH��&kQG�YDVHOH�GH�GHFDQWDUH�QX�VXQW�HFKLSDWH�FX�DVWIHO�GH�URELQH L�VDX�dispozitive, tragerea mustului se face cu ajutorul unei pompe. ÌQ�DFHVW� FD]� VH�YD�DYHD�JULM �FD�IXUWXQXO� GH� DVSLUD LH� V � ILH� FRERUkW� SURJUHVLY�� DGLF � SH� P VXU � FH� QLYHOXO� OLFKLGXOXL� VFDGH��,QWURGXFHUHD�OXL�GH�OD�vQFHSXW�SkQ �DSURDSH�GH�OLQLD�GH�VHSDUD LH�GLQWUH�PXVW�úL�GHSR]LW�GXFH�OD�IRUPDUHD�XQRU�FXUHQ L��FDUH�DQWUHQHD] �SDUWH�GLQ�EXUE �GLQ�QRX�vQ�PXVW��FRPSURPL kQGX-se astfel vQV úL�XWLOLWDWHD�GHEXUE ULL�

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b) Deburbarea prin centrifugare Centrifugarea�HVWH�RSHUD LD�GH�VHSDUDUH��VXE�DF LXQHD�IRU HL�FHQWULIXJH��D�FRPSRQHQ LORU�FX� GHQVLWDWH� GLIHULW � GLQWU-un amestec eterogen (suspensie sau emulsie). Comparativ cu deburbarea prin sedimentare-decantare, limpezirea prin� DFHVW� SURFHGHX� HVWH� PXOW� PDL� UDSLG ��&ODXGH�(��������DUDW �F �FHQWULIXJDUHD�HVWH�R�GHFDQWDUH�DFFHOHUDW � 9LWH]D� GH� vQGHS UWDUH� D� SDUWLFXOHORU� GH� WXOEXUHDO � GLQ� PXVW� VXE� DF LXQHD� FkPSXOXL�FHQWULIXJDO��SRDWH�IL�UHGDW �SULQ�H[SUHVLD�

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