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ANDRZEJ ZALEWSKI, MARIA STYBLIŃSKA
INCREASED SUCCESSFUL USE OF CYCLING IN POLISH CITIESIN THE ASPECT OF TRANSFORMATION
AND MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
Plan of Presentation
1. Introduction2. The current problems in towns and agglomerations in Poland 3. The tendencies of development of cycling in Poland4. Visions of cycling in Poland5. A roads to success - Conclusions
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Prof. Dr Eng. Andrzej ZalewskiWarsaw University of Technology,
Faculty of ArchitectureJohn Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
Faculty of Mathematics, Informatics and Landscape Architecture
MSc. Maria Styblińskalecturer
Warsaw University of TechnologyFaculty of Architecture
Postgraduate Studies of Urban Plannig and Spatial Economy
Team of authors
1. Introduction
The paper presents the changes in use of bicycles during last 20 years in an aspect of a transition and Polish accession to the European Union (2004).
Modification of transportation behaviour to the direction of sustainable mobility and creativity favourable conditions for the use of the bicycle and generally improve the environmental conditions of life are effect of the process of transformation: changes in socio - economic system, the opening borders with Schengen’s Agreement, consequently, the Polish accession to the European Union.
These factors contributed significantly to the changes in the awareness of Polish society and the activities of the authorities at various levels (local and the state government).
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Inhabitants of Poland in their behaviour and preferences, wanted to match to West European citizens. Also the city of its appearance and technical solutions in the field of transport should have been equal to the best ones in Western Europe.
To achieve these targets were very helpful means of the European Union, including in particular the funds the Transport Programme and Cohesion funds for environmental protection and regional development.
There has been a large increase in social activity of inhabitants. The new non-governmental organizations has been created. The civil budgets are established, for which residents decide
(including solution for cycling infrastructure).
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
These translates into: significant
transformation of public spaces of towns and cities, which become more friendly residents
created potentially better living conditions,
promoted sustainable development and environmental protection.
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Warsaw – new cycling infrastructure
7
2. The current problems in towns and agglomerations in Poland
Insufficiently developed network of motorways, expressways and
bypasses towns and agglomerations which causes in many cases, the transit traffic through centre of cities
The low level of road safety, including the high risk of pedestrians and cyclists
Insufficient road network hierarchy and multi functionality of urban networks
The increasing congestion on roads and streets.
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
8
Number of passenger cars in Poland over the past 20 years has
increased by 230% (in 2015 – 520 vh./1000 inhab.) The sustainable development polices of cities and
agglomerations as a basic idea is stored in legal documents and planning, including in the field of spatial development and transport, but its implementation faces are difficulties
Well-developed public transportation systems, including systems for trams in many Polish cities and agglomerations, often discourage the use of bicycle
Big progress in development of cycling infrastructure and traffic calming zones.
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
9
3. The tendencies of development of cycling in Poland Bicycles in the large cities are complementary and seasonal
means of transportation. In medium and small size towns is a real alternative to car and
public transport During the weekends the use of bicycles increases several times in
relation to the working day.
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
The highest bicycle usage occurs during the months since April - till October, when weather conditions are favourable!
Touristic cycling was and is very popular!
Cracow – cycling infrastructure in the inner city
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
The use of bicycles for recreation and tourism has always been popular.
The development of systems of bicycle routes, supported by development of urban bicycle systems and change of consciousness in the context of sustainable development make a systematic increase in the active mobility and changes in the modal split.
Through investments in cycling infrastructure following harmonize and improve the quality of public spaces of many Polish cities.
Warsaw – new cycling infrastructure in the Center
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Important part of promotion of cycling is the development of tourist cycling routes.
2000 km of tourist cycling routes in Eastern Poland (Green Velo) in a high functional and technical standards.
Euro Velo routes are already operates approx. 600 km from 5600 km planned in Poland.
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in PolishCities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Inaugurated in 20128–th of in Europe 10-th in the World
3039 Bikes10 tandems
in 204 stationsFor 2017 – 100 new stations and
1500 bikesFirst station
with bikes for children375 000 registrated users
1 975 085 number of rentals15 955 – daily record of rent
Average time to rent – 26’ 40’’
data during in 2015/2016Operator NextBike
Spectacular sucess of Warsaw Public Bike System!
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Operator NextBike
Spectacular sucess of Warsaw Public Bike System!
Public bike as a measure of development of active mobility and create a cycling culture!
Warsaw – Public Bike Stations
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
The length of cycleways network in Polish cities – state 2016
15
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
The length of cycleways network in Polish cities (2016)
Rzesz
ów
Gdańsk
Toruń
Olsztyn
WrocławLublin
Gliwice
Opole
Białys
tok
Szcze
cin
Poznań
Warsza
wa
Bydgosz
cz
Kraków
Często
chowa
Katowice
Gdynia
Bytom
Radom
Gorzów W
lkp.
Kielce
Łódź
Bielsk
o Biał
a0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
The level of needs in the development of the cycleways network in selected Polish cities [%] 2016
Ratio of the minimum requirements – 0,53 km/ 1000 inhab.In certain cities, minimal criterion is fullfil or will be fulfill soon
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Existing network
RequiredPart to Minimum
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Modal split in selcected Polish cities [%]
Name of citynumber of residents
[thousands]Foot [%]
Bike [%]
Car [%]
Publictransport
[%]Others
[%]
Warsaw 2015 1714
18 3,1 32,2 46,5 0,2
21 1 24 54 *Warsaw 2010 Krakow 2010 755 25 1 28 46 *Wroclaw 2011 632 18,8 3,6 41,8 34,1 0,9Poznan 2013 554 13 4,3 39,4 43,3 *Szczecin 2010 406 19,3 1,4 43,4 35,1 0,8Bydgoszcz 2010 357 28 1 41 30 *
* - lack of data
Big participation of public transport and pedestrians! Level of bike in modal split in not high in big cities, but increase
quickly!
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Solutions of Polish cycling infrastructure is current worldwide trends: create „contra – flow” of
cycling and lanes in one-way street lanes
cycle locks at intersections the possibilities of cyclists
riding side by side and using electric bikes.
the traffic calming solutions – zones of tempo 30 or inhabitants area (20 km/h), becoming more and more popular, increase the possibility of the use of bicycles. They are safe and inexpensive solutions.
Poznań - Intersection in traffic calming zone
Source: http://www.gloswielkopolski.pl /motofakty/a/poznan-powiekszaja-strefe-tempo-30-uwaga-na-zmiany,10544686/, access 29.10.2016 r.
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Other conditions of development: the further increase of public
awareness and the political will concern for the health
relatively low costs of travel its size of the space (more
than 50% of urban journeys in large cities less than 5 km and 2.5 km in average),
corresponds to the increasing of cycling mobility !
Chełm Lubelski – Cycling Path – part of Tourism Cycling Route of Eastern Polandand Lodz – shared space in the center
20
Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Research Report foundation Allegro Allforplanet „Polish bicycle” (October 2016) confirms the trends discussed in the presentation: shows preferences and
characteristics of the behavior of cyclists in different age groups, taking into account differences according to geographical regions,
presents Polish cycling culture
analyzes the effects of the campaign cycle
evaluates the bicycle market.
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in the Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
According to authors’ research among of Polish students: 90 % respondents see the bicycle as an integral means of
transportation in cities, 80% express the need of development of urban public bike about 60 % indicates development of traffic calming zones
(tempo 30) as internal support transport service in residential areas and city centers by conditions improvement of pedestrian and cyclists.
4. Visions of cycling in Poland
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
5. A roads to success - Conclusions
In conclusions the development of cycling is a constant tendency in Poland.
The most important opening for the new and healthy trend of sustainable development
Socio - economic system changes - residents have an impact on the budget and the outgoings
Many solutions cycling infrastructure and traffic calming is the result of the Citizens Budget
EU factor in forcing the development of the system of sustainable and low-carbon transport. Support funds (~400 million Euro) gives good results
The development of cycling tourism is a factor in the change of consciousness and transportation behavior
Systematic development of road infrastructure and public bicycle systems!
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
References
Green Paper on Urban Transport, Towards a new culture for urban mobility [SEC(2007) 1209] 25 September 2007. Greenways in Poland, Ministry of Infrastructure and Development, Warsaw 2014.National Statistical Office, Warsaw 2015.Raport Polska Rowerowa, FundacjiaAllegro Allforplanet , Poznań 2016, https://www.allforplanet.pl [access 10. 11.2016)White Paper, European transport policy for 2010: time to decide. COM (2001) 370.Zalewski A., Active Mobility in the Cities and Urban Areas in Poland, World Colloquium of Scientists for Cycling Velo-City Global 2016, ECF, National Taiwan University APTRC, Taipei, 2016 (presentation in english) .Zalewski A., Bicycle Routes In Eastern Poland as a Part of Socio - Economic Regions Development, Velo-Global, Vancouver 2012, www.veloglobal 2012.Zalewski A., Infrastructure for Cycling as Part of the Ddevelopment of Public Spaces In Towns And Agglomerations in Poland, Velo-Global, Vancouver 2012, www.veloglobal 2012.www. ecf. com/ ECF Eurobarometr 2015 [access: june 2015]www. .veturilo.waw.pl [access: february 2016]
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Zalewski A. Styblińska M. Increased Successful Use of Cycling in Polish Cities in The Aspect of Transformation and Membership In the EU
Thank you for
your attention
© Copywright by Andrzej Zalewski & Maria Styblińska
Warsaw University of Technology (Poland) andrzej.zalewski2205@gmail.com;
maria.styblinska@gmail.comCopying and publishing of this presentation in whole or
in part requires the permission of the authors
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