8 a

Before… After!

What’s the difference?

Video: Environmental SuperheroMeet Mr. Henry Green.

How has he changed his habits to become greener?

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.going green = being good to the environ-ment

Video: Environmental Superhero

Meet Mr. Henry Green.

How has he changed his habits to become greener?

1. uses ice to chill his refrigerator (ice box)

2. uses candles instead of electricity

3. grows some of his own organic vegetables

4. brings his own cloth shopping bag

5. uses recycling bins

Page 74 going green = being good to the environment

environmental impacts = positive & negative things that affect the environ-

ment

e-waste

hybrid carrecycling bin

pollutionorganic foodwind farm

nuclear en-ergy

plastic bagssolar energyglobal warming

e-waste= electronic waste

hybrid (mix) car= a car that uses gas and electric-ity

Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

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Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

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Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

CFL’s use less energy.

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Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

CFL’s use less energy.The toothbrush is made of recycled plastic.

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Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

CFL’s use less energy.The toothbrush is made of recycled plastic.

The shopping bag saves using plastic or paper.

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Language in contextWhat makes each product green?

CFL’s use less energy.The toothbrush is made of recycled plastic.

The shopping bag saves using plastic or paper.The water bottle

helps us use fewer plastic bottles.

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Grammar – Quantifiers p.75

Countable Nouns

Countable Nounsare things we can count

Countable Nounsare things we can countlike

Countable Nounsare things we can countlike plastic bottles

Countable Nounsare things we can countlike windmills

Countable Nounsare things we can countand recycle bins

Non-count Nounsare things we cannot count

Non-count Nounsare things we cannot countlike money

Remember notes or bills are countable

Other Non-count Nounsare

Other Non-count Nounsare food

and energy

We use words called quantifiers to help us discuss

the amount or

quantity of something

We use more with both count and non-count nouns

We use more with both count and non-count nouns

more plastic bottles

We use more with both count and non-count nouns

more plastic bottles more money

We use enough with both count and non-count nouns

There aren’t enough bins.

We use enough with both count and non-count nouns

There aren’t enough bins. There is enough food.

We use less with both count and non-count nouns

There are less apples.

We use less with both count and non-count nouns

There are less apples. There is less food.

BUT We use few ONLY with count nouns

There are fewer apples.

We use few ONLY with count nouns

There are fewer apples. There are a few windmills.

We also use many ONLY with count nouns

too many bottles too many people

We also use many only with count nouns

too many cars too many refugees

AND we use much ONLY with non-count nouns

too much energy too much plastic

AND we use much ONLY with non-count nouns

too much noise too much pollution

Lets do it together!

There are too ________students late today!

There are too many students late today!

There wasn’t _______ rain this summer!

There wasn’t enough/much rain this summer!

There were ______ people in Seoul during theChuseok holiday.

There were fewer people in Seoul during theChuseok holiday.

There is too _____ noise outside today.

There is too much noise outside today.

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more

too muchmore

enough lessenough fewer

Too many

-countable or uncountable?-good or bad / more or less?

Too personal?

-age-weight-relationship status-religion-job-salary-where you live-other?

avoid or lie?

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I’d rather not say.I’d say about…

Why doesn’t Jim want to tell Carl how much the car cost?

Why doesn’t Jim want to tell Carl how much the car cost?

Maybe Carl has a salary that is much lower than Jim’s salary. So, Jim is being humble. He doesn’t want to seem boastful of how much money he has. Maybe the car was very expensive.

Maybe the car was very cheap, and it makes Jim feel embarrassed. Maybe Carl’s salary is much higher than Jim’s salary. That could also make Jim feel embarrassed or ashamed.

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1. How often do you ride the bus?2. How much do you ride the bus every day?3. How many people were on the bus with you this morning?4. How much money did you spend the last time you went drinking with your friends?

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ac

1. How often do you ride the bus?2. How much do you ride the bus every day?3. How many people were on the bus with you this morning?4. How much money did you spend the last time you went drinking with your friends?

Listening: Consumer Research, p.77

8 Have your buying habits changed in the last year?Yes. I don’t buy plastic bottles.

1 How often do you walk to the grocery store?All the time.

3 Do you usually ask for paper or plastic bags?Neither. I bring my own cloth bags.

5 How much do you spend on groceries every month?About $300.

6 How many people are there in your household?Three. Me, my wife, my son.

9 What is the highest level of education you’ve completed?I’d prefer not to answer that.

7 What do you do for a living?I’d rather not say.

4 Do you ever shop for groceries online?No, never.

2 How often do you buy environmentally friendly products?Very often.

More about “Quantifiers”…(Individual Study)

What are quantifiers?• Quantifiers are words that precede (come before)

and modify (describe) nouns. They indicate the amount or quantity such as how many or how much.

• Selecting the correct quantifier depends on your un-derstanding the distinction between Countable (Count) and Uncountable (Non-Count) Nouns. 

Exam-ples:There are some books on the desk. (Count Noun)

He's got only a few dollars. (Count Noun)

How much money have you got? (Non-Count Noun)

There is a large quantity of fish in this river. (Non-Count Noun)

He's got more friends than his sister. (Count Noun)

Examples of Quantifiers• With Only Countable Nouns many both fewer each a few/few/(very) few* either/neither several a couple of a number of hundreds of a large number of thousands of a great number of a majority of * NOTE few, very few = not many of something, not enough a few = some, a certain amount

• With Only Uncountable Nouns (not) much a little/little/(very) little* a bit (of) a good deal of a great deal of a large amount of a large quantity of

* NOTE little, very little = not a lot of something, not enough a little = some, a certain amount

Examples of Quantifiers

• With Both Countable and Uncountable Nouns all a lot of enough lots of more/the most plenty of less/the least no/none not any some any

Examples of Quantifiers

Language Tips on Quantifiers• In formal English, it is better to use “many” and “much” rather

than phrases such as “a lot of”, “lots of” and “plenty of”.

• There is a difference between “few” and “a few”. Examples: few flowers = not many flowers a few flowers = some flowers

• There is a difference between “little” and “a little”. Examples: little time = not a lot of time a little time = some time

1. Could we have ___________ champagne, please? 2. They live in a very small apartment because they have ________ money. 3. Very __________ people can speak five languages. 4. Cactus plants are easy to care for because they need _________ water to survive. 5. They have already been to Africa ___________ times. 6. We have ___________ time before our flight so let’s go eat something. 7. He speaks German very well but sometimes he makes ______________ mistakes. 8. I am happy she has ____________ problems in her life. 9. Would you like ______________ candies?10. I know ______________ about this subject.

Practice: Complete the sentences with few/a few/little/a little.

a littlelittle

fewlittle

a fewa little

a few

fewa few

little

1. I have __________ friends in Europe. 2. I don’t drink __________ coffee. 3. How __________ children do you have? 4. How __________ rice do you need? 5. We don’t have __________ time. 6. I went to Minnesota ____________ times last year. 7. There is not ___________ sand in the car. 8. Jim works on ___________ different projects.

Practice: Complete the sentences with ”much” or “many”. many

muchmanymuch

much

muchmany

many