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Hoover InstitutionStanford UniversityMay 21, 2009
The How and Why of Promoting Entrepreneurship Abroad
Richard Boly National Security Affairs Fellow, Hoover Institutionboly@hoover.stanford.edu
Case Study: Partnership for Growth in Italy — Promoting Entrepreneurship as U.S. Foreign Policy
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
Entrepreneurial vs. Bureaucratic Capitalism
Entrepreneurial Schumpeter’s “creative
destruction” Messy, bottom-up,
unplanned Private actors create
new venture ecosystem Government creates
positive policy framework
Bureaucratic National champions Centralized, top down,
negotiated industrial policies
Job preservation, not job creation
Sacrifice growth for stability
Example: Failure of EU’s Lisbon Agenda
3
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 4
Building the “New Venture Ecosystem”
Move research to marketGrow risk capital markets Spur innovation by strengthening the
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regimeCreate and promote Italian entrepreneurial role
models
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 5
Move Research to Market
Two-day visit by Stanford President Hennessy Italian Academics for EntrepreneurshipNational Science Foundation FellowExchanges for university tech transfer officersBiotech guru road show
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
Italian Academics for Entrepreneurship
7
Raffaele OrianiLUISS
Guido ChiarottiSISSA
Stefano FantoniDirector, SISSA
Alberto Di MininSant’Anna
Francesco SaccoBocconi
Paolo CremonesiMilan Politecnico
Leo MiglioMilan Bicocca
Stefano ZambonU. of Ferrara
Max BergamiALMA Graduate School
Paolo MilaniU. of Milan
Ruggero FrezzaU. of Padova
Chiara FranzoniTurin Politecnico
Rosa GrimaldiU. of Bologna
Roberto GuerrieriU. of Bologna
Manlio Del GiudiceUNISOB, Naples
Alessandro SanninoU. of Lecce
Ferruccio FiordispinSIAF Volterra
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 8
Grow Risk Capital Markets
Established Italian Angels for GrowthU.S. entrepreneurs-in-residence Keynote speech at biennial Italian Venture
Capital Association global meetingPitching session for 20 Italian startups with
Silicon Valley VCsConference on improving the regulatory
framework for VC and angel investing
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 10
Spur Innovation by Strengthening the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) RegimeDemystifying the patent process (webinar)Kauffman Foundation iBridge Conference on the Bayh-Dole ActIPR conference with Italian magistrates and
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, Department of Justice
Ministerial conference on IPR protection with the Foreign Minster and Minister of Economy
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
Does Success Depend on Forces Outside Our Control?
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Source: Pew Global Attitudes Survey, Oct. 2007
Percent
Yes No
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 13
Create and Promote Italian Entrepreneurial Role ModelsFace2Face: Capturing Creativity
(40-episode webinar series)First Generation NetworkMind the Bridge
(business plan competition focusing on entrepreneurs already in the workforce)
Fulbright BEST Silicon Valley Immersion Program
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
Face2Face: Capturing Creativity —Participating Universities
15
Università di Torino
Università di Genova
Università di Bolzano
Università di Padova
Politecnico di Milano
Università di Brescia
Suor Orsola Benincasa
Università del Sannio
Università La Sapienza
Università Tor Vergata
Università Roma Tre
Luiss Università
Università II di Napoli
Università di Camerino
Università della Calabria
Università di Lecce
Università di Trento
Università Bocconi
Università di Firenze
Università di Pisa
Scuola S. Anna
Università di Catania
Università di Pavia
Università di Ferrara
ALMA Graduate School
Politecnica delle Marche
Università dell’Aquila Università di
Bari
Università di Palermo
Università di Udine
Università di Milano, Bicocca
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 17
President Bush Meets with First-Gen Entrepreneurs, Fulbright BEST Scholars
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 18
Institutionalizing and Spinning Out:A Sustainable Future for the P4GPartnership Summit, May 20, 2008, Venice
Ambassador Ronald Spogli
15 Partner Organizations
300 Policy Makers, Entrepreneurs, and Media
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved. 19
Policy Relevance
“In an era of integration and interdependence, it is also my responsibility to lead America into recognizing that its interests, its fate is tied up with the larger world... (if) not… we (are) depriving ourselves of potential opportunities for markets and economic growth, but ultimately that despair may turn to violence that turns on us; that unless we are concerned about the education of all children… not only may we be depriving ourselves of the next great scientist who's going to find the next new energy source that saves the planet, but we also may make people around the world much more vulnerable to anti-American propaganda.” (emphasis added)
– President Obama, April 3, 2009
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
A Simple Proposal
President announces intent to nominate a person for ambassadorship
If yes, schedules initial video conference between embassy team and organizations promoting entrepreneurship
State Department country desk officer offers nominee a meeting with private organizations promoting entrepreneurship
Ambassador-designate confirmed and sworn in
Ambassador arrives at post, determines if entrepreneurship program is a good fit
10 weeksAverage Time Span:
© 2009 Hoover Institution. All rights reserved.
Window of Opportunity
21
Argentina Transition EAustralia Vacant TBrazil Jul 06 EBulgaria Jul 08 SChile Nov 07 EChina Nominated SColombia Sep 07 ESCroatia Jul 06 SDenmark VacantEgypt Mar 08 EEstonia Vacant SFinland VacantFrance Vacant
Georgia Jul 04 SGreece Nov 07Iceland Oct 05India Vacant ETSIreland NominatedJapan Vacant TJordan Jul 08Korea Jul 08Latvia Vacant SLebanon Jun 08Lithuania Jul 06 SMalaysia Sep 07 TMalta Vacant Mauritius Vacant T
Mexico Vacant ENamibia Nov 07Netherlands Vacant SNew Zealand Vacant Norway Jan 06 TPakistan May 07 TPoland Jun 04 SRomania Vacant SSouth Africa Vacant ESpain VacantSweden VacantThailand Oct 07Turkey Nov 08 EVietnam Aug 07 S
Vacant/Named (20 of 40)Non-career from previous administration (3 of 40)
E Endeavor (9)T TiE (7)S SEAF (13)
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